KR20070106577A - Outsole with tangential deformation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an outsole (1), especially for sports shoes (2), that can be formed with a large amount of elastic deformability even in the tangential direction towards the front and the back, enabling a good cushioning effect even when the tread of the foot is inclined and somewhat slipping. Beyond at least one critical deformation in the deformed region, the sole remains however essentially rigid in relation to tangential deformation. In this way, the runner has a secure footing on the respective tread point. The runner can then push off from the tread point without losing ground. A swimming effect on the sole is thus prevented. According to the invention, the elastic deformability of the sole also in the tangential direction is caused by at least one first element (3a), and the cited rigidity of the sole in relation to tangential deformation beyond said at least one critical deformation, in addition to the degree of the at least one critical deformation in the deformed region is due to at least one second element (3b). So that said first and second elements (3a, 3b) can be independently designed, dimensioned and produced, there are extensive structuring, formation and variation possibilities. Certain areas in the heel and/or the ball region of the sole can be varied by the at least one first element (3a), and certain areas by the at least one second element (3b), in the longitudinal direction.

Description

Tangentially deformable sole {OUTSOLE WITH TANGENTIAL DEFORMATION}

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to soles, in particular as soles for sneakers, which can be elastically deformed back and forth in the tangential direction, and to a sole having rigidity against tangential deformation beyond the critical deformation in the deformed area.

Tangential deformation means, for example, deformation caused by shear forces in a direction parallel to or in contact with a two-dimensional area of the sole or bottom surface. It should be distinguished from the deformation in the vertical direction with respect to the two-dimensional area of the sole or the bottom surface caused by, for example, compressive forces. The tangential direction coincides with the horizontal direction, and the vertical direction coincides with the vertical direction on the horizontal substrate.

Elastically succumbed soles are well known for a variety of different structures, and elastic materials having different strengths are used. Soles filled with air or gel padding are also known. They try to cushion the running stress with a cushion, which protects the running system, especially the joints, of the running person and makes them feel comfortable running.

Most sports sneakers currently available have elasticity, which allows cushioning in the vertical direction or in the direction perpendicular to the sole where the sole is compressed, but relatively well in the horizontal and tangential directions. Don't bend enough when you slant your feet at an angle without bending. The reason is that the larger deformation of the sole in the horizontal direction causes some kind of smoothing effect, which has a negative effect on the stability of the runner. The runner also loses a certain distance by each step because the sole first deforms slightly in the opposite direction to where the foot touches while being pushed away from the point of impact. To some extent, of course, the effect of slipping smoothly also occurs in conventional sneakers. To prevent this effect, the anterior region of most sneaker soles, where the pushing action usually occurs, is configured to be relatively hard and not to bend.

On the other hand, in spite of the apparent tangential deformation, the sole of the aforementioned type as disclosed in WO 03/102430 is rigid in that it has a rigidity so as not to bend well relative to the tangential direction, at least beyond the critical deformation within the deformed area. It prevents the sliding effect smoothly. For the runner, after reaching the critical deformation, there is a safe and strong posture at each step or point where stress is applied, and the runner can push back out without losing distance.

In International Patent Publication WO 03/102430, different examples are described, whereby in connection with the stiffness of at least one critical deformation, it is possible to understand the principle of solving the tangential deformation of the sole. For example, a tubular hollow element of rubber material is described, which can be compressed completely back and forth below the vertical line, but especially under the tangential deformation, and then tangentially due to the friction between the upper and lower half shells. Further deformation can be prevented.

European patent EP 1264556 discloses a sole for sports sneakers, which has a softer layer on the outside and a harder layer on the inside. The protrusions in the inner harder layer penetrate the softer outer layer and protrude beyond the outer layer in the form of a support. The tangential deformation of the sole is not provided and is also prevented by the support.

The sole disclosed in French patent FR 2709929 has a similar structure and the inner layer is provided with a sharp metal peak.

British patent UK 2285569 discloses a training shoe with a sole having a flexible first element and a rigid second element. The first element is inclined towards the rear in the heel direction and collapses under the load applied in this direction between the rigid second elements that bear the load. Due to its arrangement with respect to the second element there can be no corresponding deformation of the first element towards the front.

Japanese Patent JP 5309001 discloses a shoe having a sole, which is provided with a protrusion in an inner region, which can be tangentially deformed in all directions and is also provided with a cavity. The inner region is surrounded by an edge region with a rigid lower lip and the load is absorbed by the hollow protrusions deforming forward.

German Utility Model G 8126601 discloses a shoe with a sole, in which a brush-shaped part with a rigid bristle facing backwards is inserted. Such bristles are intended to be able to start forward quickly, and may be slid forward by facing backward. Corresponding deformation of the bristles forward is not provided and is also almost impossible.

US Pat. No. 3,299,544 discloses a shoe with a sole, the front heel area of which is provided with a transverse lip, which is directed backward. In comparison with the lip, the rear edge region forms a slightly lower dish. In the normal running state, the lip is brought into contact with the ground before the dish portion contacts, and at the same time it is bent back until the dish portion comes into contact with the ground, preventing the lip from further deforming.

German patent DE 29818243 discloses a shoe with a sole and has an element, which bends back when the foot touches and folds in the heel direction to contact the remaining sole.

Within the scope of practical application of the principles found from WO 03/102430, as well as within the scope of the tubular hollow elements described in the above publication, all practical requirements, at least not in the form specifically described, will be properly recognized. It proved to be impossible. In the field of sneakers, these shoes are specially configured to suit the needs of each exercise, provided for almost all types of exercise, and in particular the configuration of the sole in each case is not critical for each fitness but It is no coincidence to play the role of John.

It is an object of the present invention to show how the soles of the type known in WO 03/102430 become better and more economically suitable for practical requirements, including the requirements of different types of sports.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features provided in the claims.

According to the invention, the two functions required for the desired effect, ie tangential strain on the one hand and stiffness for tangential strain on the other hand at least beyond the critical strain, are assigned to different elements. Since at least one first element and at least one second element can be considered independently of one another and their dimensions can be determined and produced, much more structure, construction and deformation possibilities actually arise and thus This allows for a better adaptation as required by practical requirements than previously done with elements such as tubular hollow elements, which allows both functions to be met simultaneously.

Correspondingly, the division into a plurality of tangentially deformable first elements and a plurality of rigid second elements is basically provided for the aforementioned Japanese Patent JP 5309001. However, the first element and the second element are arranged separately from each other. The first element is in the first inner region and the first element is in the boundary region surrounding the inner region. As a result, the so-called inner foot runners or outer foot runners, which will be discussed in more detail below, may be loosened to a wholly rigid element, and the rigid element may be disposed in the boundary area, or When the unwinding action takes place in the center, practically only the first element is stressed and slips smoothly, which is what the present invention intends to avoid.

Thus, the invention is determined by the at least one first element on the one hand and on the other hand by the at least one second element in the heel area of the sole and / or the ball (wide front part of the foot) area of the foot. Alternately in the longitudinal direction of the area (from the heel to the ball of the foot). By this means, when a loosening action takes place in the heel and / or the cheek part of the foot, both functions are always used in a time-space relationship that is tight enough to each other. The properties of the soles of the invention correspond to the features of WO 03/102430.

Multiple first elements may be provided. The region determined by the one or more first elements may be formed by one first element or by a plurality of first elements. Correspondingly, a plurality of second elements may be provided, and the region determined by the at least one second element may in each case be formed by one second element and also a plurality of second elements.

Like the soles disclosed in WO 03/102430, the soles of the present invention may also be sized such that at least one critical strain that is locally limited during running is reached only in the region of maximum stress and only temporarily for maximum stress. have. The one or more critical deformations for which the tangential deformation of the improved sole is fixed depends on the type of deformation. The deformation also need not be tangential. Critical strain can also be reached when strain is severely vertical.

According to a preferred refinement of the invention, the critical strain can only be reached after a tangential and / or vertical strain, the extent of which is at least 20% of the sole's deformable thickness, and optionally 50% or more of the thickness. Preferably, the tangential deformation should correspond to the vertical deformation. Absolutely, this can amount to almost 1 cm.

For springs and damping thus determined, the soles of the present invention effectively relieve the forces and stresses that occur when running. In particular, the sole of the present invention optimally damps while contacting the ground with a dominantly acting parallel force yields smoothly in the running direction, for example by shear forces. In sneakers provided with soles of the prior art, peaks of high stress occur here even if such shoes are provided with distinct vertical damping since there is substantially no tangential deformation. During loosening, the sole of the present invention absorbs well the vertical force predominantly by the vertical deformation caused by the damping action. Also, in this state, the reaction occurs by different tangential deformations in different directions of movement between the foot and the ground, which usually indicates that the foot slips in the shoe and often the socks are punctured or even blistered by friction. Got caught. The shoe does not withstand these movements the foot performs with respect to the ground during the unwinding action. These shoes usually allow you to run without fatigue. On the other hand, while fully loaded in the pushing out state, the sole of the present invention loses its damping properties substantially completely. In this state, damping is also no longer necessary and only interferes with effective pushing. In the pushed out state, the sole of the present invention behaves as "hard".

The wear pattern of the soles used for a long time shows a big difference with respect to the prevailing stresses. This is because of a special running style, which is different for each runner. This difference also occurs because the distances run are different. For example, short runners mainly run into the ball of the foot, so that substantially only the ball of the foot is stressed. Long distance runners, on the other hand, almost step on the ground with their heels and are released for the entire foot. There is a difference between the so-called inner and outer runners. The lateral foot runner touches the foot on the outside of the heel, releases it against the outer area of the middle part of the foot, and pushes it out of the front of the outer foot or from the area of the small toe. This situation is reversed for the medial orderer. There is also a mixed form, for example, where the foot touches the ground from the outside, is loosened across the middle of the foot and pushed out of the area of the large toe, and vice versa. The shoes of the present invention can be deformed vertically and can also be deformed back and forth tangentially as well as adaptable to different stresses and can participate in the natural movement of the foot.

1 is a side view of a sneaker with a sole of the first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A shows a state in which there is no stress, FIG. 1B shows a state that is stressed forward in an inclined state, and FIG. 1C pushes back It is a figure which shows the state.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the first and second elements of the sole of FIG. 1 in more detail, in which FIG. 2A is not stressed and FIG. 2B is stressed forward in an inclined state, FIG. 2C Is a figure which shows the state which is vertically stressed.

3 shows a similar embodiment showing a first element and a second element partially embedded and fixed in the mid-window.

4 shows a similar embodiment in which only the first element is embedded in the midsole, and the second element is integrally formed with the midsole.

FIG. 5 shows a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 4, in which FIG. 5A shows an unstressed state, FIG. 5B shows a stressed state, and the first element is very deeply embedded in the intermediate window 4. As an additional part, the second element is a diagram showing that it is not necessary.

FIG. 6 is a diagram further illustrating a modification to the embodiment of FIG. 5 as FIGS. 6A and 6B.

7 is a view showing a continuous layer in which the first element and the second element are formed, FIG. 7A shows a state in which there is no stress, FIG. 7B shows a state in which the state is stressed forward in an inclined state, and FIG. 7C It is a figure which shows the state which is vertically stressed concretely.

8 is a view showing the surface of the sneaker sole improved as shown in FIGS. 8A-8D.

9A to 9E further illustrate the layer of FIG. 7 without being stressed.

[Description of Main Reference Signs]

1 outsole

2 sneakers

3a first element, hollow element

3b second element, platform element

4 mid pane

4.1 Surface of Mid-window

4.2 Concave in the middle window

5 floor

6 layers

First element of layer 6a (6)

2nd element of layer 6b

Arrows indicating stress when stepping out of P1 foot

Arrows indicating stress when P2 is pushed out

height of the entire h1 layer (6)

h2 height of the second element 6b

First, an embodiment is described in FIG. 1, which is not necessarily a preferred embodiment, but the matters improved by this embodiment are well represented.

1 shows a sneaker 2 fitted with an improved sole 1. The sole 1 is formed of a profiled hollow element 3a, a plurality of first elements similar to those already disclosed in WO 03/102430, and a platform-like element 3b, a plurality of second elements. The height of the hollow element 3a is, for example, about 15 mm, and the height of the platform-like element 3b is, for example, about 10 mm. The second element 3b as well as the hollow element 3a may be formed throughout the width of the sneaker 2. In addition, these elements may be arranged in rows with each other positioned next to each other. The platformed element 3b may also enclose an individual or a plurality of hollow elements 3a at least partly annular. The elements 3a, 3b are attached to the lower portion of the midsole 4 of the sneaker 1, for example by gluing.

The hollow element 3a is made of a material which can be elastically deformed under stresses occurring during running. The midsole 4 as well as the second element 3b may also have a specific elastic body; However in comparison with the hollow element 3a it is essentially hard, in particular against tangential deformation. In addition, the height of the hollow element 3a is higher than that of the platform-like element 3b, which projects downward.

To the extent recognizable by the definition provided above, the hollow element 3a forms in each case a "specific region by at least one first element". If a plurality of hollow elements 3a are arranged next to each other, these hollow elements may be classified with this area. This situation is similar for the platformed second element 3b, which in each case forms a "specific area by at least one second element". As a result, in the longitudinal direction of the sole, different areas are alternately repeated in the heel area as well as the cheek part of the sole. If the platform-like second element 3b surrounds each or a plurality of hollow elements 3a at least partly annular, additionally different regions mixed therein with respect to each other are arranged on the sole face.

If the sneaker sole 2 is produced as shown, for example in FIG. 1B, when the stressed step is taken in an inclined forward direction as shown by the stress arrow P1, initially only the protruding hollow element is taken. Only 3a comes into contact with the ground 5 and deforms vertically and horizontally while elastically relieving stress. This deformation is limited by the adjacent platformed second element 3b as soon as the hollow element 3a is aligned with the second element at the same height. From this point on, the platform-like second element is subjected to most of the stress, which is harder as already mentioned, so that the sneaker does not move tangentially with respect to the ground 5. In this state, a person wearing sneakers can stand stably on the floor. Also, as shown in FIG. 1C, one can push himself out of the position of FIG. 1C once again to perform the next step without allowing loss of distance. This is because the platform-like second element cannot deform substantially horizontally so as to be able to refer to the new stress direction indicated by arrow P2 during extrusion.

As a specific view, FIG. 2 shows one of the hollow elements 3a and the platform-like elements 3b of FIG. 1, in addition to the state of no stress in FIG. 2a and the tangential stress in FIG. 2b. The state is shown. In Fig. 2c the deformation to the vertical or vertical downwards is shown, from which it can be clearly seen that the advantage of the pushing operation without loss of stability and distance described above is achieved when the stress is applied exactly vertically.

In the sole described above, the required elastic deformation is achieved by the hollow element 3a, while at the same time the platform-like element 3b is limited on the one hand while determining the degree of deformation of the hollow element 3a and on the other hand the critical strain. This ensures the required strength of the sole against tangential deformation beyond. Since these two functionalities are distributed between different elements, there is a greater degree of placement freedom for these elements. For example, different materials may be used for the first element and the second element. The hollow element 3a also no longer needs to have a fixed frictional connection under load, as in the case of WO 03/102430, and is generally much less stressed. Above all, the hollow elements do not have to bear all dynamic loads, and the stress under which the strain value is not the threshold value is reduced by the second element 3b. Preferably, if the surface of the second element 3b which comes into contact with the ground has a good grip against the ground, this can optionally be reached by the special nature of that surface.

The hollow element 3a can be characterized as a "damping element" and the platform-like element 3b can be characterized as a supporting element.

The embodiment described above is identified by a very large deformation, which according to this variant is a hollow element with respect to the platform-like element 3b, for example between the unstressed state as in FIG. 1A and the state in FIG. 1B, for example. The vertical protrusions of 3a can be at least 20% or even at least 50%. Thus the runner can float "as if on a cloud" and does not feel wobbly.

For the embodiment described above, the first element 3a and / or the second element 3b are subject to a significantly higher alternating weight, for example due to tangential forces, ie shear forces. When firmly attached by adhesion, the elements can eventually be separated from the midsole 4. As shown in FIG. 3 for one hollow element 3a and two platform-like elements 3b, it is optional, for example by partially injecting it, and also optional 3a and / or element in the midsole 4. It can be improved by fixing (3b).

4 shows an embodiment in which only one hollow element 3a is embedded in the midsole 4. On the other hand, the two elements 3b are composed in one piece with the middle window 4 and are integrally formed directly on the middle window. In addition, the hollow element 3a is fixed to the midsole more firmly by a dovetail connection.

A variation of the embodiment of FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. 5, in which FIG. 5A shows a state without stress and FIG. 5B shows a state under stress. The hollow element 3a is here embedded very deeply in the midsole 4, so that the platform-like protruding second element is no longer necessary and thus formed, like the element 3b described above. In this structure, the "normal" surface 4.1 of the midsole 4 performs the function of the second element 3b described above. Thus, the hollow element 3a can be deformed “concave”, ie inclined in the recess 4.2, in which the hollow element is arranged, in which the hollow element can be arranged in line with the surface 4.1 of the midsole. Until then, the recesses 4.2 should be made wide enough, as shown in FIG. 5.

6a and 6b further show a variant of the type shown in FIG. 5, for which the first element 3a is also relatively deeply embedded in the midsole and the "normal" surface of the midsole 4. 4.1) performs the function of the second element 3b described above. Each variant of FIG. 6 differs only in the configuration of the first element 3a. On the left side of FIG. 6, the state under no stress in each case is shown, and the state under stress in the critical strain state is shown on the right.

For the configuration of FIG. 6a, the first element 3a, which can be deformed, for example in an inclined state or tangentially, is configured in the form of a pin. The recesses 4.2 can here be formed round, for example. As two are shown in detail in the lower part of FIG. 6A, the edge of the recess is spaced at the same distance from the pin 3a with respect to the entire circumference, and the pin is disposed at the center of the recess.

For the configuration of FIG. 6b, the deformable element 3a is configured in the form of a small tube, which is arranged with an axis perpendicular to the middle window 4. In other respects, the configuration and representation are the same as in FIG. 6A.

In figure 7a a layer 6 of elastically deformable material is shown, wherein the first element 6a and the second element 6b are alternately alternating without being stressed. Formed. This layer 6 can be made in one piece and in a large article. The same sequence of the first element 6a and the second element 6b can be provided in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, resulting in a structure in which each first element is surrounded by four second elements and The opposite is also true. The first and second elements are also mixed again with respect to each other as already discussed. As schematically shown in FIG. 8A, pieces of this layer cut to a suitable size can be fixed, for example, to the bottom of the shoe or the bottom of the midsole 4 of the shoe 2 of FIG. 1 by adhesion.

The first element 6a is in the form of a truncated cone, hollow hollow, slightly higher than an element 6b in the form of a filled and truncated cone. Like the first element 3a described above, the first element 6a can be relatively soft and tangentially deformed back and forth and vertically. Because of the symmetrical shape in the direction of rotation, the first element 6a can be deformed tangentially equally in all directions, which can be an additional advantage for the required uncoiling operation.

In contrast, the second element 6b is essentially rigid and functionally corresponds to the second element 3b described above. Elements 6a and 6b may be smaller than elements 3a and 3b. For example, the height h1 of the entire layer 6, that is, the height of the first element 6a may be 8 to 12 mm, preferably 10 mm, and the height of the second element 6b ( h2) may be 4 to 8 mm, preferably 6 mm. The thickness of the layer 6 in the transient area between the first and second elements is for example 2 mm and the thickness of the bottom of the first element 6a is preferably greater than 2 mm. The horizontal distance between the center of the first element 6a and the second element 6b may be for example 10-20 mm and is preferably 15 mm.

In figure 7b a layer 6 is shown which is obliquely loaded at the ground 5. The first element 6a is deformed vertically, but tangentially or horizontally, under this load and also does not protrude further against the second element 6b. Further deformation of the first element 6a is prevented by the second element 6b. The distance between the first element and the second element is preferably selected to have a magnitude such that the first element 6a can be deformed as shown. The degree of tangential deformation before reaching the critical deformation state is greater than the deformation in the vertical direction, which is absolutely at least 5 mm for the dimensions given above.

In figure 7c a layer 6 under normal load is shown.

The elasticity of the first element 6a should be chosen such that the critical deformation occurs at a load of about 1 kg to 10 kg. This value depends on the number of elements, the arrangement of the sole surface (local density), the degree of damping required, and the weight of the person running. By the weight of the person (optionally the dynamic load), the running person should be able to at least result in a critical deformation during the pushing motion. This applies to all possible embodiments of the improved sole and also correspondingly to elements of the type of element 3a. For small shoe sizes (light weight runners) and larger shoe sizes (heavy weight runners), the first elements 3a, 6a must be chosen differently or differently. For the first element of the element 3a type, the number of elements distributed to the heel and the ball part of the foot is usually sufficient. Because of the smaller size, the first element of the element 6a type usually requires 20 or more.

There is further structurally acceptable margin with respect to the shape of the first element 6a and the second element 6b and the arrangement of one another in the layer 6 of FIG. 7. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C, the second element 6b may be configured perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, such as an extended rib, a regularly or irregularly formed platform, or the like. Can be. The second element 6b may even form an intimate surface, where the first element 6a may be arranged in a dispersed form as shown in FIG. 8D.

In terms of geometry, as shown in FIG. 8, the first element 6a is intermixed with the second element 6b and is generally lodged between the second element 6b and also in such means. Thereby protecting against excessive loads with high wear. Depending on the action of each release, the first and second elements are stressed by this means in close proximity and in an instantaneous sequence in each case, so that the feeling of running out of the sole is always determined by the two elements. In addition, a mixture of the first and second elements is formed in the front part of the foot and the entire heel area.

In the middle region between the heel and the ball part of the foot, the first element and the second element are usually not necessary. Thus, in most cases, it is sufficient if the layer 6 is arranged separately in each case only in the ball and heel area of the foot. Instead, that is to say, in addition to the division transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shoe, the longitudinal division can also be made. The longitudinal and transverse segments with four layers 6 are shown in FIG. 8C. By this means, they can be adapted to different shoe sizes with standard elements, which are simply arranged appropriately, in particular closer to each other or farther from each other. Finally, different layers with different properties can be provided in different areas.

The areas described above and determined by the at least one first element or by the at least one second element are treated equally in the embodiment of FIG. 8 with the first element 6a and the second element 6b respectively. Can be. In the example of FIG. 8B, the plurality of first elements 6a which are arranged next to each other in the transverse direction can also be regarded as only one area. Conversely, in the example of FIG. 8D, the tightly integrated surface 6b may be considered to be formed of a plurality of regions, which are formed by the first element 6a or by a region formed of this element. It is alternately formed in the longitudinal direction.

Other structures that may be in layer 6 are described below by FIGS. 9A-9E.

For layer 6, as shown in FIG. 9A, the first element 6a corresponds to the element of FIG. 7. The second element 6b is provided with a rectangular cross section.

For this layer, as shown in FIG. 9B, the first element 6a is made of a stuffed material; However, these first elements have a thick head over the thinner neck and can therefore be deformed laterally and tangentially in all directions.

For the embodiment, as shown in Figs. 9C and 9D, the first element 6a is formed of dimensionally stable nodes 6aa, which nodes are in the elastically deformable thin film 6ab type. With respect to the second element 6b, and by this means it can be deflected not only vertically but also horizontally to about the same extent.

As a modified example, as shown in Fig. 9E, two elastic layers are connected to each other, at least the outer layer being continuous and relatively flat except for the recesses. The recess forms the first element 6a with a similar protrusion almost opposite the inner layer. Furthermore, according to the recesses in the form of buffers, different first elements 6a can be deformed tangentially in different directions at the same time. The second element 6b is formed of an outer layer between the recess and the platform or lip, for example as shown in FIG. 9A.

Within the scope of the foregoing specification, only some of the possible embodiments have been described by way of example. Of course, there may be other embodiments, which may result from the mixed form of the examples described in particular.

Claims (9)

As an outsole for sports shoes that can be elastically deformed back and forth in the tangential direction and that is rigid against tangential deformation beyond the critical deformation in the deformed area, The tangential elastic deformation is effected by one or more first elements, the rigidity against one or more specific strains in the deformed area and the tangential deformation of one or more critical strains or more is imparted by one or more second elements, In the heel and / or ball area of the sole, an area defined by one or more first elements and an area defined by one or more second elements are formed alternately in the longitudinal direction alternately. The method of claim 1, Viewed from the sole, the one or more first elements protrude relative to the one or more second elements until one or more critical strains are reached. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Wherein the one or more first elements are aligned with the one or more second elements within the deformed area when one or more critical deformations are exceeded. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, And the at least one second element is not stressed until at least one critical strain is reached in the deformed area. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, Outsole, characterized in that the at least one first element and / or the at least one second element is fixed to the underside of the midsole. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, Outsole, characterized in that the at least one first element and / or the at least one second element is partially embedded in the underside of the midsole. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, Outsole, characterized in that the at least one first element and / or the at least one second element is formed as part of a midsole. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, Outsole, characterized in that the critical strain is reached after a tangential and / or vertical strain of at least 20%, in particular at least 50% of the thickness that can be deformed. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, The degree of tangential deformation that can occur until the critical deformation is reached corresponds to the vertical deformation that can occur until the critical deformation is reached.

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