KR102446269B1 - 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102446269B1 KR102446269B1 KR1020170120353A KR20170120353A KR102446269B1 KR 102446269 B1 KR102446269 B1 KR 102446269B1 KR 1020170120353 A KR1020170120353 A KR 1020170120353A KR 20170120353 A KR20170120353 A KR 20170120353A KR 102446269 B1 KR102446269 B1 KR 102446269B1
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- active material
- lithium
- metal oxide
- secondary battery
- oxide particles
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 M2' and M3' are Co Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 67
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018279 LaSrMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical class [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 예시적인 실시예들에 따라 제조된 제1 양극 활물질 입자의 농도 구배 측정 위치를 개략적으로 도시한 단면도이다.
도 3은 예시적인 실시예들에 따라 제조된 제1 양극 활물질 입자의 단면 사진이다.
도 4는 비교예에서 사용된 리튬-금속산화물 입자의 단면 사진이다.
위치(번호) | Ni의 몰비 | Co의 몰비 | Mn의 몰비 |
1 | 77.97 | 10.07 | 11.96 |
2 | 80.98 | 9.73 | 9.29 |
3 | 82.68 | 10.32 | 7 |
4 | 82.6 | 10 | 7.4 |
5 | 82.55 | 10.37 | 7.07 |
6 | 83.24 | 10.86 | 5.9 |
7 | 84.33 | 10.83 | 4.84 |
구분 | 제1 양극 활물질 입자 | 제2 양극 활물질 입자 D50(3㎛) NCM523 블렌딩비율(wt%) |
수명 유지율 (%) |
관통 평가 |
실시예 1 | CAM10 | 10 | 83.1 | 발화 |
실시예 2 | CAM10 | 20 | 84 | 발화 |
실시예 3 | CAM10 | 30 | 84.8 | 발화 |
실시예 4 | CAM10 | 40 | 86.3 | 발화 |
실시예 5 | CAM10 | 50 | 87.2 | 미발화 |
실시예 6 | CAM10 | 60 | 87.9 | 미발화 |
실시예 7 | CAM10 | 70 | 89.1 | 미발화 |
실시예 8 | CAM10 | 80 | 89.9 | 미발화 |
실시예 9 | CAM10 | 90 | 91 | 미발화 |
비교예 1 | CAM10 | 0 | 81.8 | 발화 |
비교예 2 | CAM20 | 0 | 69.8 | 발화 |
비교예 3 | CAM20 | 10 | 70.5 | 발화 |
비교예 4 | CAM20 | 20 | 70.7 | 발화 |
비교예 5 | CAM20 | 30 | 71.4 | 발화 |
비교예 6 | CAM20 | 40 | 71.5 | 발화 |
비교예 7 | CAM20 | 50 | 72 | 발화 |
비교예 8 | CAM20 | 60 | 72.5 | 발화 |
비교예 9 | CAM20 | 70 | 72.7 | 발화 |
비교예 10 | CAM20 | 80 | 73.3 | 발화 |
비교예 11 | CAM20 | 90 | 73.8 | 미발화 |
구분 | 제1 양극 활물질 입자 | 제2 양극 활물질 입자 D50(4.5㎛) NCM523 블렌딩비율(wt%) |
수명 유지율 (%) |
관통 평가 |
실시예 10 | CAM10 | 10 | 82.9 | 발화 |
실시예 11 | CAM10 | 20 | 84.4 | 발화 |
실시예 12 | CAM10 | 30 | 85 | 미발화 |
실시예 13 | CAM10 | 40 | 86.3 | 미발화 |
실시예 14 | CAM10 | 50 | 87.5 | 미발화 |
실시예 15 | CAM10 | 60 | 88.4 | 미발화 |
실시예 16 | CAM10 | 70 | 89.9 | 미발화 |
실시예 17 | CAM10 | 80 | 90.9 | 미발화 |
실시예 18 | CAM10 | 90 | 91.7 | 미발화 |
비교예 1 | CAM10 | 0 | 82.1 | 발화 |
비교예 2 | CAM20 | 0 | 69.8 | 발화 |
비교예 12 | CAM20 | 10 | 70.7 | 발화 |
비교예 13 | CAM20 | 20 | 70.9 | 발화 |
비교예 14 | CAM20 | 30 | 71.5 | 발화 |
비교예 15 | CAM20 | 40 | 71.7 | 발화 |
비교예 16 | CAM20 | 50 | 72.4 | 발화 |
비교예 17 | CAM20 | 60 | 72.9 | 발화 |
비교예 18 | CAM20 | 70 | 73.3 | 발화 |
비교예 19 | CAM20 | 80 | 73.6 | 발화 |
비교예 20 | CAM20 | 90 | 74 | 미발화 |
구분 | 제1 양극 활물질 입자 | 제2 양극 활물질 입자 D50(7㎛) NCM523 블렌딩비율(wt%) |
수명 유지율 (%) |
관통 평가 |
실시예 19 | CAM10 | 10 | 83.3 | 발화 |
실시예 20 | CAM10 | 20 | 84.5 | 발화 |
실시예 21 | CAM10 | 30 | 85.2 | 미발화 |
실시예 22 | CAM10 | 40 | 86.7 | 미발화 |
실시예 23 | CAM10 | 50 | 87.6 | 미발화 |
실시예 24 | CAM10 | 60 | 88.9 | 미발화 |
실시예 25 | CAM10 | 70 | 90.3 | 미발화 |
실시예 26 | CAM10 | 80 | 91.1 | 미발화 |
실시예 27 | CAM10 | 90 | 92.2 | 미발화 |
비교예 1 | CAM10 | 0 | 82.2 | 발화 |
비교예 2 | CAM20 | 0 | 69.8 | 발화 |
비교예 21 | CAM20 | 10 | 70.4 | 발화 |
비교예 22 | CAM20 | 20 | 71.1 | 발화 |
비교예 23 | CAM20 | 30 | 71.7 | 발화 |
비교예 24 | CAM20 | 40 | 72 | 발화 |
비교예 25 | CAM20 | 50 | 72.8 | 발화 |
비교예 26 | CAM20 | 60 | 73.1 | 발화 |
비교예 27 | CAM20 | 70 | 73.7 | 발화 |
비교예 28 | CAM20 | 80 | 74.1 | 미발화 |
비교예 29 | CAM20 | 90 | 74.4 | 미발화 |
구분 | 제1 양극 활물질 입자 | 제2 양극 활물질 입자 D50(10㎛) NCM523 블렌딩비율(wt%) |
수명 유지율 (%) |
관통 평가 |
실시예 28 | CAM10 | 10 | 83.1 | 발화 |
실시예 29 | CAM10 | 20 | 84.4 | 발화 |
실시예 30 | CAM10 | 30 | 85.7 | 미발화 |
실시예 31 | CAM10 | 40 | 86.9 | 미발화 |
실시예 32 | CAM10 | 50 | 88.2 | 미발화 |
실시예 33 | CAM10 | 60 | 89.6 | 미발화 |
실시예 34 | CAM10 | 70 | 90.6 | 미발화 |
실시예 35 | CAM10 | 80 | 92.1 | 미발화 |
실시예 36 | CAM10 | 90 | 93.4 | 미발화 |
비교예 1 | CAM10 | 0 | 81.8 | 발화 |
비교예 2 | CAM20 | 0 | 69.8 | 발화 |
비교예 30 | CAM20 | 10 | 70.7 | 발화 |
비교예 31 | CAM20 | 20 | 71.1 | 발화 |
비교예 32 | CAM20 | 30 | 71.8 | 발화 |
비교예 33 | CAM20 | 40 | 72 | 발화 |
비교예 34 | CAM20 | 50 | 72.8 | 발화 |
비교예 35 | CAM20 | 60 | 73.1 | 발화 |
비교예 36 | CAM20 | 70 | 74.1 | 미발화 |
비교예 37 | CAM20 | 80 | 74.5 | 미발화 |
비교예 38 | CAM20 | 90 | 75 | 미발화 |
구분 | 제1 양극 활물질 입자 | 제2 양극 활물질 입자 D50(15㎛) NCM523 블렌딩비율(wt%) |
수명 유지율 (%) |
관통 평가 |
실시예 37 | CAM10 | 10 | 83.1 | 발화 |
실시예 38 | CAM10 | 20 | 84.7 | 발화 |
실시예 39 | CAM10 | 30 | 86 | 미발화 |
실시예 40 | CAM10 | 40 | 87.3 | 미발화 |
실시예 41 | CAM10 | 50 | 88.6 | 미발화 |
실시예 42 | CAM10 | 60 | 89.6 | 미발화 |
실시예 43 | CAM10 | 70 | 91 | 미발화 |
실시예 44 | CAM10 | 80 | 92.3 | 미발화 |
실시예 45 | CAM10 | 90 | 93.8 | 미발화 |
비교예 1 | CAM10 | 0 | 81.9 | 발화 |
비교예 2 | CAM20 | 0 | 69.8 | 발화 |
비교예 39 | CAM20 | 10 | 70.3 | 발화 |
비교예 40 | CAM20 | 20 | 71.1 | 발화 |
비교예 41 | CAM20 | 30 | 71.9 | 발화 |
비교예 42 | CAM20 | 40 | 72.4 | 발화 |
비교예 43 | CAM20 | 50 | 72.9 | 발화 |
비교예 44 | CAM20 | 60 | 73.7 | 발화 |
비교예 45 | CAM20 | 70 | 74 | 미발화 |
비교예 46 | CAM20 | 80 | 75.1 | 미발화 |
비교예 47 | CAM20 | 90 | 75.5 | 미발화 |
120: 음극 집전체 125: 음극 활물질 층
130: 양극 140: 음극
150: 분리막 160: 전극 셀
170: 외장 케이스
Claims (15)
- 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자 및 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자를 포함하는 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
음극; 및
상기 양극 및 상기 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막을 포함하고,
상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 Ni을 함유하며, Ni은 상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자의 중심부로부터 표면까지 연속적인 농도 경사를 갖고,
상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 Ni을 함유하며, Ni은 상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자의 중심부로부터 표면까지 균일한 농도를 갖고,
상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자의 평균 입경(D50)은 4.5 내지 15 ㎛이고,
상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자 및 상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자의 혼합 중량비는 7:3 내지 1:9인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 상기 중심부로부터 상기 표면까지 연속적으로 농도가 감소하는 제1 금속 및 상기 중심부로부터 상기 표면까지 연속적으로 농도가 증가하는 제2 금속을 함유하고,
상기 제1 금속은 Ni인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 상기 중심부로부터 상기 표면까지 농도가 일정한 제3 금속을 더 함유하는, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 3에 있어서, 상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는, 리튬 이차 전지:
[화학식 1]
LixM1aM2bM3cOy
(화학식 1중, M1, M2 및 M3은 각각 상기 제1 금속, 상기 제2 금속 및 상기 제3 금속을 나타내며, M1은 Ni이고, M2 및 M3는 각각 Co, Mn, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga 및 B로 이루어진 군에서 선택되고, 0<x≤1.1, 2≤y≤2.02, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, 0<a+b+c≤1임).
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 화학식 1에 있어서 0.6≤a≤0.95 및 0.05≤b+c≤0.4인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 화학식 1에 있어서 0.7≤a≤0.9 및 0.1≤b+c≤0.3 인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 제2 금속은 망간(Mn)이며, 상기 제3 금속은 코발트(Co)인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는, 리튬 이차 전지:
[화학식 2]
LixM1'aM2'bM3'cOy
(화학식 2 중, M1'은 Ni이고, M2' 및 M3'은 Co, Mn, Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Ag, Ba, Zr, Nb, Mo, Al, Ga, W 및 B로 이루어진 군에서 선택되며, 0<x≤1.1, 2≤y≤2.02, 0<a+b+c≤1, 0.48≤a≤0.52 0.18≤b≤0.22 및 0.28≤c≤0.32임).
- 청구항 8에 있어서, 상기 화학식 2에 있어서 0.49≤a≤0.51, 0.19≤b≤0.21 및 0.29≤c≤0.31인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 8에 있어서, 상기 화학식 2에 있어서 M2' 및 M3'은 각각 코발트(Co) 및 망간(Mn)인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자에 있어서, 니켈, 코발트 및 망간의 몰비는 5:2:3인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 삭제
- 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자 및 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자를 포함하는 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
음극; 및
상기 양극 및 상기 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막을 포함하고,
상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 Ni을 함유하며, Ni은 상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자의 중심부로부터 표면까지 연속적인 농도 경사를 갖고,
상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자는 Ni을 함유하며, Ni은 상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자의 중심부로부터 표면까지 균일한 농도를 갖고,
상기 제1 리튬 금속 산화물 입자 및 상기 제2 리튬 금속 산화물 입자의 혼합 중량비가 5:5 내지 1:9인, 리튬 이차 전지.
- 삭제
- 삭제
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