KR20090004653A - Digital broadcasting system and method of processing data in digital broadcasting system - Google Patents

Abstract

A digital broadcasting system and a data processing method are provided to be strong against an error when transmitting mobile service data through a channel, and receive the mobile service data without an error. A demodulator demodulates a scalable video stream of each layer among received broadcast signals. A demultiplexer(8001) classifies the demodulated video stream of a base layer with reference to program table information. The demultiplexer classifies a video stream of at least one higher layer according to a preset condition. A decoder(8002) performs video decoding of a video stream of at least one layer which is classified and outputted in the demultiplexer.

Description

Digital broadcasting system and method of processing data in digital broadcasting system

The present invention relates to a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for transmitting and receiving digital broadcasting.

In the digital broadcasting, VSB (Vestigial Sideband) transmission method adopted as a digital broadcasting standard in North America and Korea is a single carrier method, so the reception performance of the receiving system may be degraded in a poor channel environment. In particular, in the case of a portable or mobile broadcast receiver, since the robustness against channel change and noise is further required, when the mobile service data is transmitted through the VSB transmission method, the reception performance is further deteriorated.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method that are resistant to channel variation and noise.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for improving the reception performance of a reception system by performing additional encoding on mobile service data and transmitting the same to a reception system.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for improving the reception performance of a reception system by inserting and transmitting known data known by a promise of a transmission / reception side into a predetermined area of a data area. Is in.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method for providing video scalability in a mobile broadcasting service.

In order to achieve the above object, a transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a service multiplexer and a transmitter. The service multiplexer may multiplex the mobile service data and the main service data at a preset data rate and transmit them to the transmitter. The transmitter may perform additional encoding on mobile service data transmitted from the service multiplexer, and collect a plurality of mobile service data packets on which encoding is performed to form a data group. The transmitter may multiplex a mobile service data packet including mobile service data and a main service data packet including main service data in packet units and transmit the packet to a receiving system.

The data group may be divided into a plurality of areas according to the degree of interference of the main service data. Long known data streams may be inserted periodically in an area free of interference of the main service data. A receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention may use the known data stream for demodulation and channel equalization.

A reception system of a digital broadcasting system according to another embodiment of the present invention may include a signal receiver, a demodulator, a demultiplexer, and a decoder. The signal receiver includes a base layer and at least one upper layer, and receives a broadcast signal including a scalable video stream for a mobile service having a different identifier for each layer. The demodulator demodulates a scalable video stream of each layer among the received broadcast signals. The demultiplexer classifies and outputs a video stream of the demodulated base layer with reference to program table information, and classifies and outputs a video stream of at least one upper layer according to a preset condition. The decoder decodes a video stream of at least one layer that is divided and output from the demultiplexer.

The demultiplexer determines whether an input video stream is a scalable video stream for a mobile service by referring to information included in a virtual channel table (VCT) among the program table information, and refers to an identifier of each identified video stream. The video streams of the layers may be divided and output for video decoding.

The demultiplexer may divide a video stream of at least one higher layer according to whether video decoding is possible and then output the video stream for video decoding.

The VCT may include at least information for identifying whether an input video stream is a scalable video stream for a mobile service and layer information of a corresponding video stream.

The demultiplexer determines whether an input video stream is a scalable video stream for a mobile service by referring to information included in a program map table (PMT) among the program table information, and references the identifier of each identified video stream. The video streams of the layers may be divided and output for video decoding.

The PMT may include at least information for identifying whether an input video stream is a scalable video stream for a mobile service and layer information of a corresponding video stream.

A data processing method of a reception system according to another embodiment of the present invention comprises a broadcast signal including a scalable video stream for a mobile service, which is composed of a base layer and at least one upper layer and has a different identifier for each layer. Receiving, demodulating a scalable video stream of each layer of the received broadcast signal, distinguishing and outputting the video stream of the demodulated base layer with reference to program table information, at least one according to a predetermined condition And dividing and outputting a video stream of a higher layer, and video decoding the video stream of at least one layer that is separated and output.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The digital broadcasting system and the data processing method according to the present invention have the advantage of being resistant to errors and compatible with existing receivers when transmitting mobile service data through a channel.

The present invention has the advantage that the mobile service data can be received without error even in a ghost and noisy channel.

The present invention can improve the reception performance of the reception system in an environment with a high channel change by inserting and transmitting known data in a specific position of the data area.

The present invention can reduce the power of the reception system by multiplexing the mobile service data into the parade structure when multiplexing the mobile service data with the main service data.

According to the present invention, a scalable video service can be supported on a mobile service, and the amount of computation of the video decoder can be reduced by allowing the demultiplexer of the reception system to select and select scalable video data of each layer.

The present invention is more effective when applied to portable and mobile receivers in which channel variation is severe and robustness to noise is required.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention that can specifically realize the above object will be described. At this time, the configuration and operation of the present invention shown in the drawings and described by it will be described as at least one embodiment, by which the technical spirit of the present invention and its core configuration and operation is not limited.

Definition of terms used in the present invention

The terms used in the present invention were selected as widely used general terms as possible in consideration of the functions in the present invention, but may vary according to the intention or custom of the person skilled in the art or the emergence of new technologies. In addition, in certain cases, there is a term arbitrarily selected by the applicant, and in this case, the meaning will be described in detail in the corresponding description of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the terms used in the present invention should be defined based on the meanings of the terms and the general contents of the present invention rather than the names of the simple terms.

Among the terms used in the present invention, the main service data is data that can be received by the fixed receiving system and may include audio / video (A / V) data. That is, the main service data may include A / V data of a high definition (HD) or standard definition (SD) level, and may include various data for data broadcasting. Known data is data known in advance by an appointment of the transmitting / receiving side.

Among the terms used in the present invention, MPH is the first letter of each of mobile, fedestrian, and handheld, and is a concept opposite to a fixed form. The MPH service data includes at least one of mobile service data, fedestrian service data, and handheld service data. For convenience of description, the MPH service data includes mobile service data. Also called. In this case, the mobile service data may include not only the MPH service data but also any service data indicating movement or portability, and thus the mobile service data will not be limited to the MPH service data.

The mobile service data defined as described above may be data having information such as a program execution file, stock information, or the like, or may be A / V data. In particular, the mobile service data may be A / V data having a smaller resolution and a smaller data rate than the main service data as service data for a portable or mobile terminal (or broadcast receiver). For example, if the A / V codec used for the existing main service is an MPEG-2 codec, the MPEG-4 codec that has better image compression efficiency as the A / V codec for mobile services. AVC (Advanced Video Coding), SVC (Scalable Video Coding), or the like may be used. In addition, any kind of data may be transmitted as the mobile service data. For example, TPEG (Transport Protocol Expert Group) data for broadcasting traffic information in real time may be transmitted as mobile service data.

In addition, data services using the mobile service data include weather services, transportation services, securities services, viewer participation quiz program, real-time polls, interactive educational broadcasting, game services, drama plot, characters, background music, shooting location, etc. Informational services, information on past sports history, profile and performance of athletes, and information on programs by media, time, or subject that enables product information and ordering. Etc., but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The transmission system of the present invention enables the multiplexing of main service data and mobile service data on the same physical channel without any influence on receiving main service data from an existing receiving system (backward compatible).

The transmission system of the present invention performs additional encoding on mobile service data and inserts and transmits data that is known in advance to both the transmitting and receiving sides, that is, known data.

When the transmission system according to the present invention is used, the reception system enables mobile reception of mobile service data, and also enables stable reception of mobile service data against various distortions and noises generated in a channel.

MPH frame structure

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mobile service data is multiplexed with the main service data in units of MPH frames, and then modulated in a VSB scheme and transmitted to the receiving system.

In this case, one MPH frame may consist of K1 subframes, and one subframe may consist of K2 slots. In addition, one slot may consist of K3 data packets. In the present invention, K1 is set to 5, K2 is set to 16, and K3 is set to 156 according to one embodiment. The values of K1, K2, and K3 presented in the present invention are preferred embodiments or simple examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above numerical values.

1 illustrates an embodiment of an MPH frame structure for transmitting and receiving mobile service data according to the present invention. 1 shows an example in which one MPH frame consists of five subframes and one subframe consists of 16 slots. In this case, one MPH frame includes five subframes and 80 slots.

One slot consists of 156 data packets (ie, transport stream packets) at the packet level and 156 data segments at the symbol level. Or half of the VSB field. That is, since one data packet of 207 bytes has the same amount of data as one data segment, the data packet before data interleaving can be used as the concept of the data segment.

At this time, two VSB fields are combined to form one VSB frame.

2 illustrates an example of a VSB frame structure, in which one VSB frame includes two VSB fields (ie, odd field and even field). Each VSB field consists of one field sync segment and 312 data segments.

The slot is a basic time period for multiplexing the mobile service data and the main service data. One slot may include mobile service data or may consist only of main service data.

If one MPH frame is transmitted during one slot, the first 118 data packets in the slot correspond to one data group, and the remaining 38 packets become the main service data packet. As another example, if there is no data group in one slot, the slot consists of 156 main service data packets.

On the other hand, when allocating the slots to the VSB frame, it has an offset in its position.

3 shows an example of mapping of the first four slot positions of a subframe to a VSB frame in a spatial domain. 4 shows an example of mapping of the first four slot positions of a subframe to one VSB frame in the time domain.

3 and 4, the 38 th data packet (# 37) of the first slot (Slot # 0) is mapped to the first data packet of the odd VSB field and the 38 th data of the second slot (Slot # 1). Packet # 37 is mapped to the 157th data packet of the order VSB field. In addition, the 38th data packet (# 37) of the third slot (Slot # 2) is mapped to the first data packet of the even VSB field, and the 38th data packet (# 37) of the fourth slot (Slot # 3) is It is mapped to the 157th data packet of the even VSB field. Similarly, the remaining 12 slots in that subframe are mapped in the same way to subsequent VSB frames.

Meanwhile, one data group may be divided into one or more layered areas, and the type of mobile service data inserted into each area may vary according to characteristics of each layered area. For example, each region in the data group may be classified based on reception performance in the data group.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, one data group is divided into A, B, C, and D regions in a data configuration after data interleaving.

FIG. 5 is a diagram in which data after data interleaving is arranged separately, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged part of the data group of FIG. 5 for better understanding of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram in which data before data interleaving is arranged separately, and FIG. 8 is an enlarged part of the data group of FIG. 7 for better understanding of the present invention. That is, the data structure as shown in FIG. 5 is transmitted to the receiving system. In other words, one data packet is data interleaved and distributed to several data segments and transmitted to a receiving system. 5 shows an example in which one data group is distributed to 170 data segments. In this case, since one data packet of 207 bytes has the same amount of data as one data segment, the packet before data interleaving may be used as a concept of a segment.

5 shows an example of dividing a data group into 10 MPH blocks (MPH blocks B1 to B10) in the data configuration after data interleaving. Each MPH block has a length of 16 segments. In FIG. 5, the first five segments of the MPH block B1 and the five segments after the MPH block B10 allocate only RS parity data to a portion of the data group, and exclude the data from the A region and the D region of the data group.

That is, assuming that one data group is divided into A, B, C, and D areas, each MPH block may be included in any one of areas A to D according to characteristics of each MPH block in the data group. . At this time, according to an embodiment of the present invention, each MPH block is included in any one of the A region and the D region according to the interference level of the main service data.

Here, the reason why the data group is divided into a plurality of areas is used for different purposes. That is, an area where there is no or little interference of the main service data may exhibit stronger reception performance than an area that is not. In addition, in case of applying a system for inserting and transmitting known data known to the data group by the transmission / reception side's appointment, when a long continuous data is to be inserted periodically in the mobile service data, It is possible to periodically insert known data of a certain length into an area where service data does not interfere (that is, an area where main service data does not mix). However, it is difficult to periodically insert known data into the area where the main service data interferes with the interference of the main service data, and also to insert long known data continuously.

The MPH blocks B4 to MPH blocks B7 in the data group of FIG. 5 show an example in which long known data strings are inserted before and after each MPH block as areas without interference of main service data. In the present invention, the MPH blocks B4 to MPH blocks B7 will be referred to as an A region (= B4 + B5 + B6 + B7). As described above, in the case of the region A having the known data sequence back and forth for each MPH block, the receiving system can perform the equalization using the channel information obtained from the known data, thereby providing the strongest equalization performance among the regions A to D. You can get

In the data group of FIG. 5, the MPH block B3 and the MPH block B8 are regions in which main service data has little interference, and a long known data string is inserted into only one side of both MPH blocks. That is, due to the interference of the main service data, the long known data string may be inserted in the MPH block B3 only after the MPH block, and the long known data string may be inserted in the MPH block B8 only in front of the MPH block. In the present invention, the MPH block B3 and the MPH block B8 will be referred to as a B region (= B3 + B8). As described above, in the case of the B area having only one known data sequence for each MPH block, the receiving system can perform equalization using channel information obtained from the known data, which is more robust than the C / D area. You can get performance.

The MPH blocks B2 and MPH blocks B9 in the data group of FIG. 5 have more interference of the main service data than the area B, and both MPH blocks cannot insert a long known data stream back and forth. In the present invention, the MPH block B2 and the MPH block B9 will be referred to as a C region (= B2 + B9).

The MPH blocks B1 and MPH blocks B10 in the data group of FIG. 5 have more interference of the main service data than the C region, and likewise, both MPH blocks cannot insert a long known data stream back and forth. In the present invention, the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B10 will be referred to as a D region (= B1 + B10). Since the C / D region is far from the known data stream, the reception performance may be poor when the channel changes rapidly.

7 shows an example in which 118 packets are allocated to one data group as a data structure before data interleaving. The data group of FIG. 7 includes 37 packets forward based on a reference packet when allocating to a VSB frame, for example, the first packet (or data segment) or the 157th packet (or data segment) after field synchronization, An embodiment of configuring 118 packets including 81 packets (including the reference packet) to the rear is shown.

That is, with reference to FIG. 5, field synchronization is located between MPH block B2 and MPH block B3, which means that the slot has an offset of 37 data packets for the corresponding VSB field.

The size of the data group described above, the number of layered regions in the data group and the size of each region, the number of MPH blocks included in each region, the size of each MPH block, and the like are just one embodiment for describing the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the examples described above.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a data group allocation order allocated to one subframe among five subframes constituting the MPH frame. For example, the method of allocating data groups may be equally applied to all MPH frames or may be different for each MPH frame. In addition, the same may be applied to all subframes in one MPH frame, or may be differently applied to each subframe. In this case, it is assumed that the data group allocation is equally applied to all subframes in the MPH frame, and the number of data groups allocated to one MPH frame is a multiple of five.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of consecutive data groups are allocated as far apart from each other as possible in a subframe. This makes it possible to respond strongly to burst errors that can occur within one subframe.

For example, assuming that three groups are allocated to one subframe, the first slot (Slot # 0), the fifth slot (Slot # 4), and the ninth slot (Slot # 8) in the subframe are allocated. do. FIG. 9 shows an example of allocating 16 data groups to one subframe by applying such an allocation rule. As shown in FIG. It can be seen that the slots are allocated to 16 slots in the order of 14,3,11,7,15.

Equation 1 below expresses a rule for allocating data groups to one subframe as described above.

j = (4i + O) mod 16

Where O = 0 if i <4,

        O = 2 else if i <8,

        O = 1 else if i <12,

        O = 3 else.

In addition, j is a slot number in one subframe and may have a value between 0 and 15. I is a group number and may have a value between 0 and 15.

In the present invention, a collection of data groups included in one MPH frame will be referred to as a parade. The parade transmits data of one or more specific RS frames according to the RS frame mode.

Mobile service data in one RS frame may be allocated to all of the A / B / C / D areas in the data group or may be allocated to at least one of the A / B / C / D areas. According to an embodiment of the present invention, mobile service data in one RS frame is allocated to all of the A / B / C / D areas or only to one of the A / B areas and the C / D areas. That is, in the latter case, the RS frame allocated to the A / B area in the data group and the RS frame allocated to the C / D area are different. In the present invention, for convenience of description, the RS frame allocated to the A / B area in the data group is called a primary RS frame, and the RS frame allocated to the C / D area is referred to as a secondary RS frame. frame). The primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame form one parade. That is, if the mobile service data in one RS frame are all allocated to the A / B / C / D areas in the data group, one parade transmits one RS frame. In contrast, if the mobile service data in one RS frame is allocated to the A / B area in the data group and the mobile service data in the other RS frame is allocated to the C / D area in the data group, Up to RS frames can be transmitted.

That is, the RS frame mode indicates whether one parade transmits one RS frame or two RS frames.

Table 1 below shows an example of an RS frame mode.

RS Frame mode Description 00 There is only a primary RS Frame for all Group Regions 01 There are two separate RS Frames-Primary RS Frame for Group Region A and B-Secondary RS Frame for Group Region C and D 10 Reserved 11 Reserved

In Table 1, 2 bits are allocated to indicate an RS frame mode. Referring to Table 1, when the RS frame mode value is 00, one parade transmits one RS frame. If the RS frame mode value is 01, one parade is two RS frames, that is, primary RS. Indicates that a frame (Primary RS frame) and a secondary RS frame (Secondary RS frame) is transmitted. That is, when the RS frame mode value is 01, data of the primary RS frame for region A / B for the A / B region is allocated to the A / B region of the data group and transmitted, and the C / D The data of the secondary RS frame for region C / D for the region indicates that the data is allocated to the C / D region of the corresponding data group and transmitted.

Like the data group allocation, the parades may be allocated as far apart from each other as possible in the subframe. This makes it possible to respond strongly to burst errors that can occur within one subframe.

The parade allocation method may be applied differently to each MPH frame based on the MPH frame, and may be equally applied to all MPH frames. In addition, the same may be applied to all subframes in one MPH frame, or may be differently applied to each subframe. The present invention may vary for each MPH frame, and the present invention may be equally applied to all subframes in one MPH frame. In other words, the MPH frame structure may vary in units of MPH frames, which makes it possible to adjust the ensemble data rate frequently and flexibly.

10 is a diagram illustrating an example of allocating a single parade to one MPH frame. That is, FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment when a single parade having a number of data groups included in one subframe is assigned to one MPH frame.

Referring to FIG. 10, if three data groups are sequentially allocated to one subframe in four slot periods, and this process is performed for five subframes in the corresponding MPH frame, 15 data groups are allocated to one MPH frame. do. The 15 data groups are data groups included in one parade. Therefore, one subframe is composed of four VSB frames, but one subframe includes three data groups. Therefore, one VSB frame among four VSB frames in one subframe is not assigned a data group of the corresponding parade. Do not.

For example, suppose that one parade transmits one RS frame, RS encoding is performed in a later RS frame encoder for the RS frame, and 24 bytes of parity data is added to the RS frame. In this case, the parity data occupies about 11.37% (= 24 / (187 + 24) x 100) of the length of all RS code words. Meanwhile, when three data groups are included in one subframe, and 15 data groups form one RS frame when data groups in one parade are allocated as shown in FIG. 10, one data is generated due to burst noise generated in a channel. Even if all of the groups had errors, the proportion would be 6.67% (= 1/15 x 100). Therefore, in the receiving system, all errors can be corrected by erausre RS decoding. That is, since erasure RS decoding can correct channel errors as many as the number of RS parities, all byte errors less than or equal to the number of RS parities in one RS codeword can be corrected. This allows the receiving system to correct errors in at least one data group in one parade. As such, the minimum burst noise length correctable by a RS frame is over 1 VSB frame.

Meanwhile, when data groups for one parade are allocated as shown in FIG. 10, main service data may be allocated between the data group and the data group, or data groups of another parade may be allocated. That is, one MPH frame may be assigned data groups for a plurality of parades.

Basically, the allocation of data groups for multiple parades is no different than for a single parade. That is, the data groups in the other parade allocated to one MPH frame are also allocated in four slot periods.

In this case, the data group of another parade may be allocated in a circular manner from a slot to which the data group of the previous parade is not allocated.

For example, assuming that data group allocation for one parade is performed as shown in FIG. 10, the data group for the next parade is allocated from the 12th slot in one subframe. This is one embodiment, and for example, the data group of the next parade may be sequentially assigned to another slot, for example, the third slot to the four slot period, in one subframe.

FIG. 11 shows an example of transmitting three parades (Parade # 0, Parade # 1, Parade # 2) in one MPH frame, and in particular, parade transmission of one subframe among five subframes constituting the MPH frame. An example is shown.

If the first parade includes three data groups per subframe, the positions of the groups in the subframe can be obtained by substituting 0 to 2 for the i value of Equation 1 above. That is, data groups of the first parade are sequentially allocated to the first, fifth, and ninth slots (Slot # 0, Slot # 4, Slot # 8) in the subframe.

If the second parade includes two data groups per subframe, the positions of the groups in the subframe can be obtained by substituting 3 to 4 into the i value of Equation 1 above. That is, data groups of the second parade are sequentially allocated to the second and twelfth slots #Slot # 11 in the subframe.

In addition, if the third parade includes two groups per subframe, the positions of the groups in the subframe can be obtained by substituting 5 to 6 into the i value of Equation 1 above. That is, data groups of the third parade are sequentially allocated to the seventh and eleventh slots (Slot # 6 and Slot # 10) in the subframe.

As described above, data groups for a plurality of parades may be allocated to one MPH frame, and data group allocation in one subframe is performed serially from left to right with a group space of 4 slots.

Therefore, the number of groups of one parade per a sub-frame (NOG) that may be allocated to one subframe may be any one of integers from 1 to 8. At this time, since one MPH frame includes five subframes, this means that the number of data groups of one parade that can be allocated to one MPH frame may be any one of multiples of 5 to 40. do.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which the allocation process of the three parades of FIG. 11 is extended to five subframes in one MPH frame.

Schematic description of the transmission system

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a transmission system for applying the present invention having the above-described structure, and may include a service multiplexer 100 and a transmitter 200.

Here, the service multiplexer 100 is located in a studio of each broadcasting station, and the transmitter 200 is located in a site away from the studio. In this case, the transmitter 200 may be located in a plurality of different areas. In one embodiment, the plurality of transmitters may share the same frequency, in which case the plurality of transmitters all transmit the same signal. In the receiving system, the channel equalizer can then recover the original signal by compensating for the signal distortion caused by the reflected wave. In another embodiment, the plurality of transmitters may have different frequencies for the same channel.

Various methods may be used for data communication between the service multiplexer and each transmitter located at a remote location, and as an example, an interface standard such as Synchronous Serial Interface for transport of MPEG-2 data (SMPTE-310M) may be used. . In the SMPTE-310M interface standard, the output data rate of the service multiplexer is determined to be a constant data rate. For example, it is set at 19.39 Mbps for 8VSB, and 38.78 Mbps for 16VSB. In addition, the conventional 8VSB type transmission system can transmit a transport stream (TS) packet having a data rate of about 19.39 Mbps on one physical channel. In the transmitter according to the present invention having backward compatibility with the existing transmission system, the mobile service data is further encoded and then multiplexed in the form of the main service data and the TS packet, and the data of the multiplexed TS packet is transmitted. The rate is about 19.39 Mbps.

In this case, the service multiplexer 100 receives at least one type of mobile service data and program specific information (PSI) / program and system information protocol (PSIP) table data for each mobile service, respectively, and transports a transport stream (TS) packet. Encapsulation. In addition, the service multiplexer 100 receives at least one kind of main service data and PSI / PSIP table data for each main service and encapsulates them into TS packets. Subsequently, the TS packets are multiplexed according to a preset multiplexing rule and output to the transmitter 200.

Service multiplexer

FIG. 14 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the service multiplexer. The controller 110 controls overall operation of the service multiplexer, a PSI / PSIP generator 120 for a main service, and a mobile service. The PSI / PSIP generator 130 may include a null packet generator 140, a mobile service multiplexer 150, and a transport multiplexer 160.

The transport multiplexer 160 may include a main service multiplexer 161 and a transport stream (TS) packet multiplexer 162.

Referring to FIG. 14, at least one type of compressed coded main service data and PSI / PSIP table data generated by the PSI / PSIP generator 120 for the main service may include a main service multiplexer of the transport multiplexer 160. 161). The main service multiplexer 161 encapsulates input main service data and PSI / PSIP table data in the form of MPEG-2 TS packets, respectively, and multiplexes these TS packets to form a TS packet multiplexer 162. Will output The data packet output from the main service multiplexer 161 will be referred to as a main service data packet for convenience of description.

In addition, at least one type of compressed-coded mobile service data and PSI / PSIP table data generated by the PSI / PSIP generator 130 for the mobile service are input to the mobile service multiplexer 150.

The mobile service multiplexer 150 encapsulates input mobile service data and PSI / PSIP table data in the form of MPEG-2 TS packets, respectively, and multiplexes these TS packets to form a TS packet multiplexer 162. Will output The data packet output from the mobile service multiplexer 150 will be referred to as a mobile service data packet for convenience of description.

In this case, identification information is required for the transmitter 200 to process the main service data packet and the mobile service data packet separately. The identification information may use a predetermined value by an appointment of a transmitting / receiving side, may be configured as separate data, or may be used by modifying a value of a predetermined position in the data packet.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, different PIDs (Packet Identifiers) may be allocated to the main service data packet and the mobile service data packet.

In another embodiment, by modifying the sync byte in the header of the mobile service data packet, the sync byte value of the corresponding service data packet may be used to distinguish. For example, the sync byte of the main service data packet outputs the value defined in ISO / IEC13818-1 (for example, 0x47) without modification, and the sync byte of the mobile service data packet is modified and outputted. The data packet and the mobile service data packet can be distinguished. On the contrary, by modifying the sync byte of the main service data packet and outputting the sync byte of the mobile service data packet as it is, the main service data packet and the mobile service data packet can be distinguished.

There may be various ways to modify the sync byte. For example, the sync byte may be inverted bit by bit or only some bits may be inverted.

As such, any identification information capable of distinguishing the main service data packet from the mobile service data packet may be used. Thus, the present invention will not be limited to the above-described embodiments.

Meanwhile, the transport multiplexer 160 may use the transport multiplexer used in the existing digital broadcasting system. That is, in order to transmit the mobile service data multiplexed with the main service data, the data rate of the main service is limited to a data rate of (19.39-K) Mbps, and the K Mbps corresponding to the remaining data rate is allocated to the mobile service. This allows you to use the transport multiplexer that is already in use without changing it.

The transport multiplexer 160 multiplexes the main service data packet output from the main service multiplexer 161 and the mobile service data packet output from the mobile service multiplexer 150 to transmit to the transmitter 200.

However, there may occur a case where the output data rate of the mobile service multiplexer 150 is not K Mbps. In this case, the mobile service multiplexer 150 multiplexes and outputs null data packets generated by the null packet generator 140 such that the output data rate is K Mbps. That is, the null packet generator 140 generates a null data packet and outputs it to the mobile service multiplexer 150 in order to constantly adjust the output data rate of the mobile service multiplexer 150.

For example, if the service multiplexer 100 allocates K Mbps of 19.39 Mbps to mobile service data and allocates the remaining (19.39-K) Mbps to main service data, the service multiplexer 100 is actually assigned. The data rate of the mobile service data multiplexed at &lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; This is because, in the case of the mobile service data, the amount of data is increased by performing additional encoding in a pre-processor of the transmitter. As a result, the data rate of mobile service data that can be transmitted by the service multiplexer 100 becomes smaller than K Mbps.

For example, the preprocessor of the transmitter performs encoding at least 1/2 code rate on the mobile service data, so that the amount of output data of the preprocessor is more than twice the amount of input data. Therefore, the sum of the data rate of the main service data multiplexed in the service multiplexer 100 and the data rate of the mobile service data is always less than or equal to 19.39 Mbps.

In this case, in order to adjust the final output data rate output from the service multiplexer 100 to a constant data rate (for example, 19.39 Mbps), the null packet generator 140 generates a null data packet by a data rate that is short. To the mobile service multiplexer 150.

Then, the mobile service multiplexer 150 encapsulates the input mobile service data and PSI / PSIP table data in the form of MPEG-2 TS packets, respectively, and multiplexes the TS packets and null data packets. Output to the packet multiplexer 162.

The TS packet multiplexer 162 multiplexes the main service data packet output from the main service multiplexer 161 and the mobile service data packet output from the mobile service multiplexer 150 to the transmitter 200 at a 19.39 Mbps data rate. send.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mobile service multiplexer 150 receives a null data packet. This is only one embodiment. In another embodiment, the TS packet multiplexer 162 receives a null data packet and adjusts the final data rate to a constant data rate. The output path and the multiplexing rule of the null data packet are controlled by the controller 110. The controller 110 controls the multiplexing and null packet generators 140 in the mobile service multiplexer 150, the main service multiplexer 161 of the transport multiplexer 160, and the TS packet multiplexer 162. Control the generation of null data packets.

At this time, the transmitter 200 discards the null data packet transmitted from the service multiplexer 100 without transmitting it to the receiving system.

In order to discard the null data packet without transmitting the transmitter 200, identification information for distinguishing the null data packet is required. The identification information for distinguishing the null data packet may use a value predetermined by an appointment of the transmitting / receiving side or may be configured as separate data. For example, the sync byte value in the header of the null data packet may be modified to be used as identification information, or a transport_error_indicator flag may be used as identification information.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the transport_error_indicator flag of a header in a null data packet is used as identification information for distinguishing a null data packet. In this case, the transport_error_indicator flag of the null data packet is set to 1, and the transport_error_indicator flag of all data packets other than the null data packet is reset to 0 to distinguish the null data packet. That is, when the null packet generator 140 generates a null data packet, if the transport_error_indicator flag is set to '1' in the field of the header of the null data packet and transmitted, the transmitter 200 may separate the discard packet.

The identification information for distinguishing the null data packet may be any one capable of distinguishing the null data packet, and thus the present invention will not be limited to the above-described embodiments.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a transmission parameter in at least a portion of the null data packet, or at least one table of a PSI / PSIP table for a mobile service, or an Operations and Maintenance (OM) packet (or OMP). May be included. In this case, the transmitter 200 extracts the transmission parameter and outputs the transmission parameter to the corresponding block, and transmits the transmission parameter to the receiving system if necessary.

That is, a packet called OMP (Operations and Maintenance Packet) is defined for the purpose of operation and management of the transmission system. As an example, the OMP follows the format of an MPEG-2 TS packet and its PID has a value of 0x1FFA. The OMP consists of a header of 4 bytes and a payload of 184 bytes. The first byte of the 184 bytes indicates the type of the OM packet as the OM_type field.

In the present invention, the transmission parameter may be transmitted in an OMP format. In this case, the transmitter 200 may inform the transmitter 200 that the transmission parameter is transmitted to the OMP using a predetermined value among unused field values of the OM_type field. That is, the transmitter 200 may find the OMP by looking at the PID, and parse the OM_type field in the OMP to determine whether the transmission parameter is included after the OM_type field of the corresponding packet.

The transmission parameter is additional information necessary for processing mobile service data in a transmission / reception system. For example, the transmission parameter includes data group information, region information in a data group, block information, RS frame information, and super frame information. , MPH frame information, parade information, ensemble information, SCCC (Serial Concatenated Convolution Code) related information, RS code information, and the like. The meaning of each information in the transmission parameter is described in detail above, information not described in detail above will be described in detail later.

In addition, the transmission parameter includes information on how signals in a symbol region are encoded to transmit mobile service data, and multiplexing information on how to be multiplexed between main service data and mobile service data or various types of mobile service data. May be included.

The information included in the transmission parameter is only one embodiment for better understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment because addition and deletion of information included in the transmission parameter can be easily changed by those skilled in the art. Will not.

In addition, the transmission parameters may be provided from the service multiplexer 100 to the transmitter 200, or the transmitter 200 itself may be set by a controller (not shown) or received externally.

transmitter

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitter 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The controller 200, the demultiplexer 210, a packet jitter mitigator 220, and a pre-processor may be used. A processor 230, a packet multiplexer 240, a post-processor 250, a sync multiplexer 260, and a transmission unit 270.

When the data packet is received from the service multiplexer 100, the demultiplexer 210 must distinguish whether the received data packet is a main service data packet, a mobile service data packet, or a null data packet.

In one embodiment, the demultiplexer 210 may distinguish between the mobile service data packet and the main service data packet using a PID in the received data packet, and may distinguish a null data packet using a transport_error_indicator field.

The main service data packet separated by the demultiplexer 210 is output to the packet jitter reducer 220, the mobile service data packet is output to the preprocessor 230, and the null data packet is discarded. If the null data packet includes a transmission parameter, the null data packet is discarded after the transmission parameter is extracted and output to the corresponding block.

The preprocessor 230 may be located at any specific location according to the purpose of data to be transmitted on the additional encoding and transmission frame for the mobile service data in the mobile service data packet which is demultiplexed and output from the demultiplexer 210. Perform the data group formation process to make it possible. This is to allow the mobile service data to respond quickly and strongly to noise and channel changes. The preprocessor 230 may refer to the transmission parameter in further encoding. In addition, the preprocessor 230 collects a plurality of mobile service data packets to form a data group, and allocates known data, mobile service data, RS parity data, MPEG header, and the like to a predetermined region in the data group.

Preprocessor in the transmitter

16 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the preprocessor 230 according to the present invention, in which an MPH frame encoder 301, a block processor 302, a group formatter 303, a signaling encoder 305, and a packet are shown. It may include a formatter 305.

The MPH frame encoder 301 in the preprocessor 230 configured as described above forms a RS frame after data randomizing the mobile service data input from the demultiplexer 210, and performs encoding for error correction in units of RS frames. do. The MPH frame encoder 301 may include one or more RS frame encoders. That is, the RS frame encoder may be provided in parallel by the number of parades in the MPH frame. As mentioned above, an MPH frame is a basic time period for transmitting one or more parades. Each parade is made of one or two RS frames.

17 is a conceptual block diagram showing an embodiment of the MPH frame encoder 301. The MPH frame encoder 301 is an input demux 309 and M RS frame encoders 310 to 31M-1. ), And an output mux 320. Where M is the number of parades in one MPH frame.

The demultiplexer 309 separates the input ensemble, determines an RS frame to which the separated ensemble is input, and outputs the separated ensemble as a corresponding RS frame. In this case, the ensemble may be mapped to each RS frame encoder or parade. For example, if one parade is composed of one RS frame, the ensemble, RS frame, and parade may be mapped 1: 1.

That is, data in one ensemble constitutes one RS frame. One RS frame is divided into a plurality of data groups. At this time, according to the RS frame mode of Table 1, the data in one RS frame may be allocated to all of the A / B / C / D region in the plurality of data groups, or may be allocated to the A / B region or C / D region have.

If the RS frame mode value is 01, that is, if the data of the primary RS frame is allocated to the A / B area in the data group and the data of the secondary RS frame is allocated to the C / D area in the data group, each RS The frame encoder forms a primary RS frame and a secondary RS frame for each parade. On the contrary, if the RS frame mode value is 00, that is, a mode in which the data of the primary RS frame is allotted to the A / B / C / D areas in the data group, each RS frame encoder is one RS frame for each parade, Form a primary RS frame.

Each RS frame encoder also separates each RS frame into a plurality of portions. Each portion of the RS frame corresponds to the amount of data that can be transmitted by one data group. The multiplexer 320 multiplexes the portions of the M RS frames 310 to 31M-1 and outputs them to the block processor 302.

For example, if one parade transmits two RS frames, the portions of primary RS frames in M RS frames 310-31M-1 are multiplexed and output, and the portions of secondary RS frames are multiplexed. Is sent.

The demultiplexer 309 and the multiplexer 320 operate according to a control signal of the controller 200. The control unit 200 may provide the necessary FEC modes to each RS frame encoder. Examples of the FEC mode include an RS code mode and the like, which will be described in detail later.

18 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of one RS frame encoder of a plurality of RS frame encoders in the MPH frame encoder.

One RS frame encoder may include a primary encoder 410 and a secondary encoder 420. Here, the secondary encoder 420 may or may not operate according to the RS frame mode. For example, if the RS frame mode is 00 as shown in Table 1, the secondary encoder 420 does not operate.

The primary encoder 410 may include a data randomizer 411, an RS-CRC encoder 412, and an RS frame divider 413. The secondary encoder 420 may include a data randomizer 421, an RS-CRC encoder 422, and an RS frame divider 423.

That is, the data randomizer 411 of the primary encoder 410 receives and renders the mobile service data of the primary ensemble output from the demultiplexer 309 and outputs it to the RS-CRC encoder 412. In this case, by performing the rendering on the mobile service data in the data randomizer 411, the data rendering 251 of the post processor 250 may omit the rendering process on the mobile service data. The data randomizer 411 may perform randomizing by discarding sync bytes in the mobile service data packet. Alternatively, rendering may be performed without discarding the sync byte, which is a designer's option. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the rendering is performed without discarding the sync byte in the corresponding mobile service data packet.

The RS-CRC coder 412 forms a primary RS frame by encoding a Forward Error Correction (FEC) using at least one of a Reed-Solomon (RS) code and a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code to a rendered primary ensemble. The RS frame divider 413 is then output.

That is, the RS-CRC encoder 412 configures an RS frame by collecting a plurality of randomized and input mobile service data packets, and performs at least one of an error correction encoding process and an error detection encoding process in units of RS frames. Do this. This makes it possible to cope with extremely poor and rapidly changing propagation environment by giving robustness to mobile service data and distracting clustering errors that can be caused by the propagation environment change.

In addition, the RS-CRC encoder 412 may configure a super frame by collecting a plurality of RS frames, and perform row permutation in units of super frames. The row permutation is also referred to as row interleaving, and in the present invention, it is referred to as row mixing for convenience of description.

That is, when the RS-CRC encoder 412 mixes each row of the super frame with a predetermined rule, the positions of the rows before and after row mixing in the super frame are changed. When the row mixing is performed in the unit of the super frame, even if a large amount of error occurs in a single RS frame to be decoded, the errors are distributed in the entire super frame, so that these errors are distributed throughout the super frame. The decryption ability is improved.

In the RS-CRC coder 412, RS correction is applied to RS coding, and error detection encoding is applied to cyclic redundancy check (CRC) coding. Parity data to be used for error correction is generated when the RS encoding is performed, and CRC data to be used for error detection is generated when CRC encoding is performed.

The CRC data generated by the CRC encoding may be used to indicate whether mobile service data is damaged by an error while being transmitted through a channel. The present invention may use other error detection encoding methods in addition to CRC encoding, or may increase the overall error correction capability at the receiving end by using an error correction encoding method.

In this case, the RS-CRC encoder 412 is set in advance and RS frame configuration, RS encoding, CRC with reference to the transmission parameters provided through the control unit 200 and / or the transmission parameters provided by the service multiplexer 100 Encoding, super frame composition, row mixing in units of super frames may be performed.

19 is a diagram illustrating a process in which one or two RS frames are divided into a plurality of portions according to an RS frame mode value, and each portion is allocated to a corresponding region in a corresponding data group.

That is, FIG. 19A illustrates a case in which the RS frame mode is 00. In FIG. 18, only the primary encoder 410 operates to form one RS frame for one parade. One RS frame is divided into a plurality of portions, and the data of each portion is allocated to the A / B / C / D region in the corresponding data group.

FIG. 19B illustrates a case in which the RS frame mode is 01. In FIG. 18, both the primary encoder 410 and the secondary encoder 420 operate to operate two RS frames, that is, a primary RS frame for one parade. And a secondary RS frame. The primary RS frame is also divided into a plurality of potions, and the secondary RS frame is also divided into a plurality of potions. In this case, data of each primary RS frame portion is allocated to the A / B region in the corresponding data group, and data of each secondary RS frame portion is allocated to the C / D region in the corresponding data group.

RS  Detailed description of the frame

20 (a) shows an example of an RS frame generated by the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the present invention.

In one embodiment, the length of a column (ie, the number of rows) is determined to be 187 bytes in one RS frame, and the length of the row (ie, the number of columns) is N bytes.

In this case, N, the number of columns in one RS frame, is determined according to Equation 2 below.

는 X 이하의 가장 큰 정수이다. In Equation 2, NoG is the number of data groups allocated to one subframe, PL is the number of SCCC payload bytes allocated to one data group, and P is the number of RS parity bytes added to each column of the RS frame. Count And

Is the largest integer below X.

That is, in Equation 2, PL is an RS frame portion length and is equal to the number of SCCC payload bytes allocated to the corresponding data group. The PL may vary according to an RS frame mode, an SCCC block mode, and an SCCC outer code mode. Tables 2 to 5 below show embodiments of PL values depending on RS frame mode, SCCC block mode, and SCCC outer code mode. Detailed description of the SCCC block mode, SCCC outer code mode will be described later.

SCCC outer code mode PL for Region A for Region B for Region C for Region D 00 00 00 00 9624 00 00 00 01 9372 00 00 01 00 8886 00 00 01 01 8634 00 01 00 00 8403 00 01 00 01 8151 00 01 01 00 7665 00 01 01 01 7413 01 00 00 00 7023 01 00 00 01 6771 01 00 01 00 6285 01 00 01 01 6033 01 01 00 00 5802 01 01 00 01 5550 01 01 01 00 5064 01 01 01 01 4812 Other Reserved

Table 2 shows an example of the PL value of each data group in the RS frame that depends on the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 00 and the SCCC block mode value is 00.

For example, assuming that the SCCC outer code mode values of the A / B / C / D areas in the data group are each 00 (that is, encoding at a 1/2 code rate is performed by the block processor 302 at the later stage), The PL value in each data group of the RS frame may be 9624 bytes. That is, 9624 bytes of mobile service data in one RS frame may be allocated to the A / B / C / D region of the corresponding data group.

        SCCC outer code mode                    PL 00 9624 01 4812 Other Reserved

Table 3 shows an example of the PL value of each data group in the RS frame that depends on the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 00 and the SCCC block mode value is 01.

                      SCCC outer code mode                      PL for Region A for Region B 00 00 7644 00 01 6423 01 00 5043 01 01 3822 Other Reserved

Table 4 shows an example of the PL value of the primary RS frame that depends on the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 01 and the SCCC block mode value is 00. For example, if the SCCC outer code mode values of the A / B area are each 00, 7644 bytes of mobile service data in the primary RS frame may be allocated to the A / B area of the corresponding data group.

                        SCCC outer code mode          PL for Region C for Region D 00 00 1980 00 01 1728 01 00 1242 01 01 990 Others Reserved

Table 5 shows an example of the PL value of the secondary RS frame that depends on the SCCC outer code mode value when the RS frame mode value is 01 and the SCCC block mode value is 00. For example, if the SCCC outer code mode values of the C / D area are each 00, 1980 bytes of mobile service data in the secondary RS frame may be allocated to the C / D area of the corresponding data group.

In the present invention, the N is equal to or greater than 187 in one embodiment. That is, the RS frame of FIG. 20A has a size of N (row) x 187 (column) bytes.

That is, the RS-CRC encoder 412 first divides the input mobile service data byte into predetermined length units. The predetermined length is a value determined by a system designer. In the present invention, 187 bytes is described as an embodiment, and for convenience of description, the 187 byte unit will be referred to as a packet.

For example, the input mobile service data may be an MPEG transport stream packet configured in units of 188 bytes, or may be an IP datagram. Alternatively, the IP datagram may be input by being encapsulated in a TS packet of 188 bytes.

If the input mobile service data is an MPEG transport stream (TS) packet in units of 188 bytes, the first sync byte is removed to form one packet with 187 bytes, and N packets are collected to form an RS frame. The reason for removing the sync byte is that all mobile service data packets have the same value. Meanwhile, when the input mobile service data is not in the format of an MPEG TS packet, an RS frame may be formed by receiving the mobile service data N times in units of 187 bytes without removing the MPEG sync byte.

When the input data type of the RS frame supports both the MPEG TS packet and the other case, the information may be included in the transmission parameter transmitted by the service multiplexer 100 and transmitted to the transmitter 200. The RS-CRC encoder 412 of the transmitter 200 can then receive this information and control whether or not to remove the MPEG sync byte, and the transmitter provides this information to the receiving system, whereby the RS frame decoder of the receiving system It is possible to control whether to insert the MPEG sync byte. The sync byte removal may be performed when the data randomizer 411 of the front end is rendered. In this case, the process of removing the sync byte from the RS-CRC encoder 412 is omitted, and when the sync byte is added by the receiving system, the sync byte may be added by the data de-randomizer instead of the RS frame decoder.

Therefore, if there is no fixed one byte (e.g., sync byte) in the mobile service data packet input to the RS-CRC encoder 412 or the input mobile service data is not in the form of TS packet, The service data is divided into 187 byte units, and one packet is composed of divided 187 byte units.

Subsequently, N packets of 187 bytes are collected to form one RS frame. In this case, the configuration of one RS frame is achieved by sequentially inserting a packet of 187 bytes in a row direction into an RS frame having a size of N (row) x 187 (column) bytes. That is, all N columns of the RS frame contain 187 bytes.

When the RS frame is formed as shown in FIG. 20A, the RS-CRC encoder 412 generates Nc-Kc (= P) parity bytes by performing (Nc, Kc) -RS encoding on each column. Then, you can create a column of (187 + P) bytes by adding the generated P parity bytes after the last byte of the column. Here, Kc is 187 as in FIG. 20 (a) and Nc is 187 + P.

Here, the P value may vary depending on the RS code mode value.

Table 6 below shows an example of an RS code mode which is one of RS encoding information.

RS code mode RS code Number of parity bytes (P) 00 (211,187) 24 01 (223,187) 36 10 (235,187) 48 11 Reserved Reserved

In Table 6, 2 bits are allocated to indicate an RS code mode. The RS code mode indicates the parity number of the corresponding RS frame.

For example, if the RS code mode value is 10, 48 parity bytes are generated by performing (235,187) -RS encoding on the RS frame of FIG. 20 (a), and 48 parity bytes are stored at the end of the corresponding column. Create a column of 235 bytes after the bytes.

When the RS frame mode of Table 1 indicates 00, that is, a single RS frame, only the RS code mode for the corresponding RS frame needs to be displayed. However, when the RS frame mode of Table 1 indicates 01, that is, a plurality of separate RS frames, the RS code mode is displayed corresponding to the primary and secondary RS frames, respectively. That is, the RS code mode is preferably applied independently to the primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame.

If the RS encoding process is performed on all N columns, an RS frame having a size of N (row) x (187 + P) (column) bytes can be generated as shown in FIG.

At this time, each row of the RS frame consists of N bytes. However, an error may be included in the RS frame according to the channel condition between the transmission and reception. When an error occurs in this way, it is possible to use CRC data (or also referred to as a CRC code or a CRC checksum) to check for an error in each row unit.

The RS-CRC encoder 412 may perform CRC encoding on the RS coded mobile service data to generate the CRC data. The CRC data generated by the CRC encoding may be used to indicate whether mobile service data is damaged by an error while being transmitted through a channel.

The present invention may use other error detection encoding methods in addition to CRC encoding, or may increase the overall error correction capability at the receiving end by using an error correction encoding method.

20 (c) shows an example of using a 2-byte (i.e. 16-bit) CRC checksum as CRC data, and after generating a 2-byte CRC checksum for N bytes of each row, an N-byte rear end is generated. It is adding. By doing this, each row is expanded to N + 2 bytes.

Equation 3 below shows an example of a polynomial that generates a 2-byte CRC checksum for each row of N bytes.

g (x) = x ¹⁶ + x ¹² + x ⁵ + 1

Since adding a 2-byte CRC checksum to each row is an embodiment, the present invention will not be limited to the example described above.

After all the RS coding and CRC coding described above, an RS frame of N × 187 bytes is extended to an RS frame of (N + 2) × (187 + P) bytes.

Looking at the error correction scenario of this extended RS frame, the bytes in the RS frame is transmitted on the channel in the row direction. At this time, if a large amount of error occurs in the limited transmission time, the error occurs in the row direction in the RS frame of the decoding process of the receiving system. However, in view of the RS code performed in the column direction, an error is distributed, and thus an effective error correction can be performed. In this case, although a parity byte (P) is increased as a method for more robust error correction, an appropriate compromise is required because it decreases the transmission efficiency. In addition, erasure decoding can be used to improve the error correction capability.

In addition, in the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the present invention, in order to further improve the error correction capability of the RS frame, row permutation may be performed in a super frame unit.

21A to 21D illustrate an embodiment of a row mixing process in units of super frames.

That is, G-frames of RS-CRC coded RSs are collected as shown in FIG. 21A to configure a super frame. At this time, since each RS frame is composed of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes, one super frame is composed of (N + 2) x (187 + P) x G bytes.

When the rows of the super frame configured as described above are mixed according to a predetermined rule, the positions of the rows before and after row mixing in the super frame are changed. That is, as shown in (b) of FIG. 21, the i-th row of the super frame before row mixing is located in the j-th row of the same super frame as shown in (c) of FIG. 21 after row mixing is performed. This relationship between i and j can be known through a row mixing rule as shown in Equation 4 below.

Even after row mixing in the super frame unit is performed, each row of the super frame is composed of N + 2 bytes.

After all the row mixing in the super frame unit is performed, the R frame divider is divided into G row mixed RS frames and provided to the RS frame divider 413 as shown in FIG.

Note that the RS parity and the number of columns of each RS frame constituting one super frame must be the same.

Similar to the error correction scenario of the RS frame described above, in the case of a super frame, since a large amount of error occurs, the error frame is distributed throughout the super frame even though an error that cannot be corrected is included in one RS frame to be decoded. The decoding capability is further improved compared to the RS frame.

So far, RS frame formation and encoding process when allocating data of one RS frame to A / B / C / D area in data group when dividing one data group into A / B / C / D area Explained. That is, as an embodiment when transmitting one RS frame in one parade, in this case, the secondary encoder 420 is not operated.

Meanwhile, when transmitting two RS frames in one parade, data of the primary RS frame may be allocated to the A / B area of the data group and data of the secondary RS frame may be allocated to the C / D area of the data group. At this time, the primary encoder 410 receives the mobile service data to be allocated to the A / B area in the data group, forms a primary RS frame, and performs RS encoding and CRC encoding. The secondary encoder 420 receives the mobile service data to be allocated to the C / D region in the data group, forms a secondary RS frame, and performs RS encoding and CRC encoding. That is, encoding of the primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame is performed independently of each other.

FIG. 22 illustrates a primary RS frame by receiving mobile service data to be allocated to an A / B area within a data group, and constructing a secondary RS frame by collecting mobile service data to be allocated to a C / D area, respectively. An example of performing error detection encoding is shown.

That is, FIG. 22 (a) shows N1 (row) x receiving mobile service data of a primary ensemble to be allocated to an A / B area in a data group from the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the primary encoder 410. An RS frame having a size of 187 (column) bytes is configured, RS coding is performed on each column of the RS frame thus configured, P1 parity data is added to each column, and CRC coding is performed on each row. An example of adding a 2-byte CRC checksum per row is shown.

(B) of FIG. 22 (b) receives N2 (row) x 187 (column) bytes of the mobile service data of the secondary ensemble to be allocated to the C / D area in the data group from the RS-CRC encoder 422 of the secondary encoder 420. An RS frame having a size of? Is configured, RS coding is performed on each column of the RS frame thus configured, P2 parity data is added to each column, and CRC coding is performed on each row, thereby performing 2-byte CRC for each row. An example of adding a checksum is shown.

In this case, the RS-CRC encoders 412 and 422 are preset and RS frame information (including RS frame mode) when referring to a transmission parameter provided by the controller 200 and / or a transmission parameter provided by the service multiplexer 100. RS encoding information (including RS code mode), SCCC information (including SCCC block information and SCCC outer code mode), data group information, and area information in the data group can be known. The transmission parameters are not only referred to for RS frame configuration, error correction encoding, and error detection encoding in each RS-CRC encoder 412 and 422, but must also be transmitted to the receiving system for normal decoding in the receiving system.

In the RS-CRC encoder 412 of the primary encoder 410, data of a primary RS frame in which encoding in units of RS frames and row mixing in units of super frames is performed is output to the RS frame divider 413. If the secondary encoder 420 is operated, the data of the secondary RS frame in which the RS-CRC encoder 422 of the secondary encoder 420 performs the mixing of the RS frame unit and the raw mixing of the super frame unit is RS frame divider. It is output to 423.

The RS frame divider 413 of the primary encoder 410 separates the primary RS frame into a plurality of portions and outputs the same to the multiplexer 320. Each portion of the primary RS frame corresponds to the amount of data that can be transmitted by one data group. Similarly, the RS frame divider 423 of the secondary encoder 420 divides the secondary RS frame into a plurality of portions and outputs the secondary RS frame to the multiplexer 320.

The present invention will be described in detail with respect to the RS frame divider 413 of the primary encoder 410. For convenience of description, an RS frame having a size of N (row) x 187 (column) bytes is formed as shown in FIGS. 20A to 20C, and P is assigned to each column through RS encoding. Suppose that bytes of parity data are added and 2 bytes of CRC checksums are added to each row through CRC encoding.

The RS frame divider 413 then divides the encoded RS frame having a size of N + 2 (row) x 187 (column) bytes into a plurality of portions having a PL size (where PL is the RS frame portion length). partition).

In this case, the PL value may vary according to RS frame mode, SCCC block mode, and SCCC outer code mode as shown in Tables 2 to 5. In addition, the total number of bytes of the RS frame in which RS and CRC encoding is performed is equal to or slightly smaller than 5 x NoG x PL. In this case, the RS frame is divided into ((5 x NoG)-1) portions of PL size and one portion of PL size or smaller size. That is, the size of each portion except the last portion among the portions divided from one RS frame is equal to PL.

If the size of the last potion is smaller than PL, stuffing bytes (or dummy bytes) are inserted into the last potion by the number of insufficient bytes so that the size of the last potion is finally PL.

Each portion divided from one RS frame corresponds to an amount of data for SCCC encoding and mapping into a single data group in one parade. (Each portion of a RS frame corresponds to the amount of data to be SCCC-encoded and mapped into a single data group of a Parade).

23 (a) and 23 (b) show the last stuffing of S stuffing bytes when dividing an RS frame of size (N + 2) x (187 + P) into (5 x NoG) potions having a PL size An example of adding to the above is shown.

That is, RS and CRC coded RS frames as shown in FIG. 23A are divided into a plurality of portions as shown in FIG. 23B. The number of portions divided from the RS frame is (5 x NoG). And the first ((5 x NoG)-1) potions contain a PL size, but the last one potion can be less than or equal to the PL size. If the size is smaller than the PL size, the last portion may be filled by obtaining S stuffing bytes as shown in Equation 5 below to make the PL size.

S = (5 x NoG x PL)-((N + 2) x (187 + P))

Each portion including the PL size data is output to the block processor 302 via the multiplexer 320 of the MPH frame encoder 301.

The mapping order of the RS Frame Portions to a Parade of Groups is not identical in order of mapping the RS frame portions to data groups of a parade. with the Group assignment order defined in Equation 1). That is, given the data group position of the parade within one MPH frame, the SCCC coded RS frame portions are assigned in time order (the given positions of a Parade in an MPH Frame, the SCCC-encoded RS Frame Portions shall be mapped in time order).

Referring to FIG. 11, the data groups of parade # 1 (the second Parade that is allocated) are first allocated to the 13th slot (Slot # 12) and then to the third slot (Slot # 2). However, if data is placed in these allocated slots, the data is placed in chronological order from left to right. That is, the first data group of parade # 1 is placed in the third slot (Slot # 2), and the second data group of parade # 1 is placed in the 13th slot (Slot # 13).

Block handler

Meanwhile, the block processor 302 performs SCCC outer coding on the output of the MPH frame encoder 301. That is, the block processor 302 encodes the data of each portion inputted by error correction encoding at a code rate of 1 / H (where H is a natural number of 2 or more) and outputs the encoded data to the group formatter 303. The present invention encodes and outputs input data using either one of half code rate encoding (or half encoding) and one quarter code rate encoding (or quarter encoding). It is set as an Example. The data of each portion output from the MPH frame encoder 301 includes at least one of pure mobile service data, RS parity data, CRC data, and stuffing data, but broadly, they are data for mobile service. Therefore, the data of each portion will be described as all mobile service data.

The group formatter 303 inserts mobile service data, which is SCCC outer coded and output from the block processor 302, into a corresponding region in a data group formed according to a predefined rule, and also has various positions in relation to data deinterleaving. Holders or known data (or known data position holders) are also inserted into the corresponding area in the data group. The group formatter 303 then deinterleaves the data and position holders in the data group.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the data group is composed of ten MPH blocks B1 to B10 based on the data interleaving, and is divided into four regions A, B, C, and D.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, it is assumed that a data group is divided into a plurality of layered areas, and the block processor 302 may encode mobile service data to be inserted into each area at a different code rate according to the characteristics of the layered area.

For example, the mobile service data to be inserted into the A / B area in the data group is encoded by the block processor 302 at a 1/2 code rate, and the encoded mobile service data is encoded by the group formatter 303. It can be inserted into the A / B area. In addition, the mobile service data to be inserted into the C / D area of the data group is encoded by the block processor 302 at a 1/4 code rate which is higher in error correction capability than the 1/2 code rate. May be inserted into the C / D area by the group formatter 303. As another example, the mobile service data to be inserted into the C / D region is encoded by the block processor 302 at a code rate having a stronger error correction capability than that of the 1/4 code rate, and the encoded data is then grouped. The formatter 303 may be inserted into the C / D region, or may be left as a reserved region for later use.

In another embodiment, the block processor 302 may perform 1 / H encoding on a SCCC block basis. The SCCC block includes at least one MPH block.

In this case, if 1 / H encoding is performed in units of one MPH block, the MPH blocks B1 to B10 and the SCCC blocks SCB1 to SCB10 are the same (SCB1 = B1, SCB2 = B2, SCB3 = B3, SCB4 = B4, SCB5 = B5, SCB6 = B6, SCB7 = B7, SCB8 = B8, SCB9 = B9, SCB10 = B10). For example, the MPH block B1 may be encoded at a 1/2 code rate, the MPH block B2 may be encoded at a 1/4 code rate, and the MPH block B3 may be encoded at a 1/2 code rate. The same applies to the remaining MPH blocks.

Alternatively, a plurality of MPH blocks in the A, B, C, and D regions may be bundled into one SCCC block, and 1 / H encoding may be performed in units of SCCC blocks. This can improve the reception performance of the C / D domain. For example, 1/2 encoding is performed by combining MPH blocks B1 to MPH blocks B5 into one SCCC block, and the mobile service data encoded in this manner is MPH blocks B1 to MPH blocks of the data group in the group formatter 303. Can be inserted up to B5.

In addition, 1/4 coding is performed by binding MPH blocks B6 to MPH blocks B10 to other SCCC blocks, and the mobile format data encoded in the group formatter 303 is inserted from MPH blocks B6 to MPH blocks B10 in the data group. can do. In this case, one data group consists of two SCCC blocks.

As another embodiment, two MPH blocks may be bundled and configured as one SCCC block. For example, one SCCC (SCB1) block may be configured by combining the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B6. Similarly, MPH block B2 and MPH block B7 are tied together to tie another SCCC (SCB2) block, MPH block B3 and block B8 to tie another SCCC (SCB3) block, MPH block B4 and B9 to another Another SCCC (SCB5) block may be configured by combining the (SCB4) block, the MPH block B5, and the MPH block B10. In this case, 10 MPH blocks are composed of 5 SCCC blocks. This can compensate for the reception performance of the C and D areas where the reception performance is relatively lower than that of the A area in a reception environment with a severe channel change. In addition, as the number of main service data symbols increases from the A area to the D area, this causes a decrease in the performance of the error correction code. As described above, by configuring a plurality of MPH blocks as one SCCC block, such performance degradation can be achieved. Can be reduced

When 1 / H encoding is performed in the block processor 302 as described above, SCCC related information should be transmitted to the receiving system in order to correctly restore the mobile service data.

Table 7 below shows an example of an SCCC block mode showing a relationship between an MPH block and an SCCC block among SCCC related information.

Table 7 according to an embodiment shows that two bits are allocated to indicate the SCCC block mode. For example, if the SCCC block mode value is 00, this indicates that the SCCC block and the MPH block are the same. In addition, if the SCCCC block mode value is 01, this indicates that each SCCC block is composed of two MPH blocks.

As described above, if one data group is composed of two SCCC blocks, this information may also be displayed in SCCC block mode although not shown in Table 7. For example, when the SCCC block mode value is 10, it may indicate that each SCCC block is composed of five MPH blocks and one data group is composed of two SCCC blocks. Here, since the number of MPH blocks included in the SCCC block and the position of the MPH block may vary by the system designer, the present invention will not be limited to the above embodiment, and the SCCC mode information may be extended.

Table 8 below shows an example of code rate information of the SCCC block, that is, the SCCC outer code mode among SCCC related information.

SCCC outer code mode Description 00 The outer code rate of a SCCC Block is 1/2 rate 01 The outer code rate of a SCCC Block is 1/4 rate 10 Reserved 11 Reserved

In Table 8, 2 bits are allocated to indicate the code rate information of the SCCC block. For example, if the SCCC outer code mode value is 00, the code rate of the corresponding SCCC block indicates 1/2, and if 01, 1/4 indicates.

If the SCCC block mode value of Table 7 indicates 00, the SCCC outer code mode may display a code rate of each MPH block corresponding to each MPH block. In this case, since one data group includes 10 MPH blocks and each SCCC block mode is assumed to have 2 bits, 20 bits are required to indicate the SCCC block mode for the 10 MPH blocks.

As another example, when the SCCC block mode value of Table 7 indicates 00, the SCCC outer code mode may display the code rate of each region corresponding to each region in the data group. In this case, since one data group includes four areas A, B, C, and D, and each SCCC block mode is assumed to have 2 bits, 8 bits are required to indicate the SCCC block mode for the four areas. Do.

As another example, when the SCCC block mode value of Table 7 indicates 01, the A, B, C, and D areas in the data group have the same SCCC outer code mode.

Meanwhile, Table 9 below shows an example of an SCCC output block length (SOBL) for each SCCC block when the SCCC block mode value is 00.

That is, if the SCCC Output Block Length (SOBL) is known for each SCCC block, the SCCC Input Block Length (SIBL) for the corresponding SCCC block is determined according to the outer code rate of each SCCC block. Can be. The SOBL is equal to the number of SCCC output (or outer encoded) bytes for each SCCC block, and the SIBL is equal to the number of SCCC or payload bytes for each SCCC block.

Table 10 below shows an example of SOBL and SIBL for each SCCC block when the SCCC block mode value is 01.

To this end, the block processor 302 uses an RS frame portion-SCCC block converter 511, a byte-bit converter 512, a convolution encoder 513, a symbol interleaver 514, and a symbol-byte converter (Fig. 24). 515, and the SCCC block-MPH block converter 516.

The convolutional encoder 513 and the symbol interleaver 514 are virtually concatenated with the trellis coding module 256 to form an SCCC.The convolutional encoder 513 and the symbol interleaver 514 are virtually concatenated with the trellis encoder in the post-processor to construct the SCCC).

That is, the RS frame potion-SCCC block converter 511 uses the SIBLs of Tables 9 and 10 according to RS frame mode, SCCC block mode, and SCCC outer code mode to input a plurality of SCCC blocks. Divide. The MPH frame encoder 301 outputs a primary RS frame portion or a primary RS frame portion and a secondary RS frame portion according to the RS frame mode.

If the RS frame mode is 00, the portion of the primary RS frame is equal to the amount of data mapped to 10 MPH blocks in one data group by SCCC outer coding in the block processor 302. If the SCCC block mode is 00, the primary RS frame is divided into 10 SCCC blocks according to Table 9. If the SCCC block mode is 01, the primary RS frame portion is divided into five SCCC blocks according to Table 10. Meanwhile, if the RS frame mode is 01, the block processor 302 receives two RS frame portions. If the RS frame mode is 01, 01 is not used as the SCCC block mode value. The primary portion divided from the primary RS frame is SCCC outer coded as the SCCC blocks SCB3, SCB4, SCB5, SCB6, SCB7, and SCB8 in the block processor 302. The SCCC blocks SCB3 and SCB8 are mapped to the region B in the data group in the group formatter 303, and the SCCC blocks SCB4, SCB5, SCB6 and SCB7 are mapped to the region A. The secondary portion divided from the secondary RS frame is SCCC outer coded by the block processor 302 as SCCC blocks SCB1, SCB2, SCB9, and SCB10. The group formatter 303 maps the SCCC blocks SCB1 and SCB10 to the region D in the data group, and maps the SCCC blocks SCB2 and SCB9 to the region C. FIG.

The byte-bit converter 512 divides the mobile service data byte of each SCCC block output from the RS frame portion-SCCC block converter 511 into bits and outputs the bits to the convolutional encoder 513.

The convolutional encoder 513 performs 1/2 encoding or 1/4 encoding on the input mobile service data bit.

FIG. 25 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of the convolutional encoder 513, and includes two delayers 521 and 523 and three adders 522, 524 and 525. The input data bits U are encoded by 5 bits (u0). output as ~ u4). At this time, the input data bit U is output as it is as the most significant bit u0 and is encoded and output as the lower bits u1u2u3u4.

That is, the input data bits U are output as the most significant bit u0 and output to the first and third adders 522 and 525. The first adder 522 adds the input data bit U and the output of the first delayer 521 and outputs the result to the second delayer 523. The delayed data is outputted to the lower bit u1 and fed back to the first delayer 521. The first delayer 521 delays the data fed back from the second delayer 523 by a predetermined time (for example, one clock) and outputs the lower bit u2 to the first adder 522 and the first adder 522. 2 is output to the adder 524.

The second adder 524 adds outputs of the first and second delayers 521 and 523 to output the lower bit u3. The third adder 525 adds the input data bit U and the output of the second adder 524 and outputs the least significant bit u4.

At this time, the first and second delayers 521 and 523 are reset to zero at the start of each SCCC block. The convolution encoder 513 of FIG. 25 may be used as a 1/2 encoder, or may be used as a 1/4 encoder.

That is, when some output bits of the convolution encoder 513 of FIG. 25 are selected and outputted, they can be used as 1/2 encoder or 1/4 encoder.

Table 11 below shows an example of an output symbol of the convolution encoder 513.

For example, in the case of 1/2 code rate, one output symbol, i.e., u0, u1 bits, may be selected and output. In the case of the 1/4 code rate, two output symbols, that is, four bits, may be selected and output according to the SCCC block mode. For example, if the SCCC block mode is 01, selecting and outputting an output symbol of u0, u2 and an output symbol of u1, u4 results in quarter coding.

The mobile service data symbols encoded by the convolutional encoder 513 at 1/2 or 1/4 code rates are output to the symbol interleaver 514.

The symbol interleaver 514 performs block interleaving on a symbol unit basis for the output data symbols of the convolutional encoder 513. That is, symbol interleaver 514 is a type of block interleaver. The symbol interleaver 514 may be applied to any interleaver as long as the interleaver is structurally arranged in any order. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the use of a variable length symbol interleaver applicable to a case in which the lengths of symbols to be rearranged are various will be described.

FIG. 26 shows an embodiment of a symbol interleaver according to the present invention, where B is 2112 and L is 4096 an example of symbol interleaving. FIG.

Here, B is a block length in symbols output from the convolutional encoder 513 for symbol interleaving, and L is a block length in symbol units actually interleaved in the symbol interleaver 514. At this time, the block length B in symbol units input to the symbol interleaver 514 is equal to 4 × SOBL. That is, since one symbol consists of 2 bits, B can be set to 4 x SOBL.

In symbol interleaving, L = 2 ^m (where m is a natural number) while satisfying the condition L ≥ B. If the values of B and L are different, a null symbol or a dummy symbol is added by a different number (= LB) to form an interleaving pattern as illustrated in P ′ (i) of FIG. 26.

Therefore, B is a block size of actual symbols input to the symbol interleaver 514 for interleaving, and L is an interleaving unit in which actual interleaving is performed by an interleaving pattern generated by the symbol interleaver 514.

Equation 6 below receives the B symbols to be rearranged in the symbol interleaver 514 in order, finds L = 2 ^m and satisfies the condition L? Is a mathematical expression of the process.

For all positions 0 ≤ i ≤ B-1,

P '(i) = {89 x i x (i + 1) / 2} mod L

Where L ≧ B, L = 2 ^m and m is a natural number.

After rearranging the order of the B input symbols and the (LB) null symbols in units of L symbols as shown in Equation 6 and P '(i) of FIG. 26, the position of the null symbol is shown as P (i) of FIG. Remove and reorder. That is, starting with the lowest i, shift the P (i) entries to the left to fill the empty entry locations). The symbols of the aligned interleaving pattern P (i) are sequentially output to the symbol-byte converter 515.

The symbol-byte converter 515 converts the mobile service data symbols outputted after the sequence rearrangement is completed in the symbol interleaver 514 into bytes and outputs them to the SCCC block-MPH block converter 516. The SCCC block-MPH block converter 516 converts the symbol interleaved SCCC block into an MPH block and outputs the MPH block to the group formatter 303.

If the SCCC block mode is 00, the SCCC block is mapped 1: 1 to each MPH block in the data group. As another example, if the SCCC block mode is 01, the SCCC block is mapped to two corresponding MPH blocks in the data group. For example, the SCCC block SCB1 is in (B1, B6), SCB2 is in (B2, B7), SCB3 is in (B3, B8), SCB4 is in (B4, B9), and SCB5 is in (B5, B10) Is mapped to. The MPH block output from the SCCC block-MPH block converter 516 is composed of mobile service data and FEC redundancy. The present invention considers not only the mobile service data of the MPH block but also the FEC redundancy as mobile service data.

group Formatter

The group formatter 303 inserts data of the MPH block output from the block processor 302 into a corresponding MPH block in a data group formed according to a predefined rule, and also stores various position holders or the like in relation to data deinterleaving. Known data (or known data position holders) are also inserted into the corresponding area in the data group.

That is, in the group formatter 303, in addition to the encoded mobile service data output from the block processor 302, an MPEG header position holder, an unstructured RS parity position holder, Insert the main service data location holder into the corresponding area of the data group. The reason for inserting the main service data location holder is that the mobile service data and the main service data are intermingled in the areas B to D based on the data interleaving as shown in FIG. 5. As an example, the position holder for the MPEG header may be assigned to the front of each packet based on the output data after the data deinterleaving. It is also possible to insert dummy bytes to construct the intended group format. In addition, the group formatter 303 inserts a position holder for initializing the trellis encoding module 256 into the corresponding region. In one embodiment, the initialization data location holder may be inserted before the known data stream.

The group formatter 303 may also insert signaling information encoded and output by the signaling encoder 304 into a corresponding region of the data group.

In this case, the signaling information may be referenced when inserting each data and position holder into the data group in the group formatter 303. Encoding of the signaling information and insertion into the data group will be described later in detail.

The group formatter 303 inserts various data and position holders into a corresponding region of the data group, and then deinterleaves the data and position holders in the data group in a reverse process of data interleaving and outputs the data to the packet formatter 305. That is, when the data and position holder in the data group configured as shown in FIG. 5 are deinterleaved by the group formatter 303, the data group output to the packet formatter 305 has the structure as shown in FIG. 7. To this end, the group formatter 303 may include a group format organizer 527 and a data deinterleaver 529 as shown in FIG. 27. The group format forming unit 527 inserts data and position holders into the corresponding regions in the data group as described above, and the data deinterleaver 529 deinterleaves the data and position holders in the data group in a reverse process of data interleaving. .

The packet formatter 305 removes the main service data location holder and the RS parity location holder which have been allocated for deinterleaving among the deinterleaved input data, collects the remaining parts, and then collects null packets in the 3-byte MPEG header location holder. Insert an MPEG header with a PID (or a PID not used in the main service data packet). A sync byte is added at the beginning of each 187 byte data packet.

Also, the packet formatter 305 may insert actual known data into the known data position holder when the group formatter 303 inserts the known data position holder, or later inserts the known data position holder for replacement insertion. You can output as is without adjustment.

Then, the packet formatter 305 divides the data in the packet-formatted data group into mobile service data packets (ie, MPEG TS packets) in units of 188 bytes and provides them to the packet multiplexer 240.

The packet multiplexer 240 multiplexes the data group output by the packet formatter 305 and the main service data packet output from the packet jitter reducer 220 under the control of the controller 200. The data is output to the data renderer 251 of (Post-Processor) 250. That is, the controller 200 controls time multiplexing of the packet multiplexer 240. If the packet multiplexer 240 receives 118 mobile service data packets from the packet formatter 305, 37 of 118 mobile service data packets are placed before the VSB field sync insertion position, and another A 81 mobile service data packet is placed after the VSB field sync insertion position. The multiplexing method can be adjusted by various variables of the system design. The multiplexing method and multiplexing rule in the packet multiplexer 240 will be described in detail later.

In the packet multiplexing process, since a data group including mobile service data is multiplexed (or allocated) between main service data, a temporal position of a main service data packet is relatively moved. However, the system target decoder (i.e., MPEG decoder) for main service data processing of the receiving system receives and decodes only main service data and recognizes the mobile service data packet as a null data packet.

Therefore, when the system target decoder of the receiving system receives the main service data packet multiplexed with the data group, packet jitter occurs.

In this case, since there are various buffers for the video data in the system target decoder and the size thereof is quite large, the packet jitter generated by the packet multiplexer 240 is not a big problem in the case of video data. However, the size of the buffer for audio data in the system target decoder can be problematic.

That is, the packet jitter may cause overflow or underflow in a buffer for main service data of the receiving system, for example, a buffer for audio data.

Accordingly, the packet jitter reducer 220 readjusts the relative position of the main service data packet so that no overflow or underflow occurs in the buffer of the system target decoder.

The present invention describes embodiments of relocating the audio data packet of the main service data in order to minimize the influence on the operation of the audio buffer. The packet jitter reducer 220 rearranges the audio data packets in the main service data interval so that the audio data packets of the main service are as uniform as possible.

In addition, when the location of the main service data packet is relatively readjusted, the PCR value must be corrected accordingly. The PCR value is a time reference value to match the time of the MPEG decoder and is inserted into a specific area of the TS packet and transmitted. In an embodiment, the packet jitter reducer 220 performs a function of PCR value correction.

The output of the packet jitter reducer 220 is input to the packet multiplexer 240. The packet multiplexer 240 multiplexes the main service data packet output from the packet jitter reducer 220 and the mobile service data packet output from the preprocessor 230 according to a preset multiplexing rule as described above. The data is output to the data randomizer 251 of 250.

If the input data is a main service data packet, the data randomizer 251 performs rendering in the same way as the existing renderer. That is, the sync byte in the main service data packet is discarded and the remaining 187 bytes are randomly generated using pseudo random bytes generated therein, and then output to the RS encoder / unstructured RS encoder 252.

However, if the input data is a mobile service data packet, only a part of the packet may be rendered. For example, assuming that the preprocessor 230 has previously performed rendering on the mobile service data, the data renderer 251 may synchronize the byte of the 4-byte MPEG header included in the mobile service data packet. And discards the remaining 3 bytes and outputs the result to the RS encoder / unstructured RS encoder 252. That is, the rest of the mobile service data except the MPEG header is output to the RS encoder / unstructured RS encoder 252 without performing rendering. The data randomizer 251 may or may not perform the randomization of the known data (or known data location holder) and the initialization data location holder included in the mobile service data packet.

The RS encoder / unstructured RS encoder 252 adds 20 bytes of RS parity by performing RS encoding on the data to be rendered or bypassed by the data randomizer 251, and then the data interleaver 253. Will output In this case, the RS encoder / unstructured RS encoder 252 adds 20 bytes of RS parity to 187 bytes of data after performing systematic RS encoding in the same manner as the existing broadcasting system when the input data is a main service data packet. In case of a mobile service data packet, unsystematic RS coding is performed, and the 20-byte RS parity obtained at this time is inserted at a predetermined parity byte position in the packet.

The data interleaver 253 is a convolutional interleaver in bytes.

The output of the data interleaver 253 is input to a parity substituent 254 and an unstructured RS encoder 255.

On the other hand, in order to make the output data of the trellis encoder 256 located at the rear end of the parity substituter 254 into known data defined by appointment on the transmitting / receiving side, the memory in the trellis encoder 256 is first initialized. Is needed. That is, before the input known data string is trellis encoded, the memory of the trellis encoder 256 must be initialized.

At this time, the start of the known data stream is not the actual known data but the initialization data position holder inserted by the group formatter in the preprocessor 230. Therefore, a process of generating initialization data immediately before the input known data string is trellis encoded and replacing the corresponding trellis memory initialization data position holder is required.

The trellis memory initialization data is generated by determining a value thereof according to the memory state of the trellis encoder 256. In addition, a process of recalculating RS parity under the influence of the replaced initialization data and replacing the RS parity with the RS parity output from the data interleaver 253 is necessary.

Accordingly, the unstructured RS encoder 255 receives a mobile service data packet including an initialization data position holder to be replaced with initialization data from the data interleaver 253 and inputs initialization data from the trellis encoder 256. Receive. The initialization data position holder of the input mobile service data packet is replaced with the initialization data, and the RS parity data added to the mobile service data packet is removed, and then unstructured RS encoding is performed. The RS parity obtained by the unsystematic RS coding is output to the parity substituent 255. Then, the parity substituter 255 selects the output of the data interleaver 253 for data in the mobile service data packet, and selects the output of the unstructured RS encoder 255 for the RS parity. Will output

Meanwhile, when the main service data packet is input or the mobile service data packet including the initialization data location holder to be replaced is input, the parity substituter 254 selects data and RS parity output from the data interleaver 253 as it is. The trellis encoder 256 outputs the trellis encoder.

The trellis encoder 256 converts the data of the byte unit output from the parity substituent 254 into symbol units, performs 12-way interleaving, trellis-codes, and outputs the trellis to the synchronous multiplexer 260.

FIG. 28 is a detailed diagram of one trellis encoder out of twelve trellis encoders in the trellis encoder 256. FIG. The trellis coder may include two multiplexers 531, 541, two adders 532, 543, and three memories 533, 542, 544.

That is, the first to third memories 533, 542, and 544 are initialized by trellis initialization data inserted into the initialization data position holder by the parity substituent 254. In other words, when the first two symbols (i.e., 4 bits) converted from each trellis initialization data byte are input, the input bits of the trellis encoder are rewritten by the memory values of the trellis encoder as shown in FIG. Are arranged.

And since two symbols (ie 4 bits) are required for trellis initialization, the last two symbols of trellis initialization data bytes are not used for trellis initialization and are treated as symbols of known data bytes.

When the trellis encoder of FIG. 28 is in an initialization mode, the input of the trellis encoder comes from the internal trellis state instead of the output of the parity substituent 254. In the normal mode, the trellis encoder receives and processes input symbols from the parity substituent 254. The trellis encoder provides the modified input data to the unstructured RS encoder 255 for trellis initialization.

That is, the first multiplexer 531 selects the upper bit X2 of the input symbol when the selection signal indicates the normal mode, and outputs the first memory 533 when the initialization signal indicates the initialization mode. Is selected and output to the first adder 532. The first adder 532 adds the output of the first multiplexer 531 and the output of the first memory 533 to the first memory 533 and outputs the most significant bit Z2. The first memory 533 delays the output data of the first adder 532 by one clock and then outputs the same to the first multiplexer 531 and the first adder 532. On the other hand, the second multiplexer 541 selects the lower bit X1 of the input symbol when the selection signal indicates the normal mode, and outputs the output of the second memory 542 when the selection signal indicates the initialization mode. It selects and outputs to the second adder 543 and to the lower bit Z1. The second adder 543 adds the output of the second multiplexer 541 and the output of the second memory 542 and outputs the output to the third memory 544. The third memory 544 delays the output of the second adder 543 by one clock, outputs the result to the second memory 542, and outputs the least significant bit Z0. The second memory 542 delays the output of the third memory 544 by one clock and outputs the result to the second adder 543 and the second multiplexer 541.

The synchronous multiplexer 260 inserts field sync and segment sync into the output of the trellis encoder 256 and outputs the field sync and segment sync to the pilot inserter 271 of the transmitter 270.

Data in which the pilot is inserted in the pilot inserter 271 is modulated by a modulator 272, for example, a VSB method, and then transmitted to each receiving system through the RF up converter 273.

Multiplexing Method of Packet Multiplexer 240

That is, the data of the error correction encoding and 1 / H coded primary RS frame (ie, RS frame mode is 00) or primary / secondary RS frame (ie, RS frame mode is 01) is plural in the group formatter 303. The data is divided into three data groups and allocated to at least one of the areas A to D of each data group, or assigned to at least one MPH block of the MPH blocks B1 to B10 and deinterleaved. The deinterleaved data group is multiplexed according to a predetermined multiplexing rule with the main service data in the packet multiplexer 240 via the packet formatter 305.

The packet multiplexer 240 multiplexes and outputs a plurality of consecutive data groups as far as possible from each other in a subframe. For example, assuming that three data groups are multiplexed and transmitted in one subframe, the three data groups include the first slot (Slot # 0), the fifth slot (Slot # 4), and the ninth in the subframe. Slots # 8 are sequentially assigned and output.

Like the data group allocation, the parades are output as multiplexed as far as possible from each other in the subframe. The method of allocating data groups and parades may be differently applied to each MPH frame based on the MPH frame, and the same method may be applied to all subframes in one MPH frame.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment when the packet multiplexer 240 allocates a single parade of three data groups included in one subframe to one MPH frame. Referring to FIG. 10, if three data groups are sequentially allocated to one subframe in four slot periods, and this process is performed for five subframes in the corresponding MPH frame, 15 data groups are allocated to one MPH frame. It can be seen that. The 15 data groups are data groups included in one parade.

When data groups for one parade are allocated to the MPH frame as shown in FIG. 10, the packet multiplexer 240 may allocate main service data between the data group and the data group, and assign data groups of another parade. You can also assign. That is, the packet multiplexer 240 may allocate data groups for a plurality of parades in one MPH frame.

Basically, the method of assigning data groups for multiple parades is also no different from that of a single parade. That is, the packet multiplexer 240 also allocates data groups in another parade allocated to one MPH frame in four slot periods.

In this case, the data group of another parade may be allocated in a circular manner from a slot to which the data group of the previous parade is not allocated.

For example, assuming that data group allocation for one parade is performed as shown in FIG. 10, the data group for the next parade may be allocated from the 12th slot in one subframe.

FIG. 11 shows an example of allocating three parades (Parade # 0, Parade # 1, Parade # 2) to one MPH frame in the packet multiplexer 240 and transmitting the same.

For example, assuming that the first parade (Parade # 0) includes three groups of data per subframe, the packet multiplexer 240 substitutes 0 to 2 for the i value of Equation 1 to allow the user to enter the subframe. The location of the data groups can be found. That is, data groups of the first parade are sequentially allocated to the first, fifth, and ninth slots (Slot # 0, Slot # 4, Slot # 8) in the subframe and output.

If a second parade (Parade # 1) includes two data groups per subframe, the packet multiplexer 240 assigns 3 to 4 to the i value of Equation 1 to locate the data groups in the subframe. Can be obtained. That is, data groups of the second parade are sequentially allocated to the second and twelfth slots (Slot # 1, Slot # 11) in the subframe and output.

In addition, if the third parade (Parade # 2) includes two groups per subframe, the packet multiplexer 240 substitutes 5 to 6 for the i value of Equation 1 to locate the data groups in the subframe. Can be obtained. That is, data groups of the third parade are sequentially allocated to the seventh and eleventh slots (Slot # 6, Slot # 10) in the subframe and output.

As such, the packet multiplexer 240 may output multiplexed data groups for a plurality of parades in one MPH frame, and the multiplexing of the data groups in one subframe has a group space of 4 slots from left to right. With serial. Therefore, the number of groups of one parade per a sub-frame (NOG) that can be multiplexed into one subframe may be any one of integers from 1 to 8. In this case, since one MPH frame includes five subframes, this means that the number of data groups of one parade that can be multiplexed into one MPH frame may be any one of multiples of 5 to 40. do.

Signaling  Information processing

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a signaling information area for inserting signaling information is allocated to some areas in each data group.

FIG. 29 shows an example in which a signaling information area for inserting signaling information is allocated from a first segment to a part of a second segment of the MPH block B4 in the data group. That is, 276 (= 207 + 69) bytes of the MPH block B4 of each data group are allocated as an area for inserting signaling information. In other words, the signaling information area consists of 207 bytes, which is the first segment of the MPH block B4, and the first 69 bytes of the second segment. For example, the first segment of the MPH block B4 corresponds to the 17th or 173th segment of the VSB field. The signaling information to be inserted into the signaling information region is FEC coded by the signaling encoder 304 and input to the group formatter 303.

The group formatter 303 inserts signaling information, which is FEC coded and output by the signaling encoder 304, into a signaling information region of a data group.

The signaling information can be largely divided into two types of signaling channels. One is a Transmission Parameter Channel (TPC) and the other is a Fast Information Channel (FIC).

The TPC information is signaling information including transmission parameters such as RS frame information, SCCC information, and MPH frame information. The TPC information is only an embodiment for better understanding of the present invention, and addition and deletion of signaling information included in the TPC may be easily changed by those skilled in the art, and thus the present invention will not be limited to the above embodiment. The FIC information is provided to enable fast service acquisition at the receiver and includes cross layer information between the physical layer and the upper layer.

30 is a detailed block diagram of one embodiment of signaling encoder 304.

The signaling encoder 304 may include a TPC encoder 561, an FIC encoder 562, a block interleaver 563, a multiplexer 564, a signaling randomizer 565, and a PCCC encoder 566.

The TPC encoder 561 receives 10 bytes of TPC data and performs (18,10) -RS encoding to add 8 bytes of parity data to the 10 bytes of TPC data. The RS-coded 18 bytes of TPC data is output to multiplexer 564.

 The FIC encoder 562 receives 37 bytes of FIC data and performs (51,37) -RS encoding to add 14 bytes of parity data to 37 bytes of FIC data. The RS-encoded 51-byte FIC data is input to the block interleaver 563 and interleaved in predetermined block units. For example, the block interleaver 563 is a variable length block interleaver, and interleaves FIC data in each subframe input by RS coding in units of TNoG (column) x 51 (row) blocks and outputs the result to the multiplexer 564. do. Here, the TNoG is the number of all data groups allocated to all subframes in one MPH frame. The block interleaver 563 is synchronized to the first FIC data of each subframe.

 The block interleaver 563 reads 51-byte RS codewords from left to right, top to bottom in row units, and reads from top to bottom in columns and from left to right in units of 51 bytes.

The multiplexer 564 multiplexes the TPC data encoded by the TPC encoder 561 with the FIC data block interleaved by the block interleaver 563 on a time axis, and signals the multiplexed 69 bytes of data by the randomization signal 565. Will output

The signaling randomizer 565 randomizes the multiplexed data and outputs the randomized data to the PCCC encoder 566. The signaling randomizer 565 may use the generated polynomial of the randomizer for mobile service data as it is. Initialization also occurs in every data group (occur).

The PCCC encoder 566 is an inner encoder which performs PCCC encoding on the rendered data, that is, signaling information data. The PCCC encoder 566 may be composed of six even component encoders and six odd component encoders.

FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a syntax structure of TPC data input to the TPC encoder 561. The TPC data is inserted into the signaling information area of each data group and transmitted.

The TPC data includes a Sub-Frame_number field, a Slot_number field, a Parade_id field, a starting_Group_number (SGN) field, a number_of_Groups (NoG) field, a Parade_repetition_cycle (PRC) field, an RS_Frame_mode field, an RS_code_mode_primary field, an RS_code_mode_secondary field, an SC_CC_Block_mode_code_mode_code_mode_code_mode_code_out_code_mode_code_out_code_mode_code_mode_code_out_code_mode_code_out_code_mode_code_mode_code_out_code_mode_code_mode_code_out_code_mode_code_mode_code_out_code_mode_code_mode_code_outer_code_out_code_mode_code_mode_code_outer_code It may include a SCCC_outer_code_mode_C field, a SCCC_outer_code_mode_D field, a FIC_version field, a Parade_continuity_counter field, and a TNoG field.

The Sub-frame_number field indicates the number of current subframes in the corresponding MPH frame and is transmitted for MPH frame synchronization. The Sub-frame_number field value may have a value between 0 and 4.

The Slot_number field indicates the number of current slots in a corresponding subframe and is transmitted for MPF frame synchronization. The Slot_number field value may have a value between 0 and 15.

The Parade_id field indicates an identifier for identifying a parade to which the corresponding data group belongs. The Parade_id field value may be represented by 7 bits. In one MPH transmission, each parade has a unique Parade_id. At this time, communication of the Parade_id between the physical layer and the upper layer is performed by Ensemble_id formed by adding 1 bit to the left side of the Parade_id. Ensemble_id for identifying the primary ensemble transmitted through the parade may be formed by displaying 0 in the added MSB, and Ensemble_id for distinguishing the secondary ensemble may be formed by displaying 1 in the added MSB.

The SGN field indicates the first slot number for the parade to which the data group belongs. The SGN and NoG fields are used to obtain a slot number assigned to one parade in a corresponding subframe by applying Equation 1.

The number_of_Groups (NoG) field shall be the number of Groups in a Sub-Frame assigned to the Parade to which this Group belongs, minus 1, eg, NoG = 0 implies that one Group is allocated to this Parade in a Sub-Frame). The NoG field value may have a value between 0 and 7. Slot numbers assigned to the corresponding parade may be calculated from SGN and NoG using Equation 1.

The PRC field indicates a repetition period of a parade transmitted in MPH frames as shown in Table 12 below.

PRC Description 000 This Parade shall be transmitted once every MPH Frame. 001 This Parade shall be transmitted once every 2 MPH Frames. 010 This Parade shall be transmitted once every 3 MPH Frames. 011 This Parade shall be transmitted once every 4 MPH Frames. 100 This Parade shall be transmitted once every 5 MPH Frames. 101 This Parade shall be transmitted once every 6 MPH Frames. 110 This Parade shall be transmitted once every 7 MPH Frames. 111 Reserved

For example, if the PRC field value is 001, the parade indicates that transmission is performed once every 2 MPH frames.

The RS_Frame_mode field indicates whether one RS frame or two RS frames are transmitted in one parade, and is defined as shown in Table 1 below.

The RS_code_mode_primary field indicates an RS code mode for a primary RS frame and may be defined as shown in Table 6.

The RS_code_mode_secondary field indicates an RS code mode for a secondary RS frame and may be defined as shown in Table 6.

The SCCC_Block_mode indicates how MPH blocks in the data group are allocated to the SCCC block, and can be defined as shown in Table 7.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_A field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area A in the data group and may be defined as shown in Table 8.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_B field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area B in the data group.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_C field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area C in the data group.

The SCCC_outer_code_mode_D field indicates the SCCC outer code mode for the area D in the data group.

The FIC_version field indicates a version of FIC data.

The Parade_continuity_counter field increases from 0 to 15 and increases by 1 for each (PRC + 1) MPH frame. For example, if PRC = 011, the Parade_continuity_counter field is incremented every fourth MPH frame.

The TNoG field indicates the number of all data groups allocated in one subframe.

 The information included in the TPC data is only an embodiment for better understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments because addition and deletion of the information included in the TPC data can be easily changed by those skilled in the art. Will not.

At this time, the TPC data (excluding the Sub-Frame_number field and the Slot_number field) for each parade are not changed during one MPH frame. The same information is repeatedly transmitted through all data groups in the parade for one MPH frame. By doing so, reception of TPC data is extremely robust, and reception performance can be improved. Since the Sub-Frame_number field and the Slot_number field are incremented counter values, the fields are robust due to the transmission of the expected values.

The FIC information transmits cross layer information for fast mobile service acquisition. The information may include channel combining information between the ensemble and the mobile service.

32 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission scenario of TPC data and FIC data. The Sub-Frame_number, Slot_number, Parade_id, Parade_repetition_cycle, and Parade_continuity_counter information of FIG. 31 have their values corresponding to the current MPH frame through five subframes within a specific MPH frame. Some of the TPC parameters and FIC data are signaled in advance.

 The SGN, NoG, and all FEC modes have values corresponding to the current MPH frame in the first two subframes. The SGN, NoG, and all FEC modes have values corresponding to the MPH frame in which the next parade appears in the third, fourth, and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame. By doing this, the receiver can obtain reliable transmission parameters in advance.

 For example, if Parade_repetition_cycle = '000', the values of the third, fourth, and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame correspond to the next MPH frame. If Parade_repetition_cycle = '011', the values of the third, fourth, and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame correspond to the fourth and subsequent MPH frames.

The FIC_version and FIC_data have a value applied to the current MPH frame during the first and second subframes of the current MPH frame. The FIC_version and FIC_data have a value applied to the next MPH frame during the third, fourth, and fifth subframes of the current MPH frame.

On the other hand, the receiving system can reduce power consumption of the receiving system by turning on the power only in a section to which a data group of a desired parade is allocated to receive data and turning off the power in other sections. This feature is particularly useful in portable receivers that require low power consumption. For example, assume that data groups of a first parade having a NOG of 3, a second parade having a NOG of 2, and a third parade having a NOG of 2 are allocated to one MPH frame as shown in FIG. 33. In addition, it is assumed that the user selects the mobile service included in the first parade through a remote controller or a keypad provided in the terminal. In this case, as shown in FIG. 33, the receiving system can turn on the power only in the slot to which the data group of the first parade is allocated and turn off the power in the remaining slots, thereby reducing power consumption. In this case, the actual data group to be received needs to be powered on a little earlier than the allocated slot so that the tuner or demodulator converges in advance.

Known data or training signal area allocation

The transmission system inserts a long, regular length of training sequence into each data group. In one embodiment, each data group includes six training sequences. The training sequences are specified before trellis coding. The training sequence is trellis coded, and the trellis coded sequences become known data sequences. This is because the memories of the trellis encoder are initialized according to the values set at the beginning of each sequence. 34 shows an example of inserting six training sequences at the byte level before trellis coding. 34 is an example of the arrangement of training sequences performed in the group formatter 303.

The first training sequence is inserted into the last two segments of MPH block B3. The second training sequence is inserted into the second and third segments of MPH block B4. The second training sequence is next to the signaling information region as shown in FIG. 5. The third to sixth training sequences are inserted into the last two segments of MPH blocks B4, B5, B6 and B7, respectively.

As in FIG. 34, the first, third to sixth training sequences are spaced 16 segments apart. In FIG. 34, a dotted area indicates a trellis data byte, and a lined area indicates a training data byte. And the white area indicates other data, such as FEC encoded mobile service data bytes or dummy data bytes.

FIG. 35 shows an example of inserting training sequences at a symbol level after trellis coding by a trellis encoder. In FIG. 35, a dotted area indicates a segment sync symbol, and a lined area indicates training data symbols. And the white area is for FEC coded mobile service data symbols, FEC coded signaling data symbols, main service data symbols, RS parity data symbols, dummy data symbols, trellis initialization symbols and / or initial training sequence. Indicates other data symbols, such as data symbols.

After the trellis coding, the last 1416 (= 588 + 828) symbols of the first, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth training sequences may normally have the same data pattern.

The second training sequence may have a first 528-symbol sequence and a second 528-symbol sequence, the two sequences being the same pattern. That is, the 528-symbol sequence is repeated after the 4-symbol data segment sync signal. And at the end of each training sequence, the memory values of the 12 trellis encoders are reset to zero.

Within the receiving system Demodulator

36 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a demodulator in a reception system according to the present invention. The demodulator of FIG. 36 may improve reception performance by performing carrier synchronization recovery, frame synchronization recovery, and channel equalization using known data information inserted and transmitted in a mobile service data section in a transmission system. In addition, the demodulator may reduce power consumption of the reception system by turning on the power only in the slot to which the data group of the parade including the mobile service desired to be received is allocated.

The demodulator according to the present invention may include a demodulator 1002, an equalizer 1003, a known data detector 1004, a block decoder 1005, an RS frame decoder 1006, and a derandomizer 1007. have. The demodulator may further include a data deinterleaver 1009, an RS decoder 1010, and a data derandomizer 1011. The demodulator may include a signaling information decoder 1013. The receiving system may also include a power controller 5000 that controls the power supply of the demodulator.

In the present invention, for convenience of description, the RS frame decoder 1006 and the derandomizer 1007 are referred to as a mobile service data processing unit, and the data deinterleaver 1009, the RS decoder 1010, and the data derandomizer 1011. ) Will be referred to as the main service data processing unit. For example, if the receiving system is a mobile-only receiving system, the main service data processor may be omitted.

That is, the frequency of the specific channel tuned through the tuner is down converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal, and the down converted data 1001 is output to the demodulator 1002 and the known data detector 1004. The down-converted data 1001 is then demodulated 1002 and known data detector 1004 via an analog / digital converter (ADC, not shown) that converts the passband analog IF signal into a digital IF signal. In an embodiment, the input is performed by

The demodulator 1002 performs automatic gain control, carrier recovery, and timing recovery on the input IF band digital IF signal, generates a baseband signal, and outputs the same to the equalizer 1003 and the known data detector 1004. .

The equalizer 1003 compensates for the distortion on the channel included in the demodulated signal and outputs it to the block decoder 1005.

At this time, the known data detector 1004 detects the known data position inserted by the transmitting side from the input / output data of the demodulator 1002, that is, the data before demodulation or the data of which the demodulation has been partially performed, A symbol sequence of known data generated at the position is output to the demodulator 1002 and the equalizer 1003. In addition, the known data detector (1004) is a block decoder (1005) for information to enable the block decoder (1005) to distinguish between the mobile service data that has undergone additional encoding and the main service data that does not undergo additional encoding at the transmitting side. Will output

Although the connection state is not illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 36, the information detected by the known data detector 1004 may be generally used in the reception system, or may be used in the RS frame decoder 1006 or the like.

The demodulator 1002 can improve the demodulation performance by using the known data symbol string at the time of timing recovery or carrier recovery. The equalizer 1003 can also use the known data to improve the equalization performance. . In addition, the equalization performance may be improved by feeding back the decoding result of the block decoder 1005 to the equalizer 1003.

Power on / off  Control

Data demodulated by the demodulator 1002 or channel equalized data by the equalizer 1003 is input to the signaling information decoder 1013. In addition, the known data information detected by the known data detector 1004 is also input to the signaling information decoder 1013.

The signaling information decoder 1013 extracts and decodes signaling information (eg, TPC information) from the input data, and provides the decoded signaling information as a necessary block. For example, the SCCC related information may be output to the block decoder 1005, and the RS frame related information may be output to the RS frame decoder 1006. In addition, the MPH frame related information may be output to the known data detector 1004 and the power controller 5000. The RS frame related information may include RS frame mode information and RS code mode information. The SCCC related information may include the same SCCC block mode information and SCCC outer code mode information. The MPH frame related information may include subframe count information, slot count information, parade_id information, SGN information, NOG information, and the like as shown in FIG. 32.

If the known data information output from the known data detector 1004 is used, the signaling information region in the data group can be known. That is, the first known data sequence (or training sequence) is inserted into the last two segments of MPH block B3 in the data group, and the second known data sequence is inserted between the second and third segments of MPH block B4. Is inserted. In this case, since the second known data stream is inserted after the signaling information area and received, the signaling information decoder 1013 extracts the signaling information of the signaling information area from the data output from the demodulator 1002 or the channel equalizer 1003. Can be decoded.

The power controller 5000 receives MPH frame related information from the signaling information decoder 1013 and controls the power of the tuner and the demodulator.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the power controller 5000 receives data by turning on power only in a slot to which a data group of a parade including a mobile service desired by a user is assigned, and turns off power in other slots.

For example, assume that data groups of a first parade having NOG 3, a second parade having NOG 2, and a third parade having NOG 2 are allocated to one MPH frame as shown in FIG. 33. In addition, it is assumed that the user selects the mobile service included in the first parade through a remote controller or a keypad provided in the terminal. In this case, as shown in FIG. 33, the power controller 5000 turns on the power only in the slot to which the data group of the first parade is allocated, and turns off the power in the remaining periods, thereby reducing power consumption.

Demodulator and known data detector

In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the reception system may receive a data frame (or VSB frame) including a data group in which a known data string is periodically inserted. The data group is divided into areas A through D as shown in FIG. 5, where area A is MPH blocks B4 to MPH block B7, area B is MPH blocks B3 and MPH block B8, and area C is MPH block B2 and MPH block B9. In an embodiment, the region D includes the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B10.

37 shows an example in which the transmitting side periodically inserts a known data string between actual data and transmits it. In FIG. 37, AS is the number of symbols of general data and BS is the number of symbols of known data. Therefore, known data of the BS symbol is inserted and transmitted in the period of the (AS + BS) symbol. The AS may be mobile service data, main service data, or a mixture of mobile service data and main service data. In the present invention, this AS is referred to as general data to distinguish it from known data.

In FIG. 37, each known data section in which the known data columns are periodically inserted includes the known data columns of the same pattern, and the lengths of the known data columns of the same pattern and the entire known data columns of the known data sections may be the same or different. . In other cases, the entire known data columns are longer than the known data columns of the same pattern, and the entire known data columns contain the same pattern of known data columns.

When the known data is periodically inserted between the regular data, the channel equalizer of the receiving system can use the known data as a training sequence to use the correct determination value and to estimate the impulse response of the channel. have.

Meanwhile, when known data of the same pattern is inserted periodically, each known data section may be used as a guard interval in the channel equalizer according to the present invention. The guard interval serves to prevent interference between blocks generated by the multipath channel. This is because the known data of the known data section behind the data block of the symbol (AS + BS) in FIG. 37 can be considered copied before the data block.

This structure is also called a cyclic prefix, which allows the impulse response of data blocks and channels transmitted in the transmission system to be circular convolution in the time domain. Therefore, in the channel equalizer of the receiving system, it is easy to perform channel equalization in the frequency domain using fast fourier transform (FFT) and inverse FFT (IFFT).

That is, since the data block received from the receiving system is expressed as the product of the data block and the channel impulse response (CIR) in the frequency domain, the channel equalization is simply performed by multiplying the inverse of the channel in the frequency domain during channel equalization. It is possible.

The known data detector 1004 may detect the known data position periodically inserted and transmitted, and may estimate an initial frequency offset during the known data detection process. In this case, the demodulator 1002 can more accurately estimate and compensate carrier frequency offset from the known data position information and the initial frequency offset estimate.

On the other hand, when the known data is transmitted in the structure as shown in FIG. 5, the known data detector 1004 first determines the position of the second known data area using the known data of the second known data area in which the same pattern is repeated twice. Detect.

In this case, since the known data detector 1004 knows the structure of the data group, when the position of the second known data area is detected, the symbol or segment is counted based on the position of the second known data area to count the symbols in the data group. The first, third to sixth known data area positions can be estimated. If the data group is a data group including field synchronization, the symbol or segment is counted based on the position of the second known data area to estimate the position of the field sync in the corresponding data group located temporally before the second known data area. can do. In addition, the known data detector 1004 may output the known data position information and the field synchronization position information in the parade including the mobile service selected by the user with reference to the MPH frame related information input from the signaling information decoder 1013.

The estimated known data position information and the field sync position information are provided to the demodulator 1002 and the channel equalizer 1003.

In addition, the known data detector 1004 may estimate an initial frequency offset using known data inserted into the second known data area, that is, the ACQ known data area. In this case, the demodulator 1002 can more accurately estimate and compensate carrier frequency offset from the known data position information and the initial frequency offset estimate.

38 is a detailed block diagram of a demodulator according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a phase splitter 1010, a numerically controlled oscillator NCO 1020, and a first multiplier 1030. , A resampler 1040, a second multiplier 1050, a matched filter 1060, a DC remover 1070, a timing recovery unit 1080, a carrier recovery unit 1090, and a phase compensator 1110 ) May be included.

The known data detector 1004 includes a known data detection and an initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 to estimate known data information and an initial frequency offset.

In FIG. 38 configured as described above, the phase separator 1010 receives a passband digital signal and separates the passband digital signals of real and imaginary components whose phases are 90 degrees from each other, that is, complex signals, and then divides the first multiplier 1030. Will output Here, for convenience of description, the real component signal output from the phase separator 1010 is called an I signal, and the imaginary component signal is called a Q signal.

The first multiplier 1010 multiplies a complex signal having a frequency proportional to a constant output from the NCO 1020 by a passband digital complex signal (I, Q) output from the phase separator 1010, Transmit the passband digital complex signal (I, Q) to a baseband digital complex signal. The baseband digital signal of the first multiplier 1030 is input to the resampler 1040.

The resampler 1040 resamples the signal output from the first multiplier 1030 according to the timing clock provided by the timing recovery unit 1080 and outputs the signal to the second multiplier 1050.

For example, when the analog-to-digital converter uses a 25 MHz fixed oscillator, the baseband digital signal having the 25-MHz frequency generated through the analog-to-digital converter, the phase separator 1010, and the first multiplier 1030 may be generated. The resampler 1040 recovers the baseband digital signal having a frequency twice the symbol clock of the received signal, for example, a frequency of 21.524476 MHz through interpolation. If the analog / digital converter uses the timing clock of the timing recovery unit 1080 as the sampling frequency, that is, performing A / D conversion using a variable frequency, the resampler 1040 is not necessary.

The second multiplier 1050 multiplies the output frequency of the carrier recovery unit 1090 by the output of the resampler 1040 to compensate for the residual carriers included in the output signal of the resampler 1040 and then matches the filter 1060. ) And to the timing recovery unit 1080.

The signal filtered by the matched filter 1060 is input to the DC remover 1070, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, and the carrier recovery unit 1090.

The known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 detects the position of the known data stream transmitted periodically or aperiodically and estimates an initial frequency offset during the known data detection process.

That is, while the data group as shown in FIG. 5 is received, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 detects the position of known data included in the data group, and provides the known sequence position indicator. The demodulator 1002 outputs the timing recovery unit 1080, the carrier recovery unit 1090, the phase compensator 1110, and the equalizer 1003. In addition, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 estimates an initial frequency offset and outputs the initial frequency offset to the carrier recovery unit 1090.

In this case, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 may receive an output of the matched filter 1060 or an output of the resampler 1040, which is a designer's option.

The timing recovery unit 1080 detects a timing error by using the output of the second multiplier 1050 and the known data position information detected by the initial data offset and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, and the detected timing error. A sampling clock proportional to is output to the resampler 1040 to adjust the sampling timing of the resampler 1040. In this case, the timing recovery unit 1080 may receive the output of the matching filter 1060 instead of the output of the second multiplier 1050, which is a designer's option.

Meanwhile, the DC remover 1070 removes the pilot tone (that is, DC) inserted at the transmitting side from the matched filtered signal and outputs it to the phase compensator 1110.

The phase compensator 1110 estimates a frequency offset by using DC-removed data, known data detection, and known data position information detected by the initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 in the DC eliminator 1070. Compensate for the phase change included in the output of the DC remover 1070. The data whose phase change is compensated for is input to the equalizer 1003. The phase compensator 1110 is optional. If the phase compensator 1110 is not provided, the output of the DC remover 1070 is input to the equalizer 1003.

FIG. 39 is an example of a diagram including detailed block diagrams of the timing recovery unit 1080, the carrier recovery unit 1090, and the phase compensation unit 1110 in the demodulator.

As an example, the timing recovery unit 1080 may include a decimator 1081, a buffer 1082, a timing error detector 1083, a loop filter 1084, a holder 1085, and an NCO 1086. ) May be included.

In one embodiment, the carrier recovery unit 1090 includes a buffer 1091, a frequency offset estimator 1092, a loop filter 1093, a holder 1094, an adder 1095, and an NCO 1096. It may include. A decimator may be included in front of the buffer 1091.

The phase compensator 1110 may include a buffer 1111, a frequency offset estimator 1112, a maintainer 1113, an NCO 1114, and a multiplier 1115.

In addition, a decimator 1200 may be included between the phase compensator 1110 and the equalizer 1003. The decimator 1200 may be included in front of the DC eliminator 1070 instead of the output terminal of the phase compensator 1110.

The decimators are necessary when the signal input to the demodulator 1002 is oversampled N times by the analog / digital converter. In other words, N represents a sampling rate of the received signal. For example, if the input signal is oversampled twice in the analog-to-digital converter (N = 2), it means that one sample contains two samples, in which case the decimators are half decimators. The decimators may be bypassed depending on whether or not the received signal is oversampled.

Meanwhile, the buffer 1091 of the carrier recovery unit 1090 receives input or output data of the matched filter 1060 and temporarily stores the received input or output data and outputs the result to the frequency offset estimator 1092. If a decimator is provided in front of the buffer 1091, the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is decimated by 1 / N in the decimator and then output to the buffer 1091. For example, if the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is oversampled twice, the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is decimated in decimator 1081 in half. It is then input to the buffer 1091. That is, the carrier recovery unit 1090 operates in units of symbols when a decimator is provided in front of the buffer 1091, and operates in units of oversample when there is no decimator.

The frequency offset estimator 1092 estimates a frequency offset using data before or after the matched filtering and known data detection and known data position information output from the initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, and then loop filter 1093. Will output That is, the frequency offset estimator 1092 estimates the frequency offset from the known data stream before or after the matched filtering and outputs the frequency offset to the loop filter 1093. Therefore, the estimated frequency offset value is obtained once for each repetition period of the known data string.

The loop filter 1093 low-pass filters the frequency offset value estimated by the frequency offset estimator 1092 and outputs it to the maintainer 1094.

The retainer 1094 maintains the low pass filtered frequency offset estimate for the period of the known data sequence and then outputs to the adder 1095. Here, the positions of the loop filter 1093 and the retainer 1094 may be interchanged. In addition, the function of the retainer 1094 may be included in the loop filter 1093, and the retainer 1094 may be omitted.

The adder 1095 adds an initial frequency offset value estimated by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and a frequency offset value output from the loop filter 1093 (or the maintainer 1094). Output to NCO 1096. If the adder 1095 is designed to receive a constant input to the NCO 1020, the NCO 1020 and the first multiplier 1030 may be omitted. In this case, the second multiplier 1050 may simultaneously perform transition and residual carrier removal to the baseband.

The NCO 1096 generates a complex signal corresponding to the output frequency offset of the adder 1095 and outputs the complex signal to the second multiplier 1050. The NCO 1096 may comprise a ROM. In this case, the NCO 1096 generates a compensation frequency corresponding to the frequency offset output from the adder 1095, reads a complex sine wave corresponding to the compensation frequency from the ROM, and outputs the complex sine wave to the second multiplier 1050.

The second multiplier 1050 multiplies the output of the resampler 1040 by the output of the NCO 1094 of the carrier recovery unit 1090 to remove the carrier offset included in the output signal of the resampler 1040.

FIG. 40 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an example of the frequency offset estimator 1092 of the carrier recovery unit 1090, according to known data detection and known data position information detected by the initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1. It works.

In this case, if the input or output data of the matched filter 1060 is input through a decimator, the frequency offset estimator 1092 operates in symbol units, and if there is no decimator, the frequency offset estimator 1062 operates in oversample units. In the present invention, operating in symbol units will be described as an embodiment.

40, a controller 1300, a first N symbol buffer 1301, a K symbol delayer 1302, a second N symbol delayer 1303, a conjugator 1304, a multiplier 1305, and an accumulator ( 1306, phase detector 1307, multiplier 1308, and multiplexer 1309.

FIG. 40 configured as described above describes an embodiment of operating during a known data interval. That is, the first N symbol buffer 1301 may store up to N input symbols, and the symbol data temporarily stored in the first N symbol buffer 1301 is input to the multiplier 1305.

At the same time, the input symbol is delayed by a K symbol in the K symbol delayer 1302 and then conjugated by the conjugate 1304 to the multiplier 1305 via the second N symbol buffer 1303.

The multiplier 1305 multiplies the output of the first N symbol buffer 1301 by the output of the conjugator 1304 to output to the accumulator 1306, and the accumulator 1306 outputs the output of the multiplier 1305 to N. Accumulate during the symbol and output to the phase detector 1307. The phase detector 1307 extracts phase information from the output of the accumulator 1306 and outputs the phase information to the multiplier 1308. The multiplier 1308 divides the phase information by K, and outputs the result to the multiplexer 1309. In this case, the value obtained by dividing the phase information by K becomes a frequency offset estimation value. That is, the frequency offset estimator 1092 is delayed by N symbols and N input data stored in the first N symbol buffer 1301 at the time when the input of the known data ends or a desired time, and thus the frequency offset estimator 1032 is transmitted to the second N symbol buffer 1303. The product of the complex conjugates of the stored N input data is accumulated for N symbols and divided by K to extract the frequency offset estimate.

The multiplexer 1309 selects an output of the multiplier 1308 or 0 according to a control signal of the controller 1300 and outputs the final frequency offset estimate.

The controller 1300 receives the known data position indicator from the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and controls the output of the multiplexer 1309. That is, the controller 1300 determines whether the frequency offset estimate output from the multiplier 1308 is valid from the known data position information. The controller 1300 selects an output of the multiplier 1308 in the multiplexer 1309 when the frequency offset estimate is valid, and selects 0 in the multiplexer 1309 when the frequency offset estimate is valid. Occurs.

In this case, the input signals stored in the first N symbol buffer 1301 and the second N symbol buffer 1303 may be signals received through the same channel through the same known data. Otherwise, the frequency offset estimation performance is greatly degraded by the influence of the transmission channel.

The N and K values of the frequency offset estimator 1092 of FIG. 40 may be variously determined. This is because only certain portions of known data that are repeated equally may be used. As an example, when data having a structure as shown in FIG. 37 is transmitted, N = BS, K = (AS + BS) can be set.

The estimation range of the frequency offset in the frequency offset estimator 1092 is determined by the K value. The larger the K value, the smaller the estimated range of the frequency offset. The smaller the K value, the larger the estimated range of the frequency offset. Therefore, when data having a structure as shown in FIG. 37 is transmitted, if the repetition period (AS + BS) of known data is long, the frequency offset estimation range is reduced. In this case, even though the initial frequency offset is estimated by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and then compensated by the second multiplier 1050, the residual frequency offset after compensation is used to determine the estimated range of the frequency offset estimator 1092. Can be exceeded.

As a way to compensate for this, the known data stream that is periodically transmitted can be configured with the same portion of repetition using cyclic extension. As an example, if the known data of FIG. 37 is composed of two identical portions of length BS / 2, N = BS / 2 and K = BS / 2 of the frequency offset estimator 1092 of FIG. 40 may be set. In this case, it is possible to have a wider estimation range than when using repeated known data.

Meanwhile, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 detects the position of the known data stream transmitted periodically or aperiodically and estimates an initial frequency offset during the known data detection process. .

The known data position information (Known Sequence Position Indicator) detected by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator (1004-1), the timing recovery unit (1080), carrier recovery unit (1090), phase compensation unit of the demodulator 1002 1110, and the equalizer 1003, and the estimated initial frequency offset is output to the carrier recovery unit 1090.

In this case, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 may receive an output of the matched filter 1060 or an output of the resampler 1040, which is a designer's option.

The frequency offset estimator of FIG. 40 may be applied to the frequency offset estimator of the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 or the phase compensator 1110 as it is.

FIG. 41 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an example of known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator according to the present invention, and shows an example of estimating an initial frequency offset together with known data position information. FIG. 41 illustrates a case in which an input signal is oversampled by N times. In other words, N represents a sampling rate of the received signal.

Referring to FIG. 41, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator includes N partial correlators 1411 to 141N configured in parallel, a known data position detection and frequency offset determiner 1420, a known data extractor 1430, and a buffer. 1440, multiplier 1450, NCO 1460, frequency offset estimator 1470, and adder 1480.

The first partial correlator 1411 consists of a 1 / N decimator and a partial correlator. The second partial correlator 1412 consists of a one sample delay, a 1 / N decimator, and a partial correlator. The Nth partial correlator 141N includes an N-1 sample delay unit, a 1 / N decimator, and a partial correlator.

This is to match the phase of each sample in the oversampled symbol with the phase of the original symbol, decimate the samples in the remaining phases, and then perform partial correlation respectively. That is, the input signal is decimated at a ratio of 1 / N for each sampling phase and passes through each partial correlator.

For example, if the input signal is oversampled twice, that is, N = 2, it means that one symbol contains two samples. In this case, two partial correlation parts (for example, 1411 and 1412) Required, 1 / N decimator is 1/2 decimator.

At this time, the 1 / N decimator of the first partial correlator 1411 decimates (removes) a sample between the symbol position and the symbol position among the input samples and outputs the partial correlator.

The 1-sample delay of the second partial correlation unit 1412 delays the input sample by 1 sample and outputs the 1-N decimator. Subsequently, the 1 / N decimator decimates (removes) a sample between the symbol position and the symbol position among the samples input from the 1 sample delay unit and outputs the partial correlator.

Each partial correlator outputs a correlation value and an approximate frequency offset estimation value at a predetermined period of the VSB symbol to the known data position detection and frequency offset determination unit 1420.

The known data position detection and frequency offset determiner 1420 stores the output of the partial correlator for each sampling phase for a data group period or a predetermined period, and then determines a position where the correlation value is the maximum among the values as the reception position of the known data. The frequency offset estimation value of the instant is finally determined as an approximate frequency offset value of the receiving system.

The known sequence position indicator is provided to a known data extractor 1430, a timing recoverer 1080, a carrier recoverer 1090, a phase compensator 1110, and an equalizer 1003. The approximate frequency offset is provided to adder 1480 and NCO 1460.

The buffer 1440 temporarily stores the received data and outputs the received data to the known data extractor 1430 while the N partial correlation units 1411 to 141N estimate the known data position detection and the approximate frequency offset.

The known data extractor 1430 extracts known data from the output of the buffer 1440 by using the known data position information output from the known data position detection and frequency offset determiner 1420 and then multiplies the multiplier 1450. Output

The NCO 1460 generates a complex signal corresponding to the approximate frequency offset output from the known data position detection and frequency offset determiner 1420 and outputs the complex signal to the multiplier 1450.

The multiplier 1450 multiplies the complex data of the NCO 1460 by the complex data of the NCO 1460 by the known data output from the known data extractor 1430 and outputs the known data whose frequency offset is compensated to the frequency offset estimator 1470.

The frequency offset estimator 1470 estimates the fine frequency offset from the known data with the approximate frequency offset compensated and outputs the fine frequency offset to the adder 1480.

The adder 1480 adds an approximate frequency offset and a fine frequency offset and outputs the result as an initial frequency offset to the adder 1095 of the carrier recovery unit 1090 in the demodulator 1002. That is, the present invention can improve the estimation performance of the initial frequency offset by estimating and using the fine frequency offset as well as the coarse frequency offset when initial synchronization is acquired.

If it is assumed that the known data is inserted into the data group and transmitted as shown in FIG. 5, the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 utilizes the correlation of the known data of the ACQ region in the first known data region. The initial frequency offset can be estimated.

The field synchronization position information estimated by the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1 and / or the position information of the known data periodically inserted into the data group are included in the timing error detector 1083 of the timing recovery unit 1080. ) And a frequency offset estimator 1092 of the carrier recovery unit 1090, a frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensator 1110, and an equalizer 1003.

FIG. 42 shows the structure of one of the partial correlators of FIG. 41. In the known data detection step, since the received signal includes a frequency offset, each partial correlator divides the reference known data known by appointment on the transmitting / receiving side into K parts having an L symbol length to correlate the corresponding part of the received signal. Take it.

To this end, one partial correlator may include K phase and magnitude detectors 1511 to 151K, an adder 1520, and an approximate frequency offset estimator 1530 configured in parallel.

The first phase and magnitude detector 1511 includes an L symbol buffer 1511-2, a multiplier 1511-3, an accumulator 1511-4, and a squarer 1511-5. The correlation value of the known data of the first L symbol length is obtained.

The second phase and magnitude detector 1512 includes an L symbol delay unit 1512-1, an L symbol buffer 1512-2, a multiplier 1512-3, an accumulator 1512-4, and a squarer 1512. Including -5), a correlation value of known data having a length of the second L symbol among K intervals is obtained.

The K-th phase and magnitude detector 151K includes a (K-1) L symbol delay unit (151K-1), an L symbol buffer 151K-2, a multiplier 151K-3, an accumulator 151K-4, And a squarer (151K-5) to obtain a correlation value of known data having a length of the K-th L symbol among K intervals.

In each multiplier of FIG. 42, {P0, P1, ..., PKL-1}, which is multiplied with a received signal, represents reference known data (i.e., reference known data generated on the receiving side) known to the transmitting / receiving side. , * Represents a complex conjugate.

Taking the first phase and magnitude detector 1511 as an example, the signal output from the 1 / N decimator of the first partial correlator 1411 of FIG. 41 is an L symbol buffer (1) of the first phase and magnitude detector 1511. 1511-2) is temporarily stored and then input to the multiplier 1511-3. The multiplier 1511-3 complex conjugates the output of the L symbol buffer 1511-2 and the known data P0, P1, ..., PL-1 of the first L symbol length among the K intervals already known. Multiply and output to the accumulator 1511-4. The accumulator 1511-4 accumulates the output of the multiplier 1511-3 during the L symbol and outputs the result to the squarer 1511-5 and the coarse frequency offset estimator 1530. The output of the accumulator 1511-4 is a correlation value having a phase and a magnitude. Accordingly, when the squarer 1511-5 takes an absolute value at the output of the multiplier 1511-4 and squares the absolute value, the magnitude of the correlation value is obtained, and the magnitude is input to the adder 1520.

The adder 1520 adds outputs of the squarers of the phase and magnitude detectors 1511 to 151K and outputs them to the known data position detection and frequency offset determiner 1420.

The coarse frequency offset estimator 1530 receives the outputs of the accumulators of the phase and magnitude detectors 1511 to 151K, estimates a coarse frequency offset in the corresponding sampling phase, and detects the known data position and the frequency offset determiner 1420. )

When the K inputs outputted from the accumulators of the phase and magnitude detectors 1511 to 151K are {Z ₀ , Z ₁ ,..., Z _{K -1} }, the approximate frequency offset estimator 130 is output. Can be obtained as in Equation 7 below.

The known data position detection and frequency offset determiner 1420 stores the output of the partial correlator for each sampling phase for a data group period or a predetermined period, and determines a position where the correlation value is the maximum among the values as the reception position of the known data. The frequency offset estimation value of the instant is determined as an approximate frequency offset value of the receiving system. For example, when one of the outputs of the partial correlator of the second partial correlator 1412 has a maximum value, the position is determined as a known data position, and the approximate frequency estimated by the second partial correlator 1412 is determined. The offset is determined as the final coarse frequency offset and output to the demodulator 1002.

The output of the second multiplier 1050 is input to a timing error detector 1083 through the decimator 1081 and the buffer 1082 of the timing recovery unit 1080.

If the output of the second multiplier 1050 is oversampled by N times, the output of the second multiplier 1050 is decimated at decimator 1081 to 1 / N and then to buffer 1082. Is entered. That is, the decimator 1081 decimates the input signal in a VSB symbol period. The decimator 1081 may also receive the output of the matched filter 1060 instead of the output of the second multiplier 1050.

The timing error detector 1083 detects a timing error using data before or after the matched filtering and known data detection and known data position information output from the initial frequency offset estimator 1004-1, and then loop filter 1084. Will output That is, the timing error detector 1083 detects a timing error from a known data string before or after matched filtering and outputs the timing error to the loop filter 1084. Therefore, the detected timing error information is obtained once for every repetition period of the known data string.

As an example, the timing error detector 1083 may detect a timing error by using the known data if a known data string having the same pattern is periodically inserted and transmitted as shown in FIG. 37.

There may be various methods for detecting timing errors using the known data. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a timing error is detected by using correlation characteristics between reference base data and reception data known by a promise of a transmitting / receiving side in a time domain, or a correlation characteristic of two known data received in a frequency domain. To detect the timing error. In another embodiment, the timing error may be detected by applying a spectral line method of detecting a timing error using a sideband of a spectrum of a received signal.

The loop filter 1084 filters and outputs the timing error detected by the timing error detector 1083 to the maintainer 1085.

The retainer 1085 maintains the timing error filtered out by the loop filter 1084 for a period of a known data string and then outputs it to the NCO 1086. Here, the positions of the loop filter 1084 and the retainer 1085 may be interchanged. In addition, the function of the retainer 1085 may be included in the loop filter 1084, and the retainer 1085 may be omitted.

The NCO 1086 accumulates the timing error output from the retainer 1085, and outputs the phase component of the accumulated timing error, that is, the sampling clock to the resampler 1040 to determine the sampling timing of the resampler 1040. Adjust.

FIG. 43 illustrates another embodiment of the timing recovery unit, and includes first and second timing error detectors 1611 and 1612, a mux 1613, a loop filter 1614, and an NCO 1615.

When a region having known data and a region having no known data are transmitted separately, a method of detecting a timing error may vary depending on the presence or absence of known data. And a timing error detector suitable for the presence or absence of known data can be used. Accordingly, in the case of FIG. 43, this is an effective case when it is applied to a case where a predetermined length of known data is inserted into a region inserted at a predetermined position and a region where known data is not inserted.

For example, the first timing error detector 1611 detects a timing error using the sideband of the spectrum of the received signal, and the second timing error detector 1612 uses a known data to detect the timing error. Suppose

The mux 1613 then selects the output of the first timing error detector 1611 in the region where there is no known data, and selects the output of the second timing error detector 1612 in the region where the known data is present, thereby providing a loop filter 1614. Can be designed to output Alternatively, in the region where the known data exists, the output of the first timing error detector 1611 and the output of the second timing error detector 1612 may be integrated and output to the loop filter 1614. This makes it possible to restore the timing clock more stably by detecting more reliable timing errors using the known data in the region where the known data exists.

The timing error detection method using the known data may be various. Two embodiments are described here for the timing error detection method. One method is to detect a timing error by using a correlation characteristic between reference base data and received data known by a promise of a transmitting / receiving party in a time domain, and the other is a correlation characteristic of two known data received in a frequency domain. Is a method of detecting timing errors.

44 and 45 show an example of detecting a timing error by obtaining a correlation value between the reference known data (i.e., reference data generated at the receiving side) and the received signal which are known by an appointment at the transmitting / receiving side.

First, FIG. 44A shows an example of obtaining a received signal sequence and a correlation value while moving the entire reference known data sequence repeated every data block period in accordance with the received signal sequence. At this time, the correlation value between the reference known data string and the received signal outputs a maximum value or a peak value at the last symbol position of the known data string of the received signal, as shown in (b) of FIG. 44.

45A illustrates an example of dividing a known data string into two or more portions to obtain a correlation value. In this case, the peaks of the correlation values of the known data occur at the last symbol position of the part where each known data is separated. The final peak value may be calculated by calculating the sum of the generated peak values as one value. 45 (b) shows a final cheek value that is the sum of the correlation values and the correlation values when the known data is correlated into three parts.

The timing error can be calculated from the peak position of the correlation value. As shown in FIG. 44, when one correlation value is obtained using one entire known data string, timing error detection may be detected once every data block period. However, by dividing the known data sequence as shown in FIG. 45 to obtain a correlation value with the received signal, a more accurate timing error can be calculated when the known data sequence has a low correlation with the whole. The peak of the correlation value corresponding to the divided number can be obtained.

When a single peak data is obtained by dividing a single known data string, and a peak value is calculated by summing these operations, it is necessary to obtain a correlation value by dividing the known data string into parts rather than using the entire known data string. The effect of errors can be reduced. In addition, when timing errors are detected using a plurality of correlation peak values, respectively, the timing restoration speed may be increased. For example, by dividing the reference known data stream known to the drug on the transmitting / receiving side into K parts and correlating the received signal with the received signal, the peaks of the correlation values in the known data stream can be obtained by K. As much as the timing error or the number of timing errors adjusted by the combination can be obtained. Therefore, when the full known data sequence is used, the dispersion of timing error detection values is small but the application period is long. When the partial known data sequence is used, the dispersion may be slightly increased, but the adaptation period may be shortened compared to the case where the full known data sequence is used. .

The timing error can be calculated from the peak portion of the correlation value. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 46, when one correlation value is obtained using the entire known data string, timing errors are detected once every data block period. However, by dividing the known data stream as shown in FIG. 45 to obtain a correlation value with the received signal, the peak of the correlation value corresponding to the number of known data streams can be obtained and the timing error can be detected as much as the divided number.

A method of detecting a timing error by obtaining a correlation value between the reference known data and the received data described with reference to FIGS. 44 and 45 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 46. In the figure, bold points indicate correlation values between known data and received data, and solid lines indicate the flow of the points approximately. The points indicate that correlation values are obtained for samples sampled at twice the period of the symbol clock.

In FIG. 46, if the influence of the random data is excluded and there is no noise and there is no error in the timing clock, the correlation value of the reference known data stream and the received data stream is shown in left and right symmetrical form with respect to the peak, similar to the shape of the solid line in the figure. However, if there is a timing phase error, the symmetry of the samples immediately before and after the peak is not maintained and there is a difference. Therefore, the timing error detection using the correlation value can be calculated using a value proportional to the difference between the immediately preceding value and the subsequent value of the peak value.

FIG. 47 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an example of a timing error detector that detects a timing error in the time domain by using the correlation value of the above-mentioned reference known data and a received signal. The example of FIG. 47 includes a correlator 1701, a down sampler 1702, an absolute value operator 1703, a delayer 1704, and a subtractor 1705.

The correlator 1701 receives data sampled at a clock faster than twice the symbol clock frequency, calculates a correlation with a known data symbol string, and outputs the correlation value to the down sampler 1702. The down sampler 1702 downsamples the correlation value by the sampling rate to obtain a sample of the symbol frequency. For example, if the received data input to the correlator 1701 is sampled at twice the symbol frequency, the down sampler 1701 downsamples 1/2 to obtain a sample of the symbol frequency. The correlation value of the down sampler 1701 is input to an absolute value calculator 1703, and the absolute value calculator 1703 obtains the absolute value or the square of the absolute value of the down-sampled correlation values to obtain a magnitude value having no phase component. Convert to component. The output of the absolute value calculator 1703 is provided to a delayer 1704 and a subtractor 1705. The subtractor 1705 outputs a difference between the square of the absolute value or the absolute value delayed by one symbol in the delayer 1704 and the square of the current absolute value or the absolute value as a timing error value. That is, the difference between the value of delaying the output of the absolute value calculator 1703 by one symbol and the output value of the absolute value calculator 1703 becomes a value proportional to the timing phase error.

Here, the procedural relationship of each block is not absolute and can be calculated by reordering each other within a logically valid range in which the result value does not change. For example, the operation may be performed in order of the down sampler, the correlator, and the absolute value calculator, or the operation may be performed in the order of the correlator, the absolute value operator, and the down sampler.

The timing error may be detected using the frequency characteristic of the known data. When a timing frequency error occurs, the phase increases and decreases as the frequency increases within the band of the signal in the frequency domain, and the slope of the phase increases and decreases according to the frequency of the next block compared to the current block. Therefore, the slope of the phase change according to the frequency using the frequency characteristic between two known data blocks can be detected and used as a timing frequency error.

48 exemplifies an example of detecting a timing frequency error using the above-described frequency characteristic of known data. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the currently received known data stream is transformed into a signal in the frequency domain, and a previously received known data stream is transformed into a signal in the frequency domain by FFT. A correlation value is calculated in the frequency domain by multiplying a conjugate value of the frequency response of the previous known data stream by each frequency value of the frequency response of the current known data stream. That is, the phase change between the known data blocks can be extracted at each frequency by obtaining a correlation value between the frequency values of the previous known data stream and the frequency values of the current known data stream. In addition, the influence of the phase distortion caused by the channel can be eliminated.

Since the frequency response of the complex VSB signal is not present in the whole region but only in the half, as in the example of the frequency response of FIG. 46, the frequency response of the complex VSB signal also exists only in the half region. In order to obtain the phase slope of the correlation value in the frequency domain, the frequency domain in which the correlation value exists is divided into two, and each phase of the values of the sum of the correlation values in the corresponding region in each region is obtained. In addition, the timing frequency error may be calculated by obtaining the difference between the two phases respectively obtained in the two regions.

To calculate the phase after adding correlation values at each frequency, when the components of each correlation value are divided into magnitude and phase, the magnitude component of each correlation value is proportional to the reliability and is proportional to this magnitude. This is to allow the component to affect the final phase component.

FIG. 49 discloses an example in which timing errors can be detected by the method disclosed in FIG. 48. The timing error detector of FIG. 49 includes an FFT unit 1801, a first delayer 1802, a conjugator 1803, a multiplier 1804, an adder 1805, a phase extractor 1806, and a second delayer 1807. , And a subtractor 1808. Here, the first delayer 1802 is one data block delayer, and the second delayer 1807 is a quarter data block delayer. The one data block means one block composed of frequency responses of N known data symbol strings.

That is, when a known data area is known and a received data symbol string is input, the FFT unit 1801 converts a complex value of consecutive N known data strings among the input data symbol strings into a complex value of a frequency domain, thereby obtaining a first value. Output to delay unit 1802 and multiplier 1804. The first delayer 1802 delays the complex value in the frequency domain of the known data by one data block and outputs the result to the conjugator 1803, and the conjugator 1803 conjugates the input complex value to the multiplier 1804. ) The multiplier 1804 multiplies the known data of the current data block output from the FFT unit 1801 with the known data of the previous data block output from the conjugator 1803 in sample units and outputs the complex data to the adder 1805. . That is, the outputs of the multiplier 840 are correlation values in the frequency domain within one known data block.

In this case, since the complex VSB data exists only in the half region in the frequency domain, the adder 1805 divides the meaningful data region in the known data block in half again and accumulates correlation values of the corresponding region in each region. Output to phase extractor 1806. The phase extractor 1806 extracts only phase information from the accumulated values in the two meaningful data regions and outputs the phase information to the second delayer 1807 and the subtractor 1808, respectively. Phase information delayed by a quarter block in the second delayer 1807 is input to the subtractor 1808.

The subtractor 1808 obtains the difference between the phase information delayed by the 1/4 data block in the second delayer 1807 and the phase information of the phase extractor 860, and outputs this value as a timing frequency error value.

As in an embodiment of the present invention, a method of obtaining a correlation value between known data and a received signal in a time domain and a timing error at its peak is performed when the received signal undergoes a multipath channel with a time delay. Although the shape may be affected by the channel a lot, in the case of obtaining a timing error by using a correlation value between previously received known data and subsequently received known data, the influence of the channel may be reduced.

In addition, the timing error detection method described above may perform timing error detection using all of the known data strings inserted by the transmitter, and in order to eliminate the influence of the multipath channel due to time delay, the influence of the random data according to the channel is less. Only part of the known data stream may be taken to perform timing error detection.

Meanwhile, the DC remover 1070 removes the pilot tone (that is, DC) inserted at the transmitting side from the matched filtered signal and outputs it to the phase compensator 1110.

FIG. 50 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a DC eliminator according to the present invention. Each of the real components (In-phase, I) and imaginary components (Quadrature, Q) of a complex input signal is subjected to the same signal processing. The DC value in the component is estimated and then removed.

For this purpose, FIG. 50 is largely comprised of first and second DC estimators and removers 1900 and 1950.

The first DC estimator and remover 1900 includes an R sample buffer 1901, a DC estimator 1902, an M sample maintainer 1901, a C sample delayer 1904, and a subtractor 1905. The DC of the component is estimated and removed.

The second DC estimator and remover 1950 includes an R sample buffer 1951, a DC estimator 1952, an M sample maintainer 1953, a C sample delayer 1954, and a subtractor 1955. The DC of the component is estimated and removed.

In the present invention, since only two input structures of the first and second DC estimator and cancellers 1900 and 1950 are different, the first DC estimator and canceller 1900 will be described in detail. Detailed description of 1950 is omitted.

That is, the signal of the real component matched and filtered by the matched filter 1060 is input to and stored in the R sample buffer 1901 of the first DC estimator and the remover 1900 in the DC remover 1070. The R sample buffer 1901 is a buffer having an R sample length, and an output of the R sample buffer 1901 is input to the DC estimator 1902 and the C sample delayer 1904.

The DC estimator 1902 estimates a DC value using Equation 8 below using data of the R sample length output from the buffer 1901.

In Equation 8, x [n] represents input sample data stored in the buffer 1901, and y [n] represents a DC estimated value.

That is, the DC estimator 1902 accumulates the R sample data stored in the buffer 1901 and estimates the DC value by dividing by R. At this time, the input sample data stored in the buffer 1901 is moved by M samples ( shift) to output a DC estimate once every M samples.

51 shows the movement of input sample data used for DC estimation. For example, when M = 1, the DC estimator 1902 estimates the DC value every time the sample moves to the buffer 1901 and outputs the result every sample. If M = R, the DC estimator 1902 estimates the DC value each time the R sample moves to the buffer 1901 and outputs the output for each R sample. In this case, the DC estimator 1902 is a block unit of the R samples. DC estimator Wherein the M value can be any value between 1 and R.

As described above, since the output of the DC estimator 1902 is generated every M samples, the M sample maintainer 1903 maintains the DC value estimated by the DC estimator 1902 for M samples and outputs the result to the subtractor 1905. The C sample delayer 1904 delays the input sample data stored in the buffer 1901 by C samples and outputs the result to the subtractor 1905. The subtractor 1905 subtracts the output of the M sample retainer 1903 from the output of the C sample delayer 1904 and outputs a signal from which the DC of the real component is removed.

Here, the C sample delayer 1904 determines which portion of the input sample data to compensate for the output of the DC estimator 1902. In detail, the DC estimator 1900 may be divided into a DC estimator 1902 for estimating DC and a subtractor 1905 for compensating the estimated DC value with input sample data. In this case, the C sample delayer 1904 determines which part of the input sample data is compensated for. For example, if C = 0, the DC estimate using the R sample is compensated at the beginning of the R sample. If C = R, the DC estimate using the R sample is compensated at the end of the R sample. .

The DC-free data is input to the buffer 1111 and the frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensator 1110 as described above.

FIG. 52 is a detailed block diagram illustrating another embodiment of the DC eliminator according to the present invention, and performs the same signal processing on the real component (In-phase, I) and the imaginary component (Q) of the complex input signal. After estimating the DC value in each component, remove it.

For this purpose, FIG. 52 is largely composed of first and second DC estimators and removers 2100 and 2150. 52 is an Infinite Impulse Reponse (IIR) structure.

The first DC estimator and remover 2100 includes a multiplier 2101, an adder 2102, a one sample delayer 2103, a multiplier 2104, a C sample delayer 2105, and a subtractor 2106. After estimating the DC of the real component, remove it.

The second DC estimator and remover 2150 includes a multiplier 2151, an adder 2152, a one sample delayer 2153, a multiplier 2154, a C sample delayer 2155, and a subtractor 2156. After estimating the DC of the imaginary component, remove it.

In the present invention, since only two input signals of the first and second DC estimators and removers 2100 and 2150 are different, the first DC estimator and the remover 2100 will be described in detail, and the second DC estimator and the remover 2 will be described in detail. Detailed description of 2150 will be omitted.

That is, the signal of the real component matched and filtered by the matched filter 1060 is input to the multiplier 2101 and the C sample delayer 2105 of the first DC estimator and remover 2100 in the DC remover 1070. The multiplier 2101 multiplies the input real component signal by a predetermined constant α and outputs the multiplier 2102 to the adder 2102. The adder 2102 adds the output of the multiplier 2101 and the output of the multiplier 2104 to be fed back and outputs it to the one sample delayer 2103 and the subtractor 2106. That is, the output of the adder 2102 is the DC value of the estimated real component.

The one sample delayer 2103 delays the estimated DC value by one sample and outputs the result to the multiplier ... 2104. The multiplier 2104 multiplies the DC value that has been delayed by one sample by a predetermined constant (1-α) and adds the adder ( 2102).

The C sample delayer 2105 delays the input sample data of the real component by C samples and outputs the result to the subtractor 2106. The subtractor 2106 subtracts the output of the adder 2102 from the output of the C sample delayer 2105 and outputs a signal from which the DC of the real component is removed.

The DC-removed data is input to the buffer 1111 and the frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensator 1110 of FIG. 39.

The frequency offset estimator 1112 is configured to remove DC from the DC remover 1070 when a known data string is input using the known data position information output from the known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator 9041. The frequency offset is estimated from the known data stream and output to the retainer 1113. Similarly, the frequency offset estimate is obtained once for each repetition period of the known data stream.

Thus, the maintainer 1113 maintains the frequency offset estimate for a period of known data sequences and then outputs it to the NCO 1114. The NCO 1114 generates a complex signal corresponding to the frequency offset maintained by the retainer 1113 and outputs the complex signal to the multiplier 1115.

The multiplier 1115 multiplies the data delayed in the buffer 1111 by a complex signal output from the NCO 1114 to compensate for the phase change included in the delayed data. The data whose phase change is compensated in the multiplier 1115 is provided to the equalizer 903 via the decimator 1500. In this case, the frequency offset estimated by the frequency offset estimator 1112 of the phase compensator 1110 represents a phase difference, that is, a phase offset between known data streams without passing through a loop filter.

Channel equalizer

Data demodulated using the known data in the demodulator 1002 is input to the equalizer 1003. The demodulated data may also be input to a known data detector 1004.

The channel equalizer 1003 may perform channel equalization in various ways. In the present invention, channel equalization is performed by estimating a channel impulse response (CIR).

In particular, the present invention describes that the estimation and application of the channel impulse response (CIR) are different according to each region in the data group layered and transmitted in the transmission system. In addition, the present invention is to make the channel equalization more stable by estimating the CIR using known data and / or field synchronization that knows the location and contents by the promise of the transmitting / receiving side.

At this time, one data group input for equalization is divided into areas A to D, as shown in FIG. 5, where A is an MPH block B4 to MPH block B7, B is an MPH block B3 and MPH block B8, and a C area. In the embodiment, the MPH block B2 and the MPH block B9 and the D region include the MPH block B1 and the MPH block B10.

Since up to four data groups may be allocated and transmitted in one VSB frame, not all data groups include field synchronization. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a data group including field synchronization performs channel equalization using field synchronization and known data, and a data group not including field synchronization performs channel equalization using only known data. . For example, in the case of the data group including the field synchronization, the data of the MPH block B3 may be channel equalized using the CIR obtained from the field synchronization and the CIR obtained from the known data of the first known data area. The data of the MPH blocks B1 and B2 can also be compensated for the channel distortion by using the CIR obtained from the field synchronization and the CIR obtained from the known data of the first known data area. However, in the case of the data group that does not include field synchronization, the CIR cannot be obtained from the field synchronization. Therefore, the data of the MPH blocks B1 to B3 cannot compensate for the channel distortion by using the CIR obtained from the first known data region and the third known data region. Can be.

The present invention performs channel equalization on data in a data group using the CIR estimated in the known data region, wherein one of the estimated CIRs may be used as it is, depending on the characteristics of each region of the data group. A CIR generated by interpolating or extrapolating a plurality of CIRs may be used.

Here, interpolation is a function value at some point between Q and S when the function value F (Q) at point Q and the function value F (S) at point S are known for a function F (x). This means estimating, and the simplest example of the interpolation is linear interpolation. The linear interpolation technique is the simplest of many interpolation techniques, and various other interpolation techniques may be used in addition to the above-described methods, and thus the present invention will not be limited to the examples described above.

Also, extrapolation can be used to determine the function value F (Q) at time Q and the function value F (S) at time S for a function F (x). It means to estimate the function value at the time point. The simplest example of such extrapolation is linear extrapolation. The linear extrapolation technique is the simplest of many extrapolation techniques, and various other extrapolation techniques may be used in addition to the above-described methods, and thus the present invention will not be limited to the examples described above.

FIG. 53 illustrates an embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention, and may further improve reception performance by estimating a residual carrier phase error and compensating for the channel equalized signal.

FIG. 53 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention. The first frequency domain transform unit 3100, the channel estimator 3110, the second frequency domain transform unit 3121, and coefficient calculation are shown in FIG. 3122, Distortion Compensator 3130, Time Domain Converter 3140, Residual Carrier Phase Error Canceler 3150, Noise Canceller (NC) 3160, and Decision Unit ( 3170).

The first frequency domain transform unit 3100 includes an overlap unit 3101 that overlaps input data, and an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) unit 3102 that converts output data of the overlap unit 3101 into a frequency domain. It is configured to include.

The channel estimator 3110 may include a CIR estimator 3111 for estimating a channel impulse response (CIR) from input data, and a phase compensator 3112 for compensating the phase of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111. , A first cleaner (Pre-CIR Cleaner) 3113, a CIR calculator 3114, a second cleaner (Post-CIR Cleaner) 3115, and a zero-padding unit 3116. .

The second frequency domain converter 3121 includes an FFT unit for converting the CIR output from the channel estimator 3110 into a frequency domain.

The time domain converter 3140 extracts only valid data from an IFFT unit 3141 for converting data whose distortion is compensated by the distortion compensator 3130 into a time domain, and output data of the IFFT unit 3141. And a save unit 3314.

The residual carrier phase error remover 3150 uses an error compensator 3151 to remove the residual carrier phase error included in the channel equalized data, and the channel equalized data and decision data of the determiner 3170. And a residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 which estimates the residual carrier phase error and outputs the residual carrier phase error to the error compensator 3151.

The distortion compensator 3130 and the error compensator 3151 may be any element that performs a complex multiplication role.

At this time, since the received data is data modulated by the VSB method, 8-level discrete data exists only in the real component. Therefore, all signals used in the noise canceling unit 3160 and the determiner 3170 in FIG. 53 are real signals. However, in order to estimate and compensate for the residual carrier phase error and phase noise, not only a real component but also an imaginary component is required, and thus the residual carrier phase error remover 3150 receives an imaginary component.

In general, the demodulator 1002 in the receiving system performs the frequency and phase recovery of the carrier before performing channel equalization. If the residual carrier phase error that is not sufficiently compensated is input to the channel equalizer, the performance of the channel equalization is degraded. Let's go. In particular, in the dynamic channel environment, the residual carrier phase error is larger than that of the static channel due to the drastic change of the channel, which is a major cause of reception performance degradation.

Also, a local oscillator (not shown) in a receiving system should ideally have a single frequency component, but in practice there is a frequency component outside the desired frequency, which is called the phase noise of the local oscillator. The phase noise is also a factor of deterioration of reception performance. Such residual carrier phase error and phase noise are difficult to compensate in a conventional channel equalizer.

Accordingly, the present invention can improve the channel equalization performance by including a carrier recovery loop, ie, the residual carrier phase error removal unit 3150, in the channel equalizer to remove the residual carrier phase error and phase noise, as shown in FIG. 53.

That is, the received demodulated data in FIG. 53 is superimposed at a preset overlap ratio by the overlapping unit 3101 of the first frequency domain converter 3100 and output to the FFT unit 3102. The FFT unit 3102 converts the overlapped data of the time domain into overlapped data of the frequency domain through an FFT and outputs the overlapped data to the distortion compensator 3130.

The distortion compensator 3130 complexly multiplies the equalization coefficient calculated by the coefficient calculator 3122 with the overlapped data of the frequency domain output from the FFT unit 3102 of the first frequency domain transform unit 3100 to perform the FFT unit. After compensating for the channel distortion of the superimposed data output from 3102, the channel distortion is output to the IFFT unit 3141 of the time domain converter 3140. The IFFT unit 3141 IFFTs the overlapped data whose distortion of the channel is compensated, converts the data into a time domain, and outputs the converted data to the save unit 3314. The save unit 3322 extracts only valid data from the overlapped data of the channel equalized time domain and outputs the valid data to the error compensator 3151 of the residual carrier phase error remover 3150.

The error compensator 3151 removes the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise included in the valid data by multiplying the valid data extracted in the time domain by a signal for compensating the estimated residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

The data of which the residual carrier phase error is compensated for in the error compensator 3151 is output to the residual carrier phase error estimator 3151 to estimate the residual carrier phase error and phase noise, and at the same time, the noise canceling unit 3160).

The residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 estimates the residual carrier phase error and phase noise by using the output data of the error compensator 3151 and the decision data of the determiner 3170, and estimates the estimated residual carrier phase error and phase noise. A signal for compensating for noise is output to the error compensator 3151. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the estimated reciprocal of the estimated residual carrier phase error and phase noise is output as a signal for compensating the residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

FIG. 54 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the residual carrier phase error estimator 3152, and includes a phase error detector 3211, a loop filter 3212, and a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) 3213. And a conjugator 3214. In Fig. 54, the decision data and the output of the phase error detector 3211 and the output of the loop filter 3212 are real signals, the output of the error compensator 3151, the output of the NCO 3213 and the output of the condenser 3214. Is a complex signal.

The phase error detector 3211 receives the output data of the error compensator 3151 and the decision data of the determiner 3170, estimates the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise, and outputs the result to the loop filter 3212.

The loop filter 3212 filters out the residual carrier phase error and phase noise, and outputs the result to the NCO 3213. The NCO 3213 generates a sine wave corresponding to the filtered residual carrier phase error and the phase noise and outputs the sine wave to the conjugator 3214.

The conjugate 3214 obtains the conjugate value of the sinusoidal wave of the NCO 3213 and outputs the conjugate value to the error compensator 3151. At this time, the output data of the conjugator 3214 is a signal that compensates for the residual carrier phase error and phase noise, that is, the inverse of the residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

The error compensator 3151 complexes the equalized data output from the time domain converter 3140 and a signal for compensating for the residual carrier phase error and phase noise output from the conjugator 3214 and equalizes the equalized data. Eliminate residual carrier phase error and phase noise included in.

On the other hand, the phase error detector 3211 may estimate the residual carrier phase error and phase noise by various methods and structures. In one embodiment, the residual carrier phase error and phase noise are estimated in a decision-directed manner.

The decision-oriented phase error detector according to the present invention uses only a real value in the correlation value between the channel equalized data and the decision data when there is no residual carrier phase error and phase noise in the channel equalized data.

That is, when there is no residual carrier phase error and phase noise, if the input data of the phase error detector 3211 is xi + jxq, the correlation between the input data of the phase error detector 3211 and the determination data is expressed by the following equation. Equation 9

In this case, since xi and xq have no correlation, the correlation between xi and xq is 0. Therefore, the correlation value has only a real value in the absence of residual carrier phase error and phase noise. However, if residual carrier phase error and phase noise exist, the imaginary component appears in the correlation value because the real component appears in the imaginary part and the imaginary component appears in the real part.

Therefore, the imaginary part of the correlation value and the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise may be considered to be proportional. The imaginary part of the correlation value may be used as the residual carrier phase error and phase noise as shown in Equation 10 below.

를 힐버트 변환하여 허수부 결정 데이터

를 만들고, 이를 복소수 구성부(3312)로 출력한다. 상기 복소수 구성부(3312)는 결정 데이터

와

를 이용하여 복소 결정 데이터

를 구성하여 콘쥬게이터(3313)로 출력한다. 상기 콘쥬게이터(3313)는 복소수 구성부(3312)의 출력을 콘쥬게이트시켜 곱셈기(3314)로 출력한다. 상기 곱셈기(3314)는 에러 보상부(3151)의 출력 데이터

와 상기 콘쥬게이터(3313)의 출력 데이터

를 복소곱한다. 즉 상기 곱셈기(3314)의 출력이 에러 보상부(3151)의 출력 데이터와 결정기(3170)의 결정 데이터와의 상관값이 된다. 상기 곱셈기(3314)에서 구한 상관 데이터는 위상 에러 출력부(3315)로 입력된다. Fig. 55 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the structure of the phase error detector 3211 for obtaining the residual carrier phase error and phase noise. The figure shows a Hilbert transform part 3311, a complex number part 3312, and a conjugator 3313. ), A multiplier 3314, and a phase error output unit 3315. That is, the Hilbert transform unit 3311 determines the decision data of the determiner 3170.

The imaginary part by Hilbert transform

And output it to the complex number unit 3312. The complex number unit 3312 determines decision data.

Wow

Complex decision data using

It configures and outputs to the conjugator 3313. The conjugate 3313 conjugates the output of the complex number component 3312 and outputs the result to the multiplier 3314. The multiplier 3314 outputs data of the error compensator 3151.

And output data of the conjugator 3313

Multiply by. That is, the output of the multiplier 3314 becomes a correlation value between the output data of the error compensator 3151 and the decision data of the determiner 3170. The correlation data obtained by the multiplier 3314 is input to the phase error output unit 3315.

을 잔류 반송파 위상 에러 및 위상 잡음으로서 출력한다. The phase error output unit 3315 is an imaginary part of the correlation data output from the multiplier 3314.

Is output as residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

The phase error detector of FIG. 55 is an example of various phase error detection schemes, and various other phase error detectors may be applied, and thus the present invention will not be limited to the above-described embodiment. In another embodiment of the present invention, two or more phase error detectors may be combined to detect residual carrier phase error and phase noise.

The output of the residual carrier phase error canceling unit 3150 from which the residual carrier phase error and phase noise detected in this manner are colored by amplifying white noise during the channel equalization process and the original signal from which the channel equalization and residual carrier phase error and phase noise are removed. It consists of the sum of the noise signals.

Accordingly, the noise remover 3160 receives the output data of the residual carrier phase error remover 3150 and the decision data of the determiner 3170 to estimate colored noise. The estimated color noise is subtracted from the data from which the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise have been removed, thereby removing the amplified noise during the equalization process.

To this end, the noise removing unit 3160 may include a subtractor and a noise predictor. That is, the subtractor subtracts the noise predicted by the noise predictor from the output data of the residual carrier phase error remover 3150 and outputs a signal from which the amplified noise is removed for data recovery and simultaneously to the determinator 3170. The noise predictor calculates a noise component by subtracting the output of the determiner 3170 from the signal from which the residual carrier phase error removal unit 3150 is removed, and uses the noise predictor as a filter input in the noise predictor. The noise predictor predicts a colored noise component included in an output symbol of the residual carrier phase error remover 3150 by using the filter (not shown), and outputs the color noise component to the subtractor.

The data from which the noise is removed by the noise remover 3160 is output for data decoding and simultaneously to the determiner 3170.

The determiner 3170 selects a plurality of preset decision data, for example, decision data that is closest to the output of the noise canceller 3160, from among the plurality of decision data, for example, the residual carrier phase error estimator 3152 and the noise. Output to removal unit 3160.

Meanwhile, the demodulated received data is input to the overlapping unit 3101 of the first frequency domain converter 3100 in the channel equalizer and also to the CIR estimator 3111 of the channel estimator 3110.

The CIR estimator 3111 estimates the CIR using a training sequence and outputs the CIR to the phase compensator 3112. If the data to be channel equalized is data in a data group including field synchronization, the training sequence used in the CIR estimator 3111 may be field synchronization data and known data. However, if the data to be channel equalized is data in a data group that does not include field synchronization, the training sequence may be known data only.

For example, the CIR estimator 3111 estimates an impulse response of a channel using data received during a known data interval and reference known data generated at a receiver by an appointment of the transmitter / receiver. To this end, the CIR estimator 3111 is provided with known data position information from the known data detector 1004.

In addition, if the CIR estimator 3111 is a data group including field synchronization, an impulse response (CIR_FS) of a channel using data received during a field synchronization period and reference field synchronization data generated at a receiving side by an appointment of the transmitting / receiving side. ) Can be estimated. To this end, the CIR estimator 3111 may be provided with field sync position information from the known data detector 1004.

The CIR estimator 3111 may estimate a channel impulse response (CIR) in a least square (LS) manner.

의 행렬 연산을 하여 전송 채널의 임펄스 응답(CIR)을 추정하는 방법이다.The LS estimation method obtains a cross correlation value p between known data transmitted through a channel and known data known to a receiver during a known data interval, and obtains an autocorrelation matrix R of the known data. Then remove the autocorrelation that exists in p, the cross-correlation between the received data and the original data.

It is a method of estimating the impulse response (CIR) of a transmission channel by performing a matrix operation of.

The phase compensator 3112 compensates for the phase change of the estimated CIR and outputs it to the first cleaner 3113 or the CIR calculator 3114. In this case, the phase compensator 3112 may compensate for the phase change of the CIR estimated by the Maximum likelihood method.

That is, the residual carrier phase error and phase noise included in the demodulated received data change the phase of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111 for every known data string. At this time, if the phase change rate of the input CIR used for linear interpolation is large and the phase change is not linear, the channel equalization performance is deteriorated by obtaining the equalization coefficient from the CIR estimated through linear interpolation.

Accordingly, the present invention removes the phase change of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111 so that the distortion compensator 3130 passes the residual carrier phase error and the phase noise component without compensating for them, and the residual carrier phase error remover. 3150 compensates for the residual carrier phase error and phase noise components.

To this end, the present invention allows the phase compensator 3112 to remove the phase change amount of the CIR estimated by the Maximum likelihood method.

The basic concept of the maximum likelihood phase compensation method estimates a phase component common to all CIR components, multiplies the inverse of the common phase component by an estimated CIR, and multiplies the common phase component by a channel equalizer, that is, a distortion compensator 3130. ) Is not to compensate.

라 할 때, 새로 추정한 CIR은 이전에 추정한 CIR에 비해 위상이

만큼 회전되어 있다. 상기 Maximum likelihood 위상 보상법은 t 시점에서의 CIR을 h_i(t)라 할 때, h_i(t)를

만큼 회전시켰을 때 t+1 시점에서의 CIR인 h_i(t+1)과의 차의 제곱값이 최소가 되는 위상

를 찾는다. 여기서 i는 추정된 CIR의 탭(tap)을 나타내며, CIR 추정기(3111)에서 추정하는 CIR의 탭 수를 N으로 하였다면, 0이상 N-1이하의 값을 가진다. That is, the common phase component

In this case, the newly estimated CIR is out of phase with the previously estimated CIR.

Rotated by. In the maximum likelihood phase compensation method, when the CIR at time t is h _i (t), h _i (t) is calculated.

Phase that minimizes the square of the difference between h _i (t + 1) and CIR at time t + 1.

Find it. I denotes a tap of the estimated CIR, and if the number of taps of the CIR estimated by the CIR estimator 3111 is N, it has a value of 0 or more and N-1 or less.

This can be summarized as Equation 11 below.

에 대해 미분한 값이 0이 되는 조건을 만족하는

가 하기의 수학식 12와 같이 maximum likelihood 관점에서 공통 위상 성분

이 된다.The right side of the equation (11)

Satisfies the condition that the derivative is 0 for

Is a common phase component in terms of maximum likelihood, as shown in Equation 12 below.

Becomes

Equation 12 is summarized as in Equation 13 below.

가 된다. That is, the argument of the correlation between h _i (t) and h _i (t + 1) is to be estimated.

Becomes

을 구하고, 추정된 위상 성분을 추정된 CIR에서 보상하는 위상 보상기의 일 실시예를 보이고 있다. 56 shows a common phase component as above.

And an embodiment of a phase compensator for compensating the estimated phase component in the estimated CIR.

Referring to FIG. 56, a phase compensator includes a correlation operator 3410, a phase change estimator 3420, a compensation signal generator 3430, and a multiplier 3440.

The correlation operator 3410 includes a first N symbol buffer 3411, an N symbol delayer 3412, a second N symbol buffer 3413, a conjugator 3414, and a multiplier 3415.

That is, the first N symbol buffer 3411 in the correlation calculator 3410 may store up to N symbols of data input from the CIR estimator 3111 in symbol units and temporarily store the data in the first N symbol buffer 3411. The stored symbol data is input to a multiplier 3415 and a multiplier 3440 in the correlation operator 3410.

At the same time, the symbol data output from the CIR estimator 3111 is delayed by N symbols in the N symbol delayer 3412 and then conjugated in the conjugate 3414 via the second N symbol buffer 3413. Input to multiplier 3415.

The multiplier 3415 multiplies the output of the first N symbol buffer 3411 and the output of the conjugator 3414 and outputs the multiplier 341 in the phase change estimator 3420.

That is, the accumulator of the correlation computing unit 3410 is current CIR of h _i (t + 1) and before CIR of h _i (t) the phase shift estimator 3420, obtain a correlation value having a N length having a N length ( 3421).

를 구하여 보상 신호 생성기(3430)로 출력한다. The accumulator 341 accumulates the correlation value output from the multiplier 3415 for N symbols and outputs the result to the phase detector 3422. The phase detector 3342 is a common phase component as shown in Equation 12 from the output of the accumulator 3421.

To obtain the output to the compensation signal generator 3430.

를 위상 보상 신호로서 곱셈기(3440)로 출력한다. 상기 곱셈기(3440)는 상기 제1 N 심볼 버퍼(3411)에서 출력되는 현재 CIR인 h_i(t+1)에 위상 보상 신호

를 곱하여 추정된 CIR의 위상 변화량을 제거한다.The compensation signal generator 3430 has a complex signal having a phase opposite to that of the detected phase.

Is output to the multiplier 3440 as a phase compensation signal. The multiplier 3440 has a phase compensation signal at h _i (t + 1) which is the current CIR output from the first N symbol buffer 3411.

Multiply by to remove the estimated amount of phase change in CIR.

As such, the phase compensator 3112 of the Maximum likelihood method obtains a phase component of a correlation value between an input CIR and a previous CIR delayed by N symbols, generates a phase compensation signal having a phase opposite to the obtained phase, and is estimated. By multiplying the CIR, the estimated amount of phase change in the CIR is removed.

The CIR compensated for the phase change as described above is input to the CIR calculator 3114 through the first cleaner 3113 or bypasses the first cleaner 3113. The CIR calculator 3114 interpolates or extrapolates the estimated CIR to the second cleaner 3115. The estimated CIR is the CIR whose phase change is compensated for.

Depending on whether the CIR calculator 3114 interpolates or extrapolates the estimated CIR, the first cleaner 3113 may or may not operate. For example, when the interpolation is performed on the estimated CIR, the first cleaner 3113 is not operated. When the extrapolation is performed on the estimated CIR, the first cleaner 3113 is operated.

That is, the CIR estimated from the known data includes not only the channel component to be obtained but also the jitter component due to noise. Since this jitter component is a factor that degrades the equalizer performance, it is preferable to remove the jitter component before using the CIR in the coefficient calculator 3122. Accordingly, in the embodiment, the first and second cleaners 3113 and 3115 remove a portion of the input CIR component whose power is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold (ie, make it '0'). do. This removal process is called CIR cleaning.

That is, CIR interpolation in the CIR calculator 3114 is estimated by the CIR estimator 3112 and multiplies and adds coefficients to two CIRs whose phase change is compensated in the phase compensator 3112, respectively. At this time, some of the noise components of the CIR are added to each other to cancel. Accordingly, when CIR interpolation is performed in the CIR calculator 3114, the original CIR in which the noise component remains is used. That is, when CIR interpolation is performed by the CIR operator 3114, the estimated CIR whose phase change is compensated by the phase compensator 3112 is input to the CIR operator 3114 by bypassing the first cleaner 3113. The CIR interpolated by the CIR calculator 3114 is cleaned by the second cleaner 3115.

On the other hand, the CIR extrapolation in the CIR calculator 3114 is performed by estimating the CIR located outside the two CIRs by using a difference between two CIRs whose phase change is compensated in the phase compensator 3112. Therefore, the noise component of the CIR is amplified at this time. Therefore, when CIR extrapolation is performed in the CIR calculator 3114, the CIR cleaned by the first cleaner 3113 is used. That is, when the CIR extrapolation is performed by the CIR calculator 3114, the extrapolated CIR is input to the zero padding unit 3116 via the second cleaner 3115.

On the other hand, the length of the CIR input and the FFT size do not match when converting the CIR that is clinked and output from the second cleaner 3115 into the frequency domain by the second frequency domain converter 3121. May occur. That is, a case where the length of the CIR is smaller than the FFT size may occur. In this case, the zero padding unit 3116 adds '0' to the CIR by the difference between the FFT size and the input CIR length and outputs the same to the second frequency domain converter 3121. The zero-padded CIR may be one of interpolated CIRs, extrapolated CIRs, and CIRs estimated from known data intervals.

The second frequency domain transforming unit 3121 converts the input CIR of the time domain into a CIR of the frequency domain and outputs the CIR to the coefficient calculating unit 3122.

The coefficient calculator 3122 calculates an equalization coefficient by using the CIR of the frequency domain output from the second frequency domain converter 3121, and outputs the equalization coefficient to the distortion compensator 3130. In this example, the coefficient calculator 3122 obtains an equalization coefficient of a frequency domain that minimizes a mean square error (MMSE) from the CIR of the frequency domain and outputs the equalization coefficient to the distortion compensator 3130. .

The distortion compensator 3130 complexly multiplies the equalization coefficient calculated by the coefficient calculator 3122 with the overlapped data of the frequency domain output from the FFT unit 3102 of the first frequency domain transform unit 3100 to perform the FFT unit. Compensate for the channel distortion of the overlapping data output at 3102.

FIG. 57 illustrates another embodiment in which a channel impulse response (CIR) is differently estimated and applied according to areas A, B, C, and D when the data group is divided into the structure of FIG. 5.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, since sufficiently long known data is periodically transmitted in the A / B region (ie, MPH blocks B3 to B8), an indirect equalization method using CIR can be used, but the C / D region ( That is, in the MPH blocks B1, B2, B9, and B10, not only the known data can be transmitted long enough, but also periodically cannot be transmitted regularly, which is not suitable for estimating the CIR using the known data. Therefore, in the C / D domain, the direct equalization method using the output of the equalizer should be used.

For example, indirect equalization channel equalization using cyclic prefix and CIR is performed on the data in the A / B area, and the overlap & save method is used on the data in the C / D area. A direct equalization channel equalization that updates the equalizer coefficients may be performed.

To this end, the frequency domain channel equalizer of FIG. 57 includes a frequency domain converter 3510, a distortion compensator 3520, a time domain converter 3530, a first coefficient calculator 3540, a second coefficient calculator 3550, and Coefficient selection unit 3560 may be included.

The frequency domain converter 3510 may include an overlapping unit 3511, a selecting unit 3512, and a first FFT unit 3513.

The time domain converter 3530 may include an IFFT unit 3531, a save unit 3532, and a selector 3535.

The first coefficient calculating unit 3540 may include a CIR estimator 3551, an average calculating unit 3542, a second FFT unit 3543, and a coefficient calculating unit 3444.

The second coefficient calculator 3550 includes a determiner 3551, a selector 3652, a subtractor 3553, a zero padding unit 3554, a third FFT unit 3555, a coefficient updater 3556, and a delay unit. (3557).

In this case, the selector 3512 of the frequency domain converter 3510, the selector 3535 of the time domain converter 3530, and the coefficient selector 3560 may be used to determine whether current input data is data of an A / B domain. The data may be configured as a multiplexer (ie, mux) that selects input data depending on whether the data is in the C / D area.

When the data input in FIG. 57 configured as described above is the data of the A / B area, the selecting unit 3512 of the frequency domain converter 3510 selects the input data from the input data and the output data of the overlapping unit 3511, and time The selection unit 3535 of the area converter 3530 selects output data of the IFFT unit 3531 from among output data of the IFFT unit 3531 and output data of the save unit 3532. The coefficient selector 3560 selects an equalization coefficient output from the first coefficient calculator 3540.

On the other hand, if the input data is data of the C / D region, the selecting unit 3512 of the frequency domain converting unit 3510 selects the output data of the overlapping unit 3511 among the input data and the output data of the overlapping unit 3511, The selector 3533 of the time domain converter 3530 selects the output data of the save unit 3532 from the output data of the IFFT unit 3531 and the output data of the save unit 3532. The coefficient selector 3560 selects an equalization coefficient output from the second coefficient calculator 3550.

That is, the received data is input to the overlapping unit 3511, the selecting unit 3512, and the first coefficient calculating unit 3540 of the frequency domain transform unit 3510. If the input data is data in the A / B area, the selector 3512 selects the received data and outputs the received data to the first FFT unit 3513. If the data is in the C / D area, the selector 3512 overlaps the overlapped data. Selects and outputs the first FFT unit 3513. The first FFT unit 3513 transforms the time domain data output from the selector 3512 into a frequency domain by converting the data in the time domain into a frequency domain, and then delays 3575 of the distortion compensator 3520 and the second coefficient calculator 3550. )

The distortion compensator 3520 complexes the equalization coefficient output from the coefficient selector 3560 to the data in the frequency domain output from the first FFT unit 3513 to output the data from the first FFT unit 3513. The channel distortion is compensated for and output to the IFFT unit 3531 of the time domain converter 3530.

The IFFT unit 3531 of the time domain converter 3530 converts data compensated for distortion of a channel into IF domain by IFFT converting the data to the save unit 3532 and the selector 3535. The selector 3535 selects output data of the IFFT unit 3531 if the input data is data of the A / B area, and selects valid data extracted from the save unit 3532 if the data of the C / D area is selected. At the same time as the decoding for output to the second coefficient calculation unit 3550.

The CIR estimator 3551 of the first coefficient calculating unit 3540 estimates the CIR using data received during the known data interval and reference known data generated at the receiving side by the appointment of the transmitting / receiving side and then averages the calculating unit ( 3542). In addition, the CIR estimator 3551 may estimate the CIR using data received during the field sync period and reference field sync data generated at the receiver, and output the estimated CIR to the average calculating unit 3542.

The average calculating unit 3542 obtains an average value of successive CIRs which are input, and outputs the average value to the second FFT unit 3543.

The second FFT unit 3543 converts the input CIR of the time domain into the frequency domain and outputs the FIR to the coefficient calculator 3504.

The coefficient calculator 3504 calculates an equalization coefficient satisfying a condition for minimizing the mean square error using the CIR in the frequency domain and outputs the equalization coefficient to the coefficient selector 3560.

The determiner 3551 of the second coefficient calculator 3550 selects a decision value closest to the equalized data among the eight decision values and outputs the selected decision value to the selector 3652. The selector 3652 selects the determined value of the determiner 3551 in the general data section, and selects the known data in the known data section and outputs the known data to the subtractor 3553. The subtractor 3553 subtracts the output of the selector 3535 of the time domain converter 3530 from the output of the selector 3552 to obtain an error and outputs the error value to the zero padding unit 3554.

The zero padding unit 3554 adds a zero corresponding to an amount of overlapping received data to an input error and outputs the zero padding unit 3555 to the third FFT unit 3555. The third FFT unit 3555 converts an error in the time domain to which zero is added to an error in the frequency domain, and outputs the error to the coefficient updater 3556. The coefficient updater 3556 updates the previous equalization coefficient using the data of the frequency domain delayed by the delayer 3575 and the error of the frequency domain, and outputs the previous equalization coefficient to the coefficient selector 3560. The updated equalization coefficient is then stored for use as a previous equalization coefficient.

The coefficient selector 3560 selects an equalization coefficient calculated by the first coefficient calculator 3540 when the input data is data in the A / B region, and updates it by the second coefficient calculator 3550 when the data is in the C / D region. The equalization coefficients are selected and output to the distortion compensator 3520.

FIG. 58 illustrates another embodiment of a channel equalizer for differentiating and applying a channel impulse response (CIR) according to areas A, B, C, and D when data groups are divided into the same structure as in FIG. 5. .

For example, indirect equalization channel equalization using overlapping & save CIR is performed on data in A / B area, and direct equalization channel equalization using overlapping & save method is applied to data in C / D area. Can be performed.

For this purpose, the channel equalizer of FIG. 58 includes a frequency domain transformer 3610, a distortion compensator 3620, a time domain transformer 3630, a first coefficient calculator 3640, a second coefficient calculator 3650, and coefficient selection. A portion 3660 may be included.

The frequency domain transform unit 3610 may include an overlap unit 3611 and a first FFT unit 3612.

The time domain converter 3630 may include an IFFT unit 3611 and a save unit 3632.

The first coefficient calculator 3640 may include a CIR estimator 3641, an interpolator 3542, a second FFT unit 3643, and a coefficient calculator 3644.

The second coefficient calculator 3650 includes a determiner 3701, a selector 3652, a subtractor 3653, a zero padding unit 3654, a third FFT unit 3655, a coefficient updater 3656, and a delay unit. (3657).

In this case, the coefficient selector 3660 may be configured as a multiplexer (ie, mux) that selects input data according to whether the current input data is data of an A / B area or data of a C / D area. That is, the coefficient selector 3660 selects an equalization coefficient of the first coefficient calculator 3640 if the input data is data in the A / B region, and equalizes the second coefficient calculator 3650 if the data is in the C / D region. Select the coefficient.

In FIG. 58 configured as described above, the received data is input to the overlapping part 3611 and the first coefficient calculating part 3640 of the frequency domain transforming part 3610. The overlap unit 3611 overlaps the input data according to a preset overlap ratio and outputs the input data to the first FFT unit 3612. The first FFT unit 3612 converts overlapped data in the time domain into overlapped data in the frequency domain through an FFT and is output to the distortion compensator 3620 and the delay unit 3635 of the second coefficient calculator 3650.

The distortion compensator 3620 complex-multiplies the equalization coefficient output from the coefficient selector 3660 with the overlapping data of the frequency domain output from the first FFT unit 3612 and outputs from the first FFT unit 3612. The channel distortion of the overlapped data is compensated and then output to the IFFT unit 3611 of the time domain converter 3630. The IFFT unit 3611 IFFTs the overlapped data whose distortion of the channel is compensated, converts the data into a time domain, and outputs the converted data to the save unit 3632. The save unit 3632 extracts only valid data from the overlapped data of the channel equalized time domain and outputs the data for data decoding and outputs the data to the second coefficient calculator 3650 for coefficient update.

The CIR estimator 3641 of the first coefficient calculator 3640 estimates the CIR by using the data received during the known data interval and the reference known data generated at the receiver, and outputs the CIR to the interpolator 3642. In addition, the CIR estimator 3641 estimates the CIR using data received during the field synchronization period and reference field synchronization data generated at the receiving side, and outputs the CIR to the interpolator 3642.

The interpolator 3642 estimates the CIRs at the time points located between the CIRs estimated using the input CIRs, that is, the CIRs of the section without known data, by using a preset interpolation method, and calculates the result of the second FFT unit ( 3643). The second FFT unit 3643 converts the input CIR into a frequency domain and outputs the converted CIR to the coefficient calculator 3644. The coefficient calculator 3644 calculates a frequency domain equalization coefficient that satisfies the condition of minimizing the mean square error using the CIR of the frequency domain and outputs the same to the coefficient selector 3660.

Since the configuration and operation of the second coefficient calculator 3650 are the same as those of the second coefficient calculator 3550 of FIG. 57, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The coefficient selector 3660 selects an equalization coefficient calculated by the first coefficient calculator 3640 if the input data is data of the A / B region, and updates the second coefficient calculator 3650 if the data of the C / D region is the data. The equalization coefficients are selected and output to the distortion compensator 3620.

FIG. 59 illustrates another embodiment of a channel equalizer for differentiating and applying a channel impulse response (CIR) according to areas A, B, C, and D when data groups are divided into the same structure as in FIG. 5. .

For example, in the A / B area where known data are arranged at regular intervals, channel equalization response (CIR) is estimated using the known data, and then channel equalization is performed, and in the C / D area, equalization is performed. The channel equalization may be performed after estimating the CIR using the determined value of the data.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the A / B region, channel impulse response (CIR) is estimated using a least square (Least Square; LS) method using the known data, and then channel equalization is performed. In the C / D domain, channel equalization is performed after estimating the CIR using a least mean square (LMS) method. That is, since channel equalization cannot be performed in the same manner as the A / B region in the C / D region where periodic known data do not exist, such as the A / B region, the C / D region estimates the CIR by the LMS method. Performs channel equalization.

Referring to FIG. 59, an overlapping part 3701, a first fast fourier transform part 3702, a distortion compensating part 3703, an IFFT part 3704, a save part 3705, and a first CIR estimator 3706 are shown. , CIR interpolator 3707, determiner 3708, selector 3709, second CIR estimator 3710, selector 3711, second FFT unit 3712, and coefficient calculator 3713 It is composed. The distortion compensator 3703 may be any element that performs a complex multiplication role.

In FIG. 59 configured as described above, the equalizer input data is superimposed at a preset overlap ratio in the overlap unit 3701 and output to the first FFT unit 3702. The first FFT unit 3702 converts overlapped data in the time domain into overlapped data in the frequency domain through an FFT and is output to the distortion compensator 3703.

The distortion compensator 3703 complexly multiplies the equalization coefficient calculated by the coefficient operator 3713 to the overlapping data of the frequency domain output from the first FFT unit 3702, and outputs the overlapped output from the first FFT unit 3702. The channel distortion of the data is compensated and then output to the IFFT unit 3704. The IFFT unit 3704 IFFTs the overlapped data whose distortion of the channel is compensated, converts the data into a time domain, and outputs the converted data to the save unit 3705. The save unit 3705 extracts only valid data from the superimposed data in the channel equalized time domain, outputs the data for decoding, and outputs the same to the determiner 3708 for channel estimation.

The determiner 3708 selects a decision value closest to the equalized data among a plurality of decision values, for example, and outputs the selected decision value to the selector 3709. The selector 3709 may be configured as a multiplexer. The selector 3709 selects the determined value of the determiner 3708 in the general data section, and selects the known data in the known data section and outputs the known data to the second CIR estimator 3710.

Meanwhile, the first CIR estimator 3706 estimates the CIR using data input during the known data interval and reference known data, and outputs the CIR to the CIR interpolator 3707. In addition, the first CIR estimator 3706 may estimate the CIR using data input during the field sync interval and reference field sync data, and output the estimated CIR to the CIR interpolator 3707. Here, the reference field synchronization data is reference field synchronization data generated on the receiving side by an appointment on the transmitting / receiving side.

의 행렬 연산을 하여 전송 채널의 임펄스 응답을 추정하는 방법이다.In this case, the first CIR estimator 3706 estimates the CIR by the LS method according to an embodiment. The LS estimation method obtains a cross correlation value p between known data transmitted through a channel and known data known to a receiver during a known data interval, and obtains an autocorrelation matrix R of the known data. Then remove the autocorrelation portion that exists in p that is the cross-correlation between the received data and the original data.

It is a method of estimating the impulse response of a transmission channel by performing a matrix operation of.

The CIR interpolator 3707 receives the CIR from the first CIR estimator 3706, outputs an estimated CIR in the known data section, and interpolates the CIR by a predetermined interpolation method in the section between the known data and the known data. Then output the interpolated CIR. In this case, the preset interpolation method is a method of estimating data at an unknown point using known data in a function. The simplest example is a linear interpolation method, which is the simplest of many interpolation methods. The present invention is not limited to the examples described above since the present invention may employ various other interpolation techniques in addition to the above methods.

That is, the CIR interpolator 3707 estimates the CIR of the section without known data by using a preset CIR by using a preset interpolation method and outputs the CIR to the selector 3711.

The second CIR estimator 3710 estimates the CIR using the equalizer input data and the output data of the selector 3709 and outputs the CIR to the selector 3711. At this time, the CIR is estimated by the LMS method according to an embodiment. The LMS estimation method will be described in detail later.

The selector 3711 selects a CIR output from the CIR interpolator 3707 in an A / B area (ie, MPH blocks B3 to B8), and selects a CIR output from the C / D area (ie, MPH blocks B1, B2, and B9). B10) selects the CIR output from the second CIR estimator 3710 and outputs the CIR to the second FFT unit 3712. The second FFT unit 3712 converts the input CIR into a frequency domain and outputs the converted CIR to the coefficient calculator 3713. The coefficient calculator 3713 calculates an equalization coefficient by using the CIR of the input frequency domain and outputs the equalization coefficient to the distortion compensator 3703. In this embodiment, the coefficient calculator 3713 obtains an equalization coefficient of a frequency domain that minimizes a mean square error (MMSE) from the CIR of the frequency domain.

In this case, the second CIR estimator 3710 may use the CIR obtained in the A / B region as the initial CIR of the C / D region. For example, the CIR value of the MPH block B8 may be used as the initial CIR value of the MPH block B9. This can shorten the convergence speed in the C / D domain.

The basic principle of estimating the CIR by the LMS method in the second CIR estimator 3710 is an adaptive filter to receive an output of an unknown transmission channel and minimize the difference between the output value of the channel and the output value of the adaptive filter. It is to update the coefficient value of. That is, the coefficient value of the adaptive filter is updated so that the equalizer input data and the output value of the adaptive filter (not shown) in the second CIR estimator 3710 are the same, and the filter coefficient is output to the CIR every FFT period.

를 순차적으로 지연시키는 지연기(T), 상기 각 지연기(T)의 해당 출력 데이터와 에러 데이터 e(n)를 곱하는 곱셈기, 및 상기 각 곱셈기의 해당 출력에 의해 계수가 갱신되는 계수 갱신부가 탭 수만큼 구비되어 구성된다. 설명의 편의를 위해 상기 탭 수만큼 구비되는 곱셈기들을 제1 곱셈부라 한다. 또한 상기 선택부(3709)의 출력 데이터 및 각 지연기(T)의 출력 데이터(마지막 지연기의 출력 데이터는 제외됨)를 각 계수 갱신부의 해당 출력 데이터와 곱하는 곱셈기가 탭 수만큼 더 구비되어 구성되며, 설명의 편의를 위해 상기 곱셈기들을 제2 곱셈부라 한다. 또한 상기 제2 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기의 출력 데이터를 모두 더하여 등화기 입력의 추정값

으로 출력하는 가산기와, 상기 가산기의 출력

과 등화기 입력 데이터 y(n)와의 차를 에러 데이터 e(n)로 출력하는 감산기를 더 포함하여 구성된다. Referring to FIG. 60, the second CIR estimator 3710 may output data of the selector 3709.

Delay delay T for sequentially delaying, a multiplier for multiplying the corresponding output data of the respective delayers T and the error data e (n), and a coefficient updating unit for updating coefficients by corresponding outputs of the respective multipliers. It is provided with a number. For convenience of description, multipliers provided by the number of taps are referred to as first multipliers. In addition, a multiplier for multiplying the output data of the selector 3709 and the output data of each delayer T (except the output data of the last delayer) with the corresponding output data of each coefficient updater is further provided by the number of taps. For convenience of description, the multipliers are called second multipliers. In addition, the estimated value of the equalizer input by adding up the output data of each multiplier of the second multiplier.

An adder for outputting the output of the adder

And a subtractor for outputting the difference from the equalizer input data y (n) as the error data e (n).

Referring to FIG. 60 configured as described above, the determined value of the equalized data is input in the general data section, and the known data is input to the first multiplier in the second CIR estimator 3710 and the first multiplier in the known data section.

는 탭 수만큼 직렬 연결된 지연기(T)를 통해 순차적으로 지연된다. 상기 각 지연기의 출력 데이터와 에러 데이터 e(n)는 제1 곱셈부의 해당 곱셈기에서 곱해져 해당 계수 갱신부 내 계수를 갱신한다. 각 계수 갱신부에 서 갱신된 계수는 제2 곱셈부의 해당 곱셈기에서 입력 데이터

및 마지막 지연기를 제외한 각 지연기의 출력 데이터와 곱해져 가산기로 입력된다. 상기 가산기는 상기 제2 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기의 출력 데이터를 모두 더하여 등화기 입력의 추정값

으로 감산기에 출력한다. 상기 감산기는 상기 추정값

과 등화기 입력 데이터 y(n)와의 차를 에러 데이터 e(n)로 하여 제1 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기로 출력한다. 이때 에러 데이터 e(n)는 지연기(T)를 통해 제1 곱셈부의 각 곱셈기로 출력된다.The input data

Delay is sequentially delayed through the serially connected retarder T by the number of taps. The output data of each delay unit and the error data e (n) are multiplied in the corresponding multiplier of the first multiplier to update the coefficients in the coefficient update unit. The coefficient updated in each coefficient update unit is input data in the corresponding multiplier of the second multiplier.

And multiplied by the output data of each delayer except the last delayer and input to the adder. The adder adds all output data of each multiplier of the second multiplier to estimate an equalizer input value.

Output to the subtractor. The subtractor is the estimated value

The difference from the equalizer input data y (n) is used as the error data e (n) and output to each multiplier of the first multiplier. At this time, the error data e (n) is output to each multiplier of the first multiplier through the delay T.

The coefficient of the filter is continuously updated through the above-described process, and the output of each coefficient updating unit becomes the CIR output of the second CIR estimator 3710 for each FFT period.

Until now, the methods for obtaining CIR for channel equalization in each region in the data group described in the present invention are embodiments to aid the understanding of the present invention. It will not be limited to what is presented.

Block decoder

On the other hand, if the data inputted to the block decoder 1005 after channel equalization by the equalizer 1003 is data on which both block coding and trellis coding are performed at the transmitting side (for example, data in an RS frame), the transmitting side In contrast, if trellis decoding and block decoding are performed, and if the trellis coding is performed without block coding (for example, main service data), only trellis decoding is performed.

The trellis decoded and block decoded data by the block decoder 1005 is output to the RS frame decoder 1006. That is, the block decoder 1005 may be configured in the known data, the data used for trellis initialization, the signaling information data, the MPEG header, and the RS encoder / unstructured RS encoder or unstructured RS encoder of the data group. The added RS parity data is removed and output to the RS frame decoder 1006. Here, data removal may be performed before block decoding, or may be performed during or after block decoding.

Meanwhile, the trellis decoded data by the block decoder 1005 is output to the data deinterleaver 1009. In this case, the data that is trellis-decoded by the block decoder 1005 and output to the data deinterleaver 1009 may include not only main service data but also data in RS frames and signaling information. In addition, RS parity data added after the preprocessor 230 may be included in the data output to the data deinterleaver 1009.

In another embodiment, the block encoding is not performed at the transmitting side, and the data having only trellis encoding may be bypassed in the block decoder 1005 and output to the data deinterleaver 1009. In this case, a trellis decoder must be further provided in front of the data deinterleaver 1009.

The block decoder 1005 performs hard Viterbi (or trellis) decoding on the input data if the data to be input is data that is not trellis coded but only trellis coded. May be outputted, or the soft decision value may be hard judged and the result may be output.

The block decoder 1005 outputs a soft decision value with respect to the input data if the input data is data in which both block coding and trellis coding are performed at the transmitting side.

In other words, if the input data is block coded by the block processor 302 on the transmitting side and trellis coded by the trellis coding unit 256, the block decoder 1005 receives data on the transmitting side. Conversely, trellis decoding and block decoding are performed. At this time, the block processor on the transmitting side can be seen as an external encoder, and the trellis encoder can be seen as an internal encoder.

In order to maximize the decoding performance of the outer code at the time of decoding the concatenated code, it is preferable to output the soft decision value from the decoder of the inner code.

FIG. 61 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of a block decoder 1005 according to the present invention, and includes a feedback controller 4010, an input buffer 4011, a trellis decoder 4012, and a symbol-byte converter 4013. ), Outer block extractor 4014, feedback deformatter 4015, symbol deinterleaver 4016, outer symbol mapper 4017, symbol decoder 4018, internal symbol mapper ( An inner symbol mapper 4019, a symbol interleaver 4020, a feedback formatter 4021, and an output buffer 4022 may be included. Like the transmitting side, the trellis decoder 4012 can be viewed as an internal decoder, and the symbol decoder 4018 can be viewed as an external decoder.

The input buffer 4011 temporarily blocks block coded mobile service data symbols (including RS parity data symbols and CRC data symbols added during RS frame encoding) among symbol values output by channel equalization from the equalizer 1003. The stored symbol values are repeatedly output M times to the trellis decoder 4012 in turbo decoding size (TDL) for turbo decoding. The turbo decoding size (TDL) is also called a turbo block. Here, the TDL should be able to include at least one SCCC block size. Therefore, as defined in FIG. 5, assuming that one MPH block is 16 segment units and one SCCC block is configured by a combination of 10 MPH blocks, the TDL should be greater than or equal to the maximum size that can be combined. For example, assuming that two MPH blocks constitute one SCCC block, the TDL may be more than 32 segments (828x32 = 26496 symbols).

M is a repetition number of turbo decoding predetermined by the feedback controller 4010.

In addition, the input buffer 4011 does not include a mobile service data symbol (including RS parity data symbols and CRC data symbols added at the time of RS frame encoding) among symbol values output by channel equalization from the equalizer 1003. Input symbol values in the section are bypassed without being stored. That is, since the trellis decoding is performed only on the input symbol value of the section in which the SCCC block encoding is not performed, the input buffer 4011 does not perform the storing and repetitive output process on the input. ).

The storage, repetition, and output of the input buffer 4011 are performed by the control of the feedback controller 4010. The feedback controller 4010 may control the storage and output of the input buffer 4011 with reference to SCCC related information output from the signaling information decoder 1013, for example, the SCCC block mode and the SCCC outer code mode.

The trellis decoder 4012 includes a 12-way Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) decoder to correspond to the 12-way trellis encoder. The 12-way trellis decoding is performed on the input symbol value in a reverse process of the 12-way trellis encoder.

That is, the trellis decoder 4012 receives the output symbol value of the input buffer 4011 and the soft-decision value of the feedback formatter 4021 by TDL, and performs TCM decoding of each symbol. do.

In this case, the soft determination values output from the feedback formatter 4021 are matched one-to-one with symbol positions equal to the TDL output from the input buffer 4011 by the control of the feedback controller 4010, and thus the trellis decoder ( 4012). That is, the symbol value output from the input buffer 4011 and the data decoded by turbo decoding are matched to the same position in the corresponding turbo block TDL and output to the trellis decoder 4012. For example, if the turbo decoded data is the third symbol value in the turbo block, the turbo decoded data is matched with the third symbol value in the turbo block output from the input buffer 4011 and outputted to the trellis decoder 4012.

To this end, the feedback controller 4010 controls to store the corresponding turbo block data in the input buffer 4011 during recursive turbo decoding, and delays the soft decision value of the output symbol of the symbol interleaver 4020 (delay). For example, the LLR and the symbol value of the input buffer 4011 corresponding to the same position in the block of the output symbol are matched one-to-one so as to be input to the TCM decoder of the corresponding path. In this case, if the symbol value is not a block coded symbol, since it is not turbo decoded, null is input to a matching output position in the feedback formatter 4021.

After this process is performed for a predetermined number of iterations of turbo decoding, data of the next turbo block is output from the input buffer 4011 to repeat the turbo decoding process.

The output of the trellis decoder 4012 means the reliability of symbols input to the transmitting trellis encoder with respect to the transmitted symbols. For example, since the input of the trellis encoder 256 on the transmitting side has two bits as one symbol, the log bit between the probability that the bit is '1' and the probability that the bit is '0' is higher than the log likelihood ratio (LLR). Output (bitwise output) can be done for and low bit respectively. The Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) refers to a log value of a ratio between a probability value of 1 and a probability value of 0. Or outputs the logarithm ratio (LLR) of the probability values that two bits, i.e., a symbol is "00", "01", "10", or "11", for all four combinations (00,01,10,11) Symbol unit output). This is, in turn, a soft decision value for the received symbol, which represents the reliability of the bits that have been entered into the trellis encoder. As a decoding algorithm of each TCM decoder in the trellis decoder 4012, MAP (Maximum A posteriori Probability), SOVA (Soft-Out Viterbi Algorithm), and the like may be used.

The output of the trellis decoder 4012 is output to a symbol-byte converter 4013 and an external block extractor 4014.

The symbol-byte converter 4013 hard-decisions the soft decision value output by trellis decoding by the trellis decoder 4012, and then binds 4 symbols by one byte unit. To the data deinterleaver 1009. That is, the symbol-byte converter 4013 performs a hard decision in bits on the soft decision value of the output symbol of the trellis decoder 4012. Therefore, the data hard-determined by the symbol-byte converter 4013 and output in byte units include not only main service data but also mobile service data, known data, signaling information data, RS parity data, and MPEG header.

The outer block extractor 4014 corresponds to a mobile service data symbol (including RS parity data added during RS frame encoding and CRC data symbols) among soft decision values equal to the TDL of the trellis decoder 4012. The B soft decision values are divided and output to the feedback deformatter 4015. That is, in the external block extractor 4014, soft decision values such as main service data, known data, signaling information data, RS parity data, and MPEG header are discarded without being output to the feedback deformatter 4015.

The feedback deformatter 4015 may perform an intermediate process (eg, a group formatter, a data deinterleaver, a packet formatter, and a data interleaver) in which an output symbol of the transmitting block processor 302 is input to the trellis encoder 256. In a reverse process of the processing order change of the mobile service data symbol generated in the Rx, the processing order of the soft decision value of the mobile service data symbol is reordered and output to the symbol deinterleaver 4016. This is because a plurality of blocks exist between the trellis encoders 256 of the block processor 302 on the transmitting side, and the order and trellis of the mobile service data symbols output from the block processor 302 due to these blocks. This is because the order of the mobile service data symbols input to the encoder 256 is different. Accordingly, the feedback deformatter 4015 is output from the external block extractor 4014 so that the order of the mobile service data symbols inputted to the symbol deinterleaver 4016 matches the output order of the block processor 302 on the transmitting side. Reorder the mobile service data symbols. This reordering process may be implemented in at least one of software, hardware, and middleware.

FIG. 62 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a feedback deformatter 4015, and includes a data deinterleaver 5011, a packet deformatter 5012, a data interleaver 5013, and a group deformatter 5014. Can be. In the case of FIG. 62, the soft decision value of the mobile service data symbol extracted by the external block extractor 4014 is output as it is to the data deinterleaver 5011 of the feedback deformatter 4015, but the external block extractor 4014 A position holder (or null data) is inserted into the removed data position (for example, main service data, known data, signaling information data, RS parity data, and MPEG header position) to insert a data deinterleaver (a data deinterleaver) of the feedback deformatter 4015. 5011).

The data deinterleaver 5011 deinterleaves data input in a reverse process of the data interleaver 253 on the transmitting side and outputs the data to the packet deformatter 5012. The packet deformatter 5012 performs the reverse process of the packet formatter 305 on the transmitting side. That is, the position holder corresponding to the MPEG header inserted in the formatter 305 among the deinterleaved and output data is removed. The output of the packet deformatter 5012 is input to the data interleaver 5013, and the data interleaver 5013 interleaves data input in the reverse process of the data deinterleaver 529 on the transmitting side. Then, data having the structure as shown in FIG. 5 is output to the group formatter 5014. The group formatter 5014 performs the reverse process of the group formatter 303 on the transmitting side. That is, the group formatter 5014 removes the position holders corresponding to the main service data, known data, signaling information data, and RS parity data, and then reorders only the mobile service data symbols of the symbol deinterleaver 4016. Will output As another example, if the feedback deformatter 4015 is implemented using a memory map, the process of inserting and removing the position holder at the data position removed by the external block extractor 4014 may be omitted.

The symbol deinterleaver 4016 is an inverse process of symbol interleaving of the symbol interleaver 514 on the transmitting side. The symbol deinterleaver 4016 deinterleaves the soft decision value of the data symbols outputted by the feedback deformatter 4015. The block size used for deinterleaving in the symbol deinterleaver 4016 is equal to the interleaving size (ie, B) of the actual symbol of the symbol interleaver on the transmitting side, which is a turbo decoding trellis decoder 4012 and a symbol. This is because it is made between the decoders 4018.

Both the input and output of the symbol deinterleaver 4016 are soft decision values, and the deinterleaved soft decision values are output to an external symbol mapper 4017.

The operation of the external symbol mapper 4017 may vary depending on the configuration and code rate of the convolutional encoder 513 of the transmitting side. For example, the external symbol mapper 4017 outputs the input data to the symbol decoder 4018 as it is if the data is ½ encoded by the convolutional encoder 513. As another example, if the data is coded by the convolutional encoder 513 and transmitted, the input data is converted to the symbol decoder 4018 according to the input format of the symbol decoder 4018. To this end, the external symbol mapper 4017 may receive SCCC-related information, for example, the SCCC block mode and the SCCC outer code mode, from the signaling information decoder 1013.

The symbol decoder 4018 (that is, the external decoder) performs a symbol decoding on the output of the external symbol mapper 4017 as a reverse process of the convolutional encoder 513 of the transmitting side. At this time, the symbol decoder 4018 outputs two soft determination values. One is a soft decision value (hereinafter referred to as a first soft decision value) that matches the output symbol of the convolutional encoder 513 and the other is a soft decision value (hereinafter, referred to as a first soft decision value) that matches the input bit of the convolution encoder 513. Second soft determination value). The first soft decision value represents an output symbol of the convolutional encoder 513, that is, the reliability of two bits, and constitutes a log ratio (LLR) between a probability of '1' and a probability of '0' of one bit. Output (bitwise output) for the upper and lower bits respectively, or output the logarithm ratio (LLR) of the probability values that the 2 bits will be "00", "01", "10", and "11". (Symbol unit output) The first soft decision value is fed back to the trellis decoder 4012 through an internal symbol mapper 4019, a symbol interleaver 4020, and a feedback formatter 4021. The second soft decision value represents the reliability of the input bit of the convolutional encoder 513 on the transmitting side. It is output to the buffer 4022. As a decoding algorithm of the symbol decoder 4018, MAP (Maximum A posteriori Probability), SOVA (Soft-Out Viterbi Algorithm), and the like may be used.

The first soft decision value output from the symbol decoder 4018 is input to an internal symbol mapper 4019. The internal symbol mapper 4019 converts the first soft decision value according to the input format of the trellis decoder 4012 and outputs the converted soft signal to the symbol interleaver 4020. The operation of the internal symbol mapper 4019 may also vary depending on the structure and code rate of the convolutional encoder 513 on the transmitting side.

The symbol interleaver 4020 performs symbol interleaving on the first soft decision value output from the internal symbol mapper 4019 and outputs the result to the feedback formatter 4021. The output of the symbol interleaver 4020 also becomes a soft determination value.

The feedback formatter 4021 is an intermediate process (eg, a group formatter, a data deinterleaver, a packet formatter, and a data interleaver) in which an output symbol of the transmitting block processor 302 is input to the trellis encoder 256. The order of the output values of the symbol interleaver 4020 is changed in accordance with the change of the processing order of the symbols generated at s, and then output to the trellis decoder 4012. The rearrangement process of the feedback formatter 4021 may be implemented by at least one of software, hardware, and middleware. For example, the feedback formatter 4021 may be implemented to perform the inverse process of FIG. 62.

The soft decision values output from the symbol interleaver 4020 are input to the trellis decoder 4012 in one-to-one correspondence with mobile service data symbol positions equal to the TDL output from the input buffer 4011. In this case, since the main service data symbol, the RS parity symbol of the main service data, the known data symbol, the signaling information data, etc. are not the mobile service data symbols, the feedback formatter 4021 inserts null data at the corresponding position and trellis decodes the data. Output to the unit 4012. In addition, since there is no value fed back from the symbol interleaver 4020 at the start of the first decoding whenever turbo decoding the TDL-sized symbols, the feedback formatter 4021 is controlled by a feedback controller 4010, thereby providing mobile service data. Null data is inserted at all symbol positions including the symbol and output to the trellis decoder 4012.

The output buffer 4022 receives the second soft decision value from the symbol decoder 4018 under the control of the feedback controller 4010, temporarily stores it, and outputs the second soft decision value to the RS frame decoder 1006. For example, the output buffer 4022 is overwriting the second soft decision value of the symbol decoder 4018 until M turbo decoding is performed, and then M turbo decoding is performed on one TDL. If so, the second soft decision value at that time is output to the RS frame decoder 1006.

The feedback controller 4010 controls the number of times of turbo decoding and turbo decoding repetition of the entire block decoder as shown in FIG.

That is, after turbo decoding is performed for a predetermined number of repetitions, the second soft decision value of the symbol decoder 4018 is output to the RS frame decoder 1006 through the output buffer 4022, and block decoding for one turbo block is performed. The process is complete. In the present invention, this is referred to as a regressive turbo decoding process for convenience of description.

At this time, the number of recursive turbo decoding between the trellis decoder 4012 and the symbol decoder 4018 may be defined in consideration of hardware complexity and error correction performance. It has the disadvantage of being complicated.

Meanwhile, the data deinterleaver 1009, the RS decoder 1010, and the derandomizer 1011 of FIG. 36 are blocks necessary for receiving main service data, and are not necessary in a reception system structure for receiving only mobile service data. It may not.

The data deinterleaver 1009 deinterleaves the data output from the block decoder 1005 as an inverse process of the data interleaver on the transmitting side and outputs the data to the RS decoder 1010. The data input to the data deinterleaver 1009 includes not only main service data but also mobile service data, known data, RS parity, MPEG header, and the like.

The RS decoder 1010 performs systematic RS decoding on the deinterleaved data and outputs the deserializer 1011.

The derandomizer 1011 receives the output of the RS decoder 1010, generates pseudo random bytes that are identical to the transmitter's renderer, bitwise XORs them, and then converts the MPEG sync bytes to every packet. Insert before and output in 188 byte packet unit.

RS  Frame decoder

The data output from the block decoder 1005 is a portion unit. That is, the RS frame is divided into a plurality of portions at the transmitting side, and the mobile service data of each portion is allocated to the A / B / C / D region in the data group, or at any one of the A / B region and the C / D region. It is assigned and sent to the receiver. Accordingly, the RS frame decoder 1006 collects a plurality of portions in one parade to form one RS frame or two RS frames, and performs error correction decoding in units of RS frames.

For example, if the RS frame mode is 00, one parade transmits one RS frame, where one RS frame is divided into a plurality of potions, and the mobile service data of each divided portion is A of the corresponding data group. It is allocated to / B / C / D area and transmitted. In this case, the MPH frame decoder 1006 extracts mobile service data from the A / B / C / D area in the data group as shown in FIG. A plurality of potions may be obtained by performing the data groups. In addition, mobile service data of a plurality of portions may be collected to configure one RS frame. If stuffing byte is added to the last potion, stuffing byte is removed and RS frame is composed.

As another example, if the RS frame mode is 01, one parade transmits two RS frames, that is, a primary RS frame and a secondary RS frame. In this case, the primary RS frame is divided into a plurality of primary portions, and the mobile service data of each divided primary portion is allocated to the A / B area in the corresponding data group and transmitted. The secondary RS frame is divided into a plurality of secondary portions, and the mobile service data of each divided secondary portion is allocated to the C / D area of the corresponding data group and transmitted. In this case, the MPH frame decoder 1006 extracts the mobile service data from the A / B area in the data group as shown in FIG. 63 (b) to configure one primary portion and a plurality of data of one parade. A plurality of primary portions can be obtained by performing the A / B region of the group. In addition, a plurality of primary portions may be collected to construct a primary RS frame. If stuffing bytes are added to the last primary portion, stuffing bytes are removed and a primary RS frame is constructed. In addition, a plurality of secondary portions may be obtained by extracting mobile service data from a C / D region of a corresponding data group and configuring a single secondary portion for the C / D regions of a plurality of data groups in one parade. . In addition, a plurality of secondary portions may be collected to form a secondary RS frame. If stuffing bytes are added to the last secondary portion, stuffing bytes are removed and a secondary RS frame is constructed.

That is, the RS frame decoder 1006 receives mobile service data of each portion encoded and / or CRC-coded from the block decoder 1005 and outputs the RS frame related information output from the signaling information decoder 1013. Accordingly, a plurality of input potions are collected to form an RS frame, and then error correction is performed. Referring to the RS frame mode value in the RS frame related information, an RS frame may be configured, and information on the number and code size of parity of an RS code used to configure an RS frame may be known.

The RS frame decoder 1006 performs an inverse process in an RS frame encoder of a transmission system with reference to RS frame related information to correct errors in an RS frame, and then in an RS frame encoding process to an error corrected mobile service data packet. The MPEG sync byte of one byte which has been removed is added to the derandomizer 1007.

64 is a process of forming a RS frame and an RS frame reliability map by collecting a plurality of potions transmitted in one parade when the RS frame mode value is 00, and inverse process of the transmission system. After performing frame-by-frame row de-permutation, the process is further divided into inverse row-mixed RS frames and RS frame credit maps.

That is, the RS frame decoder 1006 collects the received mobile service data to form an RS frame. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mobile service data is RS coded in units of RS frames in a transmission system and rawly mixed in units of super frames. In this case, for example, CRC encoding may be performed or may be omitted.

If, in the transmission system, RS frames having a size of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes are divided into M portions, mobile service data of M portions is divided into A / B / C / of M data groups. Assuming that the data is allocated to the D area and transmitted, the receiving system collects mobile service data of each portion as shown in FIG. 64 (a) to form an RS frame having a size of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes.

At this time, if a spuffing byte S is added and transmitted to at least one portion constituting the RS frame, the stuffing byte is removed and an RS frame and an RS frame credit map are configured. For example, if S stuffing bytes are added as shown in FIG. 23, the RS frames and the RS frame credit map are configured after the S stuffing bytes are removed.

In addition, assuming that the block decoder 1005 outputs a decoding result as a soft decision value, the RS frame decoder 1006 may determine 0 and 1 of a corresponding bit as a sign of the soft decision value. The eight are gathered together to form one byte. If all of these processes are performed on the soft decision values of a plurality of portions (or data groups) in one parade, an RS frame having a size of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes can be constructed.

In addition, the present invention not only uses the soft decision value to construct an RS frame, but also to construct a reliability map.

The credit map indicates whether or not the corresponding byte formed by collecting eight bits determined by the sign of the soft decision value is reliable.

In an embodiment, when the absolute value of the soft determination value exceeds a preset threshold, the corresponding bit value determined by the sign of the soft determination value is determined to be reliable, and when it is not exceeded, it is determined to be unreliable. Then, in the case where it is determined that even one bit in one byte composed of eight bits determined by the sign of the soft decision value is unreliable, the credit map indicates that the byte is unreliable. Here, one bit is an embodiment, and when a plurality of, for example, four or more bits are determined to be unreliable, it may indicate that the corresponding byte is not reliable in the credit map.

On the contrary, when all bits in one byte are determined to be reliable, that is, when the absolute value of the soft decision value of all bits of one byte exceeds a preset threshold, the corresponding map is marked as reliable. Similarly, if a plurality of bits in one byte, for example, four or more bits are determined to be reliable, the credit map indicates that the bytes are reliable.

The above-described numerical values are merely examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the numerical values.

The configuration of the RS frame and the configuration of the credit map using the soft decision value can be performed simultaneously. At this time, the credit information in the credit map corresponds 1: 1 to each byte in the RS frame. For example, if one RS frame has a (N + 2) x (187 + P) byte size, the credit map has a (N + 2) x (187 + P) bit size. 64 (a ') and (b') show a process of forming a credit map according to the present invention.

At this time, the RS frame of FIG. 64 (b) and the RS frame credit map of (b ') are row-mixed in units of super frames (see FIG. 21). Therefore, after collecting the RS frame and the RS frame credit map to configure the super frame and the super frame credit map, as shown in (c) and (c ') of FIG. De-permutation is performed in units of frames.

When inverse row mixing in the unit of super frame is performed as described above, RS frames having a size of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bytes and (N + 2) x as shown in (d) and (d ') of FIG. Separated by a (187 + P) bit size RS frame credit map.

Subsequently, error correction is performed on the divided RS frames using RS frame credit map information.

65 shows an embodiment of an error correction decoding process according to the present invention.

65 is a diagram illustrating an error correction process when both RS encoding and CRC encoding are performed on an RS frame in a transmission system.

Next, the error correction process illustrated in FIG. 65 will be described in detail.

That is, as shown in (a) and (a ') of FIG. 65, an RS frame of (N + 2) x (187 + P) byte size and an RS frame credit map of (N + 2) x (187 + P) bit size If configured, CRC syndrome check is performed on this RS frame to check whether an error occurs in each row. Next, as shown in (b) of FIG. 65, a two-byte CRC checksum is removed to form an RS frame having a size of Nx (187 + P) bytes, and an error flag corresponding to each row indicates whether an error occurs. Similarly, since the portion of the credit map corresponding to the CRC checksum is not utilized, this portion is removed to leave only Nx (187 + P) credit information as shown in FIG. 65 (b ').

After the CRC syndrome check is performed as described above, RS decoding is performed in the column direction. In this case, RS erasure correction may be performed according to the number of CRC error flags. That is, as shown in (c) of FIG. 65, the CRC error flag corresponding to each row in the RS frame is checked, so that the maximum number of RS erasure corrections can be performed when the number of rows having an error is performed in the RS direction column decoding. Determine if it is less than or equal to the number of errors. The maximum error number is a parity number P inserted during RS encoding.

In an embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that the parity number P added to each column is 48.

In this case, if the number of rows having a CRC error is less than or equal to the maximum number of errors that can be corrected by RS erasure decoding (48 according to an embodiment), as shown in (d) of FIG. (235,187) -RS erasure decoding is performed in the column direction on the RS frame having 235 N byte rows, and as shown in (e) of FIG. 65, 48 bytes of parity data added to the end of each column are removed.

However, if the number of rows having a CRC error is larger than the maximum number of errors that can be corrected by RS erasure decoding (that is, 48), RS erasure decoding cannot be performed.

In this case, error correction may be performed through general RS decoding. In addition, the present invention can further improve error correction capability by using a credit map generated when constructing an RS frame from the soft decision value.

That is, in the RS frame decoder, the absolute value of the soft decision value of the block decoder 1005 is compared with a preset threshold to determine the credit of the bit value determined by the sign of the soft decision value. Credit information for the corresponding byte formed by collecting eight bits determined by the sign of the soft decision value was displayed on the credit map.

Therefore, the present invention does not assume that all bytes of a row have an error even if it is determined that there is a CRC error in the CRC syndrome check of a specific row as shown in (c) of FIG. 65, but refers to the credit information of the credit map. Set the error to only those bytes that are considered unreliable. That is, only the bytes determined to be unreliable in the credit information of the credit map regardless of the CRC error of the corresponding row are set as erasure points.

Alternatively, the CRC syndrome check determines that there is a CRC error in the row, and sets an error only for bytes determined that the credit information of the credit map is unreliable. That is, only a byte having a CRC error in a corresponding row and determined to be unreliable in credit information of a credit map is set as an erasure point.

Then, if the number of error points in each column is less than or equal to the maximum number of errors that can be corrected by RS erasure decoding (that is, 48), RS erasure decoding is performed on the column. On the contrary, if the number of error points is larger than the maximum number that can be modified by RS erasure decoding (that is, 48), general RS decoding is performed on the column.

In other words, if the number of rows with CRC errors is greater than the maximum number of errors that can be corrected by RS erasure decoding (for example, 48), then the corresponding columns in accordance with the number of erasure points in the column determined by the credit information of the credit map RS erasure decoding is performed or general RS decoding is performed.

For example, the number of rows having a CRC error in the RS frame is greater than 48, and the number of erasure points determined by the credit information of the credit map is displayed in the first column and 40 in the second column. Let's assume Then, (235,187) -RS erasure decoding is performed on the first column, and (235,187) -RS decoding is performed on the second column.

When the error correction decoding is performed in all column directions in the RS frame by performing the above process, as shown in (e) of FIG. 65, the parity data of 48 bytes added to the end of each column is removed.

As described above, in the present invention, even if the total number of CRC errors corresponding to each row in the RS frame is larger than the maximum error number that can be corrected by RS erasure decoding, the credit information of the corresponding credit map of the corresponding column is determined when the error correction decoding of the specific column is performed. Therefore, if the number of bytes with low credibility is equal to or smaller than the maximum error number correctable by RS erasure decoding, RS erasure decoding may be performed on the column.

Here, the difference between general RS decoding and RS erasure decoding is the number of correctable errors. That is, if general RS decoding is performed, errors can be corrected by the number (for example, 24) corresponding to (number of parity) / 2 inserted in the RS encoding process. If RS erasure decoding is performed, RS encoding process is performed. An error may be corrected by the number of parities inserted (e.g., 48).

After the error correction decoding is performed as described above, an RS frame composed of 187 N-byte rows (ie, packets) can be obtained as shown in FIG. RS frames of size Nx187 bytes are output in the order of N 187 bytes in size, and at this time, as shown in (f) of FIG. Outputs a mobile service data packet in units of 188 bytes.

The RS frame-decoded mobile service data as described above is output to the data derandomizer 1007. The data de-randomizer 1007 performs de-randomization corresponding to the reverse process of the renderer of the transmission system and outputs the received mobile service data, thereby obtaining mobile service data transmitted from the transmission system. The present invention may perform a data de-randomizing function in the RS frame decoder 1006. The RS frame decoder is provided in parallel by the number of parades in one MPH frame (= M), and a multiplexer for multiplexing a plurality of potions is provided at an input terminal of the M RS frame decoders, and an inverse at an output terminal of the M RS frame decoders. An MPH frame decoder may be configured by providing a multiplexer.

Complete receiving system

66 is a block diagram illustrating a reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the demodulation unit of FIG. 36 may be applied.

The receiving system of FIG. 66 includes a tuner 6001, a demodulating unit 6002, a demultiplexer 6003, an audio decoder 6004, a video decoder 6005, a native TV application manager 6006, and a channel manager. 6007, channel map 6008, first storage 6009, SI and / or data decoder 6010, second storage 6011, system manager 6012, data broadcast application manager 6013, storage The controller may include a storage controller 6014, a third storage unit 6015, and a GPS module 6020. The first storage portion 6009 is a nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) (or flash memory). The third storage unit 6015 is a mass storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) and a memory chip.

The tuner 6001 tunes the frequency of a specific channel through any one of an antenna, a cable, and a satellite to down-convert to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and outputs the demodulator 6002. At this time, the tuner 6001 is controlled by the channel manager 6007, and also reports the result and strength of the broadcast signal of the channel being tuned to the channel manager 6007. The data received at the frequency of the specific channel includes main service data, mobile service data, table data for decoding the main service data and mobile service data, and the like.

In the present embodiment, audio data and video data for mobile broadcasting may be applied as mobile service data. Such audio data and video data may be compressed by various encoders and transmitted from broadcasting stations. In this case, video and audio decoders 6004 and 6005 will be provided in the receiver to correspond to the corresponding encoders used for compression. Decoding in each decoder 6004 and 6005 is performed to provide video and audio to the user. will be. Examples of code / decoding schemes for audio data include AC 3, MPEG 2 AUDIO, MPEG 4 AUDIO, AAC, AAC +, HE AAC, AAC SBR, MPEG-Surround, BSAC, and code / decoding for video data. Schemes include MPEG 2 VIDEO, MPEG 4 VIDEO, H.264, SVC, VC-1 and the like.

According to the exemplary embodiment, data for a data service, for example, data for a Java application, data for an HTML application, and data for XML, may be used as mobile service data. The data for this data service can be a Java class file for a Java application or a directory file indicating the location of these files. It can also be an audio file or a video file used in each application.

The data services include weather services, transportation services, securities services, viewer participation quiz program, real-time polls, interactive educational broadcasts, game services, drama plots, characters, background music, shooting locations, information services, sports, etc. It may be a service for providing information on the past game history of the player, the profile and the performance of the player, product information and orders for this, information providing service for the program by medium, time, or subject, but the present invention Is not limited to this.

In some embodiments, the mobile service data may be meta data. For example, the metadata is described in XML and transmitted through the DSM-CC protocol.

The demodulator 6002 performs VSB demodulation, channel equalization, etc. on the signal output from the tuner 6001, divides the signal into main service data and mobile service data, and outputs the data in TS packet units. 36 is an example of the demodulator 6002. However, this is only one embodiment and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, only the mobile service data packet output from the demodulator 6002 is input to the demultiplexer 6003 according to an embodiment. In this case the main service data packet is input to another demultiplexer (not shown) which processes the main service data packet. In this case, the storage control unit 6014 is also connected to the demultiplexer for processing the main service data packet to store main service data. In addition, one demultiplexer may be designed to perform demultiplexing not only for mobile service data packets but also for main service data packets.

The storage controller 6014 interfaces with the demultiplexer 6003 to control instant recording, reservation recording, time shift, and the like of the mobile service data and / or the main service data. For example, when any one of instant recording, scheduled recording, and time shift is set in the reception system of FIG. 66, the corresponding mobile service data and / or main service data input to the demultiplexer 6003 may be stored in the storage control unit 6014. It is stored in the third storage unit 6015 by control. The third storage unit 6015 may be divided into a temporary storage area for a time shift function and / or a permanent storage area for permanently storing data according to a user selection.

When the data stored in the third storage unit 6015 is required to be reproduced, the storage control unit 6014 reads out the data stored in the third storage unit 6015 to decode the corresponding demultiplexer (eg, a mobile service). Data is output to the demultiplexer 6003 of FIG.

At this time, since the storage capacity of the third storage unit 6015 is limited, the mobile service data and / or the main service data compressed and coded and stored in the third storage unit 6015 are stored as they are. Let one embodiment of the present invention. In this case, the data read from the third storage unit 6015 according to the reproduction command is input to the corresponding decoder through the demultiplexer and restored to the original state.

In addition, the storage control unit 6014 may play, fast forward, rewind, slow motion, slow motion of data stored in the third storage unit 6015 or currently buffered. Instant replay can be controlled. Here, the instant replay is a function for repeatedly watching a scene to be watched again, and instant replay may be performed in association with a time shift function as well as stored data.

The storage control unit 6014 may compress and encode the input data in the third storage unit 6015 when the input data is an analog form, for example, a transmission scheme is NTSC, PAL, or the like.

To this end, the storage controller 6014 may include an encoder, and the encoder may be implemented by at least one of software, middleware, and hardware. The encoder may use an MPEG encoder in one embodiment. The encoder may be provided outside the storage controller 6014.

Meanwhile, the storage control unit 6014 scrambles the input data to prevent illegal copying when the input data is stored in the third storage unit 6015 so that the third storage unit 6015 is scrambled. You can also save to). In this case, the storage controller 6014 may use a scramble algorithm for scrambled data stored in the third storage unit 6015 and data read from the third storage unit 6015 to descramble (or decryption). Or a descramble algorithm). As the method of scramble, a method of modifying data to be scrambled using an arbitrary key (for example, a control word) or mixing a signal itself may be used.

The demultiplexer 6003 receives real time data output from the demodulator 6002 or data read from the third storage unit 6015 and performs demultiplexing. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the demultiplexer 6003 performs demultiplexing on a mobile service data packet.

However, according to the exemplary embodiment, not only the mobile service data but also the main service data may include the demultiplexer 6003, the audio decoder 6004, the video decoder 6005, the native TV application manager 6006, the channel manager 6007, and the channel map. 6008, first storage 6009, SI and / or data decoder 6010, second storage 6011, system manager 6012, data broadcast application manager 6013, storage controller 6014, the third storage unit 6015, and the GPS module 6020 may be used to provide various services to the user.

The demultiplexer 6003 demultiplexes a mobile service data and a system information (SI) table from mobile service data packets input by the control of the SI and / or data decoder 6010. do. The demultiplexed mobile service data and the SI tables are output to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 in the form of sections. In this case, the mobile service data input to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 may be preferably data for data service.

System information is required to extract and decode mobile service data in a channel through which the mobile service data is transmitted. Such system information is sometimes called service information in some cases. The system information may include channel information, event information, and the like.

In the embodiment of the present invention, PSI / PSIP (Program Specific Information / Program and System Information Protocol) is applied as the system information, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, a protocol for transmitting system information in a table format may be applicable to the present invention regardless of its name.

The PSI is a system standard of MPEG-2 defined for classifying channels and programs, and the PSIP is an Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standard for classifying channels and programs.

The PSI may include, as an embodiment, a Program Association Table (PAT), a Conditional Access Table (CAT), a Program Map Table (PMT), and a Network Information Table (NIT).

The PAT is special information transmitted by a packet having a PID of '0', and transmits PID information of a corresponding PMT and PID information of a NIT for each program. The CAT transmits information about the pay broadcasting system used on the transmitting side. The PMT transmits PID information of a transport stream packet through which a program identification number, individual bit strings such as video and audio constituting the program are transmitted, and PID information through which a PCR is transmitted. The NIT transmits information of an actual transmission network.

The PSIP is, according to an embodiment, a virtual channel table (VCT), a system time table (STT), a rating region table (RTT), an extended text table (ETT), a direct channel change table (DCCT), and a direct channel change selection (DCCSCT). A code table, an event information table (EIT), and a master guide table (MGT) may be included.

The VCT transmits information about a virtual channel, for example, channel information for channel selection and packet identifier (PID) for receiving audio and / or video. In other words, when the VCT is parsed, the PID of the audio and video of the broadcast program loaded in the channel can be known along with the channel name and the channel number.

67 shows an embodiment of a VCT according to the present invention.

The VCT syntax of FIG. 67 includes at least one of table_id field, section_syntax_indicator field, private_indicator field, section_length field, transport_stream_id field, version_number field, current_next_indicator field, section_number field, last_section_number field, protocol_version field, num_channels_in_section field.

The VCT syntax further includes a first loop of a 'for' loop that is repeated by the value of the num_channels_in_section field, in which the short_name field, major_channel_number field, minor_channel_number field, minor_channel_number field, modulation_mode field, carrier_frequency field, channel_TSID field, program_number Field, an ETM_location field, an access_controlled field, a hidden field, a service_type field, a source_id field, a descriptor_length field, and at least one of a second loop in a 'for' loop that is repeated by the number of descriptors included in the first loop. . In the present invention, the second loop is referred to as a first descriptor loop for convenience of description. Descriptor descriptors () included in the first descriptor loop are descriptors individually applied to each virtual channel.

The VCT syntax may further include an additional_descriptor_length field and a third loop that is a 'for' loop that is repeated by the number of descriptors added to the VCT. In the present invention, for convenience of description, the third loop is called a second descriptor loop. The descriptor additional_descriptors () included in the second descriptor loop is a descriptor commonly applied to all virtual channels described in the VCT.

In FIG. 67 configured as described above, the table_id field indicates a unique identifier (ID) for recognizing that information transmitted to the table is a VCT. That is, the table_id field indicates a value indicating that the table to which this section belongs is a VCT. For example, 0xC8 may be assigned.

The version_number field indicates a version value of the VCT, the section_number field indicates a number of this section, and the last_section_number field indicates a number of the last section of the complete VCT. The num_channels_in_section field designates the number of all virtual channels existing in the VCT section.

The short_name field in the first loop of the 'for' loop indicates a virtual channel name, the major_channel_number field indicates a 'major' channel number associated with a virtual channel defined in the first loop, and the minor_channel_number field is' Minor 'channel number. That is, each virtual channel number should be connected to major and minor channel numbers, and the major and minor channel numbers serve as a user reference number for the corresponding virtual channel.

The program_number field indicates to connect a virtual channel in which an MPEG-2 Program Association Table (PAT) and a Program Map Table (PMT) are defined, and corresponds to a program number in the PAT / PMT. Here, the PAT describes the components of the program for each program number, and indicates the PID of the transport packet for transmitting the PMT. The PMT describes a PID list and accessory information of a transport packet to which a program identification number and individual bit strings such as video and audio constituting the program are transmitted.

68 illustrates an embodiment of a service_type field according to the present invention.

The service_type field is a field indicating a service type in a corresponding virtual channel. As shown in the figure, the service_type field is defined to refer to analog television, digital television, digital audio only, and digital data only. In addition, according to the present invention, a mobile broadcast may be referred to as a service_type field. The service_type field parsed through the SI and / or data decoder 6010 may be provided and used in the receiving system as shown in FIG. 66. According to an embodiment, the parsed service_type field may be provided to the audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005, respectively, and used for decoding.

The source_id field represents a program source connected to the corresponding virtual channel.

Here, the source refers to one specific source such as image, text, data or sound. The source_id field value has a unique value in the transport stream for transmitting the VCT.

Meanwhile, a service loop descriptor may be included in a descriptor loop (descriptor {}) in a next loop of a 'for' loop.

This service location descriptor may include a stream type, PID, and language code for each elementary stream.

69 illustrates an embodiment of a service location descriptor according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 69, the service location descriptor may include a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_length field, and a PCR_PID field.

Here, PCR_PID represents the PID of the transport stream packet including the PCR field valid in the program specified by the program_number field.

On the other hand, the service location descriptor includes the number_elements field to indicate the number of PIDs used for the corresponding program. The number of iterations of the descriptor 'for' loop statement described next is determined according to the value of this number_elements field.

As shown in FIG. 69, in the 'for' loop loop, a stream_type field indicating a stream type of the corresponding elementary stream (video, audio, data), an elementary_PID field indicating the PID of the corresponding elementary stream, and a language code of the corresponding elementary stream are shown. An ISO_639_language_code field indicating is included.

70 illustrates an embodiment that can be allocated to a stream_type field according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 70, as a stream type, ISO / IEC 11172 Video, ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO / IEC 13818-2 Video or ISO / IEC 11172-2 constrained parameter video stream, ISO / IEC 11172 Audio, ISO / IEC 13818-3 Audio, ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO / IEC 13818-1 private_sections, ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO / IEC 13818-1 PES packets containing private data, ISO / IEC 13522 MHEG, ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO / IEC 13818-1 Annex A DSM CC, ITU-T Rec. H.222.1, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type A, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type B, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type C, ISO / IEC 13818-6 type D, ISO / IEC 13818-1 auxiliary, etc. Can be.

Meanwhile, according to the present invention, the MPH video stream: Non-hierarchical mode, MPH audio stream: Non-hierarchical mode, MPH Non-A / V stream: Non-hierarchical mode, MPH High Priority video stream: Hierarchical mode, MPH High Priority audio stream: Hierarchical mode, MPH Low Priority video stream: Hierarchical mode, MPH Low priority audio stream: Hierarchical mode may be further applied.

MPH is the first letter of mobile, pedestrian and handheld, as opposed to fixed form. MPH video stream: Non-hierarchical mode, MPH audio stream: Non-hierarchical mode, MPH Non-A / V stream: Non-hierarchical mode, MPH High Priority video stream: Hierarchical mode, MPH High Priority audio stream: Hierarchical mode, MPH Low Priority video stream: Hierarchical mode, MPH low priority audio stream: Hierarchical mode, etc. define the stream type applied when transmitting and receiving mobile broadcast. In addition, the hierarchical mode and the non-hierarchical mode are values used when there is a stream to which priority is applied by applying a hierarchical structure to any one code / decoding method. Therefore, when a codec of Hierarchical structure is used, each stream is distinguished by specifying the field value including Hierarchical mode and Non-hierarchical mode in the stream type field. This stream type information is parsed by the SI and / data decoder 6010 and provided to the video / audio decoders 6004 and 6005. The video / audio decoders 6004 and 6005 use the stream type information to perform decoding operations. To perform.

Other stream types that can be applied include MPEG 4 AUDIO, AC 3, AAC, AAC +, BSAC, HE AAC, AAC SBR, MPEG-S, etc. for audio data, MPEG 2 VIDEO, MPEG 4 VIDEO for video data. , H.264, SVC, VC-1, etc. may be added.

In addition, in the field in which the hierarchical mode and the non-hierarchical mode, such as the MPH video stream: Non-hierarchical mode and the MPH audio stream: Non-hierarchical mode, are used in FIG. MPEG 4 AUDIO, AC 3, AAC, AAC +, BSAC, HE AAC, AAC SBR, MPEG-S, etc., MPEG 2 VIDEO, MPEG 4 VIDEO, H.264, SVC, VC-1, etc. Alternative embodiments may be considered, which are included in the technical scope of the present invention.

Meanwhile, the stream_type field may be defined as one field in the PMT. In this case, the stream_type field may have the above syntax.

The STT transmits current date and time information, and the RRT transmits information about a region and a review institution for a program grade. The ETT transmits an additional description of a channel and a broadcast program, and the EIT transmits information (eg, title, start time, etc.) about an event of a virtual channel.

71 illustrates an embodiment of bit stream syntax for an EIT according to the present invention.

An embodiment of the EIT (Event Information Table) of FIG. 71 is a table of PSIP including information on a title, start time, duration, etc. of an event of a virtual channel. Is one of. As shown in FIG. 71, the EIT is composed of a plurality of fields.

The table ID (table_id) field is composed of 8 bits and has a value of '0xCB', which means that the corresponding section belongs to the EIT.

The section_syntax_indicator field consists of 1 bit and has a value of '1', which means that the section follows the generic section syntax after passing through the "section_length" field.

The private_indicator field consists of 1 bit and may have a value of '1'.

source_ID is an ID for identifying a virtual channel carrying an event indicated in this table.

The version_numbers_in_section field represents the version of an object of the event information table. In the present invention, the event change information included in the event information table having a new version number with respect to the conventional version number is recognized as the latest change information.

The current_next_indicator field represents whether event information included in the corresponding EIT is current information or future information.

The num_event field represents the number of events belonging to a channel having the source ID. In other words, the lower event loop is repeated as many as the number of events.

The field of the EIT described above is a field commonly applied to at least one or more events included in one EIT syntax.

The loop included with "for (j = 0; j <num_events_in_section; j ++) {}" describes the characteristics of each of the events. The following fields are fields representing detailed information on individual events. Therefore, the fields described below are fields individually applied to the corresponding event described by the EIT syntax.

The event_ID in the event loop is an identifier that identifies each individual event. The number of event IDs is part of the event identifier for event extended text message (ETM_ID).

The start_time field is a field indicating the start time of an event.

Therefore, the start time information of the program provided by the electronic program information is collected in this field.

The length_in_seconds field indicates the duration of an event. Therefore, end time information, which is the end time of the program provided by the electronic program information, is collected in this field. That is, the end time information is collected by adding the start time field value and the length in seconds field value.

The title_text () field may be used for displaying a title of a broadcast program.

Meanwhile, a descriptor applied to each event may be included in the EIT. The descriptors_length field represents the length of a descriptor.

On the other hand, the descriptor loop (descriptor loop) in the loop of the following 'for' loop includes an AC-3 audio descriptor, an MPEG 2 audio descriptor, an MPEG 4 audio descriptor, an AAC descriptor, an AAC + descriptor, an HE AAC descriptor, and an AAC. It may include at least one of an SBR descriptor, an MPEG surround descriptor, a BSAC descriptor, an MPEG 2 video descriptor, an MPEG 4 video descriptor, an H.264 descriptor, an SVC descriptor, and a VC-1 descriptor. Here, each descriptor describes information about an audio / video codec applied to each event. Information about the codec may be provided to the audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005 to be used for decoding.

The DCCT / DCCSCT transmits information related to automatic channel change, and the MGT transmits version and PID information of respective tables in the PSIP.

The tables in the PSI / PSIP all have a basic unit called a section, and one or more sections are combined to form a table. For example, the VCT may be divided into 256 sections. And, one section may carry a plurality of virtual channel information, but information about one virtual channel is not divided into two or more sections.

In this case, the receiving system can parse and decode mobile service data transmitted using only tables in PSI, only tables in PSIP, or a combination of tables in PSI and PSIP.

In order to parse and decode the mobile service data, at least PAT and PMT are required for PSI and VCT is required for PSIP.

For example, the PAT may include system information for transmitting the mobile service data and a PID of a PMT corresponding to data (or program number) for the data service, and the PMT transmits the mobile service data. It may include the PID of the TS packet.

The VCT may include information of a virtual channel for transmitting the mobile service data and a PID of a TS packet for transmitting the mobile service data.

In some embodiments, DVB-SI may be applied instead of PSIP. Such DVB-SI may include NIT, SDT, EIT, TDT, and the like. Such DVB-SI may be used together with the above-mentioned PSI.

The network information table (NIT) classifies services belonging to a specific network provider into groups. This table contains all the tuning information used during IRD setup. This table can be used to inform the change of tuning information. The Service description table (SDT) contains a name and other parameters related to each service of a particular MPEG multiplex. The event information table (EIT) is used to transmit information related to all events occurring in the MPEG multiplex. This table contains information about the current transport and optionally covers other transport streams that the IRD can receive. The time and date table (TDT) is used for IRD internal clock update.

In addition, there are three optional SI tables:

That is, a bouquet associate table (BAT) provides a service grouping method that an IRD can use as a method of providing a service to a viewer. A particular service can belong to more than one `buque`. The Running Status Table (RST) section is used to quickly update one or more event execution states. The execution state section is transmitted only once at the time when the state of the event changes. Other SI tables are usually sent repeatedly. The stuffing table (ST) may be used to replace or discard the dependent table or the entire SI table.

In one embodiment of the present invention, if the mobile service data is audio or video data, the mobile service data carried in the payload in the TS packet is preferably of the PES type.

As another embodiment of the present invention, when the mobile service data is data for data service, it will be described as an embodiment that the mobile service data carried in the payload in the TS packet is in the form of a DSM-CC section.

However, a TS packet carrying data for the data service may be a packetized elementary stream (PES) type or a section type. That is, data for a PES type data service is composed of TS packets, or data for a section type data service is composed of TS packets.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, data for the data service is transmitted in a section type. In this case, the data for the data service is included in a Digital Storage Media-Command and Control (DSM-CC) section, and the DSM-CC section is configured as TS packets in units of 188 bytes.

The identifier of the TS packet constituting the DSM-CC section is included in a data service table (DST). If the DST is transmitted, 0x95 is allocated as the stream_type field value in the PMT or the service location descriptor of the VCT. That is, when the stream_type field value of the PMT or VCT is 0x95, the reception system may know that data broadcasting including mobile service data, that is, mobile service data, is received. In this case, the mobile service data may be transmitted in a data / object carousel manner. The data / object carousel method means transmitting the same data periodically.

At this time, the demultiplexer 6003 performs section filtering under the control of the SI and / or data decoder 6010 to discard overlapping sections, and output only the non-overlapping sections to the SI and / or data decoder 6010. .

In addition, the demultiplexer 6003 may output only a section constituting a desired table, for example, a VCT or an EIT, to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 through section filtering. The VCT or EIT may include a specific descriptor for mobile service data. However, the mobile service data is not excluded from being included in another table such as PMT.

As the method of section filtering, there is a table defined in MGT, for example, a method of applying section filtering by checking PID of a VCT, or MGT when the VCT has a fixed PID, in other words, a base PID. There is a way to filter the section without checking it. At this time, the demultiplexer 6003 performs section filtering by referring to a PID, a table_id field, a version_number field, a section_number field, and the like.

In detail, there are two methods for defining the PID of the VCT according to the present invention.

Here, the PID of the VCT is a packet identifier required to distinguish the VCT from other tables.

In the first method, the PID of the VCT according to the present invention can be set to be dependent on the MGT. In this case, the receiving system cannot immediately check the VCT among numerous tables of the PSIP or PSI, and can read the VCT only by checking the PID defined in the MGT. The MGT is a table defining PIDs, sizes, version numbers, etc. of various tables.

As a second method, the PID of the VCT according to the present invention may be set to have a base PID value independent of the MGT, that is, a fixed PID value. In this case, unlike the first method, it is possible to identify the VCT according to the present invention without checking the PID of the MGT. Of course, the promise of the base PID must be preceded between the transmitting system and the receiving system.

According to an embodiment, the demultiplexer 6003 may output only an application information table (AIT) to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 through section filtering. The AIT refers to a table including information on an application running in a receiver for data service. In some cases, the AIT is also called XAIT or AMT. Therefore, any table containing information about the application will apply to the description below. When such AIT is transmitted, 0x05 may be allocated to the stream_type field of the PMT.

These AITs provide information about the application, such as the name of the application, the version of the application, the priority of the application, the ID of the application, the state of the application (auto-start, user operable, kill, etc.), and the type of application. (Java or HTML), the location of the stream containing the classes and data files of the application, the base directory of the application, the location of the icon of the application, and the like.

As a method of detecting application information for a data service using the AIT, component_tag, original_network_id, transport_stream_id, and service_id may be detected. The component_tag refers to an elementary stream carrying DSI of the corresponding Object Carousel, and the original_network_id refers to the DVB-SI original_network_id of the TS providing the transport connection. In addition, the transport_stream_id refers to the MPEG TS of the TS providing the transport connection, and the service_id refers to the DVB-SI of the service providing the transport connection. The original_network_id, transport_stream_id, and service_id may be used to obtain information on a specific channel. Data for a data service detected using the above information, for example, data about an application, may be stored in the second storage unit 6011 by the SI and / or data decoder 6010.

The SI and / or data decoder 6010 parses the DSM-CC section constituting the demultiplexed mobile service data and databases the mobile service data as a result of the parsing in the second storage unit 6011.

The SI and / or data decoder 6010 collects sections having the same table identifier (table_id) to form and parse a table, and database the system information as a result of the parsing in the second storage unit 6011.

In this case, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 parses the second multiplexer 6003 to read all remaining sections of the actual section data that are not filtered or sectioned by the demultiplexer 6003 to store the second storage. Stored in the unit 6011. The second storage unit 6011 is a table and data / object carousel database storing system information parsed from a table and mobile service data parsed from a DSM-CC section.

Here, whether a table consists of one section or a plurality of sections can be known through a table_id field, a section_number field, a last_section_number field, and the like. For example, collecting only TS packets having a PID of a VCT results in a section, and gathering sections having a table identifier assigned to a VCT results in a VCT.

By parsing the VCT, information about a virtual channel through which mobile service data is transmitted can be obtained.

In addition, according to the present invention, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 parses the SLD of the VCT and transmits stream type information of the corresponding elementary stream to the audio or video decoders 6004 and 6005. In this case, the corresponding audio or video decoders 6004 and 6005 perform audio or video decoding using the transmitted stream type information.

Further, according to the present invention, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 may include an AC-3 audio descriptor, an MPEG 2 audio descriptor, an MPEG 4 audio descriptor, an AAC descriptor, an AAC + descriptor, an HE AAC descriptor, an AAC SBR descriptor, and an MPEG. Parses surround descriptor, BSAC descriptor, MPEG 2 video descriptor, MPEG 4 video descriptor, H.264 descriptor, SVC descriptor, VC-1 descriptor and etc. To transmit. In this case, the corresponding audio or video decoders 6004 and 6005 perform audio or video decoding using the transmitted audio or video codec information.

The obtained application identification information, service component identification information, and service information of the data service may be stored in the second storage unit 6011 or may be output to the data broadcast application manager 6013.

The application identification information, service component identification information, and service information may be referred to for decoding data for the data service, or may be prepared to drive an application program for a data service in advance.

In addition, the SI and / or data decoder 6010 may control demultiplexing of the system information table, which is a channel and event related information table, and transmit the A / V PID list to the channel manager 6007.

The channel manager 6007 may make a request for receiving a system related information table to the SI and / or data decoder 6010 with reference to a channel map 6008 and receive the result. The channel manager 6007 may control channel tuning of the tuner 6001.

In addition, the channel manager 6007 may directly control the demultiplexer 6003 and directly control the audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005 by directly setting the A / V PID.

The audio / video decoders 6004 and 6005 may decode and output demultiplexed audio and video from the main service data packet, respectively, or decode and output demultiplexed audio and video from the mobile service data packet, respectively. . Meanwhile, according to the exemplary embodiment, when the mobile service data includes not only data for data service but also audio data and video data, the demultiplexer 6003 demultiplexes the audio data and the video data into the audio decoder 6004 and the video decoder ( Of course, each can be decoded at 6005). For example, the audio decoder 6004 may include an AC-3 decoding algorithm, an MPEG 2 audio decoding algorithm, an MPEG 4 audio decoding algorithm, an AAC decoding algorithm, an AAC + decoding algorithm, a HE AAC decoding algorithm, an AAC SBR decoding algorithm, an MPEG surround decoding algorithm, The BSAC decoding algorithm is applied, and the video decoder 6005 can decode the MPEG 2 video decoding algorithm, the MPEG 4 video decoding algorithm, the H.264 decoding algorithm, the SVC decoding algorithm, and the VC-1 decoding algorithm.

Meanwhile, the native TV application manager 6006 drives a native application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 to perform general functions such as channel switching. The native application program refers to software embedded at the time of shipment of the receiving system.

That is, the native TV application manager 6006 responds to the user's request by displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) on the screen when a user request is made to the receiving system through a user interface (UI). .

The user interface receives a user request through an input device such as a remote controller, a keypad, a jog dial, a touch screen provided on the screen, and outputs the user request to the native TV application manager 6006, the data broadcasting application manager 6013, and the like.

In addition, the native TV application manager 6006 controls the channel manager 6007 to control channel related operations, that is, the management of the channel map 6008 and the SI and / or data decoder 6010. The native TV application manager 6006 stores and restores the GUI control of the entire receiving system, the user request, and the state of the receiving system in the first storage unit 6009.

The channel manager 6007 manages the channel map 6008 to control the tuner 6001 and the SI and / or data decoder 6010 so as to respond to the user's channel request.

That is, the channel manager 6007 requests the SI and / or data decoder 6010 to parse a table related to the channel to be tuned, and from the SI and / or data decoder 6010 to the table. Report the result of parsing. The channel manager 6007 updates the channel map 6008 according to the reported parsing result, and demultiplexes a PID for demultiplexing data for a data service and a related table from mobile service data. (6003).

The system manager 6012 controls booting of the receiving system by powering on and off, and stores the ROM image (including the downloaded software image) in the first storage unit 6009.

That is, the first storage unit 6009 stores an operating program such as an operating system (OS) required for operation of the reception system and an application program performing a data service function.

The application program is a program for providing a data service to a user by processing data for a data service stored in the second storage unit 6011. If data for a data service is stored in the second storage unit 6011, the data is processed by the application program or another application program and provided to the user.

The operating program and the application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 may be updated or modified with a new program downloaded. In addition, since the stored operating program and the application program are continuously stored without being erased even when the supply of the operating power is cut off, when the operating power is applied, the stored operating program and the application program can be executed without downloading a new one.

The application program for providing a data service according to the present invention may be embedded in the first storage unit 6009 at the time of shipment of the receiving system, or may be stored in the first storage unit 6009 through download. In addition, an application program for a data service, that is, a data service providing application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 may be deleted, updated, or modified. In addition, the data service providing application program may be downloaded and executed together with the data for the data service whenever data for the data service is received.

When there is a data service request through a user interface (UI), the data broadcasting application manager 6013 drives a corresponding application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 to process the requested data. Provide data services. The data broadcast application manager 6013 supports a GUI for such a data service. Here, the data service is provided in the form of text, voice, graphics, still images, video, and the like.

The data broadcasting application manager may include a platform for executing an application program stored in the first storage unit 6009. The platform may be, for example, a Java virtual machine for executing a Java program.

Next, the data broadcasting application manager 6013 executes a data service providing application program stored in the first storage unit 6009 to process data for the data service stored in the second storage unit 6011. An example of providing a service will be described.

For example, assuming that the data service is a traffic information service, the data service of the present invention is a text, voice, graphic, still image in a receiver that is not equipped with an electronic map or a GPS, or is not equipped with both an electronic map and a GPS. , At least one of the videos is provided to users. In this case, if the GPS module 6020 is installed in the receiving system as shown in FIG. 66, the GPS module 6020 extracts current location information (longitude, latitude, and altitude) by receiving satellite signals transmitted from a plurality of low-orbit satellites. The data is then output to the data broadcast application manager 6013. In this case, it is assumed that an electronic map including information on each link and node and various graphic information are stored in the second storage unit 6011 or the first storage unit 6009 or another storage unit not shown.

That is, at the request of the data broadcasting application manager 6013, data for the data service stored in the second storage unit 6011 is read and input to the data broadcasting application manager 6013.

The data broadcasting application manager 6013 analyzes data for a data service read from the second storage unit 6011 and extracts necessary information and / or control signals according to the message contents. That is, the data broadcasting application manager 6013 processes to provide the current location information to the user graphically using the current location information and the graphic information.

72 is a block diagram illustrating a digital broadcast reception system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The receiving system of FIG. 72 includes a tuner 7001, a demodulator 7002, a demultiplexer 7003, a first descrambler 7004, an audio decoder 7005, a video decoder 7006, and a second descrambler 7007. , Authentication means 7008, native TV application manager 7009, channel manager 7010, channel map 7011, first storage 7072, SI and / or data decoder 7013, second storage ( 7014, a system manager 7015, a data broadcast application manager 7016, a storage controller 7017, a third storage unit 7018, a communication module 7019, and a GPS module 7020. Can be. The first storage part 7022 is a nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) (or flash memory). The third storage unit 7018 is a mass storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) and a memory chip. In addition, the description overlapping with FIG. 66 in the description of each part constituting FIG. 72 uses the above-described content of FIG. 66 and will not be described herein.

Meanwhile, the transmitter may scramble and transmit broadcast content to provide a service or a paid broadcast service for preventing illegal copying or illegal viewing of mobile service and / or main service data transmitted through a broadcasting network.

In this case, the reception system can provide proper broadcast content to the user only by descrambled the scrambled broadcast content. In addition, the receiving system may undergo an authentication procedure by an authentication means before the descramble.

Hereinafter, a reception system including an authentication means and a descramble means according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The receiving system according to the present invention may include means for receiving and descrambled scrambled broadcast content, and means for authenticating whether the corresponding receiving system is a legitimate receiving system entitled to receive in relation to the descramble.

Hereinafter, for the convenience of description, the means for descrambling are referred to as descramblers 7004 and 7007, and the means for authenticating are referred to as authentication means 7008. Such a name is just one embodiment and may be called another name, for example, a decrypter.

At this time, the receiving system of FIG. 72 is provided with the descramblers 7004 and 7007 and the authentication means 7008 therein in one embodiment, but may be provided separately in an external module. In addition, the descramblers 7004 and 7007 and the authentication means 7008 may be provided separately in the internal or external modules. The module may be a slot type such as SD or CF memory, a memory stick type, a USB type, or the like, and may be attached to or detached from the receiving system.

As described above, when the authentication is successful through the authentication means 7008, the receiving system may descramble the scrambled broadcast content in the descramblers 7004 and 7007 and provide the same to the user. In this case, the authentication method and the descramble method may use various methods. In that case, however, it must be based on a pre-determined appointment between sending and receiving.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the authentication method and the descramble method will be described for convenience of description, and redundant description will be omitted. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments, and it is to be understood that the present invention is included in the technical spirit apparent to those skilled in the art.

First, a description will be given of the case where the receiving unit 7008 and the descramblers 7004 and 7007 are provided in the receiving system.

The receiving system receives the scrambled broadcast content through the tuner 7001 and the demodulator 7002, and the system manager 7015 determines whether the received broadcast content is scrambled. If the broadcast content is scrambled as a result of the determination, the authentication means 7008 is controlled to operate.

As described above, the authentication means 7008 undergoes an authentication procedure to determine whether the corresponding receiving system is a legitimate host who is entitled to receive the pay broadcasting service. At this time, the authentication procedure will be different according to various authentication methods.

In one embodiment, the authentication means 7008 may authenticate by comparing the IP address of the IP datagram in the received broadcast content with the unique address of the host. In this case, the unique address of the corresponding receiving system may be a MAC address. That is, the authentication means 7008 extracts an IP address from the decapsulated IP datagram and obtains reception system information mapped to the address. At this time, the receiving system should be provided with information (for example, a table format) which can map an IP address and receiving system information in advance.

Therefore, the authentication means 7008 determines the identity of the address of the corresponding receiving system and the receiving system information mapped to the IP address and performs the authentication procedure. That is, the authentication means 7008 may determine that the corresponding receiving system is a legitimate receiving system that is eligible to receive if the two pieces of information are identical.

In another embodiment, the transmitting and receiving side defines the standardized identification information in advance, and transmits the identification information of the receiving system applying for the pay broadcasting service at the transmitting side, and the receiving system performs the authentication procedure after determining the identity with its own identification number. There is a way. That is, the transmitting side generates and stores a database with unique identification information (number) of the corresponding receiving system that has applied for the paid broadcasting service, and transmits the identification information in an Entitlement Management Message (EMM) when scrambled broadcasting content. do.

When the broadcast content is scrambled, a message (for example, ECM, EMM) such as conditional access system (CAS) information, mode information, and message location information applied to the scramble is transmitted through a corresponding data header or another packet. . The Entitlement Control Message (ECM) may include a control word (CW) used for scramble. In this case, the control word may be encrypted with an authentication key. The EMM may include an authentication key and entitlement information of the corresponding data. The authentication key may be encrypted with a distribution key unique to the receiver. That is, assume that mobile service data is scrambled using the control word CW, and information for authentication and information for descrambling are transmitted at the transmitting side. Then, the transmitting side encrypts the CW with an authentication key and then transmits the CW in an entitlement control message (ECM). In addition, the transmitting side transmits the authentication key used to encrypt the CW and the receiving credentials of the receiving system (eg, a standardized serial number of the receiving system having the receiving qualification) in the EMM.

Therefore, the authentication means 7008 of the receiving system extracts identification information unique to the corresponding reception system, extracts identification information included in the EMM of the receiving broadcast service, determines whether the two identification information are identical, and performs an authentication procedure. . That is, the authentication means 7008 may determine that the corresponding receiving system is a legitimate receiving system that is eligible to receive if the two pieces of information are identical.

In another embodiment, the receiving system may be provided with the authentication means 7008 in a removable external module. In this case, the receiving system and the external module interface through a common interface (CI). That is, the external module may perform descrambling by receiving scrambled data from the receiving system through a common interface, and may transmit only information necessary for descrambling to the receiving system.

In addition, the common interface includes a physical layer and one or more protocol layers, and the protocol layer may have a structure including one or more layers that provide independent functions in consideration of scalability in the future.

The external module may be a memory or a card that stores key information and authentication information used for scramble and does not have a descramble function, or a card including a descramble function. That is, the module may include a descramble function in the form of hardware, middleware or software.

At this time, the receiving system and the external module must be authenticated to provide the user with the pay broadcasting service provided by the transmitter. Therefore, the transmitting side may provide the pay broadcasting service only to the receiving system and the module pair which have been authenticated.

In addition, the receiving system and the external module need to mutually authenticate each other through a common interface. That is, the module may authenticate the receiving system by communicating with the system manager 7015 in the receiving system through the common interface, and the receiving system may authenticate the module through the common interface. The module may extract a unique ID and a unique ID of a receiving system and transmit the unique ID of the receiving system to the transmitting side during the mutual authentication process, and the transmitting side may use the value as service start or charging information. The system manager 7015 may transmit the charging information to the transmitting side of the remote place through the communication module 7019 if necessary.

The authentication means 7008 authenticates the corresponding receiving system and / or external module, and if the authentication is successful, recognizes the receiving system as a legitimate receiving system that is entitled to receive the pay broadcasting service. In addition, the authentication means 7008 may receive authentication-related data from a mobile communication company subscribed to by a receiving system user other than the transmitting side providing the broadcast content. In this case, the authentication-related data may be scrambled by the transmitting side providing the broadcast content through the mobile communication company or scrambled by the mobile communication company.

If authentication is successful by the authentication means 7008, the receiving system may scramble and descramble the received broadcast content. At this time, the descrambler is made in the descrambler (7004, 7007), the descrambler (7004, 7007) may be provided in an internal or external module of the receiving system.

The receiving system also has a common interface and can descramble in communication with an external module including descramblers 7004 and 7007. That is, the descramblers 7004 and 7007 may be included in the module in the form of hardware, middleware or software, or may be included in the receiving system, or may include both the module and the receiving system or only one of them.

If the descramblers 7004 and 7007 are provided inside the reception system, it is advantageous when the transmitting side (including at least one of a service provider and a broadcasting station) scrambles and transmits data using the same scramble method.

On the other hand, if the descrambler (7004, 7007) is included in an external module, it is advantageous when the scrambler to transmit data by a different scramble method for each transmitting side. In this case, the receiving system does not need to have a descramble algorithm of each transmitting end, so that the receiving system can be further simplified and downsized. Therefore, in this case, the external module may be a subject that provides CA functions exclusively provided by each transmitting party and functions for various services to be provided to the user.

The common interface communicates in a single manner between various types of external modules and the system manager 7015 in the receiving system. In addition, the receiving system has a structure in which a plurality of modules and the system manager 7015 can be connected because at least one or more modules providing different services can be connected and operated at the same time.

In addition, the common interface protocol between the receiving system and the external module includes a function of periodically checking the state of the other party to maintain normal communication with each other. The receiving system and the module use this function to manage the state of the other party, and if one malfunctions, it includes a function to report to the user or the sender and try to recover.

In another embodiment, the authentication procedure may be performed in software without being dependent on hardware.

That is, when the memory card, which is stored in advance by downloading the CAS software, is inserted, the receiving system receives and loads the CAS software from the memory card and performs an authentication procedure. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the CAS software read from the memory card is mounted in the first storage unit 7022 in the receiving system and driven in one application form. In particular, according to the present invention, the CAS software is mounted and executed on a middleware base. In addition, the middleware will be described using JAVA middleware as an example.

To this end, the receiving system may include a common interface for connecting to a memory card, and the first storage unit 7022 may be a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, and a flash memory (also called a flash ROM). In this case, the memory card mainly uses a flash memory or a small hard drive. The memory card may be used in at least one or more receiving systems according to the contents, authentication, scramble, billing method, etc. of the stored CAS software.

However, the CAS software must include at least information necessary for authentication and information required for descramble.

Thus, the authentication means 7008 performs an authentication procedure between the transmitting side, the receiving system, and the receiving system and the memory card. In this case, similarly to the above description, the memory card may include information on a normal receiving system that can be authenticated as being entitled to receive. For example, the information about the receiving system may include unique information such as a serial number standardized for the receiving system. Thus, the authentication means 7008 can perform authentication between the memory card and the receiving system by comparing the unique information such as the standardized serial number included in the memory card with the unique information of the corresponding receiving system.

The CAS software first performs authentication between a receiving system and a memory card when operating on a Java middleware base. For example, if the unique number of the receiving system included in the CAS software and the unique number of the receiving system read from the system manager 7015 of the receiving system are identical to each other, and the same, the memory card can be used normally in the receiving system. Confirmed by memory card. In this case, the CAS software may be embedded in the first storage unit 7015 at the time of shipment of the receiving system, or may be downloaded to the first storage unit 7015 from the transmitting side or the module or the memory card as described above. Then, the descramble function may be operated by the data broadcast application manager 7009 in the form of one application.

Thereafter, the CAS software parses the EMM / ECM packet output from the demultiplexer 7003, checks whether the corresponding receiver is eligible to receive, obtains information (i.e., CW) necessary for descramble, and descrambles the descramblers 7004 and 7007. to provide. That is, CAS software operating on the Java middleware first reads the unique number of the corresponding receiving system from the receiving system and compares the unique number of the receiving system transmitted to the EMM to check the receiving qualification of the current receiving system.

When the reception qualification of the reception system is confirmed, the reception system checks whether the reception system is entitled to receive the broadcast service by using the broadcast service information transmitted to the ECM and the reception qualification of the broadcast service. When the qualification to receive the broadcast service is confirmed, the encrypted CW transmitted to the ECM is decrypted using the authentication key transmitted to the EMM and then output to the descramblers 7004 and 7007. The descramblers 7004 and 7007 descramble a broadcast service using the CW.

On the other hand, CAS software stored in the memory card can be extended according to the pay service to be provided by the broadcasting station. In addition, the CAS software may include other additional information as well as information related to authentication and descrambling.

The receiving system may download CAS software from the transmitting side and upgrade the CAS software stored in the memory card.

As described above, the present invention implements a CAS system in a manner that satisfies all memory cards detachable to a receiving system, provided that any type of broadcast receiver is provided with only an external memory interface, so that the receiving system can receive paid broadcast contents such as broadcast. Maximum functionality can be implemented at a minimum cost and the diversity of the receiving system can be respected.

In addition, since only a minimum application program interface (API) needs to be implemented in the implementation method, the burden on the receiving system manufacturer can be minimized, and the part that has to be dependent on the CAS company can be removed. This also minimizes the cost for the CAS equipment building and operating system on the sending side.

The descramblers 7004 and 7007 may be included in the module in the form of hardware or software. In this case, the scrambled and received data may be descrambled in the module and then decoded.

When the scrambled and received data are stored in the third storage unit 7018, the scrambled data may be descrambled and stored, or the scrambled data may be stored as it is and then descrambled during playback. If the storage control unit 7017 is provided with a scramble / descramble algorithm, the storage control unit 7017 may scramble the received data once again and store the data in the third storage unit 7018.

In another embodiment, the descrambled (receive limited) broadcast content is transmitted through a broadcasting network, and the authentication, descrambling related information, etc. for solving the reception restriction are transmitted and received through the communication module 7019, thereby bidirectionally receiving in the receiving system. Enable communication.

The receiving system transmits unique information (ID) such as serial number or MAC address of the corresponding receiving system so that the transmitting side can recognize the broadcast data desired to be transmitted and received and the receiving system transmitting the broadcast data to the transmitting side located at a remote site. Transfer to my communication module or receive from communication module in sender.

The communication module 7019 in the receiving system provides a protocol required for performing bidirectional communication with the communication module in the transmitting side in a receiving system that does not support the bidirectional communication function.

The receiving system configures a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) using a Tag-Length-Value (TLV) coding method including data to be transmitted and unique information (ID). The tag field contains the indexing of the corresponding PDU, the length field contains the length of the Value field, and the Value field contains the actual data to be transmitted and the ID number of the receiving system.

If the receiving system is equipped with a Java platform and configures a platform that operates after downloading the sending Java application to the receiving system through the network, the PDU includes a tag field arbitrarily defined by the sending side. It is also possible to download the data from a storage medium in the receiving system and the like and transmit the communication module 7019.

In this case, the PDU may configure a PDU in a Java application in the receiving system and output the PDU to the communication module 7019. Alternatively, the Java application may transmit a tag value, actual data to be transmitted, and unique information of the corresponding receiving system, and configure a PDU through TLV coding in the receiving system.

The advantage of this structure is that the firmware of the receiving system does not need to be changed even if the data (or application) desired by the sender is added.

At this time, the communication module in the transmitting side transmits the PDU received from the receiving system through a wireless data network or configures the data received through the network as a PDU to the receiving system. In this case, the communication module in the transmitting end may include a transmitter-side unique information (for example, an IP address) of a remote place when configuring a PDU to be transmitted to the receiving system.

At this time, the receiving system is a WAP, a CDMA 1x EV-DO, a wireless LAN that can be connected through an access point, which has a common interface and can be connected through a mobile communication base station such as CDMA, GSM, etc. Portable Internet, WiBro, WiMAX, etc. can be provided. The above-described receiving system corresponds to a case where there is no communication function, but in the case of a receiving system having a communication function, the communication module 7019 is not necessary.

The broadcast data transmitted and received through the above-described wireless data network may include data necessary to perform a CA.

Meanwhile, the demultiplexer 7003 receives real time data output from the demodulator 7002 or data read from the third storage unit 7018 and performs demultiplexing. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the demultiplexer 7003 performs demultiplexing on a mobile service data packet. Detailed description thereof is used herein and the description is omitted herein.

The first descrambler 7004 receives and descrambles the demultiplexed signal from the demultiplexer 7003. In this case, the first descrambler 7004 may receive the authentication result or data necessary for descramble from the authentication means 7008 and use it for descramble.

The audio decoder 7005 and the video decoder 7006 receive and decode the descrambled signal from the first descrambler 7004 or output the descrambled signal without outputting it from the first descrambler 7004. Is decoded as is and output. In this case, the decoded signal is received and descrambled by the second descrambler 7007 to be processed.

Scalable  Video service

Meanwhile, considering a variable bit rate environment of a mobile service, a scalable video service according to a bitrate change is required.

To this end, the present invention enables to support a scalable video service on a mobile service, and to efficiently perform channel setting and mobile service when providing a scalable video service.

In particular, the present invention is to reduce the amount of computation of the video decoder by allowing the demultiplexer to select each layer in processing scalable video to be used in mobile services.

 One scalable bitstream may consist of two or more dependent layers. In this case, the scalable codec is composed of one lower layer and a plurality of enhancement layers. Here, the information of the lowest layer and successive upper layers is used together to create a more improved video bitstream. For example, image quality scalability may generate bitstreams having the same spatial and temporal dimensions from one bitstream but having different image quality. In general, the lowest layer provides picture quality, and the continuous higher layer encodes to have a higher picture quality than the video made of previous layers. Similarly, the same principles apply to scalability in temporal and spatial resolutions.

73 is a conceptual diagram for Temporal Scalability related to continuous operation of a video stream. Video Scalability includes Temporal Scalability, Spatial Scalability related to screen size, Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR related to image quality, and SNR Scalability or Fidelity There is this.

In the present invention, temporal scalability is described as an embodiment, but spatial scalability and SNR scalability are also included in the scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of time scalability according to the present invention is merely one example for describing the present invention.

74 is a view illustrating an embodiment of a method of transmitting respective layer data of scalable video according to the present invention.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a different PID (Packet Identification) is allocated to each layer of scalable video data to configure each elementary stream (ES).

For example, a PID value inserted into a header of a video stream packet including a video element stream of a lower layer is different from a PID value inserted into a header of a video stream packet including a video element stream of a first upper layer. In the present invention, the video stream packet is composed of a header and a payload. In this embodiment, the header is allocated 4 bytes and the payload 184 bytes. The numerical values assigned to the header and payload may vary by system designer, so the present invention will not be limited to the numerical values.

The process of configuring a video stream packet while allocating different PIDs for scalable video data for each layer may be performed by the service multiplexer 100 in the transmission system of FIG. 13 or may be performed by the transmitter 200. . According to an embodiment of the present invention, the service multiplexer 100 is performed.

For example, the PID value of scalable video data of the lowest layer assigns 0xF0, the PID value of scalable video data of the first upper layer allocates 0xF1, and the PID value of scalable video data of the second upper layer Can assign 0xF2. The PID values presented in the present invention are only one embodiment, and the scope of the present invention will not be limited to the numerical values assigned to the PID values.

In addition, when the scalable video data of each layer is allocated to the A, B, C, and D areas of the data group by the group formatter 303 in the transmitter of the present invention, all of the scalable video data of each layer is allocated to the same area. In other words, they can be assigned to different areas.

In the present invention, scalable video data of a lower layer is allocated to an A / B region within a data group, and scalable video data of an upper layer (enhanced layer) is allocated to a C / D region within a data group for transmission. It will be described in an embodiment. According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the data group is divided into A, B, C, and D areas according to the degree of interference of the main service data. In the area A> B> C> D, the interference of the main service data is less, and the less the interference of the main service data, the lower the probability of error occurrence and the better the reception performance.

FIG. 75 illustrates an embodiment in which a receiving system receives and processes scalable video data in which different PIDs are allocated and transmitted for each layer.

The demodulator of the reception system receives and demodulates scalable video data in which different PIDs are assigned and transmitted for each layer, and outputs the demodulated signal to the demultiplexer 8001 in the form of a video stream packet. The header in the video stream packet includes a PID for identifying data of a payload, and the payload in the video stream packet includes an element stream of scalable video data of a layer indicated by the PID. As the demultiplexer 8001, the demultiplexers 6003 and 7003 of FIGS. 66 and 72 may be applied. In addition, the demodulator for receiving and demodulating scalable video data in which different PIDs are allocated and transmitted for each layer will be an example. However, this is only one embodiment and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Although the demultiplexer 8001 in the receiving system can receive all of the video stream packet, the audio stream packet, and the data stream packet, in the present invention, receiving and processing the video stream packet is described as an embodiment. The audio stream packet and the data stream packet may be referred to the processing procedure of the video stream packet, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted.

That is, the demultiplexer 8001 distinguishes which layers of the video stream packet are input by referring to the PID of the input video stream packet and program table information such as PSI / PSIP.

The demultiplexer 8001 outputs the divided video stream packets of the lowest layer to the video decoder 8002. However, the upper layer video stream packet is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 or output to the video decoder 8002.

There may be various criteria for determining whether the upper stream video stream packet is output to the video decoder 8002 or discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002. According to the embodiment of the present invention, determination is made according to the decoding capability of the video decoder 8002.

That is, if the video decoder 8002 can process the video stream packet of the upper layer, the video stream packet of the higher layer classified by the demultiplexer 8001 is output to the video decoder 8002. For example, if the video decoder 8002 can process the video stream packet of the first higher layer, the lowest layer divided by the demultiplexer 8001 and the video stream packet of the first higher layer are decoded. 8002), but the video stream packet of the second higher layer is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002.

The video decoder 8002 decodes and outputs a video stream packet input from the demultiplexer 8001 according to a corresponding video decoding algorithm. For example, the video decoding algorithm may apply at least one of an MPEG 2 video decoding algorithm, an MPEG 4 video decoding algorithm, an H.264 decoding algorithm, an SVC decoding algorithm, and a VC-1 decoding algorithm.

For example, if the video decoder 8002 has the capability to process only the video stream packets of the lowest layer, the demultiplexer 800 1 outputs only the video stream packets of the lowest layer to the video decoder 8002, and the The video decoder 8002 performs decoding on the video stream packet of the lowest layer.

As another example, if the video decoder 8002 has the capability to process only video stream packets up to a first upper layer, the demultiplexer 8001 only displays video stream packets of the lowest and first higher layers. Output to decoder 8002, which decodes video stream packets of the lowest layer and the first upper layer.

FIG. 76 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer by using a VCT among PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG. 75.

That is, the receiving system receives the VCT and parses the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the received VCT to determine whether the corresponding video stream packet is a scalable video for mobile service (MPH Scalable Video). If it is identified as scalable video for mobile service, it is determined whether the corresponding video stream packet is scalable video data of the lowest layer, and if it is correct, the corresponding video stream packet is transmitted to the video decoder 8002.

 When the video stream packet is identified as MPH scalable video for mobile service, but the scalable video data of the upper layer is output to the video decoder 8002 according to whether the video decoder 8002 can be decoded or outputted. Throw it away.

For example, if the stream_type field value of the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the received VCT indicates scalable video for mobile service and the layer_id field value indicates the lowest layer, the video stream packet is unconditionally output to the video decoder 8002. As another example, if the stream_type field value of MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the received VCT indicates scalable video for mobile service and the layer_id field value indicates the first higher layer, the corresponding video stream packet is not output or output to the video decoder 8002. Throw it away.

That is, the VCT of the present invention may include a first loop (channel_loop) of the 'for' loop repeated as much as the num_channels_in_section field value as shown in FIG. 67.

Included in the first loop short_name field, major_channel_number field, minor_channel_number field, modulation_mode field, carrier_frequency field, channel_TSID field, program_number field, ETM_location field, access_controlled field, hidden field, service_type field, source_id field, descriptor_length field, and this first loop. It may include at least one of a second loop in a 'for' loop that is repeated by the number of descriptors. Since description of each field in the first loop is described with reference to FIG. 67, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the present invention, the second loop is called a descriptor loop for convenience of description. Descriptor descriptors () included in the descriptor loop are descriptors applied to each virtual channel individually.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the descriptor loop includes an MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor for transmitting information for distinguishing scalable video data of each layer.

77 shows an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor according to the present invention.

MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () of FIG. 77 may include at least one of a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_length field, a PCR_PID field, a number_elements field, and a 'for' loop that is repeated by the number_elements field value. In the present invention, a repeating statement repeated as many as the number_elements field value will be referred to as an ES loop for convenience of explanation.

Each ES loop may include at least one of a stream_type field and an elementary_PID field.

In addition, each ES loop may include at least one of a scalability_type field, a layer_id field, and a base_layer_id field when the stream_type field value indicates scalable video for mobile service (MPH Scalable Video).

Each of the ES loops may further include at least one of a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field when a scalability_type field value indicates time scalability or a lower layer.

Each of the ES loops may further include at least one of a profile_idc field, a constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag field, and a level_idc field when a scalability_type field value indicates spatial scalability or a lower layer.

In addition, each ES loop may further include an additional_info_byte field when the stream_type field value indicates audio for mobile service (MPH Audio).

In FIG. 77 configured as described above, the descriptor_tag field may allocate 8 bits according to an embodiment, and indicates a value capable of uniquely identifying the corresponding descriptor.

The descriptor_length field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and indicates the length of a corresponding descriptor.

In an embodiment, the PCR_PID field may allocate 13 bits and indicates a PID of a Program Clock Reference elementary stream. That is, the PCR_PID field indicates the PID of the transport stream packet including the PCR field valid in the program specified by the program_number field.

The number_elements field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and indicates the number of ESs present in the descriptor.

The number of repetitions of the ES loop described below is determined according to the number_elements field value.

In an embodiment, the stream_type field may allocate 8 bits and indicates a type of a corresponding ES. 78 is a view illustrating an embodiment of values that can be assigned to a stream_type field and its definition according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 78, the stream type is ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO / IEC 13818-2 Video or ISO / IEC 11172-2 constrained parameter video stream, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, synchronized data, DSM-CC sections containing A / 90 asynchronous data, DSM-CC addressable sections per A / 90 , DSM-CC sections containing non-streaming, synchronized data, Audio per ATSC A / 53E Annex B, Sections conveying A / 90 Data Service Table, Network Resource Table, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, synchronous data, etc. . Meanwhile, according to the present invention, non-scalable video data for MPH, audio data for MPH, scalable video data for MPH, and the like may be further applied as a stream type.

In an embodiment, the elementary_PID field may allocate 13 bits and indicates a PID of the corresponding ES.

When the stream type field value indicates scalable video for mobile service, the stream type field value may include at least one of a scalability_type field, a layer_id field, and a base_layer_id field.

In an embodiment, the scalability_type field may allocate 4 bits, and indicates the type of scalability of the scalable video stream. 79 illustrates an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the scalability_type field and its definition according to the present invention. In FIG. 79, the scalability_type field value is 0x1, the spatial scalability is 0x2, the SNR scalability is 0x03, the time scalability is 0x03, and the lowest layer is 0xF.

According to an embodiment, the layer_id field may be allocated 4 bits, represents layer information of the scalable video stream, and may be interpreted in parallel with the scalablity_type field. If the video stream is the lowest layer, this value is assigned to 0x0, and the higher the layer, the higher the value. For example, the layer_id field value of the first upper layer may allocate 0x01, and the layer_id field value of the second upper layer may allocate 0x02. Here, the values assigned to the layer_id field are preferred embodiments or simple examples, and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited to the numerical values.

In an embodiment, the base_layer_id field may allocate 4 bits, and when the scalable video stream is an enhancement layer stream, it indicates a layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the stream. If the stream is the lowest layer, this base_layer_id field is deprecated. For example, when the scalable video stream is the first enhancement layer-1 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the scalable video stream of the first upper layer becomes the layer_id value of the lowest layer ( Ie base_layer_id = 0x00). As another example, when the scalable video stream is a second enhancement layer-2 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the stream is the layer_id value of the first upper layer (ie, base_layer_id = 0x01). .

On the other hand, if the scalability_type field value indicates a Temporal (eg, 0x3) or a lowest layer (eg, 0xF), the scalability_type field value may further include at least one of a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field.

The frame_rate_code may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment, and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video stream. For example, the frame_rate_code field may indicate a value of the frame_rate_code field defined in ISO / IEC 13818-2.

The frame rate of the scalable video stream can be calculated as follows. That is, frame_rate = frame_rate_value x (frame_rate_num + 1) / (frame_rate_denom + 1). Here, frame_rate_value is an actual frame_rate value extracted from frame_rate_code. 80 shows an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the frame_rate_code field and its definition according to the present invention. For example, if the frame_rate_code field value is 1000 in FIG. 80, this means that the frame rate is 60 Hz.

The frame_rate_num field may allocate 2 bits in one embodiment, and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video stream. However, when the frame rate is extracted directly from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_num field is set to '0'.

The frame_rate_denom field may allocate 5 bits in one embodiment, and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video. However, when the frame rate is extracted directly from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_denom field is set to '0'.

On the other hand, if the scalability_type field value indicates Spatial (eg, 0x1) or the lowest layer (eg, 0xF), the scalability_type field value may further include at least one of a profile_idc field, a constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag field, and a level_idc field.

The profile_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and represents a profile of a scalable video stream transmitted. For example, the profile_idc field may apply the profile_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10 as it is. 81 shows an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the profile_idc field and its definition according to the present invention. For example, if the profile_idc field value is 66, it means a baseline profile.

In one embodiment, the constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag fields may be allocated 1 bit, and indicate whether the constraint of the corresponding corresponding profile is satisfied.

The level_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and indicates a level of a scalable video stream transmitted. For example, the level_idc field may apply the level_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10 as it is. FIG. 82 shows an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the level_idc field and its definition according to the present invention. For example, if the level_idc field value is 11, it means 1.1 level.

In addition, each ES loop may further include an additional_info_byte field when the stream_type field value indicates audio for mobile service (MPH Audio). The additional_info_byte field may include an ISO_639_language_code field indicating a language code of the corresponding elementary stream.

The order, location, and meaning of the fields allocated to the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () shown in FIG. 77 are merely an example for helping understanding of the present invention. Since the number of fields can be easily changed by those skilled in the art, the present invention will not be limited to the above embodiment.

FIG. 83 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using a VCT among PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG. 75.

That is, when the virtual channel is selected (S8101), the VCT including the information of the selected virtual channel is received (S8102). The received VCT is parsed to extract major / minor channel number, channel_TSID, source_id, hidden, hide_guide, service_type information, etc. (S8103). Subsequently, MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () in the VCT is parsed (S8104), and stream_type, elementary_PID information, etc. are extracted from the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () (S8105).

Then, it is checked whether the stream_type field value is 0xD2 (S8106). As an example, if the stream_type field value is 0xD2, the stream means scalable video data for mobile service.

Therefore, when it is determined in S8106 that the stream_type field value is 0xD2, scalability_type, layer_id, base_layer_id field, frame rate information (eg, frame_rate_code, frame_rate_num, frame_rate_denom), profile information (eg, profile_idc_flag, constraint_set0_3flag, constraint_set0_3flag) from the corresponding MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor (). ) And the like (S8107).

Then, it is checked whether the layer_id field value is 0x0 (S8108). As an example, when the layer_id field value is 0x0, the corresponding video stream means a video stream of the lowest layer.

Therefore, when it is determined in step S8108 that the layer_id field value is 0x0, scalable video data of the lowest layer is output to the video decoder 8002 (S8109). In operation S8110, it is checked whether the video decoder 8002 supports a higher layer. If it is determined in S8110 that the upper layer is supported, the process returns to S8105. If it is determined that the upper layer is not supported, the process proceeds to S8115. In S8115, the video decoder 8002 performs video decoding only on the video stream of the lowest layer to provide the user with a mobile service (MPH service).

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S8108 that the layer_id field value is not 0x0, the corresponding video stream means a video stream of a higher layer. In this case, the process proceeds to S8111. In S8111, the video decoder 8002 checks whether scalable video data of a corresponding upper layer is supported. If it is determined that the upper layer is supported, the scalable video data of the upper layer is output to the video decoder 8002 and the process returns to S8105 (S8112). For example, if it is determined in S8111 that the receiving system supports the first higher layer, scalable video data of the first higher layer is output to the video decoder 8002 in S8112.

If it is determined in S8111 that the upper layer is not supported, the scalable video data of the upper layer is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 (Discard packets with this PID). In this case, scalable video data of a higher layer higher than the corresponding upper layer is also discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 (Discard upper enhanced layer packets). For example, if it is determined in S8111 that the receiving system does not support the first upper layer, in S8113 the scalable video data of the first and second higher layers is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002.

On the other hand, if the stream_type field value is not 0xD2 in S8106, that is, the stream is not scalable video data for mobile service, the process proceeds to S8114. In S8114, the input stream is output to the corresponding decoder. At this time, if another stream remains, the flow returns to S8105, and if not, the flow goes to S8115.

For example, if the video decoder 8002 can support the first upper layer, the S8115 performs video decoding on scalable video data of the lowest layer and the first upper layer to provide a mobile service to the user.

FIG. 84 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using PMT of PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG. 75.

That is, the receiving system receives the PMT and parses the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the received PMT to determine whether the corresponding video stream packet is scalable video for mobile service (MPH Scalable Video). If it is confirmed as scalable video for mobile service, it is determined whether the corresponding video stream packet is scalable video data of the lowest layer, and if it is correct, the corresponding video stream packet is transmitted to the video decoder 8002.

However, if the video stream packet is identified as MPH scalable video for mobile service, but is scalable video data of an enhanced layer, the video stream packet is sent to the video decoder 8002 according to whether the video decoder 8002 can be decoded. Output or not output.

For example, if the stream_type field value of the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the received PMT indicates scalable video for mobile service and the layer_id field value indicates the lowest layer, the video stream packet is unconditionally output to the video decoder 8002. As another example, if the stream_type field value of MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the received PMT indicates scalable video for mobile service and the layer_id field value indicates the first upper layer, the corresponding video stream packet is not output or output to the video decoder 8002. Throw it away.

That is, the PID of the PMT of the present invention can be obtained from the PAT. The PAT is special information transmitted by a packet whose PID is 0, and describes each component of the program for each program number, and indicates a PID of a transport packet that transmits a program map table (PMT). That is, the program number and the PID of the PMT are found by parsing a PAT table having a PID of 0.

The PMT obtained from the PAT provides a correlation between the components constituting the program. The PMT describes the program identification number and the PID list and accessory information of the transport packet to which individual bit streams such as video and audio constituting the program are transmitted. That is, the role of the PMT is to transmit information on which PIDs of elementary streams (ES) required to configure a program are transmitted.

The PMT includes a loop of a 'for' loop that is repeated by the number of ESs included in one program number (program_number). The loop is also referred to as an ES loop for convenience of description.

Each ES loop may include at least one of a stream_type field, an elementary_PID field, an ES_info_length field, and a descriptor loop including a 'for' loop repeated as many as the number of descriptors included in the corresponding ES. The descriptor () included in the descriptor loop is a descriptor applied to each ES individually.

The stream_type field represents the type of the corresponding ES. 78 is a view illustrating an embodiment of values that can be assigned to a stream_type field and its definition according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 78, the stream type is ITU-T Rec. H.262 | ISO / IEC 13818-2 Video or ISO / IEC 11172-2 constrained parameter video stream, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, synchronized data, DSM-CC sections containing A / 90 asynchronous data, DSM-CC addressable sections per A / 90 , DSM-CC sections containing non-streaming, synchronized data, Audio per ATSC A / 53E Annex B, Sections conveying A / 90 Data Service Table, Network Resource Table, PES packets containing A / 90 streaming, synchronous data, etc. . Meanwhile, according to the present invention, non-scalable video data for MPH, audio data for MPH, scalable video data for MPH, and the like may be further applied as a stream type.

The elementary_PID field indicates the PID of the corresponding ES.

According to the present invention, when the stream type field value indicates scalable video data for mobile service (0xD2), MPH_scalable_video_descriptor for transmitting information capable of distinguishing scalable video data of each layer to the descriptor loop is provided. In one embodiment it includes. That is, MPH_scalable_video_descriptor is included in the descriptor () region of the second loop of the PMT.

85 shows an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of MPH_scalable_video_descriptor according to the present invention.

MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () of FIG. 85 may include at least one of a descriptor_tag field, a descriptor_length field, a scalability_type field, a layer_id field, and a base_layer_id field.

 The MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () may further include at least one of frame rate information, for example, a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field, when a scalability_type field value indicates time scalability or a lower layer.

The MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () may further include at least one of profile information, for example, profile_idc field, constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag field, and level_idc field if the scalability_type field value indicates spatial scalability or lower layer.

In FIG. 85 configured as described above, the descriptor_tag field may allocate 8 bits according to an embodiment, and indicates a value capable of uniquely identifying the corresponding descriptor.

The descriptor_length field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and indicates the length of a corresponding descriptor.

In an embodiment, the scalability_type field may allocate 4 bits, and indicates the type of scalability of the scalable video stream. 79 illustrates an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the scalability_type field and its definition according to the present invention. In FIG. 79, the scalability_type field value is 0x1, the spatial scalability is 0x2, the SNR scalability is 0x03, the time scalability is 0x03, and the lowest layer is 0xF.

According to an embodiment, the layer_id field may be allocated 4 bits, represents layer information of the scalable video stream, and may be interpreted in parallel with the scalablity_type field. If the video stream is the lowest layer, this value is assigned to 0x0, and the higher the layer, the higher the value.

In an embodiment, the base_layer_id field may allocate 4 bits, and when the scalable video stream is an enhancement layer stream, it indicates a layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the stream. If the stream is the lowest layer, this base_layer_id field is deprecated. For example, when the scalable video stream is the first enhancement layer-1 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the scalable video stream of the first upper layer becomes the layer_id value of the lowest layer ( Ie base_layer_id = 0x00). As another example, when the scalable video stream is a second enhancement layer-2 stream, the layer_id value of the lower layer referred to by the stream is the layer_id value of the first upper layer (ie, base_layer_id = 0x01). .

On the other hand, if the scalability_type field value indicates a Temporal (eg, 0x3) or a lowest layer (eg, 0xF), the scalability_type field value may further include at least one of a frame_rate_code field, a frame_rate_num field, and a frame_rate_denom field.

The frame_rate_code may allocate 4 bits in one embodiment, and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video stream. For example, the frame_rate_code field may indicate a value of the frame_rate_code field defined in ISO / IEC 13818-2.

The frame rate of the scalable video stream can be calculated as follows. That is, frame_rate = frame_rate_value x (frame_rate_num + 1) / (frame_rate_denom + 1). Here, frame_rate_value is an actual frame_rate value extracted from frame_rate_code. 80 shows an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the frame_rate_code field and its definition according to the present invention. For example, if the frame_rate_code field value is 1000 in FIG. 80, this means that the frame rate is 60 Hz.

The frame_rate_num field may allocate 2 bits in one embodiment, and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video stream. However, when the frame rate is extracted directly from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_num field is set to '0'.

The frame_rate_denom field may allocate 5 bits in one embodiment, and is used to calculate a frame rate of the scalable video. However, when the frame rate is extracted directly from the frame_rate_code field, the frame_rate_denom field is set to '0'.

On the other hand, if the scalability_type field value indicates Spatial (eg, 0x1) or the lowest layer (eg, 0xF), the scalability_type field value may further include at least one of a profile_idc field, a constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag field, and a level_idc field.

The profile_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and represents a profile of a scalable video stream transmitted. For example, the profile_idc field may apply the profile_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10 as it is. 81 shows an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the profile_idc field and its definition according to the present invention. For example, if the profile_idc field value is 66, it means a baseline profile.

In one embodiment, the constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag fields may be allocated 1 bit, and indicate whether the constraint of the corresponding corresponding profile is satisfied.

The level_idc field may allocate 8 bits in one embodiment, and indicates a level of a scalable video stream transmitted. For example, the level_idc field may apply the level_idc field defined in ISO / IEC 14496-10 as it is. FIG. 82 shows an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the level_idc field and its definition according to the present invention. For example, if the level_idc field value is 11, it means 1.1 level.

The order, position, and meaning of the fields allocated to the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () shown in FIG. 85 are merely an example for helping understanding of the present invention, and the order, position, meaning, and additional assignment of the fields allocated to the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () are provided. Since the number of fields can be easily changed by those skilled in the art, the present invention will not be limited to the above embodiment.

86 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using PMT of PSI / PSIP information in the demultiplexer 8001 of FIG. 75.

That is, if a virtual channel is selected (S8301), a PMT including information on the selected virtual channel is received (S8302). The program PM is extracted by parsing the received PMT (S8303). Subsequently, stream_type, elementary_PID information, etc. are extracted from the PMT (S8304).

In operation S8305, it is checked whether the stream_type field value is 0xD2. As an example, if the stream_type field value is 0xD2, the stream means scalable video data for mobile service. In this case, MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () is included in the second loop of the PMT and transmitted.

Therefore, if it is determined in step S8305 that the stream_type field value is 0xD2, the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () is parsed (S8306), and scalability_type, layer_id, base_layer_id field, frame rate information (eg, frame_rate_code, frame_rate_num, frame_rate_num) from the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor (). Information (eg, profile_idc, constraint_set0_flag to constraint_set3_flag, level_idc) and the like are extracted (S8307).

In operation S8308, it is checked whether the layer_id field value is 0x0. As an example, when the layer_id field value is 0x0, the corresponding video stream means a video stream of the lowest layer.

Therefore, when it is determined in step S8308 that the layer_id field value is 0x0, scalable video data of the lowest layer is output to the video decoder 8002 (S8309). In operation S8310, it is checked whether the video decoder 8002 supports a higher layer. If it is determined in S8310 that the upper layer is supported, the process returns to S8305. If it is determined that the upper layer is not supported, the process proceeds to S8315. In S8315, the video decoder 8002 performs video decoding only on the video stream of the lowest layer to provide a mobile service (MPH service) to the user.

On the other hand, if it is determined in S8308 that the layer_id field value is not 0x0, the corresponding video stream means a video stream of a higher layer. In this case, the process proceeds to S8311. In S8311, the video decoder 8002 checks whether scalable video data of a corresponding upper layer is supported. If it is determined that the upper layer is supported, the scalable video data of the upper layer is output to the video decoder 8002 and the process returns to S8304 (S8312). For example, if it is determined in S8311 that the receiving system supports the first higher layer, scalable video data of the first higher layer is output to the video decoder 8002 in S8312.

If it is determined in S8311 that the upper layer is not supported, the scalable video data of the upper layer is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 (Discard packets with this PID). In this case, scalable video data of a higher layer higher than the corresponding upper layer is also discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002 (Discard upper enhanced layer packets). For example, if it is determined in S8311 that the receiving system does not support the first upper layer, in S8313 the scalable video data of the first and second higher layers is discarded without being output to the video decoder 8002.

On the other hand, if the stream_type field value is not 0xD2 in S8305, that is, the corresponding stream is not scalable video data for mobile service, the process proceeds to S8314. In S8314, the input stream is output to the corresponding decoder. At this time, if another stream remains, the flow returns to S8304, and if not, the flow goes to S8315.

For example, if the video decoder 8002 can support the first upper layer, the S8315 performs video decoding on scalable video data of the lowest layer and the first upper layer to provide a mobile service to the user.

87 is a block diagram illustrating a receiving system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

The receiving system of FIG. 87 includes an application manager 8500, a tuner 8501, a demodulator 8502, a demultiplexer 8503, a program table buffer 8504, a program table decoder 8405, a program table storage 8006. A / V decoder 8507, data handler 8908, middleware engine 8509, A / V post processor 8510, and user interface 8511. The application manager 8500 may include a channel manager and a service manager.

In FIG. 87, the flow of data is indicated by a solid line, and the flow of control is indicated by a dotted line. In addition, the demultiplexer 8503 of FIG. 87 performs the same structure and the same operation as the demultiplexer 8001 described with reference to FIGS. 73 to 86. The video decoder 8002 is also included in the A / V decoder 8507.

The tuner 8501 tunes the frequency of a specific channel through any one of an antenna, a cable, and a satellite to down-convert to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and outputs the demodulation unit 8802. At this time, the tuner 8501 is controlled by the channel manager in the application manager 8500, and also reports the result and strength of the broadcast signal of the channel being tuned to the channel manager. The data received at the frequency of the specific channel includes main service data, mobile service data, table data for decoding the main service data and mobile service data, and the like.

The demodulator 8502 performs VSB demodulation, channel equalization, and the like, on the signal output from the tuner 8501, and outputs the main service data and the mobile service data. 36 is an example of the demodulator 8502. However, this is only one embodiment and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, only the mobile service data output from the demodulator 8502 is input to the demultiplexer 8503 in one embodiment.

The demultiplexer 8503 separates program table information, for example, PSI / PSIP information, in the form of sections from the mobile service data input by the control of the application manager 8500, and outputs the PSI / PSIP information to the program table buffer 8504 and streams. A / V / D streams in packet form are separated and output to the A / V decoder 8507 and / or data handler 8908, respectively. The program table buffer 8504 temporarily stores program table information in a section form and outputs the program table information to the program table decoder 8405.

In this case, the mobile service data input to the demultiplexer 8503 is in the form of RS frame data. That is, when the block decoding, the RS frame decoding, and the data de-randomizing process are performed in the demodulator 8802, the RS frame data has, for example, a size of N (row) * 187 (column) bytes.

The RS frame may include scalable video data to which different PIDs are allocated for each layer.

Although the demultiplexer 8503 can receive both a video stream packet, an audio stream packet, and a data stream packet, in the present invention, receiving and processing a video stream packet is described as an embodiment. The audio stream packet and the data stream packet may be referred to the processing procedure of the video stream packet, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted.

That is, the demultiplexer 8503 may include a PID of a video stream packet in an RS frame and a program table information provided by the application manager 8500, for example, a PSI / PSIP information. Distinguish whether the packet is The demultiplexer 8503 outputs the divided lowermost video stream packets to the A / V decoder 8507. However, the video stream packet of the upper layer is discarded without being output to the A / V decoder 8507 or is output to the A / V decoder 8507.

There may be various criteria for determining whether the upper stream video stream packet is outputted to the A / V decoder 8507 or discarded without being output to the A / V decoder 8507. According to the embodiment of the present invention, determination is made according to the video decoding capability of the A / V decoder 8507.

That is, if the A / V decoder 8507 can process the video stream packet of the upper layer, the video stream packet of the higher layer classified by the demultiplexer 8503 is output to the A / V decoder 8507. For example, if the A / V decoder 8507 can process video stream packets of a first upper layer, the lowest layer divided by the demultiplexer 8503 and the video stream packets of the first upper layer are A. Although output to the / V decoder 8507, video stream packets of the second higher layer are discarded without being output to the A / V decoder 8507.

The A / V decoder 8507 decodes the video stream packet input from the demultiplexer 8503 according to the video decoding algorithm and outputs the decoded video stream packet to the A / V postprocessor 8510. For example, the video decoding algorithm may apply at least one of an MPEG 2 video decoding algorithm, an MPEG 4 video decoding algorithm, an H.264 decoding algorithm, an SVC decoding algorithm, and a VC-1 decoding algorithm.

At this time, the transmission system includes MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the VCT of the PSI / PSIP information to distinguish whether the stream inputted from the demultiplexer 8503 is scalable video data, which layer of scalable video data, or within the PMT. Transmit with MPH_scalable_video_descriptor.

The PSI / PSIP information is decoded by the program table decoder 8405 and is databased in the program table storage 8506 or output to the application manager 8500. That is, the program table decoder 8405 divides the tables using the table id and the section length in the PSI / PSIP data, parses the sections of the divided tables, and stores the parsing results in the program table storage 8506. do. For example, the program table decoder 8405 collects sections having the same table identifier (table_id), constructs a table, parses the result, and databases the parsing result in the program table storage 8506.

At this time, the information obtained by parsing the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the VCT and / or the information obtained by parsing the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor in the PMT is output to the application manager 8500, and the application manager 8500 controls the demultiplexer 8503 according to the information. do.

For example, the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor in the VCT is parsed to determine whether the corresponding video stream packet input to the demultiplexer 8503 is a scalable video for mobile service. If it is confirmed as scalable video for mobile service, it is determined whether the corresponding video stream packet is scalable video data of a lower layer, and if it is correct, the corresponding video stream packet is transmitted to the A / V decoder 8507. If the corresponding video stream packet is identified as MPH scalable video for mobile service, but is scalable video data of a higher layer, the A / V decoder 8507 depends on whether the A / V decoder 8507 can decode the video. Output to or discard without output.

The process of processing scalable video data of each layer by using the information included in the MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor () in the VCT, the information included in the MPH_scalable_video_descriptor () in the PMT, and the information will be described with reference to FIGS. 74 to 86. The description will be omitted.

Meanwhile, the data handler 8908 processes data stream packets necessary for data broadcasting among the data stream packets separated by the demultiplexer 8503, and then mixes the A / V data with the middleware engine 8509. In an embodiment, the middleware engine 8509 is a Java middleware engine.

The application manager 8500 receives a key input from a TV viewer and responds to viewer requests using a graphical user interface (GUI) on the TV screen. It also saves and restores the GUI control, user requirements and TV system state of the entire TV in memory (eg NVRAM or Flash). The channel manager is controlled to perform channel related operations (channel MAP management and program table decoder operation).

The channel manager manages a physical channel and a logical channel map, and controls a tuner 8501, a demodulator 8502, a demultiplexer 8503, and a program table decoder 8405 to respond to the viewer's channel request. In addition, the program table decoder 8405 receives a parsing request and a result of a channel related table of a channel to be tuned.

The present invention described so far is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified by those skilled in the art as can be seen from the appended claims, and such modifications are the scope of the present invention. Belongs to.

1 illustrates an example of an MPH frame structure for transmission and reception of mobile service data according to the present invention.

2 illustrates an example of a general VSB frame structure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the present invention showing an example of mapping of the first four slot positions of a subframe in a spatial domain, for one VSB frame; FIG.

4 is a diagram of the present invention showing an example of mapping of the first four slot positions of a subframe in a time domain, for one VSB frame;

5 illustrates an embodiment of a structure of a data group after data interleaving according to the present invention.

6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5;

7 illustrates an embodiment of a structure of a data group before data interleaving according to the present invention.

8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 7;

9 illustrates an example of a data group order allocated to one subframe among five subframes constituting an MPH frame according to the present invention.

10 illustrates an example of allocating a single parade to one MPH frame according to the present invention.

11 illustrates an example of allocating three parades to one MPH frame according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the allocation process of three parades of FIG. 11 is extended to five subframes.

13 is a schematic structural block diagram of a transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

14 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the service multiplexer of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the transmitter of FIG. 13. FIG.

16 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the preprocessor of FIG. 15.

17 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the MPH frame encoder of FIG.

18 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the RS frame encoder of FIG. 17.

19 (a) and (b) are diagrams illustrating a process in which one or two RS frames are divided into a plurality of portions according to RS frame mode values according to the present invention, and each portion is allocated to each data group.

20A to 20C illustrate an error correction encoding and error detection encoding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

21A to 21D illustrate a row mixing process in units of a super frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(A) and (b) of FIG. 22 show an example in which one parade is composed of two RS frames.

23 (a) and 23 (b) illustrate an embodiment of a process of dividing an RS frame to form a data group according to the present invention.

Block diagram showing an embodiment of a block processor according to the present invention of FIG.

25 illustrates an embodiment of a convolutional encoder in a block processor according to the present invention.

26 illustrates an example of symbol interleaving of a block processor according to the present invention.

27 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the group formatter of FIG. 16.

28 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a trellis encoder according to the present invention

29 illustrates an example of allocating a signaling information region to a portion of a data group according to the present invention.

30 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the signaling encoder of FIG. 16.

31 illustrates an embodiment of a syntax structure of TPC data according to the present invention.

32 shows an example of a transmission scenario of TPC data and FIC data according to the present invention.

33 is a view showing an example for controlling a power source in a parade unit according to the present invention.

34 illustrates an example of arrangement of training sequences in a data group before trellis coding according to the present invention.

35 is a view showing an example of arrangement of training sequences in a data group after trellis coding according to the present invention.

36 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a demodulator in a reception system according to the present invention.

37 is a data structure diagram showing an example in which known data is periodically inserted into general data according to the present invention.

38 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a demodulator according to the present invention;

39 is a detailed block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the demodulator of FIG. 38.

40 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a frequency offset estimator in accordance with the present invention.

41 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a known data detection and initial frequency offset estimator in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 42 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the partial correlator of FIG. 41. FIG.

43 is a view showing an embodiment of a timing recovery unit according to the present invention;

44A and 44B illustrate an embodiment of detecting a timing error by obtaining a correlation value between known data and a received signal.

45A and 45B illustrate another embodiment of detecting a timing error by obtaining a correlation value between known data and a received signal.

46 illustrates a correlation value when there is a timing error.

Figure 47 is a detailed block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a timing error detector for detecting timing errors in the time domain.

48 is a detailed block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a timing error detector for detecting timing frequency errors.

FIG. 49 is a detailed block diagram illustrating another embodiment of a timing error detector for detecting timing frequency errors. FIG.

50 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a DC remover according to the present invention;

FIG. 51 is a diagram illustrating an example of moving input sample data of the DC estimator of FIG. 50; FIG.

52 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the DC eliminator according to the present invention;

53 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention.

FIG. 54 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a residual carrier phase error estimator of FIG. 53;

55 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the phase error detector of FIG. 54.

56 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the phase compensator of FIG. 54.

57 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention.

58 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention;

59 is a block diagram illustrating another embodiment of a channel equalizer according to the present invention.

60 is a detailed block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a CIR estimator in accordance with the present invention.

61 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of a block decoder according to the present invention.

62 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the feedback formatter of FIG. 61.

63 (a) and 63 (b) illustrate an example of a process of forming a plurality of portions and configuring one or two RS frames.

64 and 65 illustrate an embodiment of an error correction decoding process according to the present invention.

66 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

67 illustrates an embodiment of a syntax structure for a virtual channel table according to the present invention

68 is a view showing an embodiment of a service_type field according to the present invention.

69 illustrates an embodiment of a syntax structure for a service location descriptor according to the present invention.

70 shows examples of values that can be assigned to a stream_type field and definitions thereof according to the present invention.

71 illustrates an embodiment of a syntax structure for an event information table according to the present invention.

72 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a receiving system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

73 is a conceptual diagram for temporal scalability related to continuous operation of a video stream.

74 is a view showing an embodiment of a method of transmitting respective layer data of scalable video according to the present invention

75 is a conceptual diagram of a reception system for receiving and processing scalable video data in which different PIDs are allocated and transmitted for each layer according to the present invention.

FIG. 76 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using a VCT among program table information in a demultiplexer according to the present invention; FIG.

77 is a view showing an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of MPH_scalable_service_location_descriptor according to the present invention

78 is a view showing an embodiment of values that can be assigned to a stream_type field and its definition according to the present invention.

79 illustrates an embodiment of values that can be assigned to a scalability_type field and its definition according to the present invention.

80 illustrates an embodiment of values that can be assigned to a frame_rate_code field and its definition according to the present invention.

81 shows an embodiment of values that can be assigned to the profile_idc field and its definition according to the present invention.

82 illustrates an embodiment of values that can be assigned to a level_idc field and its definition according to the present invention.

83 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method of processing scalable video data of each layer using a VCT among program table information in a demultiplexer according to the present invention.

84 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a method for processing scalable video data of each layer using PMT among program table information in a demultiplexer according to the present invention.

85 is a view showing an embodiment of a bitstream syntax structure of MPH_scalable_video_descriptor according to the present invention

87 is a block diagram illustrating a receiving system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings *

8501: Tuner 8502: Demodulator

8503: demultiplexer 8504: program table buffer

8505: program table decoder 8506: program table storage unit

8507: A / V Decoder 8508: Data Handler

8509 Middleware Engine 8510 A / V Postprocessor

8511: user interface 8500: application manager

Claims (14)

A signal receiver configured to include a base layer and at least one upper layer and to receive a broadcast signal including a scalable video stream for a mobile service having a different identifier for each layer; A demodulator for demodulating a scalable video stream of each layer among the received broadcast signals; A demultiplexer for dividing and outputting the video stream of the demodulated base layer with reference to program table information, and for dividing and outputting the video stream of at least one upper layer according to a preset condition; And And a decoder that decodes the video stream of at least one layer that is divided and output from the demultiplexer. The method of claim 1, wherein the demodulation unit And receiving known data known by a promise of a transmitting / receiving side from the broadcast signal received by the signal receiving unit and using the same for demodulation of a scalable video stream of each layer. The method of claim 1, wherein the demodulation unit A demodulator configured to receive a scalable video stream of each layer among the broadcast signals received by the signal receiver and perform carrier recovery and timing recovery; An equalizer for channel equalizing the scalable video stream of each layer output from the demodulator; A decoder that performs turbo decoding on a block-by-block basis for the scalable video stream of each layer equalized by the equalizer; And And an error correction unit that corrects an error generated in the scalable video stream of each layer decoded by the decoder. The method of claim 1, wherein the demultiplexer It is determined whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for mobile service by referring to the information included in the virtual channel table (VCT) among the program table information, and the video stream of the base layer by referring to the identifier of each identified video stream. And output the video decoding for video decoding. The method of claim 4, wherein the demultiplexer And a video stream of at least one upper layer is classified according to whether video decoding is possible and then output for video decoding. The method of claim 4, wherein the VCT is Receiving system, characterized in that it comprises at least information that can identify whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for mobile services, the layer information of the video stream. The method of claim 1, wherein the demultiplexer It is determined whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for mobile service by referring to the information included in the program map table (PMT) among the program table information, and the video stream of the base layer by referring to the identifier of each identified video stream. And output the video decoding for video decoding. The method of claim 7, wherein the demultiplexer And a video stream of at least one upper layer is classified according to whether video decoding is possible and then output for video decoding. The method of claim 7, wherein the PMT is Receiving system, characterized in that it comprises at least information that can identify whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for mobile services, the layer information of the video stream. Receiving a broadcast signal comprising a base layer and at least one upper layer and including a scalable video stream for a mobile service having a different identifier for each layer; Demodulating a scalable video stream of each layer among the received broadcast signals; Classifying and outputting video streams of the demodulated base layer with reference to program table information, and classifying and outputting video streams of at least one upper layer according to preset conditions; And And video decoding the video streams of the at least one layer outputted separately. The method of claim 10, wherein the demodulation step And detecting known data from the received broadcast signal by a promise of a transmitting / receiving side and demodulating the scalable video stream of each layer. The method of claim 10, wherein the demodulation step Receiving a scalable video stream of each layer among the received broadcast signals and performing carrier recovery and timing recovery; Channel equalizing the timing and carrier recovered scalable video streams of each layer; Performing turbo decoding on a block-by-block basis for the scalable video stream of each equalized layer; And Correcting an error occurring in the scalable video stream of each of the decoded layers. The method of claim 10, wherein the demultiplexing step It is determined whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for mobile service by referring to the information included in the virtual channel table (VCT) among the program table information, and the video stream of each layer by referring to the identifier of each identified video stream. And classifying and outputting the video for video decoding. The method of claim 10, wherein the demultiplexing step It is determined whether the input video stream is a scalable video stream for mobile service by referring to the information included in the program map table (PMT) among the program table information, and the video stream of each layer by referring to the identifier of each identified video stream. And classifying and outputting the video for video decoding.

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