KR102537563B1 - 열분해 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
열분해 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102537563B1 KR102537563B1 KR1020177033283A KR20177033283A KR102537563B1 KR 102537563 B1 KR102537563 B1 KR 102537563B1 KR 1020177033283 A KR1020177033283 A KR 1020177033283A KR 20177033283 A KR20177033283 A KR 20177033283A KR 102537563 B1 KR102537563 B1 KR 102537563B1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 321
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 17
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000004692 Eucalyptus globulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019134 Eucalyptus tereticornis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
- C10B7/10—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with conveyor-screws
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
- C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/007—Screw type gasifiers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G33/00—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors
- B65G33/08—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors for fluent solid materials
- B65G33/14—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors for fluent solid materials comprising a screw or screws enclosed in a tubular housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G33/00—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors
- B65G33/24—Details
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- B65G33/265—Screws with a continuous helical surface
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
- C10B1/06—Horizontal retorts
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
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- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 열분해 장치의 평면도이다.
도 2는 바이오매스 플러그를 형성하는 공정이다.
도 3은 바이오차 플러그를 형성하는 공정이다.
Claims (16)
- 열분해 장치로서, 상기 열분해 장치는,
(a) 제1 단부 및 제2 단부를 갖는 열분해 챔버로서, 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부로부터 적어도 부분적으로 상기 제2 단부를 향하여 연장하는 센터리스 열분해 스크류 컨베이어(centreless pyrolysis screw conveyor)를 포함하며, 바이오매스 베드(biomass bed)를 형성하도록 구성된 열분해 챔버;
(b) 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부에 인접한 공급물 입구;
(c) 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제2 단부에 인접한 바이오차 출구(biochar outlet);
(d) 상기 열분해 챔버와 유체연통하고 상기 제1 단부에 인접하게 배치된 가스 출구(gas outlet); 및
(e) 상기 제2 단부에 인접하게 배치된 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트를 포함하며,
상기 공급물 입구는 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어, 및 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어의 단부와 상기 열분해 챔버 사이의 간격을 포함하고, 상기 바이오차 출구는 센터리스 바이오차 스크류 컨베이어 및 상기 센터리스 바이오차 스크류 컨베이어의 단부와 상기 바이오차 출구(biochar outlet)의 출구(exit) 사이의 간격을 포함하며,
상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제2 단부는 가스 출구가 없으며, 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어는 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어의 상기 단부와 상기 열분해 챔버 사이의 상기 간격에 바이오매스 플러그를 형성하도록 구성되는,
열분해 장치. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 온도 구배가 상기 열분해 챔버에서 형성되는, 열분해 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 열분해 장치는 상기 바이오차 출구와 연통하는 바이오차 밸브를 더 포함하는, 열분해 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트를 통하여 주입되는 가스는 산소 또는 대기(atmospheric air)로부터 선택되는, 열분해 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트는 상기 제2 단부에만 인접하게 배치된, 열분해 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트가 상기 제2 단부로부터 상기 열분해 챔버의 길이의 1/3 이내에만 배치된, 열분해 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 센터리스 바이오차 스크류 컨베이어는 상기 센터리스 바이오차 스크류 컨베이어의 상기 단부와 상기 바이오차 출구(biochar outlet)의 상기 출구(exit) 사이의 간격에 바이오차 플러그를 형성하도록 구성된, 열분해 장치.
- 열분해 장치로서, 상기 열분해 장치는,
(a) 제1 단부 및 제2 단부를 갖는 열분해 챔버로서, 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부로부터 적어도 부분적으로 상기 제2 단부를 향하여 연장하는 센터리스 열분해 스크류 컨베이어를 포함하며, 바이오매스 베드를 형성하도록 구성된 열분해 챔버;
(b) 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부에 인접한 공급물 입구;
(c) 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제2 단부에 인접한 바이오차 출구;
(d) 상기 열분해 챔버와 유체연통하고 상기 제1 단부에 인접하게 배치된 가스 출구; 및
(e) 상기 제2 단부에 인접하게 배치된 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트를 포함하며,
상기 공급물 입구는 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어, 및 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어의 단부와 상기 열분해 챔버 사이의 간격을 포함하고,
상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어는 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어의 상기 단부와 상기 열분해 장치 사이의 상기 간격에 바이오매스 플러그를 형성하도록 구성되고,
상기 바이오차 출구는 바이오차 플러그를 형성하도록 구성된 센터리스 바이오차 스크류 컨베이어를 포함하고,
상기 열분해 장치의 상기 제2 단부는 가스 출구가 없는, 열분해 장치. - 제 8 항에 있어서, 온도 구배가 상기 열분해 챔버에서 형성되는, 열분해 장치.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트를 통하여 주입되는 가스는 산소 또는 대기(atmospheric air)로부터 선택되는, 열분해 장치.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트는 상기 제2 단부에만 인접하게 배치된, 열분해 장치.
- (a) 열분해 챔버를 제공하는 단계로서, 상기 열분해 챔버는,
(i) 제1 단부 및 제2 단부를 갖는 열분해 챔버로서, 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부로부터 적어도 부분적으로 상기 제2 단부를 향하여 연장하는 센터리스 열분해 스크류 컨베이어를 포함하며, 바이오매스 베드를 형성하도록 구성된 열분해 챔버;
(ii) 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부에 인접한 공급물 입구;
(iii) 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제2 단부에 인접한 바이오차 출구(biochar outlet);
(iv) 상기 열분해 챔버와 유체연통하고 상기 제1 단부에 인접하게 배치된 가스 출구; 및
(v) 상기 제2 단부에 인접하게 배치된 적어도 하나의 가스 주입 포트를 포함하며, 상기 공급물 입구는 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어, 및 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어의 단부와 상기 열분해 챔버 사이의 간격을 포함하고, 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어는 상기 센터리스 공급물 스크류 컨베이어의 상기 단부와 상기 열분해 챔버 사이의 상기 간격에 바이오매스 플러그를 형성하도록 구성되고, 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제2 단부는 가스 출구가 없는, 단계;
(b) 상기 공급물 입구로부터 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부로 바이오매스를 도입하는 단계;
(c) 상기 바이오매스를 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제1 단부로부터 상기 열분해 챔버의 상기 제2 단부로 이동시켜서 상기 바이오매스를 열분해하고 합성가스 및 바이오차를 생성하는 단계;
(d) 상기 바이오차를 상기 열분해 챔버로부터 상기 바이오차 출구를 통하여 제거하는 단계; 및
(e) 상기 합성가스를 상기 제2 단부로부터 상기 제1 단부로 향하는 방향으로 이동시켜서 상기 가스 출구를 통해 제거되도록 하여, 상기 바이오매스를 처리하는 단계;를 포함하는,
바이오매스 처리 방법. - 제 12 항에 있어서, 바이오차 플러그가 상기 바이오차 출구에 형성되는, 바이오매스 처리 방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 충전 바이오매스(packed biomass)가 상기 열분해 챔버에 형성되는, 바이오매스 처리 방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서, 합성가스가 상기 충전 바이오매스에 의해 여과되는, 바이오매스 처리 방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 상기 바이오매스가 연속적으로 처리되는, 바이오매스 처리 방법.
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