KR20020072632A - An immediate load implant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An expandable dental implant, easy to be rapidly fixed, is provided to enable an operator to previously determine and adjust a position and a direction of a wing, thus devising the stability of an operation. CONSTITUTION: A rectangular hole is longitudinally formed on the center portion, or the upper or lower portion of a cylindrical titanium fixture formed with a thread so as to make a wing body having two or six wings expanded and protruded. The wing body formed with a thread along the inner surface thereof is received in the hole of the fixture whose bottom end is blocked. The lower end of a conical nut to be inserted into the inner thread of the fixture is engaged with the inner thread structure of the wing body received in the fixture, thereby a fastening force of the nut being horizontally transmitted to open and expand the wing body so as to allow the wings to be extruded from the hole of the fixture.

Description

Instantly-fitting, expandable dental implants {AN IMMEDIATE LOAD IMPLANT}

The present invention relates to a dental prosthetic implant, wherein the dental implant utilizes the property that bone cells and tissue cells are chemically directly bonded to the titanium metal surface constituting the implant (osseointegration) and the bone tissue.

In modern dental implants, Bonemarck, Sweden, studied bone and bone marrow reactions in rabbits in vivo in the 1960's to study the bone healing process, but the titanium optical chamber could not be easily removed from the cured bone. The possibility of bone adhesion was reported and Albrektsson and Branemark developed to define that the interface between the implant surface and bone tissue is structurally and functionally connected under the optical microscope.

Modern dental implants are designed with the idea that titanium-based implants, when combined with bone, will withstand a tension of more than 100 kg. In addition, fixture types of various implants such as subperiosteal implants, blade-type implants, and cylindrical implants have been used, but conventionally, screw-type implants are most commonly used.

The dental implant developed by Branemark consists of a fixture (111), abutment (112), gold cylinder (113), abutment screw (114) and gold screw (115). Fixtures are structures that go into the bone, and Dr. Branemark says that the fixture must be buried in the gums and given no load for three to six months during which the osteointegration occurs (see Figure 14).

This is referred to as embedded delayed loading.

It is reported that if the load is applied immediately after purchase without taking the delayed load method, the micro-fluctuation occurs in the fixture, and if the amount exceeds 100 μm, the interface between the fixture and the alveolar bone may occur. Therefore, Branemark technique emphasized stability, which resulted in long operation time, gum damage, and solid dentures during the stabilization period, causing pain, aesthetic and functional damage to the patient. In addition, the prosthesis is made using gold cylinders and gold screws to prevent overload even after prosthesis, which complicates the manufacturing process and increases the economic cost.

The implant developed by Bronemarck is a so-called screw implant, and after fixing the fixture to the alveolar bone under the mucosa, it should be kept stable by avoiding the load without connecting the prosthesis for 3-6 months. If it fails to stabilize until this happens, the procedure must be redone and in this case, the diameter of the implant must be increased to perform the procedure again from the beginning, which requires extreme skill of the dentist and is uneconomical.

The method of applying the load immediately after purchasing the fixture is called immediate loading.

In the Sargon implant released in 1997, the conical trapezoidal open-type nut inserted from the tip was pulled upward when the internal screw was turned, and the blade type tip 167 widened in the opening direction as shown in FIG. It is designed to fix the implant and prevent micro shaking. According to the structure of the open type implant, when the open end screw 165 rotates the open end nut 166 of the conical trapezoidal shape and pushes the front end 167 of the fixture 165 to open the opening direction. A reaction to return back to the original action acts on the action force to be widened by pushing the rod, thereby bringing the bottom surface of the head 163 of the opening screw 165 and the upper surface of the annular shelf portion 162 on the inner surface of the fixture 161 into close contact. The pressure is generated so that it is effective in preventing micro-leakage of bacteria from the head of the implant to the tip. In addition, in order to promote the above effect, in the actual product, a rim break 169 is formed by a reverse taper 168 of 15 on the circumference of the bottom of the head 163 of the opening screw 165, and the opening screw When 165 is clamped, the edge breaker 169 is pushed to the upper part of the tip 162 of the inner surface of the fixture 161, and the effect of cold welding is brought into close contact so that the bacteria are minutely adhered. It is designed to reinforce the leakage prevention effect. (Lazorof S, Hobo S, Nowzari H: The immediate load implant system, Quintessenct Pub. Co. 1998. Tokyo)

Since the lower part of the sargon implant is rotated and the internal screw is turned, the lower end of the implant is opened and the initial fixation force is excellent, and the screw type developed by Bronemarck can be continuously maintained based on the screw tightening after the procedure. The procedure time is shorter than that of the implant and the chance of surgical failure is less. However, there is a risk of bacterial infection because there is a lot of dead space because the lower part is open, there is a disadvantage that the destruction of bone tissue in case of failure due to the retention (retention) only in the lower part. That is, by rotating the open-type screw 165 of the open-type implant of the sargon, pull up the open-type nut 166, and pushes the blade-shaped tip 167 divided into a plurality of the fixture 161, the front end ( The tip of 167 is fixed deep into the bone. Since the stress concentrates around the tip of the tip 167 at that time, it is inevitable that a partial obstacle is applied to the bone. In this state, when a strong torque is applied to the head 163 of the implant exposed in the oral cavity, a torsional force acts between the root and the tip of the blade-shaped tip 167 and the tip 167 is applied. It may break at the root of the In addition, when the tip of the tip portion 167 is fixed and the fixing of the other part of the fixture 161 is insufficient, it is vulnerable to lateral shaking and tends to cause small shaking. On the other hand, when the implant is functioning, such as when chewing, the head 163 of the implant exposed to the oral cavity by the occlusal force is applied up to about 60kg downwards, the screw portion 164 of the individual implant for opening and reclamation Since the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the nuts 166 is much larger than the tip cross-sectional area of the tip portion 167, the opening screw 165 and the opening nut 166 stay in the almost intact position, but the tip of the tip portion 167 Will go deeper into the bone. Then, the head 163 of the opening screw 165 moves upward relative to the fixture 161, and as a result, the bottom face and the fixture 161 of the head 163 of the opening screw 165 are moved. Since the above-mentioned cold press welding effect between the upper surface of the shelf part 162 on the inner surface is also destroyed and both are opened, the effect of preventing micro-leakage of bacteria becomes invalid. Clinical statistics show that the incidence of microbial contamination of the implant is 3%.

Therefore, in order to solve the drawbacks of sargon reorganization implants, the following problems must be solved.

1) When the corner portion 167 is opened, stress is concentrated on the tip of the corner portion 167, and when torque is applied to the head of the fixture 161, a twisting force is generated at both ends of the corner portion 167. When a horizontal force is applied to the head of the fixture 161, a slight horizontal fluctuation of the fixture 161 occurs.

2) Bacterial microleakage occurs when the occlusal force is applied to the head of the implant. In addition, there is a lot of empty space inside the structure is a large amount of empty space at the beginning of surgery, if there is a bacterial infection, there is a fear that the infection can grow. Sargon implants are made of titanium alloy, and the possibility of bone adhesion and maintenance of bone adhesion have the same effect as that of pure titanium.

3) It is difficult to precisely perform the procedure by applying the tapping work that gives a screw shape and the implant placement work by hand in the alveolar bone, and it is difficult to apply the exact force. It's hard.

Korean Patent Publication No. 2000-35692 describes an improvement of sargon's expandable implant. The expansion part is installed in the center of the fixture, and the upper bolt body is screwed into the lower nut body to fix both ends of the blade-shaped part of the fixture. By applying a force in a shortening direction, the blade-shaped portion expands in a spindle shape along the bulge portion to compress the bone and increase the retention by the reaction force. It is less susceptible to bacterial infection and less likely to fail surgery than sargon's expansion implants. However, the following problems have not been resolved.

1) The expansion part is limited to the center

2) During inflation, the proximal end comes up and a dead space occurs at the end of the implant root.

3) If the alveolar bone is thin at the top and thickened at the bottom (many in the maxilla), the procedure is difficult.

4) In addition, there is a risk of bacterial infection due to empty spaces between the inflated blades.

5) During production, the production is complicated

6) It may be difficult to obtain the holding force before expansion because the threaded structure is short.

7) Tapping is difficult to form. (Because it is partial tapping)

In addition, as in the present invention, it is impossible to adjust the site or direction of retention according to the condition of the patient.

In some patients, the lower jaw nerves and arteries are located in the upper jaw, and there is a slight lack of space for planting. Therefore, conventional implants are not possible and bone tissue becomes weak after a long period of extraction. There is a need for fabricating implants. At present, the spread of tomography can obtain three-dimensional data of the surgical site and X-ray images of the cross section of which areas are thin or thick, so that the operator can determine the bone condition and shape of the patient. Custom implants can be used to expand the most suitable area to fit the patient's condition and to adjust retention by adjusting the degree of swelling or the number of wings.

In addition, the blade type wing for maintenance in the existing screw-type structure to increase the initial fixing force and by increasing the surface area to bond with the bone has the following advantageous effects.

1) The procedure was made easier than the conventional Branemark procedure. (See Figure 14)

2) Reduced the procedure time and patient pain.

3) After 2-6 months, a second operation can be performed at once.

4) By gradually expanding, the holding force can be added until osseointegration occurs.

5) Can be planted immediately after tooth extraction.

6) Increased the possibility of immediate loading.

7) It shows the same joint area and holding force that the existing screw-type implant 10mm fixture retains with 7mm fixture.

8) When using a technique such as Sinus lift, it can increase the success rate than the conventional screw implant.

Compared with the conventional implant, the instantaneous expandable implant of the present invention has the following technical configurations and effects.

Differences from Bronemark Implants

1) It is possible to extend a specific part such as the top or bottom of a fixture.

2) The size of the wing can be adjusted.

3) The wing direction can be adjusted.

4) The number of wings can be adjusted.

5) By installing the wing in two stages, both the top and bottom of the implant fixture can be extended.

* In this case, the lower expansion screw can be assembled by forming a hole at the bottom of the fixture and making a separate bottom.

Differences with Sargon Implants

1) There is less dead space than Sargon implant, which has a lot of empty space at the initial stage of the procedure, so it takes shorter time for adhesion and less bacterial infection.

2) Because the wing size can be thickened, the possibility of wing fracture due to rotational force can be reduced.

3) The damage that may occur during the procedure can be reduced by preliminary investigation and reflection of the anatomical structure.

4) When torque is applied to the head of the fixture, the position of the inflated wing is located closer to the sargon implant located at the tip.

6) Since most of the body is made of pure titanium, it is possible to obtain reliable experimental data on safety and bone adhesion than Sargon implants using titanium alloy.

Difference from Hobo Sumiya's fusiform expansion implant

1) The expansion part and the direction of expansion can be adjusted according to the dentist's judgment

2) As it is screw type, it can get better holding force before inflating

3) The dead space is smaller than that of spindle type when it is structurally expanded.

4) Simple to make

5) Dead space does not occur in the proximal end even if it is expanded.

6) Move the inflation area to the bottom of the fixture to allow the procedure to be gradually widened from the top to the bottom.

That is, the implant of the present invention can be applied as described above before the dentist

1) Consider the relationship between the bone structure of the treatment site and the risk structure by examining three-dimensional X-ray data such as Panex and Tomography in advance.

2) Considering the relationship between adjacent teeth and the distance between implants

3) In consideration of the lateral force applied after the prosthesis is made, it may be possible to order and use the implant that is most suitable for the procedure by considering which part of the fixture is to be extended by how many mm of wing.

Figure 1a shows from above the implant of the present invention in the state before the wing type of the inner blade type is expanded (dots indicate the direction in which the wing body exits, taking four wing bodies as an example).

Figure 1b is a front view of the implant of the present invention before the wing body is expanded, an example of the position of the wing body is located above the center of the fixture.

Figure 2a shows a view of the implant of the present invention from the inside of the wing body is expanded as much as possible.

Figure 2b shows a front view of the implant of the present invention with the wing body inside as far as possible.

Figure 3a shows from above the blade type wing (3) body of the present invention.

Figure 3b shows a side view of the wing body of the blade type of the present invention.

3C is a perspective view of a wing body of a blade type of the present invention.

4a shows the cross-shaped extension nut 5 seen from above.

4B is a front view of the crosswise expandable nut.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the implant of the present invention before the blade type wing body is expanded.

6 is a cross-sectional view of the implant of the present invention in a state where the blade-type wing body is fully extended.

FIG. 7A is a front view of the expandable body having a threaded surface, which is another embodiment of the present invention, before being expanded. FIG.

FIG. 7B shows the front view of the expanded body having the threaded surface of FIG. 7A as far as possible.

Fig. 8a shows three expansion bodies 6 having a threaded surface as an example, and the expansion body is viewed from above.

Fig. 8B is a sectional side view of the expanding body having a threaded surface;

8C is a perspective view from above of three threaded extensions.

Figure 9a is a cross-sectional view of the implant of the present invention before the expansion of the threaded extension, an example of the expansion position is located in the center of the implant fixture.

Figure 9b is a cross-sectional view of the implant of the present invention in a state where the threaded extension is expanded as much as possible.

10A is a perspective view of a snail-shaped spring 8 used in another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 10b shows a hook (7) to hook the spring on the blade type wing body.

FIG. 10C shows the hook 7 which catches the spring on top of the extension with a threaded face.

Figure 11a is a snail-shaped spring located on the upper side of the extension having a screw-shaped surface showing the state fixed.

Figure 11b shows the expansion of the screw-shaped surface as much as possible to expand the snail-shaped spring as much as possible.

FIG. 11C shows the snail-shaped spring functioning so that the expandable with a threaded face is retracted back to its original position.

12 illustrates a case in which the top and bottom of the fixture are simultaneously expanded in the embodiment of the present invention.

A: implant fixture

B: Extended nuts at the top and bottom

C: upper and lower wings

D: Lower part of the fixture assembled to the lower extension nut

Figure 13a is a cross-sectional view of the state before the expansion of the implant of the present invention having two upper and lower extensions.

FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of the expanded body of the implant of the present invention having two upper and lower extended bodies as far as possible.

14 is a perspective view of a threaded implant developed by the conventional Bronemark.

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of an inflatable implant of a conventional SARGON.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: fixture 2: wing

3: blade type wing body 4: hole

5: extension nut 6: extension with threaded face

7: hook 8: snail-shaped spring

The first embodiment of the present invention consists of three structures: a main body made of titanium, a blade type wing body made of titanium alloy, and an expansion nut for expanding the same.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, this invention is demonstrated in detail based on drawing.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the present invention is a two to six wing (2) in the middle or on top or bottom of a cylindrical pure titanium fixture (1) with a spiral installed outside. Rectangular hole (4) is installed in the longitudinal direction so that the wing body (3) having an extension can be extended out, the wing body having a spiral wing inside the two to six wings on the outside is a hole inside the cylindrical fixture The lower end of the wing is inserted and accommodated in accordance with the position of the hole (4), and the wing of the conical spiral extension nut (5) inserted along the helix of the interior of the fixture is housed inside the fixture It is in conformity with the internal spiral structure of the sieve, and the force is transmitted in the horizontal direction by the screwing of the expandable nut, so that the wing body expands and expands so that the wing comes out of the hole installed in the fixture. Is an immediate implantable expandable implant.

In the present invention, the shape of the wing can be produced in a variety of shapes depending on the state of the patient, such as rectangular, conical, ladder-like.

In addition, the diameter of the cylindrical fixture in the present invention is preferably 4mm to 6mm. If the diameter of the fixture is 5 mm or less, it is difficult to fit the wing body into the cylindrical fixture and the effect of the expansion is difficult due to the small amount of expansion.

Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figs. 7 to 9, instead of the wing body to assemble the expansion body 6 having a threaded surface to fit the hole 4 of the fixture from the outside to assemble the implant After planting, it can be expanded by screwing on the expansion nut.

Another embodiment of the invention is a spring 8 made of a snail-shaped titanium alloy surrounding the outside of the hook 7 above the wing of a wing or threaded face as shown in FIGS. 10 to 11. ) To fix the wing and expand the wing body or screw-shaped surface by tightening the extension nut, and the spring expands and the spring contracts when the extension nut is loosened. It is also possible to allow the extension with to return to its original shape. In this way, if an additional snail-shaped spring is installed, the blade-type wing or the wing of the expansion body having a screw-shaped surface does not move together before expansion, and the wing must be retracted inevitably after expansion. In this case, the wing can be easily restored to its original position and the fixture can be easily removed from the surgical site. In addition, the number of holes 4 and holes corresponding to the hole 4 installed in the middle part or the upper part or the lower part of the fixture may be selected according to the condition of the patient, and the extension part of the fixture may be two or more as necessary. have.

As described above, in the present invention, a blade-type wing body or an extension body having a screw-shaped surface is placed on the inner surface of the fixture, and the nut is placed on top of the nut to move the nut downward so that the nut moves downward. By pushing the wing of the facet extension perpendicular to the fixture, the alveolar bone is pressed and pressed to obtain additional holding force.

In addition, the implant of the present invention can be manufactured in various directions and positions without limiting the extension method to a specific part of the fixture.

The instant fixable expandable implant of the present invention has the following effects.

1) It gives a strong holding force to the existing screw-type implants to increase the initial fixation force to increase the success rate.

2) Give the dentist the procedure simplicity.

3) The strong holding force facilitates prosthetic procedures and extends the period of use.

4) To reduce pain and shorten the procedure for patients.

5) It reduces side effects after the procedure by expanding the safe place and adjusting the extension direction in advance in the patient's procedure.

6) The information obtained from Tomography and Digital phenomenon can be applied to the treatment site.

7) It is possible to perform the procedure in the area where the procedure was difficult by the existing method and increase the success rate of sinus lift.

Claims (5)

In dental implants, wing bodies (3) having two to six wings (2) in the middle or on the upper or lower part of a cylindrical pure titanium fixture (1) with spirals provided on the outside The rectangular hole 4 is installed in the longitudinal direction so that the extension can be extended, and the wing body having 2-6 wings on the outside and the spiral installed inside is blocked at the lower end of the hole inside the cylindrical fixture. The lower end of the conical spiral extension nut 5, which is inserted and accommodated in accordance with the position of) and which is fitted in accordance with the spiral of the interior of the fixture, conforms to the internal spiral structure of the wing body, which is accommodated in the fixture. Immediately fixed, characterized in that the force is transmitted in the horizontal direction by the screw tightening of the expansion nut is expanded as the wing body opens and the wing comes out of the hole installed in the fixture Expandable implant as possible. 2. The expansion body (6) according to claim 1, wherein in the case of a cylindrical fixture diameter of 5 mm or less, instead of the wing body (3) fitted inside the fixture, an extension body (6) having a threaded surface corresponding to the hole (4) of the fixture is provided. Immediately fixable expandable implant, characterized in that it is assembled from the outside, the implant is implanted, and then expanded based on the tightening of the expansion nut. 3. The wing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a spring (8) made of a snail-shaped titanium alloy surrounding the outside of the hook (7) is installed above the wing of the wing or threaded face to fix the wing. The extension of the wing body or the threaded face is expanded by screwing the expansion nut, and the spring expands and the spring is contracted when the extension nut is loosened to return the wing or the threaded face to its original shape. Immediately fixable inflatable implant, characterized in that it is to be restored. 3. The inflatable assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of holes (4) and the corresponding wings (4), which are installed in the middle or above or below the fixture, is selected according to the condition of the patient. Implants. The implantable implant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the extension of the fixture is two or more.