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KR20050082352A - Frame format of ofdm to apply smart-antenna and tdd repeater - Google Patents

Frame format of ofdm to apply smart-antenna and tdd repeater Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20050082352A
KR20050082352A KR1020040010790A KR20040010790A KR20050082352A KR 20050082352 A KR20050082352 A KR 20050082352A KR 1020040010790 A KR1020040010790 A KR 1020040010790A KR 20040010790 A KR20040010790 A KR 20040010790A KR 20050082352 A KR20050082352 A KR 20050082352A
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repeater
frame structure
ofdm
tdd
time
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KR1020040010790A
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KR100702605B1 (en
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이경국
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오소트론 주식회사
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602Signal structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/1469Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex using time-sharing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/04Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 무선통신 셀룰라(Cellular) 다중 접속 기술 중 하나인 TDD (Time Division Duplex) 방식의 상향(Uplink), 하향(Downlink) 프레임(Frame) 구조의 고안에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 TDD 방식의 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: 직교 주파수 분할 다중화) 모뎀에 적합한 Smart-Antenna 기술을 접목시키기 위한 Beamforming Training Sequence와 중계기(Repeater)에서 필요로 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 규정하는 Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence를 포함하는 프레임 구조에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to the design of an uplink and downlink frame structure of a time division duplex (TDD) scheme, which is one of wireless communication cellular multiple access technologies, and more particularly, to a TDD scheme. It includes a Beamforming Training Sequence for integrating Smart-Antenna technology suitable for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modem and a Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence that defines the transmission / reception direction switching timing required by a repeater. Frame structure.

본 발명은 주파수 분할 접속 기술인 OFDM 모뎀 방식에 Smart Antenna 기술을 적용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 OFDM 내의 부반송파(Sub-carrier)들을 그룹화한 부채널(Sub-channel) 별로 빔포밍 트레이닝 코드(Beamforming Training Sequence: BTS)를 할당하는 프레임 구조의 특징을 가진다. 그러므로, 본 발명에 따른 프레임 구조에 기반한 TDD 통신 시스템은 시간/주파수/공간 복합 다중 접속을 이룰 수 있어, 기존의 단순 반송파(Single Carrier) 모뎀 기술에 기반한 단순 시간 분할 다중화이나 직접 확산 코드 (Direct Spreading Sequence)을 사용한 다중 접속 방식보다 채널 용량을 크게 할 수 있다.The present invention provides a beamforming training sequence (BTS) for each sub-channel in which sub-carriers in OFDM are grouped so that the smart antenna technology can be applied to an OFDM modem method, which is a frequency division access technology. ) Has the characteristics of a frame structure. Therefore, the TDD communication system based on the frame structure according to the present invention can achieve time / frequency / spatial complex multiple access, and thus, simple time division multiplexing or direct spreading code based on the existing single carrier modem technology. Channel capacity can be made larger than a multiple access method using a sequence).

또한, TDD 방식에 중계기(Repeater)를 적용하기 위해서는 하향(Downlink) 신호에서 상향(Uplink Time Slot) 신호로 또는 상향 신호에서 하향 신호로의 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍에 관한 정보를 중계기에서 인식해야 한다. 이를 위해, 본 발명에서는 중계기 스위칭 시간동기 코드인 RSTS (Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence)를 프레임 구조에 포함시켜 중계기가 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 용이하게 식별할 수 있도록 한다.In addition, in order to apply a repeater to the TDD scheme, the repeater needs to recognize information about a transmission / reception direction switching timing from a downlink signal to an uplink time slot or an uplink signal to a downlink signal. To this end, in the present invention, the repeater switching time synchronization code RSTS (Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence) is included in the frame structure so that the repeater can easily identify the transmission and reception direction switching timing.

Description

Smart-Antenna와 TDD Repeater 적용을 위한 OFDM방식의 프레임 구조{Frame Format of OFDM to Apply Smart-Antenna and TDD Repeater}Frame format of OFDM to Apply Smart-Antenna and TDD Repeater for the application of SMD-ANN-TEN and TD DVD

본 발명은 무선통신 셀룰라(Cellular) 다중 접속 기술 중 하나인 TDD (Time Division Duplex) 방식의 상향(Uplink), 하향(Downlink) 프레임(Frame) 구조의 고안에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 TDD 방식의 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: 직교 주파수 분할 다중화) 모뎀에 적합한 Smart-Antenna 기술을 접목시키기 위한 Beamforming Training Sequence와 중계기(Repeater)에서 필요로 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 규정하는 Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence를 포함하는 프레임 구조에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to the design of an uplink and downlink frame structure of a time division duplex (TDD) scheme, which is one of wireless communication cellular multiple access technologies, and more particularly, to a TDD scheme. It includes a Beamforming Training Sequence for integrating Smart-Antenna technology suitable for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modem and a Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence that defines the transmission / reception direction switching timing required by a repeater. Frame structure.

TDD 무선 통신 기술은 동일 주파수 내에서 상향(Uplink)과 하향(Downlink) 무선 데이터 정보가 시간 상으로 분할되어 접속을 가능하게 하는 시간 분할 다중화에 기반한 통신 방식이다. 이와 비교되는 기술로는 서로 다른 주파수 대역을 상향 신호과 하향 신호에 각각 사용하여 주파수 대역을 분할하여 접속하는 주파수 분할 다중화에 기반한 FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)가 있다. FDD 통신 방식에서 감쇄된 신호의 증폭을 위해 사용되는 중계기는 상향과 하향에서 사용하는 주파수가 각기 다르므로, 상향과 하향 각각에 대하여 증폭하여 연속적으로 송수신을 수행할 수 있다. 반면, 시간을 분할하여 다중 접속을 이루는 TDD 통신 방식에서는 동일 주파수를 공유하는 상향 신호와 하향 신호의 전송 시간이 다르므로, 중계기에서는 정확한 송수신 전환 타이밍을 맞추어 상향과 하향의 각 방향별 신호 증폭을 수행해야 하여야 하는 어려움이 있다.TDD wireless communication technology is a communication scheme based on time division multiplexing which allows uplink and downlink radio data information to be divided in time to enable access within the same frequency. Compared to this, there is a frequency division duplex (FDD) based on frequency division multiplexing in which different frequency bands are used for uplink and downlink signals, respectively. Since the repeater used for amplifying the attenuated signal in the FDD communication scheme is different in the uplink and downlink, the repeater can amplify the upstream and the downlink and perform transmission and reception continuously. On the other hand, in the TDD communication method in which time is divided into multiple accesses, the transmission time of the uplink signal and the downlink signal sharing the same frequency is different, so the repeater performs signal amplification for each direction in the up and down directions according to the correct transmission / reception timing. There is a difficulty to do.

공간 분할 다중화 (Spatial Division Multiplexing: SDM) 방식의 핵심 기술인 Smart-Antenna 기술은 현재까지는 단일 반송파(Single Carrier) 변조 방식의 모뎀에 대해서만 적용되어 왔다. 하지만, 고속 데이터 전송 분야에서 장점을 가지는 다중 반송파(Multi Carrier) 변조 방식인 OFDM 모뎀에 Smart-Antenna 기술을 적용하고자 하는 시도는 아직까지 없었다.Smart-Antenna technology, which is the core technology of spatial division multiplexing (SDM), has been applied only to a modem of a single carrier modulation method until now. However, no attempt has been made to apply Smart-Antenna technology to an OFDM modem, which is a multi-carrier modulation method having advantages in high-speed data transmission.

본 발명은 상기의 제반 문제점을 해결하기 위해 인출한 것으로서, OFDM 모뎀에 Smart-Antenna 기술을 적용할 수 있도록 OFDM 내의 부반송파(Sub-carrier)들을 그룹화한 부채널(Sub-channel) 별로 빔포밍 트레이닝 코드(Beamforming Training Sequence: BTS)를 포함하고, 중계기가 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 용이하게 하기 위해 중계기 스위칭 시간동기 코드인 RSTS (Repeater Switching Time-Sync Sequence)를 포함하는 프레임 구조를 제공함에 있다.The present invention is drawn to solve the above problems, the beamforming training code for each sub-channel grouping the sub-carriers (sub-carriers) in OFDM to apply the Smart-Antenna technology to the OFDM modem (Beamforming Training Sequence: BTS), and to provide a frame structure including a Repeater Switching Time-Sync Sequence (RSTS) which is a repeater switching time synchronization code to facilitate the transmission and reception direction switching timing.

1. OFDMA 방식에 Smart-Antenna 기술을 적용하기 위한 프레임 구조1. Frame Structure for Applying Smart-Antenna Technology to OFDMA

도 1은 본 발명에서 고안한 TDD용 프레임 구조를 보여 준다. 도 1에서 "UTS"는 "Uplink Time Slot"의 약자로 단말기에서 기지국으로의 상향 데이터 전송 구간을 나타낸다. "DTS' "Downlink Time Slot"의 약자이고 기지국에서 단말기로의 하향 데이터 전송구간을 나타낸다. 이 때, UTS1과 DTS1은 각각 상향과 하향 신호의 쌍을 이루며 이는 UTS2-DTS2와 UTS3-DTS3에서도 마찬가지이다. 그리고, UDG와 DUG는 각각 "Uplink-to-Downlink Guard", "Downlink-to-Uplink Guard"의 약자로서 UTS 신호와 DTS 신호 사이의 시간 완충 영역을 나타낸다. RSTS는 "Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence"의 약자이며, 중계기가 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 용이하게 한다. 도 1에서 UTS 신호의 세부 프레임 구조 중 "RU" 와 "RD"는 각각 특정 사용자의 데이터 심볼의 시작과 끝을 알려주는 "Ramp Up", "Ramp Down"의 약자이며, "GI"는 "Guard Interval"의 약자로써 인접 UTS 간의 데이터 심볼과의 충돌을 방지하는 역할을 한다. 또한, BTS는 "Beamforming Training Sequence"의 약자로서 OFDM 모뎀에 Smart-Antenna 기술을 접목 가능하도록 해 주는 코드이며, 본 발명에서 고안한 핵심 사항 중 하나이다.Figure 1 shows a frame structure for TDD designed in the present invention. In FIG. 1, "UTS" stands for "Uplink Time Slot" and indicates an uplink data transmission interval from a terminal to a base station. "DTS" stands for "Downlink Time Slot" and represents the downlink data transmission interval from the base station to the terminal, where UTS1 and DTS1 are paired with uplink and downlink signals, respectively, and the same for UTS2-DTS2 and UTS3-DTS3. UDG and DUG are the abbreviations of "Uplink-to-Downlink Guard" and "Downlink-to-Uplink Guard", respectively, and indicate the time buffer region between the UTS signal and the DTS signal.RSTS stands for "Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence". ", And the repeater facilitates the transmission and reception direction switching timing. In Figure 1," RU "and" RD "of the detailed frame structure of the UTS signal, respectively," Ramp Up "indicating the start and end of the data symbol of a specific user. "," Stands for "Ramp Down," "GI" stands for "Guard Interval," and serves to prevent collisions with data symbols between adjacent UTSs. In addition, BTS stands for "Beamforming Training Sequence". Smart-Antenna technology can be applied to The code that rock, one of the key points was devised in the present invention.

도 1의 프레임 구조에서 나타나듯이, 본 발명에서 고안하는 프레임 구조는 OFDM 모뎀 기술에 Smart Antenna의 빔포밍(Beamforming) 기술을 접목시키는 방법이다. 본 발명에서 고안한 상향 프레임은 송신하고자 하는 데이터를 다수 부반송파(Sub-carrier)들로 구성된 부채널(Sub-channel) 별로 Smart Antenna 기술의 적용을 위한 BTS를 할당하는 구조를 특징으로 한다. 이러한 방식을 적용함으로써, 시간/주파수/공간 분할 다중화를 구현할 수 있게 되어 시간/주파수 분할 다중화만을 사용한 시스템보다 큰 채널 용량을 얻을 수 있다.As shown in the frame structure of FIG. 1, the frame structure devised in the present invention is a method of integrating a beamforming technique of a smart antenna with an OFDM modem technique. The uplink frame devised in the present invention is characterized by a structure for allocating BTS for application of Smart Antenna technology to each sub-channel composed of a plurality of sub-carriers. By applying this method, it is possible to implement time / frequency / spatial division multiplexing to obtain a larger channel capacity than a system using only time / frequency division multiplexing.

도 1의 UTS 프레임 구조의 세부 심볼 구성을 도 2에 나타내었다. 도 2는 한 UTS에 RU, RD, GI를 포함하는 구성 예를 나타내었다. 도 2의 0로 표시된 BTS (Beamforming Training Sequence)는 OFDM 모뎀에 Smart-Antenna 기술을 접목을 가능하게 하는 다수의 Random Sequence로 구성된다. 이 Random Sequence의 특성은 자기 상관(Auto-correlation) 계수와 상호 상관(Cross-correlation) 계수 특성이 우수한 것을 사용한다. 그리고, 도 2에서 1부터 9까지의 숫자는 OFDM 심볼을 나타낸다. OFDM의 심볼 구조는 총 M*N개의 부반송파(Sub-carrier)로 구성되며 이중 M은 부채널(Sub-channel)의 갯수이며, N은 각 부채널을 구성하는 부반송파의 수이다.The detailed symbol configuration of the UTS frame structure of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. 2 shows an example of a configuration including RU, RD, and GI in one UTS. The BTS (Beamforming Training Sequence) indicated by 0 in FIG. 2 is composed of a plurality of random sequences that enable the Smart-Antenna technology to be incorporated into an OFDM modem. The random sequence is characterized by excellent auto-correlation coefficient and cross-correlation coefficient. In addition, the numbers 1 to 9 in FIG. 2 represent OFDM symbols. The symbol structure of OFDM consists of a total of M * N subcarriers, of which M is the number of subchannels, and N is the number of subcarriers constituting each subchannel.

각 부채널 별로 삽입한 BTS는 Smart-Antenna의 Beamforming 계수를 결정하는데, 사용되며, 같은 주파수의 부반송파를 동시(같은 UTS)에 사용하는 서로 다른 두 명의 사용자가 있는 경우, 상호 혼신이 발생하게 된다. 이 때, 도 3과 같이 Smart-Antenna 기술을 통해 각각의 사용자들에게 Beamforming하게 되어 안테나 이득이 생기고, 이는 도 3에서 원추형으로 나타내었다. 반면, 해당 사용자가 아닌 사용자 신호에 대해서는 도 3의 화살표 부분에서처럼 빔패턴 (Beam-Pattern) 상 "Null"로 표시되었다. 이는 해당 사용자가 아닌 경우 그 신호에 대해서는 감쇄(Attenuation)을 주는 것을 뜻한다. 이런 원리로 Smart-Antenna를 사용하게 되면, SINR (Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio)이 크게 개선되어 전체 시스템의 채널 용량(Channel Capacity)이 증가하게 된다.The BTS inserted for each subchannel is used to determine the Beamforming coefficient of the Smart-Antenna. When there are two different users using the same carrier subcarriers at the same time (the same UTS), mutual interference occurs. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, beamforming is performed to each user through the Smart-Antenna technology, and antenna gain is generated, which is represented by a cone in FIG. 3. On the other hand, a user signal other than the corresponding user is represented as "Null" on the beam pattern (Beam-Pattern) as shown by the arrow of FIG. This means that if the user is not the attenuation of the signal (Attenuation). By using Smart-Antenna on this principle, the Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) is greatly improved, which increases the channel capacity of the entire system.

이와 같은 Beamforming 및 Nulling을 수행하기 위하여 필요한 것이 Beamforming Training Sequence (BTS)이다.What is needed to perform such beamforming and nulling is a beamforming training sequence (BTS).

2. 중계기 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 규정한 프레임 구조2. Frame structure defining timing of repeater transmission / reception direction

본 발명에서 고안한 TDD용 프레임 구조의 핵심 중 다른 또 하나는 중계기 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 규정한 중계기 스위칭 시간동기 코드인 RSTS (Repeater Switching Time-Sync Sequence)를 DTS1 앞에 삽입하여 신호를 전송함으로써, 중계기에서 RSTS를 통해 스위칭 타이밍을 획득할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 이렇게 함으로써, 중계기가 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 용이하게 한다. 이러한 과정은 도 4를 통해 볼 수 있다.Another of the core of the TDD frame structure devised in the present invention is a repeater by inserting a RSTS (Repeater Switching Time-Sync Sequence), which is a repeater switching time synchronization code, which defines a repeater transmission / reception direction switching timing and transmits a signal, To get the switching timing through RSTS. By doing so, the repeater facilitates transmission / reception direction switching timing. This process can be seen through FIG.

본 발명은 주파수 분할 접속 기술인 OFDM 모뎀 방식에 Smart Antenna 기술을 적용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 OFDM 내의 부반송파(Sub-carrier)들을 그룹화한 부채널(Sub-channel) 별로 빔포밍 트레이닝 코드(Beamforming Training Sequence: BTS)를 할당하는 프레임 구조의 특징을 가진다. 그러므로, 본 발명에 따른 프레임 구조에 기반한 TDD 통신 시스템은 시간/주파수/공간 복합 다중 접속을 이룰 수 있어, 기존의 단순 반송파(Single Carrier) 모뎀 기술에 기반한 단순 시간 분할 다중화이나 직접 확산 코드 (Direct Spreading Sequence)을 사용한 다중 접속 방식보다 채널 용량을 크게 할 수 있다.The present invention provides a beamforming training sequence (BTS) for each sub-channel in which sub-carriers in OFDM are grouped so that the smart antenna technology can be applied to an OFDM modem method, which is a frequency division access technology. ) Has the characteristics of a frame structure. Therefore, the TDD communication system based on the frame structure according to the present invention can achieve time / frequency / spatial complex multiple access, and thus, simple time division multiplexing or direct spreading code based on the existing single carrier modem technology. Channel capacity can be made larger than a multiple access method using a sequence).

또한, TDD 방식에 중계기(Repeater)를 적용하기 위해서는 하향(Downlink) 신호에서 상향(Uplink Time Slot) 신호로 또는 상향 신호에서 하향 신호로의 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍에 관한 정보를 중계기에서 인식해야 한다. 이를 위해, 본 발명에서는 중계기 스위칭 시간동기 코드인 RSTS (Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence)를 프레임 구조에 포함시켜 중계기가 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 용이하게 식별할 수 있도록 한다.In addition, in order to apply a repeater to the TDD scheme, the repeater needs to recognize information about a transmission / reception direction switching timing from a downlink signal to an uplink time slot or an uplink signal to a downlink signal. To this end, in the present invention, the repeater switching time synchronization code RSTS (Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence) is included in the frame structure so that the repeater can easily identify the transmission and reception direction switching timing.

도 1은 TDD 통신용 프레임 구조1 is a frame structure for TDD communication

도 2는 OFDM 기술을 접목한 TDD 통신용 프레임의 세부 구조2 is a detailed structure of a frame for TDD communication incorporating OFDM technology

도 3은 두 명의 사용자가 같은 부채널을 동시에 사용하는 경우 Smart-Antenna 기술을 통한 SINR 개선 효과3 shows the SINR improvement effect through Smart-Antenna technology when two users use the same subchannel at the same time.

도 4는 RSTS를 사용한 중계기 스위칭 타이밍 정보 획득FIG. 4 Acquires Repeater Switching Timing Information Using RSTS

Claims (2)

OFDM 모뎀을 사용하는 TDD 방식에서 상향 타임 슬롯 (Uplink Time Slot: UTS)에 부채널(Sub-channel) 별로 Smart-Antenna 기술을 적용할 목적으로 Beamforming Training Sequence (BTS)를 포함시킨 프레임 구조Frame structure including Beamforming Training Sequence (BTS) in order to apply Smart-Antenna technology for each sub-channel in uplink time slot (UTS) in TDD scheme using OFDM modem TDD 방식의 중계기에서 송수신 방향 전환 타이밍을 획득 가능하도록 할 목적으로 하향 신호에 Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence (RSTS)를 포함시킨 프레임 구조Frame structure including Repeater Switching Time-sync Sequence (RSTS) in downlink signal for the purpose of acquiring transmission / reception direction switching timing in TDD repeater
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