KR102620804B1 - Smart windows assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention seeks to provide a smart window assembly that variably controls light transmittance and applies heat blocking with low emissivity. The smart window assembly of the present invention includes an outer glass exposed to the outside, a transmittance variable film attached to the inside of the outer glass as an outer adhesive layer, an inner glass attached to the inside of the transmittance variable film as an inner adhesive layer, and the transmittance variable film. It includes a low emissivity layer provided on at least one side.

Description

SMART WINDOWS ASSEMBLY}

The present invention relates to a smart window assembly, and more specifically, to a smart window assembly that applies heat blocking with variable light transmittance and low emissivity.

As is known, smart glass and film products can control transparency and light transmittance depending on power control. For example, smart glass and film products include Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC), and Variable Polarized Liquid Crystal (VPLC). They can vary the light transmittance.

PDLC film controls the scattering rate of light and is attached to the windows of vehicles and buildings to block the view from the outside. PDLC film is opaque when no voltage is applied and transparent when voltage is applied, and is used for heat blocking and active privacy.

PNLC film has the same function as PDLC, but is transparent when no voltage is applied and opaque when voltage is applied, so it can be applied to mobility driving safety. VPLC film controls polarized light and adjusts the light transmittance by adjusting the phase of the high molecular weight polymer. VPLC film does not cause scattering due to its high brightness and allows the user to make linear fine adjustments to the light source.

Window glass or roof glass of automobiles and window glass of buildings are required to protect privacy by varying light transmittance and to save energy by blocking heat. Also, at this time, it is required to reduce manufacturing costs.

One embodiment of the present invention seeks to provide a smart window assembly that variably controls light transmittance and applies heat blocking with low emissivity.

A smart window assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an outer glass exposed to the outside, a transmittance variable film attached to the inside of the outer glass as an outer adhesive layer, an inner glass attached to the inside of the transmittance variable film as an inner adhesive layer, and a low emissivity layer provided on at least one side of the variable transmittance film.

The outer glass and the inner glass may be formed of soda lime glass.

The outer adhesive layer and the inner adhesive layer may be formed of one of poly vinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and liquid resin.

The low emissivity layer may be formed on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film.

The low emissivity layer may be formed directly on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film by sputtering.

The low emissivity layer is formed in a low emissivity film structure on a transparent film, and the low emissivity film may be attached to the outer surface of the variable transmittance film by a lamination method.

The low emissivity film may form a single structure including a first metal oxide layer, the low emissivity layer, and a second metal oxide layer sequentially deposited on the transparent film through a sputtering process.

The low emissivity film forms a double structure including a first low emissivity film and a second low emissivity film, and the first low emissivity film is attached to the outer surface of the variable transmittance film through a first adhesive film, The second low emissivity film may be attached to the outer surface of the first low emissivity film through a second adhesive film.

The low emissivity layer may form a single structure including a first metal oxide layer, the low emissivity layer, and a second metal oxide layer sequentially deposited on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film through a sputtering process.

The low emissivity layer forms a double structure including a first low emissivity layer, a second low emissivity layer, a first metal oxide layer, a second metal oxide layer, and a third metal oxide layer, and the first low emissivity layer is It is formed on the first metal oxide layer formed on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film, the second low emissivity layer is formed on the second metal oxide layer formed on the outer surface of the first low emissivity layer, and the third metal oxide layer may be formed on the outer surface of the second low emissivity layer.

The variable transmittance film is an active smart window film including one of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC), and Variable Polarized Liquid Crystal (VPLC). It can be.

In this way, one embodiment of the present invention can be effectively applied to window glass of automobiles or buildings because it variably controls light transmittance with a variable heat transmission film and blocks heat with low emissivity by a low emissivity layer. The smart window assembly of one embodiment can protect privacy by varying light transmittance and save energy by blocking heat.

In one embodiment, a low emissivity layer is applied to one side of the variable heat transmission film, the outer glass and the inner glass are formed of soda lime glass, and the outer adhesive layer and the inner adhesive layer are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl Since it is made of either vinyl acetate (EVA; Ethyl vinyl acetate) or liquid resin, manufacturing costs can be reduced.

Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a smart window assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the low emissivity film applied to Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts not related to the description are omitted, and identical or similar components are given the same reference numerals throughout the specification.

Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a smart window assembly according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of Figure 1. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the smart window assembly 100 of the first embodiment includes an outer glass 10, a variable heat transmission film 30, an inner glass 20, and a low emissivity layer 41.

The smart window assembly 100 can be applied to window glass or roof glass of automobiles and window glass of buildings. The smart window assembly 100 is configured to protect privacy by varying light transmittance and to save energy by blocking heat.

The out glass 10 is exposed to the outside of the space where the smart window assembly 100 is installed. The inner glass 20 is exposed inside the space where the smart window assembly is installed. The variable heat transmission film 30 is provided and attached between the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20.

For example, an outer adhesive layer 51 is provided on the inner surface of the outer glass 10, and the variable transmittance film 30 is attached to the inner surface of the outer glass 10. An inner adhesive layer 52 is provided on the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30 to attach the inner glass 20 to the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30.

For example, the outer adhesive layer 51 and the inner adhesive layer 52 may be formed of one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and liquid resin. You can.

PVB laminated glass film is a macro molecule made through a condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol and butyraldehyde and has the characteristic of thermoplasticity. PVB laminated glass film has strong durability against acids and alkalis, and has excellent adhesion due to hydrogen bonding between plate glass and PVB film.

EVA laminated glass film can be used as a replacement for PVB laminated glass film, and is made of ethylene-based polymer resin. EVA laminated glass film has excellent transparency, high tensile stress, and excellent adhesion, and in particular, durability against humidity is superior to PVB laminated glass film.

Resin used in laminated glass is a chemical single-component polymer and does not contain solvents or plasticizers. The resin material maintains the transparency of laminated glass without damaging it even after curing by heat or ultraviolet rays. Additionally, because resin has a low reaction with moisture, it reduces delamination that occurs in laminated glass.

In addition, the resin reduces the phenomenon of interlayer lifting compared to the case of using a film because the liquid resin fills the space between glass even if there is a bending phenomenon in the original plate that has undergone strengthening heat treatment. Resin allows for custom-engineered configuration because its thickness is easily adjustable.

The low emissivity layer 41 may be provided on at least one side of the variable transmittance film 30. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the low emissivity layer 41 may be provided directly on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30. The low emissivity layer 41 is formed of a reflective metal layer and includes, for example, silver-palladium-copper alloy (APC; Ag-Pd-Cu alloy).

The reflective metal layer may have a solar heat gain rate of 0.4 or less and a thermal transmittance rate of 4 (W/㎡K) or less. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) refers to the ratio of solar heat flowing inside to the total solar heat incident on the entire outer glass 10, and has a range of 0 to 1. The lower the solar heat gain rate, the better the heat blocking effect. The solar heat gain rate of regular glass (3T clear glass) is around 0.88.

Thermal transmittance (U-value) refers to the amount of heat that passes in unit time from a high temperature to a low temperature through a unit area of a solid between different temperatures. The lower the thermal transmittance value, the better the heat blocking effect. The heat transmittance of general glass (3T) is around 5.9.

Low-E (LOW-EMISSIVITY) means blocking heat with low emissivity. Emissivity refers to the rate of energy that an object absorbs external light energy and then radiates internally. In theory, an object that absorbs external energy and radiates 100% internally and does not reflect it to the surface is called a blackbody, and the emissivity value of a blackbody is defined as 1.

Silver coating, an example of a low-emissivity (Low-E) coating, lowers the emissivity through a silver coating layer. Therefore, the low emissivity layer 41 reflects external infrared energy from the outside and absorbs infrared energy to minimize the amount radiated inside.

In other words, the low emissivity layer 41 prevents energy inflow from the outside to the inside and energy outflow from the inside to the outside regardless of the season. In this way, the low emissivity layer 41 improves heat shielding performance. The low emissivity layer 41 may be formed directly on one surface of the variable transmittance film 30 using a sputtering method.

Since the outer glass 10 and the inner glass 20 are made of soda lime glass, cost reduction and production yield improvement can be realized. The outer adhesive layer 51 and the inner adhesive layer 52 are made of polyvinylbutyral (PVB), ethylvinylacetate (EVA), or liquid resin and have transparent properties, so they do not unnecessarily block light.

The variable transmittance film 30 is formed of an active smart window film containing Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC), and Variable Polarized Liquid Crystal (VPLC). It can be formed as an active smart window film containing one of (Liquid Crystal).

Meanwhile, the low emissivity layer 41 may be formed on a separate transparent film and attached to the smart window assembly 100 by lamination. Additionally, the low emissivity layer may be formed in a single structure or a double structure on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30.

For example, in the variable transmittance film 30 formed of PDLC, the visible light transmittance is 3 to 81%, the turbidity is 5% or less, the energy transmittance is 8 to 84%, the visible light reflectance is 4% or more, and the energy reflectance is 3. It is set to % or more (see Table 1). The variable transmittance film 30 controls the transmittance of visible light over a wide range, thereby protecting privacy by blocking external view.

division PDLC PDLC + single low emissivity layer smart window assembly Visible light transmittance (TL) 3~81% 2~43% 1~28% Turbidity 5% or less 5% or less - Energy Transmittance (TE) 8~84% 3~28% 1-8% Visible Light Reflectance (RL) More than 4% More than 4% More than 4% Energy Reflectance (RE) More than 3% More than 42% More than 42%

In this way, in the variable transmittance film 30 and the low emissivity layer 41 of a single structure formed on one side of the variable transmittance film 30, the visible light transmittance is 2 to 43%, the turbidity is 5% or less, and the energy transmittance is 3 to 3%. 28%, visible light reflectance is set to 4% or more, and energy reflectance is set to 42% or more (see Table 1). The variable transmittance film 30 and the low emissivity layer 41 form a high energy reflectance to increase heat blocking performance.

The smart window assembly 100 further includes an outer glass 10, an outer adhesive film 51, an inner glass 20, and an inner adhesive film 52, so the final visible light transmittance is 1 to 28% and the energy transmittance is 1. ~8%, visible light reflectance is set to over 4%, and energy reflectivity is set to over 42% (see Table 1).

Referring to Table 1, comparing before and after applying the low emissivity layer 41 to the variable transmittance film 30, it can be seen that the visible light transmittance and energy transmittance are significantly reduced, and the energy reflectance is significantly increased. It can be seen that the visible light transmittance and energy transmittance are further reduced in the smart window assembly 100 using the variable transmittance film 30 and the low emissivity layer 41.

The smart window assembly 100 of the first embodiment controls the transmittance of visible light over a wide range with the variable transmittance film 30, thereby protecting privacy by blocking external view, and includes the variable transmittance film 30 and the low emissivity layer 41. By forming a high energy reflectivity, heat blocking performance can be improved.

In the smart window assembly 100 of the first embodiment, the variable transmittance film 30 uses a transparent plastic substrate to control the transmittance of light, so when applied to automobiles or buildings, it has a function to maximize energy efficiency required in the market. does not exist. The low emissivity layer 41 maximizes energy efficiency without interfering with control of transmittance.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described. Compared to the first embodiment and the previously described embodiments, descriptions of the same configurations will be omitted and descriptions of different configurations will be described.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the low emissivity film applied to Figure 3. Referring to FIG. 3, in the smart window assembly 200 of the second embodiment, the low emissivity layer 41 is formed in a low emissivity film 410 structure using a transparent film 413. The smart window assembly 200 forms a single structure by attaching a low emissivity film 410 to the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30 through an adhesive film 61.

Referring to FIG. 4, the low emissivity film 410 sequentially includes a first metal oxide layer 411, a low emissivity layer 41, and a second metal oxide layer 412 on a transparent film 413. A first metal oxide layer 411 is deposited on the transparent film 413 through a sputtering process, a low emissivity layer 41 is deposited on the first metal oxide layer 411, and the low emissivity layer 41 ) can be formed by depositing a second metal oxide layer 412.

In the reflective metal layer, the low emissivity layer 41 lowers the solar heat gain rate to 0.4 or less and the thermal transmittance rate to 4 (W/㎡K) or less. The first metal oxide layer 411 enables the low emissivity layer 41 to be formed on the transparent film 413 and protects one side of the low emissivity layer 41, and the second metal oxide layer 412 is a low emissivity layer ( 41) protects the other side.

The adhesive film 61 may be formed of a double-sided adhesive film (eg, PSA; Pressure Sensitive Adhesive, OCA; Optical Clear Adhesive). The adhesive film 61 can be laminated to the variable transmittance film 30, and the low emissivity film 410 can be attached to the adhesive film 61 by lamination.

An outer adhesive layer 51 is provided on the inner surface of the outer glass 10, and a low-emissivity film 410 of a single structure is attached to the inner surface of the outer glass 10. An inner adhesive layer 52 is provided on the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30 of the single structure, and the inner glass 20 is attached to the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30.

The low emissivity film 410 uses a transparent film 413 separate from the variable transmittance film 30, and a low emissivity layer 41 is formed on the transparent film 413 and attached to the variable transmittance film 30 by lamination. do. Therefore, the low emissivity film 410 facilitates the formation and handling of the low emissivity layer 41.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the smart window assembly 300 of the third embodiment includes two layers of low emissivity films 420, 421, 422 with adhesive films 61; 611, 612 interposed on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30. Attached to form a double structure.

The smart window assembly 300 attaches a first low-emissivity film 420 to the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30 through a first adhesive film 611, and attaches a first low-emissivity film 420 to the outer surface of the first low-emissivity film 421. 2. The second low emissivity film 422 is attached through the adhesive film 612 to form a double structure.

The first adhesive film 611 is laminated to the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30, the first low emissivity film 421 is attached to the outer surface of the first adhesive film 611 by lamination, and the second adhesive film 612 ) can be laminated to the outer surface of the first low-emissivity film 421, and the second low-emissivity film 422 can be attached to the outer surface of the second adhesive film 612 by lamination.

An outer adhesive layer 51 is provided on the inner surface of the outer glass 10, and a second low-emissivity film 422 of a double structure is attached to the inner surface of the outer glass 10. An inner adhesive layer 52 is provided on the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30 of a double structure, and the inner glass 20 is attached to the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30.

The first and second low emissivity films 421 and 422 can further increase the heat blocking effect with respect to the light transmittance by the variable transmittance film 30. In other words, visible light transmittance and energy transmittance are reduced in double compared to single.

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, the smart window assembly 400 of the fourth embodiment has a first metal oxide layer 411, a low emissivity layer 41, and a second metal oxide layer 412 on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30. It is provided to form a single structure.

A first metal oxide layer 411 is deposited on the transparent film 413 through a sputtering process, a low emissivity layer 41 is deposited on the first metal oxide layer 411, and the low emissivity layer 41 ) can be formed by depositing a second metal oxide layer 412.

An outer adhesive layer 51 is provided on the inner surface of the outer glass 10, and a second metal oxide layer 412 of a sputtering single structure is attached to the inner surface of the outer glass 10. An inner adhesive layer 52 is provided on the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30 of the sputtering single structure, and the inner glass 20 is attached to the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30.

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a smart window assembly according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7, the smart window assembly 500 of the fifth embodiment includes a first metal oxide layer 411, a low emissivity layer 41, and a second metal oxide layer 412 on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film 30. , a double structure is formed by providing a second low emissivity layer 42 and a third metal oxide layer 414.

A first metal oxide layer 411 is deposited on the transparent film 413 through a sputtering process, a low emissivity layer 41 is deposited on the first metal oxide layer 411, and the low emissivity layer 41 ) A second metal oxide layer 412 is deposited on the second metal oxide layer 412, a second low emissivity layer 42 is deposited on the second metal oxide layer 412, and a third metal oxide layer is formed on the second emissivity layer 42. (414) can be formed by vapor deposition.

An outer adhesive layer 51 is provided on the inner surface of the outer glass 10, and a second low-emissivity film 422 of a double sputtering structure is attached to the inner surface of the outer glass 10. An inner adhesive layer 52 is provided on the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30 of the sputtering double structure, and the inner glass 20 is attached to the inner surface of the variable transmittance film 30.

In the variable transmittance film 30 and the low emissivity layer 41 and the second low emissivity layer 42 of a double structure formed on one side of the variable transmittance film 30, the visible light transmittance is 1 to 28% and the turbidity is 5% or less. , the energy transmittance is set to 1 to 8%, the visible light reflectance is set to 4% or more, and the energy reflectance is set to 42% or more (see Table 2).

division PDLC PDLC + double low emissivity layer Visible light transmittance (TL) 3~81% 1~28% Turbidity 5% or less 5% or less Energy Transmittance (TE) 8~84% 1-8% Visible Light Reflectance (RL) More than 4% More than 4% Energy Reflectance (RE) More than 3% More than 42%

Although not separately shown, the smart window assembly (the schematic structure is the same as in FIG. 3) can form a variable transmittance film into an opaque black type when no voltage is applied. White type variable transmittance film becomes opaque when voltage is applied.

In this case, in the double low emissivity layer formed on both sides of the variable transmittance film and the variable transmittance film, the visible light transmittance is 0 to 1%, the turbidity is 5% or less, the energy transmittance is 1 to 8%, the visible light reflectance is 4% or more, and The energy reflectance is set to 42% or more (see Figure 3).

The double-structured low-emissivity layer 41, the second low-emissivity layer 42, and the black PDLC have a visible light transmittance of 0 to 1% in the non-voltage-applied state, and the double-structured low-emissivity layer 41, the second low-emissivity layer ( 42), the difference is that the visible light transmittance is 1 to 28% in the PDLC voltage-free state, and the rest is the same.

In Table 2, it can be seen that the visible light transmittance and energy transmittance are significantly reduced in a smart window assembly using a double-structured low-emissivity layer compared to a single-structured low-emissivity layer, and conversely, the energy reflectance is reduced.

division PDLC + double low emissivity layer Black PDLC + double low emissivity layer Visible light transmittance (TL) 1~28% 0~1% Turbidity 5% or less 5% or less Energy Transmittance (TE) 1-8% 1-8% Visible Light Reflectance (RL) More than 4% More than 4% Energy Reflectance (RE) More than 42% More than 42%

In Table 2, it can be seen that in a smart window assembly using a double-structured low-emissivity layer, the transmittance of visible light is only opposite depending on the white type or black type of the variable transmittance film, and the visible light reflectance, energy transmittance, and energy reflectance are the same. . Therefore, both types can be used appropriately.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto, and can be implemented with various modifications within the scope of the claims, the detailed description of the invention, and the accompanying drawings, and this also applies to this invention. It is natural that it falls within the scope of the invention.

10: Out glass 20: Inner glass
30: Transmissive heat variable film 41: Low emissivity layer
42: second low emissivity layer 51: out adhesive layer
52: Inner adhesive layer 61: Adhesive film
100, 200, 300, 400, 500: Smart window assembly
410: low emissivity film 420: low emissivity film
411: first metal oxide layer 412: second metal oxide layer
413: Transparent film 414: Third metal oxide layer
421: First low emissivity film 422: Second low emissivity film
611: First adhesive film 612: Second adhesive film

Claims (11)

Out glass exposed to the outside;
A variable transmittance film attached to the inside of the out glass as an out adhesive layer;
An inner glass attached to the inside of the variable transmittance film as an inner adhesive layer; and
It includes a low emissivity layer provided on at least one side of the variable transmittance film,
The variable transmittance film and the low emissivity layer are
A smart window assembly set to have a turbidity of 5% or less, an energy transmittance of 3 to 8%, a visible light reflectance of 4% or more, and an energy reflectance of 42% or more. According to claim 1,
A smart window assembly in which the outer glass and the inner glass are formed of soda lime glass. According to claim 1,
The outer adhesive layer and the inner adhesive layer are
A smart window assembly formed of one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and liquid resin. According to claim 1,
A smart window assembly wherein the low emissivity layer is formed on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film. According to claim 4,
A smart window assembly in which the low emissivity layer is formed directly on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film by sputtering. According to claim 4,
The low emissivity layer is formed in a low emissivity film structure on a transparent film,
A smart window assembly in which the low emissivity film is attached to the outer surface of the variable transmittance film by lamination. According to claim 6,
The low emissivity film is a smart window assembly that forms a single structure including a first metal oxide layer, the low emissivity layer, and a second metal oxide layer sequentially deposited on the transparent film through a sputtering process. According to claim 6,
The low emissivity film forms a double structure including a first low emissivity film and a second low emissivity film,
The first low emissivity film is attached to the outer surface of the variable transmittance film through a first adhesive film,
A smart window assembly in which the second low-emissivity film is attached to the outer surface of the first low-emissivity film through a second adhesive film. According to claim 5,
The low emissivity layer is a smart window assembly that forms a single structure including a first metal oxide layer, the low emissivity layer, and a second metal oxide layer sequentially deposited on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film through a sputtering process. According to clause 9,
The low emissivity layer forms a double structure including a first low emissivity layer, a second low emissivity layer, a first metal oxide layer, a second metal oxide layer, and a third metal oxide layer,
The first low emissivity layer is formed on the first metal oxide layer formed on the outer surface of the variable transmittance film,
The second low emissivity layer is formed on a second metal oxide layer formed on the outer surface of the first low emissivity layer,
The third metal oxide layer is a smart window assembly formed on the outer surface of the second low emissivity layer. According to claim 1,
The transmittance variable film is
A smart window assembly that is one of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC), Polymer Network Liquid Crystal (PNLC), and Variable Polarized Liquid Crystal (VPLC).