KR20160050995A - A lithium secondary battery with improved power property - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery using a lithium titanium oxide (LTO) as a negative electrode active material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a secondary battery having improved output properties through optimizing the air gap ratio of the LTO. The lithium secondary battery comprising the LTO as the negative electrode active material according to the present invention significantly improves output density by maximizing a reaction active site of electrolyte due to a porous structure.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery having improved output characteristics,

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery using lithium titanium oxide (LTO) as an anode active material. More particularly, the present invention relates to a secondary battery having improved input / output characteristics through optimization of the LTO porosity ratio.

Recently, as interest in environmental problems grows, researches on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles that can replace fossil fuels such as gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles, which are one of the main causes of air pollution, are being conducted. Although nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries are mainly used as power sources for such electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, researches using lithium secondary batteries having high energy density and discharge voltage are being actively carried out, and they are in the commercialization stage.

Lithium tantalum oxide (LTO) is expected as an anode active material having high input / output characteristics. Spinel lithium titanium oxide, which is a representative oxide in which lithium is inserted and desorbed while maintaining the crystal structure, was known for the first time in 1971. Since there is no excellent lithium ion mobility and no structural change of the material during charging and discharging, Has become a subject of much interest as a large-capacity storage material. The lithium secondary battery including such lithium titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material has a relatively high oxidation / reduction potential of about 1.5 V with respect to the potential of Li / Li +, so that almost no electrolyte decomposition occurs and the cycle characteristics great. However, lithium titanium oxide has a disadvantage in that the capacity per unit weight is small and the energy density is low.

In this regard, some prior art proposes a cathode material comprising a carbon-based material and lithium titanium oxide. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1998-069922 discloses a lithium-titanium composite oxide as a main active material and a negative electrode to which an active material having a low oxidation / reduction potential is added as a secondary active material. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-278282 discloses a technique of adding lithium titanate having a spinel structure as a negative electrode active material and a carbon material as a conductive material. However, the anode materials using lithium titanium oxide as the main active material have not been able to solve the problem that the capacity of the lithium titanium oxide is small and the energy density is low. Therefore, there is a high demand for an anode material having low internal resistance, high electric conductivity, and excellent output characteristics while complementing the disadvantages of lithium titanium oxide.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lithium secondary battery using lithium titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material so as to achieve improved output characteristics without substantially causing a reduction in high-temperature characteristics and battery capacity. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

The present invention provides a negative electrode for a secondary battery for solving the above-described technical problems. Wherein the negative electrode comprises a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one side of the current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer comprises lithium titanium oxide represented by the following formula 1 as the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material is lithium titanium (Cm ³ / g) of the pores of the lithium-titanium oxide particles and a loading amount (mAh / m ² ) of the negative electrode active material on the collector are in the range of Satisfies the following relational expression (1).

[Chemical Formula 1]

Li _x Ti _y O _z M _w

In the above formula (1), M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and Zn, and 0.5? A? 5, 1? B? 5, , 0? W < 0.1.

[Relation 1]

0.002? Volume of pores of lithium titanium oxide (cm ³ / g) x Amount of loaded cathode (mAh / m ² )? 10.

Here, the lithium titanium oxide represented by Formula 1 is Li _0.8 Ti _2.2 O ₄ , Li _2.67 Ti _1.33 O ₄ , Li _1.33 Ti _1.67 O ₄ , Li _1.14 Ti _1.71 O _4, Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ , and Li ₂ TiO ₃ .

Here, the lithium titanium oxide primary particles have a particle diameter (D ₅₀ ) of 0.01 탆 to 1 탆.

Here, the lithium titanium oxide secondary particles have a particle diameter (D ₅₀ ) of 2 탆 to 20 탆.

Here, the lithium titanium oxide primary particles are porous particles having a plurality of pores formed on the surface and the body of the primary particles.

Here, the lithium titanium oxide secondary particles are porous particles having a plurality of pores formed on the surface and the body of the secondary particles.

Here, the pores of the negative electrode active material layer may include pores of primary particles, pores between primary particles, pores formed between primary particles and secondary particles, and pores formed between secondary particles.

In the present invention, the LTO may contain less than 30% by weight of free primary particles that are not agglomerated with respect to 100% by weight of LTO.

Here, the LTO may have a pore volume of 0.01 cm ³ / g to 1 cm ³ / g.

In the present invention, the loading amount of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode may be 0.2 mAh / cm ² to 10 mAh / cm ² .

The present invention also includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode includes the negative electrode according to the present invention.

The lithium secondary battery including the lithium titanium oxide anode active material according to the present invention has the effect of maximizing the active site of reaction with the electrolyte due to the porous structure of the anode active material layer, thereby remarkably improving the output density.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. On the other hand, the shape, size, scale or ratio of the elements in the drawings incorporated herein can be exaggerated to emphasize a clearer description.
Figure 1 shows an SEM image of LTO particles with porous properties.
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are graphs illustrating charging and discharging resistance values according to the SOC of the battery manufactured in the embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a graph showing discharge resistance values according to SOC of a battery manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Prior to this, terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms, and the inventor may designate the concept of a term appropriately in order to describe its own invention in the best way possible. It should be interpreted as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, It is to be understood that equivalents and modifications are possible.

In the secondary battery, when the porosity of the cathode is excessively low, the ion and / or electron conduction is not smooth, so that the output characteristic with respect to the capacity depending on the active material may be deteriorated. On the other hand, when the porosity is too high, the loading amount of the active material is not sufficient compared to the area of the cathode, and the conductive particles may tend to be deteriorated due to the distance between the active material particles. Accordingly, the present invention proposes a range in which the loading amount of the active material and the volume of pores can be appropriately set.

In the present invention, the term 'primary pore' is defined as the pore or pore formed on the surface of the primary particle and the particle body. The primary pores may be connected to one or more other primary pores adjacent to each other to function as a path of movement of lithium ions, a battery, and / or an electrolytic solution.

In the present invention, the term 'secondary pore' is defined as a pore or pore formed between two or more particles in contact with each other. The pores or voids may be formed between the primary particles and between the secondary particles, and may be formed between the primary particles and the secondary particles. The secondary pores may be connected to one or more adjacent primary pores and / or secondary pores to function as a path for movement of lithium ions, a battery, and / or an electrolyte.

In the present invention, pores or voids are referred to as primary pores or voids and secondary voids or voids without any specific designation.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising lithium titanium oxide (LTO) as a negative electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode has a volume of pores of the lithium titanium oxide particle ³ / g) and the loading amount (mAh / m ² ) satisfy a certain range.

In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode comprises a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one side of the current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer comprises lithium titanium oxide represented by the following formula (1) LTO).

[Chemical Formula 1]

Li _x Ti _y O _z M _w

In the above formula (1), M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and Zn, and 0.5? X? 3, 1? Y? 5 and 2? , 0? W < 0.1.

The LTO may be, for example, Li _0.8 Ti _2.2 O ₄ , Li _2.67 Ti _1.33 O ₄ , Li _1.33 Ti _1.67 O ₄ , Li _1.14 Ti _1.71 O ₄ , Li ₄ Ti ₅ O _12, LiTi ₂ O ₄ , Li ₂ TiO ₃ , and the like. More specifically, it can be a Li _1.33 Ti _1.67 O ₄ or LiTi ₂ O ₄ have. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, the LTO includes LTO secondary particles, and the LTO secondary particles are formed by aggregating a plurality of LTO primary particles. The LTO may contain a small amount of non-aggregated glass LTO primary particles in addition to LTO secondary particles, but is preferably substantially composed of secondary particles. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the LTO used as the negative electrode active material is preferably at least 70% by weight, or at least 80% by weight, or at least 90% by weight based on 100% by weight of total LTO included in the negative electrode, Or more, or 95 wt% or more, or 99 wt% or more. In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the primary particles have a volume-based particle size distribution D50 of 0.01 탆 to 1 탆, more preferably 0.05 탆 to 0.8 탆. The secondary particle has a volume-based particle size distribution D50 of 2 占 퐉 to 20 占 퐉, more preferably 2 占 퐉 to 15 占 퐉. Here, the volume-based particle size distribution D50 means the particle size corresponding to 50% of the total volume when the volume is accumulated from small particles by measuring the particle size.

In the present invention, the primary particles and / or the secondary particles have a spherical or pseudo spherical shape. The term &quot; pseudo spherical shape &quot; includes all types of particles having a three-dimensional volume including an ellipse, such as an amorphous shape whose shape can not be specified.

Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, the anode active material layer is a porous structure in which a plurality of pores are present. Such a porous structure may include, for example, characteristics according to the shape of various LTO particles as described below &Lt; / RTI &gt;

The LTO secondary particles have a porous structure in which a plurality of pores are formed on the surface of the secondary particle and inside the body by a plurality of pores formed between the aggregated primary particles. In addition, the LTO primary particles have a porous structure in which a plurality of primary pores are formed on the surface and inside the particle body. The pores may be connected to one or more adjacent pores so as to function as passages for the electrolyte. Therefore, the pores formed inside the particles and connected to each other have a function as a passage for electrolytic solution.

Finally, the pores formed between the two particles contacted by contacting the LTO secondary particles with other secondary particles or with the primary particles contained in other adjacent secondary particles may affect the porosity characteristics of the anode active material layer.

LTO has a three-dimensional Li diffusion path with a spinel structure, which is advantageous for rapid charging and high output characteristics. In addition, it has a characteristic of maintaining the original crystal structure at the time of charging / discharging, and thus has excellent structural stability and has a relatively high reaction potential (~1.5 V), so that SEI is not produced and an exothermic reaction caused by decomposition of SEI can be avoided. There is a side. This is related to the long life characteristics of LTO cathodes. In spite of many advantages such as rapid charging and long life characteristics, LTO has a disadvantage in that discharge voltage is lower than 1V compared to batteries using conventional graphite, the capacity of the graphite anode is about 40% smaller, and ion diffusion rate is slow. In order to solve this problem, the LTO particles are made smaller than 1 mu m, but in this case, the specific surface area becomes large, so that a large amount of binder is required and dispersion is difficult. Thus, secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated have been proposed. However, the size and distribution of the pores in the particles are uneven, resulting in excess or shortage of the electrolytic solution or unevenness in the utilization ratio of the active material. Accordingly, the cathode of the present invention can provide an LTO anode improved in input / output characteristics by optimizing the LTO particle size, pore size and ratio.

Considering this aspect, in the negative electrode according to the present invention, the volume (cm ³ / g) of the pores of the LTO particles and the loading amount (mAh / m ² ) of the negative electrode active material on the collector satisfy the following relational expression 1.

[Relation 1]

0.002? The volume of pores of lithium titanium oxide (cm ³ / g) Loading amount of X anode active material (mAh / m2) ≤ 10

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the volume of the pores can be determined from the porosity of the active material layer, and the porosity can be defined as follows.

Cathodic porosity = void volume per unit mass / (volume specific + void volume per unit mass)

The method for measuring the porosity is not particularly limited, and can be measured using BELSORP (BET equipment) manufactured by BEL JAPAN, for example, using an adsorption gas such as nitrogen.

If the volume and loading amount of the pores do not reach the above values, the pore volume is too small or the loading amount is small, so that the ion and / or electron conduction may not be smooth, and the capacity-to-capacity output characteristic depending on the active material may be deteriorated. On the other hand, when the value is excessively high, the porosity of the negative electrode is too high, so that the loading amount of the active material is insufficient relative to the area of the negative electrode, or the distance between the active material particles is large.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the LTO has a pore volume of 0.01 cm ³ / g to 1 cm ³ / g, or 0.01 cm ³ / g to 0.5 cm ³ / g, or 0.01 cm ³ / ³ / g, or 0.05 cm &lt; ³ &gt; / g to 0.5 cm &lt; ³ &gt; / g.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the total volume of the pores having a pore diameter of 0.1 m or more, preferably 0.1 to 1 m, is 10 vol% to 50 vol% relative to 100 vol% of the total pore volume of the LTO, . The pore having the long diameter of 0.1 mu m to 1 mu m may be LTO primary pores and / or secondary pores.

If the volume of the mesopores is less than 10%, the electrolyte impregnation efficiency becomes poor and the number of disassociated Li ions around the LTO primary particles becomes small, which adversely affects the output characteristics. On the contrary, when the volume of the mesopores is more than 50%, the energy density of the produced secondary battery is lowered, and the distance between the LTO particles becomes too far away to weaken the output characteristic.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the loading amount of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is 0.2 mAh / cm ² to 10 mAh / cm ² . According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the average crystallite size of x-ray diffraction measurement in the LTO is 500 ANGSTROM to 1500 ANGSTROM, preferably 800 ANGSTROM to 1300 ANGSTROM.

In addition, the amount of lithium carbonate which is a by-product of the production of LTO is 2 wt% or less, 1 wt% or less, 0.5 wt% or 0.1 wt% or less, or 0.05 wt% or less based on 100 wt% of LTO.

The LTO may be prepared by a method such as corprecipitation, sol-gel or hydrothermal synthesis, but is not limited thereto. It is not limited to a specific production method if it is possible to prepare lithium titanium oxide particles having the characteristics of the present invention.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the primary particles of the lithium metal oxide are first prepared by the above-mentioned conventional method, and the secondary particles of the lithium metal oxide particles are subjected to a separate granulation process As shown in FIG. Alternatively, the secondary particles can be produced by a method in which primary particles are produced through one process and at the same time, the secondary particles are agglomerated.

In one specific embodiment of the present invention, LTO secondary particles are prepared by preparing LTO primary particles and either by a separate granulation process, or through one process to produce primary particles, The secondary particles can be produced by a method of coagulation.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the LTO secondary particles include a) one or more elements selected from the group consisting of a source material of titanium (Ti) and Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and Zn (B) spray-drying the primary particle precursor to form a secondary particle precursor; c) introducing a lithium (Li) source material into the secondary particle precursor And dry mixing; and d) calcining the secondary particle precursor.

The step of forming the secondary particle precursor from the primary particle precursor may include forming a secondary particle precursor by supplying a primary particle precursor to a chamber provided in the spray drying equipment and spray drying the same. The primary particle precursor may be sprayed through a disk rotating at high speed in the chamber, and spraying and drying may be done in the same chamber. Furthermore, spray drying conditions such as the flow rate of the carrier gas, the residence time in the reactor, and the internal pressure can be suitably controlled in order to realize the desired average particle diameter and internal porosity of the anode active material particles. For example, the internal porosity of the secondary particles can be controlled by controlling the drying temperature. In order to increase the density of the secondary particles, it is advantageous to proceed as low as possible. The spray drying apparatus may be a conventional spray drying apparatus, for example, an ultrasonic spray drying apparatus, an air nozzle spray drying apparatus, an ultrasonic nozzle spray drying apparatus, a filter expansion droplet generating apparatus or an electrostatic spray drying apparatus May be used, but is not limited thereto. The firing may be performed at a temperature of 450 ° C to 600 ° C.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer may further include a binder resin and a conductive material. Here, the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder resin in a weight ratio of 80 to 90: 7 to 13: 3 to 9.

The negative electrode active material layer may further include any one selected from the group consisting of a carbon-based material, a transition metal oxide, a Si-based material, and an Sn-based material commonly used as an anode active material in addition to the LTO as the negative electrode active material can do.

Non-limiting examples of the binder resin include polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene

Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVP), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyamide-imide, and polyimide may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is not.

The conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not cause a chemical change. Examples of the conductive material include natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, Super-P black, Metal powders such as nickel, aluminum, and silver, or metal fibers.

In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the cathode may be manufactured according to the following method. First, the negative electrode active material, the binder resin and the conductive material are dispersed in an appropriate solvent such as an organic solvent such as ethanol (EtOH), acetone, isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), propylene glycol The negative electrode slurry may be formed into an electrode shape by pressing and forming the electrode slurry. Alternatively, the slurry may be coated on the metal foil to form an electrode shape. Alternatively, the negative electrode composition may be rolled into a sheet state, And the resultant formed in an electrode form is dried at a temperature of 100 to 350 DEG C to form a cathode. More specifically explaining an example of forming the negative electrode, the negative electrode slurry can be pressed and formed by using a roll press molding machine. The roll press forming machine aims at improving the electrode density through rolling and controlling the thickness of the electrode. The roll press forming machine is provided with a controller capable of controlling the thickness and heating temperature of rolls and rolls at the upper and lower ends, &Lt; / RTI &gt; As the electrode in the roll state passes the roll press, the rolling process is carried out and the roll is rolled again to complete the electrode. At this time, the pressing pressure of the press is preferably 5 to 20 ton / cm 2, and the roll temperature is preferably 0 to 150 ° C. The slurry that has undergone the above press-bonding process is subjected to a drying process. The drying process is carried out at a temperature of 100 ° C to 350 ° C, preferably 150 ° C to 300 ° C. If the drying temperature is less than 100 ° C, evaporation of the solvent is difficult, which is not preferable, and oxidation of the conductive material may occur during drying at a high temperature exceeding 350 ° C, which is not preferable. Therefore, the drying temperature is preferably 100 占 폚 or more and not exceeding 350 占 폚. The drying process is preferably carried out at the above temperature for about 10 minutes to 6 hours. This drying process improves the strength of the negative electrode by drying the dried negative electrode composition (solvent evaporation) and binding powder particles.

In addition, the present invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery or hybrid supercapacitor including the negative electrode prepared as described above. Lithium ion secondary batteries typically comprise a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a unit cell containing an electrolyte. In addition, the present invention provides a negative electrode or a hybrid supercapacity of a lithium ion battery including the negative electrode manufactured as described above.

The lithium secondary battery typically comprises a unit cell including a cathode, a separator and an anode, and is basically composed of at least one or more unit cells. The positive electrode may include a lithium-containing transition metal oxide as a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode may include a lithium-containing transition metal oxide as a positive electrode active material. For example, Li _x CoO ₂ (0.5 <x <1.3), Li _x NiO ₂ (0.5 <x <1.3), Li _x MnO ₂ (0.5 <x <1.3), Li _x Mn ₂ O _{4 1.3), Li x (Ni a} Co b Mn c) O 2 (0.5 <x <1.3, 0 <a <1, 0 <b <1, 0 <c <1, a + b + c = 1), Li _{x Ni 1-y Co y O} 2 (0.5 <x <1.3, 0 <y <1), Li x Co 1-y Mn y O 2 (0.5 <x <1.3, 0≤y <1), Li x Ni _{1-y Mn y O 2 (} 0.5 <x <1.3, O≤y <1), Li x (Ni a Co b Mn c) O 4 (0.5 <x <1.3, 0 <a <2, 0 <b < 2, 0 <c <2, a + b + c = 2), Li x Mn 2-z Ni z O 4 (0.5 <x <1.3, 0 <z <2), Li x Mn 2-z Co z O _{4 (0.5 <x <1.3,} 0 <z <2), Li x CoPO 4 (0.5 <x <1.3) and 2 out of any one or combinations selected from the group consisting of _{Li x FePO 4 (0.5 <x} <1.3) And the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may be coated with a metal such as aluminum (Al) or a metal oxide. In addition to the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, sulfide, selenide and halide may also be used. It is preferable to use a high-voltage anode. The high-voltage anode includes at least one selected from a lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide, lithium manganese oxide and lithium manganese metal composite oxide, which has a spinel structure as a high-potential oxide as a cathode active material.

The separation membrane typically has a porous membrane form having a plurality of pores. Such a porous separation membrane is not particularly limited and may be produced in the form of film, nonwoven fabric or woven fabric according to a conventional method known in the art. Non-limiting examples of the separation membrane include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide ( polyamide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzimidazole, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, cyclic olefin copolymer, polyphenylenesulfide, and polyethylenenaphthalene. The term &quot; polybenzimidazole &quot; Polymer or a mixture of two or more thereof The formed film may be a non-woven or woven fabric form.

The porous separator may further include a porous coating layer including inorganic particles and a binder as known in the art. The inorganic particles are selected from the group consisting of inorganic particles having a dielectric constant of about 5 or more, inorganic particles having lithium ion transporting ability, and mixtures thereof. The binder may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) But are not limited to, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide but are not limited to, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinyl, Alcohol (cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol), cyanoethyl unit celluloses (c butadiene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, benzoyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) But may be any one selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), or a mixture of two or more thereof But is not limited thereto.

The electrolytic solution which can be used in the present invention includes a salt having a structure such as A ⁺ B ^- . Here, A ⁺ includes an alkali metal cation such as Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , or an ion composed of a combination thereof, preferably a Li ⁺ ion. B ^- is ^{F -, Cl -, Br -} , I -, NO 3 -, BF 4 -, PF 6 -, N (CN) 2 -, SCN, ClO 4 -, AsF 6 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, ^{_{(CF 3 SO 2) 2 -}} , C (CF 2 SO 2) 3 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, (CF 3) 4PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P _{^{-, (CF 3 CF 2 SO}} 2 -) 2 N, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2 CO -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH ^- , (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C ^- , an anion such as CF ₃ (CF ₂ ) ₇ SO ₃ ^- , CF ₃ CO ₂ ^- , or CH ₃ CO ₂ ^- or a combination thereof. Preferably, the A ⁺ B ^- salt of the structure is a lithium salt.

This A ⁺ B ^- salt of the structure is dissolved or dissociated in an organic solvent. Examples of organic solvents include but are not limited to propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxy Diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), gamma-butyrolactone (? -Butyrolactone), or a mixture thereof .

The present invention also provides a battery module including the lithium ion secondary battery as a unit battery and a battery pack including the battery module. The battery pack may be used as a power source for devices requiring high temperature stability, long cycle characteristics, and high rate characteristics. Specific examples of the device include a power tool which is powered by an electric motor and moves; An electric vehicle including an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and the like; An electric motorcycle including an electric bike (E-bike) and an electric scooter (Escooter); An electric golf cart; And a power storage system, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Examples 1 to 4

Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ secondary particles, carbon black (Super P) and PVdF were mixed in a weight ratio shown in Table 1 below and mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent to prepare a slurry. The prepared slurry was coated on one surface of a copper current collector, dried and rolled, and then punched to a predetermined size to prepare a negative electrode. Next, LiNi _0.4 Mn _0.3 Co _0.3 O ₂ enka black and PVdF were mixed at a weight ratio of 91: 3.5: 5.5, and this was added to NMP to prepare a slurry. The slurry was coated on an aluminum foil, rolled and dried to prepare a positive electrode. As the electrolytic solution, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 30:70, and LiPF ₆ was added thereto to prepare a 1M LiPF ₆ nonaqueous electrolyte solution.

A pouch type mono cell was prepared by injecting the electrolyte solution between the anode and the cathode through a porous polyethylene separator.

Cathode composition division Cathode configuration
(Anode active material: conductive material: binder resin, weight ratio) Pore volume (cm ³ / g) Cathode loading (mhA / cm ² ) Pore volume X Loading amount Example 1 84: 6: 10 0.1 0.8 0.08 Example 2 84: 6: 10 0.1 1.1 0.11 Example 3 84: 6: 10 0.1 1.7 0.17 Example 4 84: 6: 10 0.1 2.0 0.2

Comparative Example

Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ primary particles, carbon black (Super P) and PVdF were mixed in a weight ratio of 84: 6: 10, and these were mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent to prepare a slurry. The prepared slurry was coated on one surface of a copper current collector, dried and rolled, and then punched to a predetermined size to prepare a negative electrode. Next, LiNi _0.4 Mn _0.3 Co _0.3 O ₂ enka black and PVdF were mixed at a weight ratio of 91: 3.5: 5.5, and this was added to NMP to prepare a slurry. The slurry was coated on an aluminum foil at a loading amount of ¹ mAh / cm &lt; ² &gt; and rolled and dried to prepare a positive electrode. As the electrolytic solution, ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 30:70, and LiPF ₆ was added thereto to prepare a 1M LiPF ₆ nonaqueous electrolyte solution. A pouch type mono cell was prepared by injecting the electrolyte solution between the anode and the cathode through a porous polyethylene separator.

Resistance measurement during charging and discharging

The batteries manufactured in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples were charged and discharged at a charging end voltage of 2.5 V and a discharge end voltage of 1.0 V at a charging / discharging density of 1 C, and the resistance of each battery was measured. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 respectively plot the resistance according to the SOC and the resistance according to the SOC during charging at the time of discharging.

According to the experimental results, the resistance of the batteries of Examples 1 and 2 was low in all the SOC sections, the resistance of the batteries of Examples 3 and 4 was higher than those of Examples 1 and 2 in the entire SOC range, It is confirmed that the rate of resistance increase is increased.

Meanwhile, FIG. 4 shows the result of plotting the resistance of the battery manufactured in Example 2 and Comparative Example according to the SOC during discharging. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the batteries of Example 2 and Comparative Example were similar in the loading amount of the negative electrode, but the batteries of Example 2 were superior in output to those of Comparative Example.

Claims (11)

And a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one side of the current collector and the current collector,
Wherein the negative active material layer comprises lithium titanium oxide represented by the following formula (1) as an anode active material,
Wherein the negative electrode active material comprises porous secondary particles in which primary particles of lithium titanium oxide are aggregated,
Wherein the negative electrode has a volume (cm ³ / g) of pores of the lithium-titanium oxide particle and a loading amount (mAh / m ² ) of the negative electrode active material on the collector satisfy the following relational expression 1:
[Chemical Formula 1]
Li _x Ti _y O _z M _w
In the above formula (1), M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, Sn, S, Be, Ge and Zn, and 0.5? A? 5, 1? B? 5, , 0? W < 0.1,
[Relation 1]
0.002? The volume of pores of lithium titanium oxide (cm ³ / g) x The amount of cathode loading (mAh / m ² )? 10.
The method according to claim 1,
The lithium titanium oxide represented by Formula 1 is Li _0.8 Ti _2.2 O ₄ , Li _2.67 Ti _1.33 O ₄ , Li _1.33 Ti _1.67 O ₄ , Li _1.14 Ti _1.71 O _4, Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ , and Li ₂ TiO ₃ .
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the lithium titanium oxide primary particles have a particle diameter (D ₅₀ ) of 0.01 탆 to 1 탆.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the lithium titanium oxide secondary particles have a particle diameter (D ₅₀ ) of 2 탆 to 20 탆.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the lithium titanium oxide primary particles are porous particles having a plurality of pores formed on the surface and the body of the primary particles.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the lithium titanium oxide secondary particles are porous particles having a plurality of pores formed on the surface and the body of the secondary particles.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the pores of the negative electrode active material layer include pores of primary particles, pores between primary particles, pores formed between primary particles and secondary particles, and pores formed between secondary particles.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the LTO has a content of glass primary particles not aggregated relative to 100 wt% of LTO of less than 30 wt%.
The method according to claim 1,
The LTO is in the volume of the pores will of 0.01cm ³ / g to about 1cm ³ / g, a lithium secondary battery negative electrode.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the negative electrode has a loading amount of the negative electrode active material of 0.2 mAh / cm ² to 10 mAh / cm ² .
A secondary battery comprising: a cathode and an anode; a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode; and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode comprises the cathode according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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