KR19990043777A - Fuel oils for diesel engines with improved wear resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition prepared by adding various additives to diesel fuel containing less sulfur, and more particularly, as the sulfur content in diesel fuel decreases due to the low sulfurization trend of fuel oil, a conventional perturbation of diesel engines. It relates to a fuel oil composition for a diesel engine containing an additive for improving the wear resistance to replace the role of the sulfur component that served to maintain the wear resistance of the site. Fuel oil composition of the present invention containing an additive that serves to improve the wear resistance not only serves to improve the wear resistance of the fuel pump, but also to lower the friction coefficient of the diesel fuel containing the additive to improve the efficiency of the pump, contained in the additive Combustibility is improved by the influence of the oxygen component, so can be usefully used as fuel oil for diesel engines.

Description

Fuel oils for diesel engines with improved wear resistance

The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition prepared by adding various additives to diesel fuel containing less sulfur, and more particularly, as the sulfur content in diesel fuel decreases due to the low sulfurization trend of fuel oil, a conventional perturbation of diesel engines. It relates to a fuel oil composition for a diesel engine containing an additive for improving the wear resistance to replace the role of the sulfur component that served to maintain the wear resistance of the site.

The injection pump, which is a fuel supply device of diesel vehicles using diesel fuel, is configured to maintain lubrication at the perturbation site by diesel fuel. It is affected by the sulfur compound contained.

The sulfur component reacts with the surface of the metal at the fuel pump perturbation site to form a lubricating film to maintain abrasion resistance. Existing diesel oil contains more than 0.1% sulfur component, so the wear characteristics of the perturbation site of the fuel pump itself. Since it could be maintained, there was no problem even without adding an additive or the like.

However, in order to improve air pollution caused by exhaust gas, there is a global movement to lower the sulfur content of diesel fuel oil, which is used in diesel engines. The law regulated the use of low-sulfur diesel with sulfur content lowered to 0.05% or less. In Korea, sulfur content is now regulated to 0.1% or less, but since April 1, 1998, sulfur has been amended due to amendment of the Atmospheric Environment Conservation Act. Only the diesel fuel having a content of 0.05% or less was regulated to be used as fuel oil for automobiles.

The sulfur component in diesel oil has the characteristics of improving the abrasion characteristics of the fuel pump perturbation region as described above, but as the diesel oil is desulfurized, such characteristics are lost, so that the perturbation portion of the fuel pump is severely worn or fused. As a result, problems such as a decrease in the performance of the pump, a decrease in the power output of the engine, and a decrease in fuel consumption due to an increase in fuel consumption have occurred.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have been trying to develop low-sulfur diesel fuel that can improve the wear resistance of diesel engines, and when an additive is added to the diesel fuel to react with the metal surface, which is a component of the fuel pump perturbation portion, to form a lubricating film. The present invention has been completed by finding that low-sulfur diesel oil with improved lubricity can be produced.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel oil composition for a diesel engine that can improve the wear resistance of the fuel pump perturbation site.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, by adding an additive capable of forming a lubricating film by reacting with the metal surface, which is a component of the fuel pump perturbation part, low sulfur fuel for diesel engines having lubricating performance such as wear resistance and extreme pressure resistance Provides an oil composition.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

In the present invention, in order to improve the wear characteristics due to the use of diesel fuel having a low sulfur content, it can react with the metal surface, which is a component of the fuel pump perturbation portion, to form an appropriate lubricating film, and improve the performance of the engine while improving other combustion characteristics. By adding an additive which does not lower the oil content, a fuel oil having lubricating properties such as wear resistance and extreme pressure is provided.

First, the light oil used in the present invention is used as a fuel oil for automobiles, and low sulfur light oil having a sulfur content of 0.05% or less by removing sulfur by hydrogenation.

The type and content of the additives added to the diesel oil are tested according to ISO / DIS 12156-1,3a, which is a HFRR (High Frequence Reciprocationg Rig) test method specified in ISO, so that the wear amount is 460 µm or less.

Since the additives should not be uniformly mixed with diesel oil and precipitated, the additives should be made of hydrocarbon-based compounds with similar components, and in order to prevent efficiency from being lowered by additives during combustion of fuel oil, It should be equal to or better than that, and 10% residual carbon should be within the standard.

In addition, other properties, such as cetane number and low temperature properties of diesel fuels with added additives, should be within the standards specified in the current application regulation MS 541-04 (light oil-filling).

Therefore, in the present invention, an additive that satisfies the above conditions is used iii) a purified fatty acid or ii) an ester compound in which a fatty acid reacts with an alcohol compound, and these additives react with the metal surface of the fuel pump perturbation site to form a lubricating film. The end group which can be formed is a compound which consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which are reactive, and is mixed and used for light oil.

The additive for improving the wear resistance is gradually diluted with light oil at a temperature higher than room temperature in order to increase the solubility in light oil is used in a concentration of 10% or less.

Among the additives for improving the wear resistance, a fatty acid is an R ₁ COOH compound having R ₁ of C ₃ to C ₁₂ , which is highly purified and mixed with light oil with stirring to a concentration of 50% at a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C. Dilute it with the same diesel oil at room temperature so that it has a concentration of 10%.

Among the additives for improving the wear resistance, the ester compound is an esterification reaction between the purified fatty acid and the alcohol compound as shown in Scheme 1 below to remove water, and gradually diluted with light oil at room temperature to have a concentration of 10%. use.

R ₂ COOH + R ₃ OH → R ₂ COOR ₃ + H ₂ O

In Scheme 1, R ₂ is C ₂ -C ₈ , and R ₃ is C ₃ -C ₇ .

Fatty acid and ester compounds, which are additives for improving the wear resistance, may be used alone or in combination, and since the residual carbon content is increased when 200 ppm or more of the antiwear agent is used, the amount of the antiwear agent is preferably 200 ppm or less.

In addition to the additives for improving the wear resistance, other additives such as a fluidity improver, an antifoaming agent, a clean dispersant, and a rust preventive agent were used in the same manner as the additives added to the existing diesel oil to minimize changes in other physical properties.

The fuel oil composition of the present invention uses 80 to 100% by volume of light oil having a sulfur content of 0.05% or less, 40 to 150 ppm of a fatty acid and an ester compound, which are antiwear agents, respectively, or a fluid improving agent, which is another additive, from 0 to 100 vol%. 0.5 wt%, 0 to 0.10 wt% of an antifoaming agent, 0 to 0.6 wt% of a clean dispersant, and 0 to 0.6 wt% of a rust preventive agent.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. However, the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and the present invention is not limited by the examples.

<Example 1>

100% by volume of diesel oil containing 0.04% of sulfur, 100 ppm of fatty acid as an antiwear agent, 0.2% by weight of fluidity improving agent as other additives, 0.001% by weight of antifoaming agent, 0.1% by weight of clean dispersant, 0.1% by weight of rust inhibitor The mixture was then stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature to prepare a fuel oil composition of the present invention (see Table 1). Abrasion amount, friction coefficient, film thickness, cetane index, residual carbon, pour point, corrosiveness, kinematic viscosity, CFPP (Cold Filter Plugging Point), etc. of the fuel oil composition were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

<Example 2>

100% by volume of light oil containing 0.04% of sulfur, 100 ppm of ester compound as an antiwear agent, 0.2% by weight of fluidity improver as other additives, 0.001% by weight of antifoaming agent, 0.1% by weight of clean dispersant, and 0.1% of antirust agent % Was mixed and then stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to prepare a fuel oil composition of the present invention (see Table 1). Abrasion amount, friction coefficient, film thickness, cetane index, residual carbon, pour point, corrosiveness, kinematic viscosity, CFPP and the like of the fuel oil composition were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

<Example 3>

100% by volume of diesel oil containing 0.04% of sulfur, 50 ppm of fatty acid as an antiwear agent, 50 ppm of ester compound, 0.2% by weight of fluidity improving agent of other additives, 0.001% by weight of antifoaming agent and 0.1% of clean dispersant %, 0.1 wt% of rust preventive agent was mixed and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to prepare a fuel oil composition of the present invention (see Table 1). Abrasion amount, friction coefficient, film thickness, cetane index, residual carbon, pour point, corrosiveness, kinematic viscosity, CFPP and the like of the fuel oil composition were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

<Example 4>

100% by volume of diesel oil containing 0.04% of sulfur, 100 ppm of fatty acid as an antiwear agent, 100 ppm of ester compound, 0.2% by weight of fluidity improver of other additives, 0.001% by weight of antifoaming agent and 0.1% of clean dispersant %, 0.1 wt% of rust preventive agent was mixed and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to prepare a fuel oil composition of the present invention (see Table 1). Abrasion amount, friction coefficient, film thickness, cetane index, residual carbon, pour point, corrosiveness, kinematic viscosity, CFPP and the like of the fuel oil composition were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

Comparative Example 1.

100% by weight of diesel fuel containing 0.1% of sulfur, no anti-wear agent, 0.2% by weight of other fluidity improvers, 0.001% by weight of antifoam, 0.1% by weight of dispersant, 0.1% by weight of rust inhibitor And then stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to prepare a comparative fuel oil composition (see Table 1). Abrasion amount, friction coefficient, film thickness, cetane index, residual carbon, pour point, corrosiveness, kinematic viscosity, CFPP and the like of the fuel oil composition were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

Comparative Example 2.

100% by volume of diesel oil containing 0.08% of sulfur, no anti-wear agent, 0.2% by weight of other fluidity improvers, 0.001% by weight of antifoaming agent, 0.1% by weight of clean dispersant, and 0.1% by weight of rust inhibitor And then stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to prepare a comparative fuel oil composition (see Table 1). Abrasion amount, friction coefficient, film thickness, cetane index, residual carbon, pour point, corrosiveness, kinematic viscosity, CFPP and the like of the fuel oil composition were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

Comparative Example 3.

100% by volume of diesel oil containing 0.04% of sulfur, no anti-wear agent, 0.2% by weight of other fluidity improvers, 0.001% by weight of antifoam, 0.1% by weight of clean dispersant, and 0.1% by weight of rust inhibitor And then stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to prepare a comparative fuel oil composition (see Table 1). Abrasion amount, friction coefficient, film thickness, cetane index, residual carbon, pour point, corrosiveness, kinematic viscosity, CFPP and the like of the fuel oil composition were measured, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

division Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Via 0.1% S 100 - - - - - - 0.08% S - 100 - - - - - 0.04% S - - 100 100 100 100 100 additive Abrasion resistant fatty acid - - - 100 - 50 100 ester - - - - 100 50 100 Fluidity improver 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% Antifoam 0.001% 0.001% 0.001% 0.001% 0.001% 0.001% 0.001% Clean dispersant 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Rust preventive 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%

Item Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Abrasion Amount (㎛) 410 425 565 325 380 350 280 Coefficient of friction 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 Film thickness (%) 20 15 8 45 40 40 58 Cetane index 52 52 53 53 53 53 55 Residual carbon (%) 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.08 Pour point (℃) -21 -22 -20 -19 -19 -20 -19 causticity none none none none none none none Kinematic viscosity (cSt) 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 CEPP (℃) -29 -30 -30 -29 -29 -30 -28

As can be seen from the above test results, it can be seen that the wear resistance of the low-sulfur diesel oil containing the wear-resistant agent as an additive is improved compared to the diesel oil of the comparative example without the anti-wear agent as a result of the wear test specified by the Co-ordinating European Council (CEC).

In addition, the friction coefficient of the diesel fuel containing the wear resistant agent can be improved, the efficiency of the fuel pump can be improved, the more the wear agent is contained, the thicker the thickness of the resulting lubricating film is improved corrosiveness.

On the other hand, since the residual carbon content increases when the wear resistant agent is used at 200 ppm or more, the amount of the wear resistant agent is preferably 200 ppm or less.

In addition, combustibility may be excellent due to the influence of the oxygen component contained in the antiwear agent, and other inertia phases are equivalent to those of general diesel oil, so they are not a problem when used as fuel oil.

As described above, the fuel oil composition of the present invention containing an additive that improves wear resistance not only serves to improve the wear resistance of the fuel pump, but also lowers the friction coefficient of the diesel fuel containing the additive to improve the efficiency of the pump, Combustibility is also improved due to the effect of the oxygen contained in the additive, so it may be usefully used as fuel oil for diesel engines using low sulfur diesel.

Claims (4)

80 to 100% by volume of light oil having a sulfur content of 0.05% or less, and an antiwear agent as an additive alone or as a mixture of 40 to 150 ppm, respectively; A fuel oil composition for a diesel engine containing 0% by weight, 0 to 0.6% by weight of a clean dispersant, and 0 to 0.6% by weight of a rust preventive agent. The fuel oil composition for a diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the antiwear agent is a highly purified fatty acid or ester compound. The fatty acid is an R ₁ COOH compound wherein R ₁ is C ₃ -C ₁₂ , which is highly purified and mixed with light oil with stirring to a concentration of 50% at a temperature of 40-60 ° C., which is the same at room temperature. A fuel oil composition for a diesel engine, characterized in that diluted to light oil to a concentration of 10%. The method of claim 2, wherein the ester compound is to remove the water after the esterification reaction of the purified fatty acid and alcohol compound as shown in Scheme 1, and gradually diluted with light oil at room temperature to a concentration of 10% Fuel oil composition for a diesel engine. Scheme 1 R ₂ COOH + R ₃ OH → R ₂ COOR ₃ + H ₂ O In Scheme 1, R ₂ is C ₂ -C ₈ , and R ₃ is C ₃ -C ₇ .