KR20140045871A - Improvement method of soil erosion resistance using biopolymer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly treatment method for improving resistance against soil erosion, a technique which uses a biopolymer generated from organisms. The method for improving the resistance against soil erosion includes a step of adding a high molecule viscous biopolymer to soil. The high molecule viscous biopolymer contains polysaccharide based or amino acid based biopolymers.

Description

Method for enhancing soil erosion resistance using biopolymer {IMPROVEMENT METHOD OF SOIL EROSION RESISTANCE USING BIOPOLYMER}

The present application relates to a method for enhancing soil erosion resistance, a composition for preventing soil erosion, and a building material or member for soil. Specifically, the present invention relates to an environment-friendly soil erosion suppression technique using a biopolymer which is a polysaccharide produced from an organism.

Geotechnical composition of soil, strictly speaking particle size distribution, water content, and organic content directly affect soil erosion [Bissonnais, 1996, "Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: I. Theory and methodology", European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 47, pp. 425-437]. Soil erosion is an important environmental issue today because it is directly or indirectly affected by desertification and climate change [Gisladottir and Stocking, 2005, "Land degradation control and its global environmental benefits", Land Degradation & Development, 16, pp. 99-112]. Currently, desertification with soil erosion is ongoing on one-third of the world's land, creating 12 million ha of new deserts each year and expanding the area [UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme, 2006, "Deserts & Drylands ", TUNZA the UNEP Magazine for Youth, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-24]. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity as well as disrupting ecosystems [Gisladottir and Stocking, 2005, "Land degradation control and its global environmental benefits", Land Degradation & Development, Vol. 16, 99-112]. Or development of technology that can be suppressed is urgent.

Conventional soil erosion suppression method has been mainly proposed to block the external factors (water or wind) causing erosion by installing a mesh (mesh or net) and the like on the soil surface [US Patent No. 3867250; US Patent No. 4041400; US Patent No. 4486120]. However, these external installation structures are limited in their performance and costly. Therefore, in recent years, techniques have been proposed to improve the soil resistance to erosion [US Patent No. 4466,67; U.S. Patent No. 5860770; US Patent No. 7407993]. However, these techniques are different from environmentally friendly ones because they rely on the method of injecting or spraying chemical products. Soil erosion is primarily characterized by the adverse effects of surface destruction and poor development (fire or grazing). Therefore, in order to effectively suppress soil erosion, the ecological environment of the soil should be restored.

On the other hand, the biopolymer is a high-molecular substance produced by living organisms, and refers to various kinds of high-molecular substances in which carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, and complexes thereof, are synthesized in the organism and secreted out of the body [Lee, Jin-Woo, 2001, "The Production of Gum Using Microorganisms," Microbes and Industry, Vol. 27, pp. 23-32. In particular, water-soluble or insoluble polysaccharides are representative biopolymers that are useful in humans, with at least 10 monosaccharides or derived monosaccharides being the most abundant in nature as polymers produced by glycosidic linkages. Unlike chemical synthetic polymers, they are environmentally friendly, and due to their functional characteristics such as gel formation, emulsion stability, surface tension control, water absorption, adhesion, lubrication, and biofilm formation, which are derived from structural properties, It is used as a main material in the field [Hong-geum Lee, 2001, "trend of biopolymer development from marine microorganisms", BioWave, Vol. 3, No. 4, Sub No. 7].

Such biopolymers, unlike petroleum-based synthetic polymers, are environmentally friendly materials and are free from environmental and social problems, and thus have the potential to be used as important material materials in the future.

Accordingly, the present application is to process the soil using biopolymers and to improve the structure and water condition of the soil through the interaction between the soil and the biopolymer, soil erosion resistance enhancement method and the composition for preventing soil erosion prepared by the method To provide.

However, the problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems described above, and other problems not described can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for enhancing soil erosion resistance, comprising adding a polymer viscous biopolymer to soil.

The second aspect of the present application is prepared by the soil erosion resistance enhancing method of the first aspect of the present application, and provides a composition for preventing soil erosion, comprising a polymer viscous biopolymer.

A third aspect of the present application provides an earth building material or member, which is prepared by the soil erosion resistance enhancing method of the first aspect of the present application, comprising a polymer viscous biopolymer.

According to the present application, it is possible to prepare an environment-friendly soil erosion prevention composition that does not depend on the method of blocking the erosion factor or a chemical-based chemical injection method using an existing network (mesh or net). Soil erosion resistance enhancement method using a biopolymer according to the present application has an excellent effect not only in the early stabilization of soil but also in the suppression of medium and long-term erosion. In particular, the main material used herein is a biopolymer, which is a hydrocarbon-based polymer material, which is environmentally friendly because it can minimize the impact on the groundwater or the soil ecosystem.

Therefore, the method of improving soil erosion resistance using the biopolymer according to the present application can be applied to various soil conservation fields, stabilization of embankment of rivers and waterfront spaces, stabilization of road and railway fillets, It can be effectively used in various fields such as large-scale farmland prevention and desertification prevention. Furthermore, the method for enhancing soil erosion resistance and the composition for preventing soil erosion according to the present application may be expected to have additional invention effects in accordance with the trend of full commercialization of biopolymers.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing the partition division for eco-friendly waterfront space composition using a biopolymer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Figure 2 shows a soil sample after a single rainfall simulation according to an embodiment of the present application. Untreated loess, xanthan gum treated loess, and beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan treated loess from the left.
Figure 3 shows an indoor experimental configuration for rainfall erosion simulation according to an embodiment of the present application.
Figure 4 shows a biopolymer treatment process through heat treatment according to an embodiment of the present application.
5 is a graph showing a result of measuring the strength of the biopolymer-treated soil (ocher) according to an embodiment of the present application.
Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of measuring the strength of the biopolymer-treated soil (sand) according to an embodiment of the present application.
Figure 7 shows the rapid cooling and curing conditions of the biopolymer-treated soil according to an embodiment of the present application.
8 is a graph showing the behavior under rapid cooling and curing conditions of the biopolymer-treated soil according to one embodiment of the present application.
9 shows a conceptual diagram of a method for manufacturing an environmentally friendly soil building material using a thermal gelling biopolymer according to one embodiment of the present application.
Figure 10 shows a conceptual diagram of the ground treatment method using a thermal gelling biopolymer according to an embodiment of the present application.
11 is a graph showing the bending strength of the building material using a biopolymer according to an embodiment of the present application.

Hereinafter, embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention.

It should be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein. In the drawings, the same reference numbers are used throughout the specification to refer to the same or like parts.

Throughout this specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it is not limited to a case where it is "directly connected" but also includes the case where it is "electrically connected" do.

Throughout this specification, when a member is "on " another member, it includes not only when the member is in contact with the other member, but also when there is another member between the two members.

Throughout this specification, when an element is referred to as "comprising ", it means that it can include other elements as well, without departing from the other elements unless specifically stated otherwise.

As used herein, the terms "about," " substantially, "and the like are used herein to refer to or approximate the numerical value of manufacturing and material tolerances inherent in the stated sense, Accurate or absolute numbers are used to prevent unauthorized exploitation by unauthorized intruders of the mentioned disclosure. Also, throughout the present specification, the phrase " step "or" step "does not mean" step for.

Throughout this specification, the term "combination (s) thereof " included in the expression of the machine form means a mixture or combination of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of the constituents described in the expression of the form of a marker, Quot; means at least one selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned elements.

Throughout this specification, the description of "A and / or B" means "A or B, or A and B".

Throughout this specification, the term "cationic aqueous solution" refers to an aqueous solution containing a cation, and may include, for example, an aqueous solution containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion, but may not be limited thereto. The alkali metal comprises a Group 1 metal consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, which may provide a monovalent cation, wherein the alkaline earth metal may provide a divalent cation, Be, Mg, Group 2 metals consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.

Throughout this specification, the term "Hwang-to" means yellowish or yellowish brown granite, in which fine grains of rock broken by weathering in the interior of the continent are blown off and stacked.

Throughout this specification, the term "soil" is used in the same sense as the soil.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for enhancing soil erosion resistance, comprising adding a polymer viscous biopolymer to soil.

Soil erosion is affected by soil moisture, particle size distribution, organic matter content and surface vegetation. In the case of a desert with severe soil loss, all of these conditions are poor, so to improve the resistance to soil erosion, it is necessary to improve the properties of the soil itself rather than blocking external factors. To this end, an environmentally friendly method is required to maintain soil moisture for a long time, increase the bonding strength (adhesive force) between soil particles, and to grow vegetation smoothly in the future. Existing chemical treatment methods focus only on primary soil strength improvement, and there is a lack of consideration of creating a vegetation environment to prevent permanent erosion.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the polymer viscous biopolymer may be used without limitation as long as it is a polymer material produced from an organism, but may not be limited thereto. The polymer viscous biopolymer may include a substance having glucose as a basic unit, and may be broadly classified into a polysaccharide and an amino-acid series. Biopolymers can be classified into high-molecular chains and gelation biopolymers according to their shape. For example, the high molecular chain biopolymer may include beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan (Polycan ^™ ), alpha glucan, curdlan, and the like. Wellan gum, gellan gum, gelant gum, Xanthan gum, Agar gum, Succinoglycan gum, and the like, but may not be limited thereto. The amino acid-based biopolymer may include chitosan, gamma fiji, and the like, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, the polymeric viscous biopolymer is about 20 parts by weight or less, for example, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of soil About 0.00001 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 1 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 0.5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.0001 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight About 0.01 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.05 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.1 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 1 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight Part, about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, or about 10 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, the polymer viscous biopolymer may be to expand the pores in the soil and increase the binding force between the soil particles, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil is performed by mixing the polymer viscous biopolymer with the soil, spraying on the surface of the soil, or injecting into the soil It may be, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, but may include adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil in a powder state, but may not be limited thereto. The polymer viscous biopolymer may be directly mixed with the soil, or may be coated with the polymer viscous biopolymer powder or suspension or aqueous solution to form a coating or injected into the soil, but is not limited thereto. You may not. In addition, after directly mixing the polymer viscous biopolymer with the soil, it may be installed on the surface of the target area, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, it may include adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil in an aqueous solution or a basic aqueous solution, but may not be limited thereto. For example, a suspension or an aqueous solution of the polymer viscous gelling polysaccharide biopolymer may be added as it is, or a salt may be added to the suspension or the aqueous solution of the biopolymer to prepare a basic aqueous solution, for example, a basic aqueous solution having a pH of about 9 or more. It may be added to the soil by lowering the viscosity, but may not be limited thereto. After the basic aqueous solution of the biopolymer is added to the soil, the acidic aqueous solution may be sprayed to promote aggregation of the infiltrating polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide biopolymer, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, after adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil, it may further include adding a cation of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, but may not be limited thereto. For example, a cation of an alkali metal such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ or an alkali earth metal such as Ca ^{2 +} , Mg ^{2 +} may be added to induce gelation of the biopolymer to form a solid biopolymer-soil mixture. However, this may not be limited.

In one embodiment of the present application, after adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil, it may further include adding an acidic aqueous solution or a cationic aqueous solution of pH about 5 or less, but is not limited thereto. Can be. The cationic aqueous solution may include, for example, an aqueous solution containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions.

Since the surface of the biopolymer used in the method for enhancing soil erosion resistance using the biopolymer according to the present invention is negatively charged, the addition of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions to the soil may further improve the bonding property with the soil. Can be.

In one embodiment of the present application, after adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil, may further include heating and cooling the soil, but may not be limited thereto. For example, the polymer viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil, and then sufficiently heated at about 80 ° C. to about 120 ° C., and then cooled to about 40 ° C. to about 60 ° C. or less to induce gelation of the biopolymer. This may not be limited.

In one embodiment of the present application, after the cooling, a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, for example, a cation of an alkali metal such as Na ⁺ , K ⁺ or an alkaline earth metal such as Ca ^{2 +} , Mg ^{2 +} It may further include adding, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, after spraying the polymer viscous biopolymer on the surface of the soil, may further include watering, acidic aqueous solution, and / or cationic aqueous solution, but may not be limited thereto. have. For example, an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of about 5 or less may be sprayed to strengthen the gel structure of the biopolymer in the soil, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, the polymer viscous biopolymer may be added to the soil in various ways as follows according to the type and purpose of the polymer viscous biopolymer used, but may not be limited thereto:

1. Method for Enhancing Soil Erosion Resistance Using Polymer Viscous Chain Polysaccharides

Polymeric viscous chain polysaccharide biopolymers are generally polymers having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da or more, and the fibers are entangled with each other in suspension or aqueous solution to show high viscosity. These polymer viscous chain polysaccharides have a property of binding well with soil particles, especially clay soil particles, due to the electrical properties of the surface. This mutual behavior can be used to enhance the soil stiffness and resistance to erosion by using polymer viscous chain polysaccharides. Soil erosion resistance enhancement method using a polymer viscous chain polysaccharide according to the present application is as follows.

1) Surface treatment by spraying

After spraying the powdery polymer viscous chain polysaccharide on the soil surface, the water is sprayed to induce penetration into the soil, and the hydrophilic polymer viscous chain polysaccharide is expanded and entangled with each other. It is a method of forming a biopolymer film.

A method of dissolving high-molecular viscous chain polysaccharides in water and spraying them on the soil surface in the form of a suspension or an aqueous solution of about 0.00001% to about 10%. The viscosity is controlled by varying the concentration of the suspension or aqueous solution according to the type of soil. It can facilitate infiltration, combine with soil upon infiltration to form a biopolymer-soil matrix, and increase the soil's stiffness as moisture dries.

2) surface layer mixing treatment

After mixing soil and polymer viscous chain polysaccharides and placing them on the surface to form a package or coating, the soil or transported soil is mixed with biopolymer and water to make a soil mixture. As a method of pouring on-site, specifically, the biopolymer is added at a ratio of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the dry weight of the soil, and water is about 10% to about 200 by weight of the soil, depending on the type of soil (sand or clay). After mixing the earth dough mixed in the ratio of% and pour the desired thickness on site. In some cases, a step of compacting the poured coating may be further performed.

Biopolymer-soil mixture soil by stirring or injecting powder or liquid biopolymer while stirring the soil with equipment such as plow or auger while stirring the surface of field soil and mixing with biopolymer. How to formulate.

3) Method using pressure

Scattering the slope soil due to pressure by spraying high pressure viscous chain polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution in the concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% on slopes (surfaces, etc.) that are difficult to surface-treat by spraying or premixing. At the same time it is a method of promoting the penetration of biopolymers to form a biopolymer-soil mixed soil coating on the slope.

Injecting a polymer viscous chain polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution having a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% into the ground at high pressure, using a pressure, penetrates and diffuses the biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution deeply into the soil. Create soil treatment ground.

In all of the above cases, the biopolymer-soil mixture soil is compacted after the composition of the biopolymer-soil mixture surface layer, and the adhesion of the biopolymer-soil mixture soil with the original layer is increased, and the rigidity and durability are simultaneously improved by increasing the density of the biopolymer-soil mixture soil. You can.

2. Method for Enhancing Soil Strength Using Polymer Viscous Gelation Polysaccharides

Polymeric viscous gelled polysaccharides refer to materials that show low viscosity in suspension or aqueous solution, but form a gel with high stiffness through chemical or heat treatment. Specifically, the following methods are suggested as ways to increase the strength.

1) Strengthening of Soil-Polymer Viscous Gelled Polysaccharide Soils by Chemical Treatment

After mixing about 0.0001% to about 5% of the polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide with the soil with the soil, and forming a mixed dough having a water content of about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clay) according to the type of soil A method of forming a solid soil-biopolymer mixture by inducing gelation of a biopolymer by adding a cation of an alkali metal (Na ⁺ , K ^+, etc.) or alkaline earth metal (Ca ^{2 +} , Mg ^2+, etc.) series.

2) Strengthening of Soil-Polymer Viscous Gelled Polysaccharide Mixture Soil Using Heat Treatment

After mixing about 0.0001% to about 5% of the polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide with the soil with the soil, and forming a mixed dough having a water content of about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clay) according to the type of soil This is sufficiently heated to about 80 ℃ to about 120 ℃ condition and then cooled to about 40 ℃ to about 60 ℃ or less to form a gel to form a solid soil-biopolymer mixed soil.

Alternatively, the polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution at a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% is sufficiently heated to about 80 ° C. to about 120 ° C., followed by soil and water content in the range of about 10% (sand) to about 200% (clay). Cooling while mixing with soil in the conditions to induce gel formation at a temperature of about 40 ℃ to about 60 ℃ or less to form a solid soil-biopolymer mixed soil.

In both cases, when the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal material shown in 2-1 is added, a stronger soil-biopolymer mixed soil may be formed.

3. Method for Improving Durability of Soil Using Polymer Viscous Gelation Polysaccharides

Polymeric viscous gelled polysaccharide biopolymers generally exhibit low viscosity in an untreated neutral (pH about 7) suspension or aqueous solution, but form gels with high stiffness through chemical or thermal treatment. These polymer viscous gelled polysaccharides combine well with soil particles, especially clay soil particles, due to the electrical properties of the surface to form a robust soil-biopolymer matrix. By using this mutual behavior, it is possible to enhance the soil stiffness and resistance to erosion by using a polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide. The specific form is as follows.

1) Surface treatment by spraying

After spraying the powdery polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide onto the soil surface, the water is sprinkled to induce penetration into the soil and at the same time, it causes the hydrophilic polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide to swell and coagulate with each other. A film can be formed.

In this case, there are three ways to live. First, there is a method of using pure (neutral or weakly alkaline) water, and second, the first spraying water uses pure water and the second spraying water sprays an acidic or cationic aqueous solution of low pH (pH about 5 or less) There is a method of promoting aggregation of the infiltrated polymer viscous gelling polysaccharides. Finally, an acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution is directly sprayed.

A method of dissolving a high-molecular viscous gelled polysaccharide in water and spraying it on the soil surface in the form of a suspension or an aqueous solution of about 0.00001% to about 10% concentration. The viscosity is controlled by varying the concentration of the suspension or the aqueous solution according to the type of soil. It is easy to infiltrate, combine with soil upon infiltration to form soil-biopolymer matrix, and increase the soil's stiffness as the moisture dries.

In this case, three suspension or aqueous solution sprinkling methods exist. First, to spray the biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution as it is, second, to increase the pH by adding salt to the biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution (pH about 9 or more) to lower the viscosity of the suspension or the aqueous solution and then to spray to increase the permeability in the ground Third, the first polymer was sprayed with an aqueous solution of a polymer suspension or aqueous solution having a pH of about 9 or higher added to a salt, and then sprinkled with an acidic aqueous solution having a low pH (pH of about 5 or less) with a second spray. There is a method for promoting aggregation of the sex gelled polysaccharides.

2) surface layer mixing treatment

A method of pre-mixing soil and high-molecular viscous gelled polysaccharides and placing them on the surface to form a package or coating, wherein the soil or transported soil is viscous gelled polysaccharide biopolymer, neutral or alkaline water (pH about 6 to about 13) by mixing with the soil to make a soil mixture (mixture) and then to the site, specifically, the biopolymer is added in a ratio of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the dry weight of the soil, water is the type of soil (sand or Clay composition) is a method of pouring the soil to the desired thickness after the composition of the clay dough mixed in a ratio of about 10% to about 200% by weight of the soil. After pouring, a low pH acidic aqueous solution (pH up to about 5) or a cationic aqueous solution can be sprayed onto the surface to induce penetration to enhance the gel structure of the viscous gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil.

By stirring the surface of the field soil and mixing it with the biopolymer at the same time, while spraying the soil with equipment such as a plow or auger, spraying the biopolymer in powder or liquid state (pH about 7 to about 13) Or it is a method of forming a soil-biopolymer mixed soil during injection. After mixing and stirring, a low pH acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution may be sprayed on the surface to induce penetration, thereby strengthening the gel structure of the viscous gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil.

3) Method using pressure

High pressure spraying high viscosity viscous gelled polysaccharide suspensions or aqueous solutions (pH about 6 to about 13) in concentrations of about 0.00001% to about 10% for slopes (surfaces, etc.) that are difficult to surface-treat using spraying or premixing It is a method of forming a soil-biopolymer mixed soil coating on slopes by promoting disturbance of slope soils and simultaneously penetration of biopolymers. After sparging, a low pH acidic aqueous solution (pH up to about 5) or a cationic aqueous solution may be sprayed on the surface to strengthen the gel structure of the viscous gelled biopolymer in the mixed soil coating.

Using a pressure to grout the polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution (pH about 6 to about 13) to the ground at a high pressure of about 0.00001% to about 10%, It is a method of penetrating and diffusing to form soil-biopolymer treated ground. After the injection, an additional low pH acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) or a cationic aqueous solution may be further injected to strengthen the gel structure of the viscous gelled biopolymer of the soil-biopolymer mixed soil in the soil.

In all of the above cases, the soil-biopolymer mixture surface was compacted and then compacted to improve adhesion to the original layer of the soil-biopolymer mixture soil, as well as to increase the density of the soil-biopolymer mixture soil, thereby improving rigidity and durability. You can.

4. Method for Improving Penetration of Dirt Viscous Biopolymers in Soil

Polymeric viscous chain polysaccharide biopolymers are generally polymers having a molecular weight of about 10,000 Da or more, and the fibers are entangled with each other in a neutral or acid (pH up to about 7) suspension or in an aqueous solution to show high viscosity. In particular, the viscous chain-type polysaccharides having a negative charge on the surface has a characteristic of increasing viscosity as the pH is lowered. Polymeric viscous chain polysaccharide biopolymers, on the other hand, swell due to high hydrophilicity and become very viscous suspensions or aqueous solutions.

Thus, in order to increase the permeability of the polymer viscous biopolymer in the soil, the viscosity must be lowered. To this end, the present application proposes the following methods.

1) Method using chemical treatment

Increasing the pH of the polymer viscous chain or gelled polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution at a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% results in a lower viscosity. Injecting low-viscosity biopolymer suspensions or aqueous solutions into the ground by spraying or pressure can improve penetration or diffusion into the ground.

After sprinkling or injecting a basic polymer viscous chain polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution into the soil, additionally spraying or injecting a low pH acidic aqueous solution (pH of about 5 or less) to the viscous chain biopolymer in the soil-biopolymer mixed soil. Aggregation and viscous gelling may be promoted between the biopolymers.

2) using physical processing

A bead mill or the like can be used to lower the viscosity of the polymer viscous chain polysaccharide biopolymer solution, and the tangled polysaccharide chains can be released by stirring the solution using the beads at a rate of about 10,000 ppm or more.

In addition, the polymer viscous chain polysaccharide biopolymer solution may be collided at high pressure (about 150 bar or more) to release physically entangled polysaccharide chains. Polycan ^TM , a chain polysaccharide biopolymer solution, has a viscosity of about 1,000 cps. When it is collided with a homogenizer to about 200 bar, the viscosity decreases to about 30 cps, and a liquid of about 30 cps is removed. Collision again reduces the viscosity to about 16 cps.

Viscous properties in soil-biopolymer mixed soils by mixing or injecting a physically low-viscosity polymer viscous chain polysaccharide biopolymer with soil, followed by additional spraying or injection of a low pH acidic aqueous solution (pH below 5) or a cationic aqueous solution Aggregation between chained biopolymers can be enhanced.

3) How to use heat treatment

Sufficient heating of the polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide suspension or aqueous solution at a concentration of about 0.00001% to about 10% to about 80 ° C. to about 120 ° C. lowers the viscosity of the biopolymer suspension or aqueous solution. When the mixture is mixed or injected into the soil at a high temperature, it cools naturally and forms a gel at a temperature of about 40 ° C. to about 60 ° C. or less to form a solid soil-biopolymer mixed soil.

In one embodiment of the present application, the biopolymer may be added to the soil in various ways for various purposes in various target areas as follows, but may not be limited thereto:

1.Surface coating method using polymer viscous polysaccharide biopolymer

1-1. Method using spraying or sprinkling

By spraying the biopolymer suspension directly onto the surface, it can be easily applied to slopes or slopes as well as flat, diluting solid or liquid biopolymers in certain proportions, and pumps, transfer tubes and nozzles. It sprays by using, and it is a method of forming a coating | coating by binding with soil particle, while a biopolymer suspension penetrates into the ground by gravity.

1-2. Method using wet mixing and spreading method

It is a method of forming a biopolymer mixture soil through pre-mixing, and then laying it in a target area and forming a coating having a specific thickness through compaction. This method has the advantage of forming a homogeneous coating on the site, and through the compaction to increase the adhesion to the base.

The method consists of a device for diluting solid and liquid biopolymers at a certain rate and laying them at the same time, and a compaction device for spreading and laying of soil. The compaction device can be either roller or vibratory.

This method can improve the coating power of the coating surface in parallel with 1-1. This method is useful when a large amount of on-site soil is available on site.

1-3. Dry mix and spray method

This method is applicable when the surface soil is dried, such as a dry area, is a method of dry mixing the dry soil and the powdered biopolymer in the field immediately after spraying water to form a coating.

2. Protection of farmland or pasture using high-molecular viscous polysaccharide biopolymers

Changes in land use due to farming and grazing are the leading causes of soil loss. Therefore, biopolymer treatment technology can be used very effectively for suppressing soil loss of farmland and stockland.

2-1. Grinding Paddy Fields Using Polymer Viscous Polysaccharide Biopolymers

When plowing cropland before sowing, plowing is performed with biopolymer powder or suspension. In general, pre-sowing farmland has a hard surface, so spraying the biopolymer suspension in advance can improve the working efficiency of the plowing, and can also increase the resistance to erosion of the whole farmland as the top soil and biopolymer are evenly mixed. .

Alternatively, a method may be proposed in which a direct injection nozzle is attached to the head of the plow to plow and at the same time a biopolymer suspension is supplied from the tip to enhance local efficiency.

2-2. Farm or Pasture Protection by Aircraft

In recent years, modern agriculture has been increasing the use of pesticides and herbicides in the case of large farms or pastures. Therefore, in order to improve soil erosion resistance using the biopolymer proposed in the present invention, a technique of spraying a biopolymer suspension using an aircraft may be proposed as needed even in farming and pasture.

3. Environment-friendly Waterfront Space Using Polymer Viscous Polysaccharide Biopolymer

Waterside spaces are adjacent to water, so there is always a possibility of water erosion. Therefore, the improvement of the soil using biopolymers in the construction of waterside space is expected to reduce the overall soil loss.

4. Coastal Soil Protection Using Polymer Viscous Polysaccharide Biopolymers

It can be used for coastal ground protection such as coastal white sand and coastal sand dunes using biopolymer treatment.

5. Environment-friendly Waterfront Space Using Polymer Viscous Polysaccharide Biopolymer

Biopolymers are environmentally friendly and biodegradable over time, resulting in extremely low water and water ecosystem disturbances when applied to the waterfront compared to conventional cement or chemical materials. Active utilization in the furtherance is expected. The general shape of the river and waterside space is shown in FIG. It is usually divided into a bank (B), a ciliary site (C) inside the bank, and a periphery (A) outside the bank to prevent flooding. As a method for creating an environment-friendly waterfront space, the present invention performs the following implementation method for each space.

A (ambient space): All methods of method 1 can be applied depending on site conditions.

Soil erosion resistance enhancement method using a biopolymer according to the present application can be applied as an environmentally friendly soil reinforcement method using a biopolymer in the surrounding ground to suppress the back erosion due to river dredging and water level change.

B (bank): Applicable to method 1-1 or 1-3

As an alternative to the concrete blocks or sandstones used for the embankment and the revetment wall, the soil erosion resistance enhancement method using the biopolymer according to the present application can be applied as a dike and revetment method using the biopolymer mixture soil.

In addition, the soil erosion resistance enhancement method according to the present application can be applied as a bank surface coating method using a biopolymer in order to suppress the water penetration into the embankment at high or flood level.

C (Fixed ground): All methods of method 1 can be applied depending on site conditions

The soil erosion resistance enhancement method according to the present application can be applied as a method for improving the soil erosion resistance using biopolymers to suppress irregular soil erosion such as partial erosion of the inflow portion or gully on the flat (coriander) due to river inflow. have.

According to the method for enhancing soil erosion resistance using the biopolymer of the present application, it is possible to prepare an environment-friendly soil erosion prevention composition that does not depend on the erosion factor blocking method or the chemical-based chemical injection method using an existing network (mesh or net). In addition, the method for enhancing soil erosion resistance according to the present application is to treat soil using representative biopolymers that are environmentally friendly and beneficial to the human body, and improve the structure and water condition of soil through interaction between soil and biopolymers, thereby preventing resistance to erosion. Can be improved.

The second aspect of the present application provides a composition for preventing soil erosion, which is prepared by the method for enhancing soil erosion resistance of the first aspect of the present application, and includes a polymer viscous biopolymer.

In one embodiment of the present application, it may include about 20 parts by weight or less of the polymer viscous biopolymer with respect to about 100 parts by weight of soil, but may not be limited thereto. For example, the polymer viscous biopolymer may have about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 1 parts by weight. About 0.00001 parts by weight to about 0.5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.0001 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.05 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight About 0.1 to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.5 to about 20 parts by weight, about 1 to about 20 parts by weight, about 5 to about 20 parts by weight, or about 10 to about 20 parts by weight It may be included as a portion, but may not be limited thereto.

A third aspect of the present application provides an earth building material or member, which is prepared by the soil erosion resistance enhancing method of the first aspect of the present application, comprising a polymer viscous biopolymer.

The strength and durability enhancement effect of the soil using the biopolymer according to the present application can be utilized in the field of construction and building materials using the soil. In particular, biopolymer blending ensures higher strength and durability than soil-based soil construction (walls or columns, etc.), and biodegradation of organic materials when compared to traditional methods such as straw. It can overcome the problem of deterioration of functionality due to), and has the advantage that the construction of high environmentally friendly construction compared to the method using chemical additives (gypsum, cement, etc.). The soil building material and member may include, for example, a wall, floor, brick, block, board, panel, and the like, but may not be limited thereto. The member means a construction subsidiary material.

In general, the soil construction is a form of mixing the natural soil with water to secure workability, and then molded into a brick or block form, or directly applied to the wall or floor. In this case, in order to improve the strength and durability of the wall or flooring material, a method of adding fibers such as straw or mixing chemical additives is used. Soil wall construction method using the biopolymer according to the present application is different from the existing method.

In one embodiment of the present application, the soil may include one selected from the group consisting of fine (clay), granulated (sand), and combinations thereof, but may not be limited thereto.

In one embodiment of the present application, about 100 parts by weight of soil may include about 20 parts by weight or less, but may not be limited thereto. For example, the polymer viscous biopolymer may be about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight, based on about 100 parts by weight of soil. 0.00001 parts by weight to about 1 part by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 0.5 parts by weight, about 0.00001 parts by weight to about 0.1 parts by weight, about 0.0001 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.05 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.1 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 0.5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 1 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight, about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, or About 10 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, but may not be limited thereto.

The composition for preventing soil erosion according to the second aspect of the present application and the soil building material or the member according to the third aspect of the present application have not been described in detail with respect to portions overlapping with the first aspect of the present application. The description of the aspects may be equally applied even if the descriptions thereof are omitted in the second and third aspects of the present disclosure.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the following Examples are only provided to help understanding of the present application, and the contents of the present application are not limited to the following Examples.

[Example]

Example 1 Soil Erosion Resistance Measurement Using Biopolymer

Various indoor experiments were conducted to verify the soil erosion inhibitory effect of the biopolymer. In this embodiment, beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan-based liquid product (8.9 g / L beta glucan content; glucan) was used as the polymer-chain biopolymer material, and the gelation polymer was used as the gelation polymer. Xanthan gum (Sigma-Aldrich; CAS 1138-66-2) in pure powder form, which is widely used as a food curing agent, was used. The main feature of xanthan gum is its stability at various temperature and pH conditions.

The basic method for carrying out the invention was to measure the soil loss amount in each case by mixing the soil with the biopolymer and reproducing rainfall conditions, to evaluate the resistance to the soil erosion in general. Specific details are as follows:

1. Erosion Resistance to Repeated Rainfall of Biopolymer Treated Soils

In the present embodiment, a granite residue (ocher), which is a main component of Halloysite: Al ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ (OH) ₄ , which is a representative soil of Korea, was used as a representative soil sample. After the natural drying, the clay was ground to a size of 0.07 mm to 0.15 mm, and then dried at 110 ° C. to remove residual organic material.

In this regard, Figure 2 shows the foreground of the soil sample after a single rainfall simulation according to this embodiment. Untreated loess, xanthan gum treated loess, and beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan treated loess from the left. As shown in FIG. 2, three sample plates (A, B, and C) were prepared and filled with 2,000 g of soil, respectively, A was 1,200 g (60% by weight of soil), B was 1,200 g of liquid phase. Beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan (0.5% beta glucan to soil weight ratio), C, 10 g of powdered xanthan gum and 1,200 g of distilled water were mixed uniformly with soil, respectively.

For rainfall simulation, a watering machine as shown in FIG. 3 was used, and the angle of the sample plate was set to 20 ° C. Figure 3 shows the indoor experimental configuration for rainfall erosion simulation according to this embodiment. The total weight of the sample plate was measured before rainfall simulation, and the volume and mass of the effluent slurry were collected after 500 mL of rainfall simulation. After rainfall simulation, the total weight of the sample plate was measured to calculate the amount of soil absorption. The outflow slurry was dried immediately to derive soil erosion based on the mass difference before and after drying. Rainfall simulation was carried out in a two-day cycle for a total of 10 times.

The soil loss according to each rainfall simulation is shown in Table 1.

Table 2 shows the results of converting the loss amount by the number of rainfall in Table 1 to the cumulative loss rate (%) relative to the initial total soil weight (2,000 g).

As a result, the biopolymer-treated soil had a cumulative loss rate of less than 1.5% for a total of 10 rainfall simulations, whereas the soil without any treatment was lost 21% of soil. In particular, among the biopolymers, beta-1,3 / 1,6-glucan had a cumulative loss rate of only 0.1%, indicating that resistance to erosion was significantly higher.

2. Erosion resistance against concentrated rainfall of biopolymer treated soil

In order to verify the erosion resistance to high intensity rainfall other than the periodic rainfall, samples of concentrations A, B, and C were prepared under the same conditions as the experiments to determine the erosion resistance against repeated rainfall of the biopolymer treated soil. . For intensive rainfall, 500 mL of rainfall was sprinkled 15 times at 10 minute intervals, and the total sample weight and soil loss before and after the rainfall were measured as above.

The cumulative loss rate (%) of soil by intensive rainfall simulation is shown in Table 3.

Comparing the results of Table 2 and Table 3, it can be seen that the cumulative loss rate of the soil that has not been treated under intensive rainfall conditions is significantly increased (21.2 → 31.8; based on 10 cumulative rainfall). What was unusual was the fact that biopolymer-treated soils still had high resistance to concentrated rainfall (less than 1%).

As a result, it was confirmed that the biopolymer treatment drastically increased the resistance to soil sedimentation for both repetitive and concentrated rainfall conditions.

Example 2: Polymer Viscous Gelled Polysaccharide Biopolymer-Soil Mixing Using Heat Treatment

Regardless of the type of soil, in order to mix the polymer viscous gelled biopolymer and soil using thermal gelation, an aqueous solution of the polymer viscous gelled polysaccharide biopolymer and soil at high temperature were prepared. The powdered biopolymer was dissolved in a solvent (water) at a high temperature (80 ° C.), and then mixed with the heated soil to prevent premature gelation due to rapid temperature drop during mixing. An important point in forming a high temperature aqueous solution of biopolymer is that the concentration of the biopolymer (solvent-to-solvent) must be properly adjusted. Typically, agar absorbs water equivalent to 20 times its mass due to hydrophilic at room temperature, and its solubility increases with increasing temperature. It is desirable to formulate high temperature solutions up to 10% (10 g / 100 mL) for agar and up to 3% (3 g / 100 mL) for gellan gum, because further powders are not completely soluble in water. Because it does not.

The high temperature gelled biopolymer solution was uniformly mixed with high temperature soil, and mixed with soil such as ocher (viscosity soil type) at 60% (solution weight to soil weight) or less, and sand soil at 30% or less. After mixing, it may be molded to a desired purpose and then cooled in air or water. The summary of this process is as shown in FIG.

Example 3: Cooling and Curing Methods of Thermally Gelled Biopolymer-Soil Compositions

Various indoor viscous thermal gelled polysaccharide biopolymer-soil specimens were prepared and measured for strength using clay and sand under room conditions. For each soil, the agar and gellan gum contents were blended at 1% and 3% of the soil weight, respectively. For the ocher, the initial water / soil mixture ratio was 60%, and in the case of sand, the water / soil mixture ratio was 30%. The strength of the specimen subjected to natural cooling and air curing in the air after mixing is as shown in FIGS. 5 (ocher) and 6 (sand). According to the results of FIGS. 5 and 6, it can be seen that the compressive strength of the soil is significantly increased by the thermal gelling biopolymer mixture. In particular, in the case of ocher it was confirmed that the maximum strength reaches 12 MPa to form a very hard soil composition. This shows that both agar and gellan gum are negatively charged, forming tighter bonds with ocher particles that carry surface charges.

However, in the case of the ocher specimens subjected to natural cooling and air curing in air, up to 20% of the dry shrinkage (volumetric strain) behavior was found to solve this problem. The specimens were cooled in cold water by rapid cooling of the specimens (3% agar and 3% gellan gum) immediately after blending and molding as in the procedure of FIG. 4 (FIG. 7). As a result of air curing the specimen after sufficient cooling, it was confirmed that the final dry shrinkage was reduced to 10% or less. Therefore, it was confirmed that the initial gelation of the biopolymer-soil composition is very important to prevent dry shrinkage, and various methods, such as cold water, refrigerant, cold air, and refrigeration, may be applied.

Finally, in order to confirm the behavior of rapid cooling and underwater curing conditions, the specimens were immediately submerged in water and subjected to long-term underwater curing. The long-term submerged and saturated soils have little compressive strength, while the thermally gelled biopolymer-treated soils show compressive strengths of 50 kPa to 200 kPa even under 28-day immersion conditions. It can be seen that the composition is effective (FIG. 8). The peculiarity is that the volume change is close to 0% for rapid cooling and aquatic curing. As a result, it was confirmed that the thermal gelling biopolymer can be used as a very stable ground injection and treatment agent because there is no volume change in the application of water and submerged state.

Example 4: Durability Review for Water

In order to examine the water resistance of the thermally gelled biopolymer treated soil, re-immersion and strength measurements were performed on the most sensitive conditions, natural cooling and air curing specimens. Two months after curing, the specimens were immersed in water for one week. At 7 days after immersion, the compressive strength and volume expansion rate were evaluated.

In the case of 3% agar treated soil, the final strength of the dry state was 12 MPa, which was lowered to 600 kPa after immersion, and in the case of 3% treated gellan gum, the dry strength was lowered to 500 kPa after immersion at 10 MPa. Showed. It is important to note that in all cases, the specimens retained their original shape, with slight volume expansion due to water absorption (see Table 4).

In this regard, Figure 9 shows a conceptual diagram of a method for manufacturing environmentally friendly soil building material using a thermal gelling biopolymer according to an embodiment of the present application. In the method shown in FIG. 9, when the soil building material (wall, panel, brick, etc.) is manufactured using a thermal gelling biopolymer, a high strength and high durability building material can be realized. Thermal gelling is characterized by low viscosity at temperatures above 80 ° C and the formation of highly viscous Gel-matrices when cooled below 40 ° C. It is important not to lose high temperatures until. Therefore, the soil and the aqueous solution of biopolymers are respectively heated and mixed at a specific temperature (for example, 80 ° C.) or higher, and the biopolymer-soil mixture thus formed is poured into a molding mold, and then cooled. Various shapes can be realized according to the mold. After being poured into the mold, it is hardened while cooling to 40 ° C. or lower. In this case, it can be hardened by natural cooling in air or by metal cooling using water or other refrigerant. In the case of the thermal gelled biopolymer according to the present embodiment, the water permeability is very low, so it was confirmed that the soil structure is not disturbed even when soaked in water initially. I can make it.

Overall, the biopolymer-soil composition according to the present embodiment can be confirmed that the durability against water is excellent. Therefore, the present technology can be applied in the form of injecting or stirring a high temperature biopolymer solution directly into the ground for the purpose of ordering and shielding the ground or other reinforcement. The specific implementation method is the same as FIG.

Example 5: Strength Review of Biopolymer Mixed Soil Building Materials (Panels)

In order to examine the feasibility of biopolymer-treated soil as a building material, 15 mm thick panel specimens were made using the most widely used soil in soil construction, and flexural strength of each panel was tested by the standard test method (KS F 3504). strength) was measured.

For comparison, the flexural strengths were compared for the condition of no additives, 10% gypsum soil, and 0.5% and 1.0% of beta-glucan and xanthan gum, respectively. The results are shown in Fig.

As shown in FIG. 11, the bending strength of the untreated soil was less than 100 kPa, and no significant increase was observed even when 10% gypsum was mixed, whereas the polymer viscous biopolymer according to the present embodiment was used. The mixed specimens showed a marked increase in flexural strength. In general, when it is included in the 0.5% weight ratio, the strength of about 200 kPa is shown, and when it is included in the 1% weight ratio, it has been confirmed that the bending strength is close to 400 kPa. Based on this, the soil construction and the construction using the polymer viscous biopolymer The use of materials is considered to be a good alternative to overcome the low strength and low durability problems of conventional soil construction.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing description of the embodiments is for illustrative purposes and that those skilled in the art can easily modify the invention without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention .

Claims (19)

A method of enhancing soil erosion resistance comprising adding a polymeric viscous biopolymer to the soil.
The method according to claim 1,
The polymer viscous biopolymer comprises a polysaccharide-based or amino acid-based biopolymer, soil erosion resistance enhancement method.
3. The method of claim 2,
The polysaccharide-based polymer viscous biopolymer comprises a polymer chain biopolymer or a gelled biopolymer, soil erosion resistance enhancement method.
The method according to claim 1,
The polymer viscous biopolymer includes a substance having glucose as a monomer, and includes beta glucan, alpha glucan, xantham gum, gellan gum, wellan, agar, succinoglycan, curdlan, and A method for enhancing soil erosion resistance, comprising one selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein said polymeric viscous biopolymer comprises one selected from the group consisting of chitosan, gamma fiji a (γPGA), and combinations thereof.
The method according to claim 1,
Soil erosion resistance enhancement method comprising adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to 20 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of soil.
The method according to claim 1,
The polymer viscous biopolymer is to expand the pores in the soil, and to increase the bonding force between the soil particles, soil erosion resistance enhancement method.
The method according to claim 1,
Adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil is performed by mixing the polymer viscous biopolymer with the soil, spraying on the surface of the soil, or injecting the soil into soil. .
The method according to claim 1,
A method of enhancing soil erosion resistance comprising adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to soil in an aqueous or basic aqueous solution.
The method according to claim 1,
To increase the soil erosion resistance comprising adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil in powder form.
The method according to claim 1,
Adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil, and then adding a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
The method according to claim 1,
After adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil, further comprising the addition of an acidic aqueous solution or cationic aqueous solution, soil erosion resistance enhancement method.
The method according to claim 1,
After adding the polymer viscous biopolymer to the soil, further comprising heating and cooling the soil, soil erosion resistance enhancement method.
14. The method of claim 13,
After the cooling, further comprising adding a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
The method of claim 8,
After spraying the polymer viscous biopolymer on the surface of the soil, further comprising spraying water, acidic aqueous solution, and / or cationic aqueous solution, soil erosion resistance enhancement method.
It is prepared by the soil erosion resistance enhancement method of any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising a polymer viscous biopolymer, the composition for preventing soil erosion.
17. The method of claim 16,
To 20 parts by weight or less of the polymer viscous biopolymer with respect to 100 parts by weight of soil, the composition for preventing soil erosion.
A soil building material or member prepared by the method for promoting soil erosion resistance according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and comprising a polymer viscous biopolymer.
19. The method of claim 18,
A soil building material or member comprising 20 parts by weight or less of the polymer viscous biopolymer relative to 100 parts by weight of soil.

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