KR102377348B1 - 개선된 용융 연료 원자로 열 관리 구성 - Google Patents
개선된 용융 연료 원자로 열 관리 구성 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102377348B1 KR102377348B1 KR1020187034812A KR20187034812A KR102377348B1 KR 102377348 B1 KR102377348 B1 KR 102377348B1 KR 1020187034812 A KR1020187034812 A KR 1020187034812A KR 20187034812 A KR20187034812 A KR 20187034812A KR 102377348 B1 KR102377348 B1 KR 102377348B1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 259
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 248
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 101100496858 Mus musculus Colec12 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCl SNMVRZFUUCLYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 fissile elements Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000909 Lead-bismuth eutectic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MWFSXYMZCVAQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) nitrate Chemical compound [Gd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MWFSXYMZCVAQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MELCCCHYSRGEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium diboride Chemical compound [Hf]1B=B1 MELCCCHYSRGEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUSUJSHEOICGOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum rhenium Chemical compound [Mo].[Mo].[Re].[Re].[Re] YUSUJSHEOICGOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WEQHQGJDZLDFID-UHFFFAOYSA-J thorium(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Th](Cl)(Cl)Cl WEQHQGJDZLDFID-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical class [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZFRHHGRNOIMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-J uranium(4+);tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[U](F)(F)F MZFRHHGRNOIMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/14—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being substantially not pressurised, e.g. swimming-pool reactor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/32—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core
- G21C1/326—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core wherein the heat exchanger is disposed next to or beside the core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/02—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders
- G21C1/03—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders cooled by a coolant not essentially pressurised, e.g. pool-type reactors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/22—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated using liquid or gaseous fuel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/32—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core
- G21C1/328—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core wherein the prime mover is also disposed in the vessel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C11/00—Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
- G21C11/06—Reflecting shields, i.e. for minimising loss of neutrons
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/243—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/243—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
- G21C15/25—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids using jet pumps
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/26—Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/24—Fuel elements with fissile or breeder material in fluid form within a non-active casing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/44—Fluid or fluent reactor fuel
- G21C3/54—Fused salt, oxide or hydroxide compositions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
- G21C5/14—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator characterised by shape
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 1은 용융 연료 원자로의 기본 구성 요소의 일부를 블록도로 도시한다.
도 2a 내지 도 2c는 연료 루프 주위에 연료 염을 순환시키기 위해 자연 순환만을 사용하는 원자로의 실시예의 다른 도면을 나타낸다.
도 3은 원자로 노심이 상단에서보다 바닥에서 더 큰 자연 순환하는 핵분열 원자로 노심에 대한 개선된 구성의 실시예를 도시한다.
도 4는 절두 원추형 원자로 노심 설계의 다른 실시예를 도시한다.
도 5는 자연 순환하는 원자로 노심에 적합한 십각형 피라미드(10-측면의 피라미드) 원자로 노심의 절두체를 도시한다.
도 6a 내지 도 6c는 격납 용기의 능동 냉각을 1 차 냉각제 루프로 통합시키는 원자로 설계의 실시예를 도시한다.
도 7은 능동 용기 냉각을 위한 방법의 실시예의 흐름도이다.
도 8은 쉘-측 연료 열 교환기 구성을 갖는 원자로의 일 실시예를 도시한다.
도 9는 도 8의 원자로의 대안적인 실시예를 도시한다.
도 10은 단일 튜브 시트가 원자로 노심 위에 위치되는 쉘-측 연료, U-튜브 열 교환기 구성을 갖는 원자로의 일 실시예를 도시한다.
도 11은 단일 튜브 시트가 원자로 내에 있지만 원자로 노심로부터 떨어진 위치에 측 방향으로 장착되는 쉘-측 연료, U-튜브 열 교환기 구성을 갖는 원자로의 일 실시예를 도시한다.
도 12a 및 도 12b는 방사상 루프 원자로로 지칭되는 대안적인 원자로 설계를 도시한다.
Claims (41)
- 용융 연료 염 원자로에서 격납 용기 및 연료 염을 능동 냉각(active cooling)하기 위한 냉각 방법으로서,
저온 1 차 냉각제를 상기 격납 용기의 제 1 부분에 인접한 상기 격납 용기 내로 유동시키고, 이에 의해 상기 제 1 부분을 직접적으로 냉각하는 단계;
저온 1 차 냉각제를 상기 격납 용기 내의 그리고 상기 격납 용기로부터 이격된 열 교환기 내로 유동시키는 단계 - 상기 열 교환기는 냉각된 연료 염을 배출함 - ;
배출된 냉각된 연료 염을 상기 격납 용기의 제 2 부분에 인접한 채널을 통과하도록 라우팅하고, 이에 의해 상기 제 2 부분을 직접적으로 냉각하는 단계; 및
냉각된 연료 염을 중성자 리플렉터에 인접한 채널을 통과하도록 라우팅하고, 이에 의해 상기 중성자 리플렉터를 냉각하는 단계
를 포함하고,
상기 중성자 리플렉터를 냉각하는 것이 상기 격납 용기의 제 3 부분을 간접적으로 냉각하도록, 상기 냉각된 중성자 리플렉터는 상기 격납 용기의 제 3 부분에 인접하며,
상기 제 1 부분은 격납 용기의 측면 부분이고, 상기 제 3 부분은 격납 용기의 바닥 부분이며, 상기 제 2 부분은 상기 제 1 부분과 상기 제 3 부분의 연결 부분인 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 저온 1 차 냉각제를 상기 격납 용기 내로 유동시키는 단계는,
상기 저온 1 차 냉각제를, 상기 격납 용기의 상기 제 1 부분에 열적으로 연결된, 상기 격납 용기 내부의 냉각제 입구 덕트를 통해 유동시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 저온 1 차 냉각제를 상기 격납 용기 내로 유동시키는 단계는,
상기 저온 1 차 냉각제를, 상기 격납 용기 내부의 냉각제 입구 덕트를 통해 열 교환기의 냉각된 연료 염 출구에 인접한 열 교환기 냉각제 입구로 유동시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법. - 삭제
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 연료 염은 적어도 하나의 핵분열성 염과 적어도 하나의 비핵분열성 염의 혼합물인 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 연료 염은 다음의 핵분열성 염들: UF6, UF4, UF3, ThCl4, UBr3, UBr4, PuCl3, UCl4, UCl3, UCl3F 및 UCl2F2 중 하나 이상을 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 연료 염은 다음의 비핵분열성 염들: NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, BaCl2, KCl, SrCl2, VCl3, CrCl3, TiCl4, ZrCl4, ThCl4, AcCl3, NpCl4, AmCl3, LaCl3, CeCl3, PrCl3 및 NdCl3 중 하나 이상을 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 연료 염은 UCl4, UCl3, 그리고 NaCl 및 MgCl2 중 어느 하나 또는 양자 모두의 혼합물인 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 격납 용기는 내부 표면을 갖고, 상기 저온 1 차 냉각제를 격납 용기 내로 유동시키는 단계는 상기 저온 1 차 냉각제를 상기 격납 용기의 제 1 부분에 있는 격납 용기의 상기 내부 표면과 접촉시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 격납 용기는 내부 표면을 갖고, 상기 배출된 냉각된 연료 염을 상기 격납 용기의 제 2 부분에 인접한 채널을 통과하도록 라우팅하는 단계는 상기 냉각된 연료 염을 상기 격납 용기의 제 2 부분에 있는 격납 용기의 상기 내부 표면과 접촉시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 격납 용기는 내부 표면을 갖고, 상기 냉각된 연료 염을 중성자 리플렉터에 인접한 채널을 통과하도록 라우팅하는 단계는 상기 냉각된 연료 염을 중성자 리플렉터와 접촉시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 상기 중성자 리플렉터는 상기 격납 용기의 제 3 부분에 있는 격납 용기의 상기 내부 표면과 접촉하는 것인, 냉각 방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 열 교환기로부터 배출된 가열된 1 차 냉각제를 입구 덕트에 대해 내부에 있는 출구 덕트를 통해 유동시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 냉각 방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 입구 덕트의 적어도 하나의 측면은 상기 격납 용기에 의해 형성되는 것인, 냉각 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 격납 용기의 제 2 부분에 인접한 채널의 적어도 하나의 측면은 상기 격납 용기에 의해 형성되는 것인, 냉각 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 격납 용기의 제 1 부분은 상기 격납 용기의 상단으로부터 수직방향으로 상기 열 교환기의 냉각된 연료 염 배출 출구까지 연장되는 것인, 냉각 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 열 교환기는 쉘 내에 복수 개의 튜브를 갖는 쉘 및 튜브 열 교환기(shell and tube heat exchanger)이고, 상기 냉각 방법은
상기 저온 1 차 냉각제를 쉘 및 튜브 열 교환기의 쉘 내로 유동시키는 단계; 및
연료 염을 상기 쉘 및 튜브 열 교환기의 튜브를 통해 유동시키는 단계
를 더 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 용융 연료 염 원자로는
원자로 노심의 상단을 획정하는 상부 중성자 리플렉터;
상기 원자로 노심의 바닥을 획정하는 하부 중성자 리플렉터;
상기 원자로 노심의 측면을 획정하는 적어도 하나의 내부 중성자 리플렉터; 및
원자로 노심의 가열된 연료 염 출구 아래의 열 교환기 연료 염 입구에서 가열된 연료 염을 수용하고, 상기 연료 염으로부터 냉각제로 열을 전달하고, 원자로 노심의 냉각된 연료 염 입구에 유체 연결된 열 교환기 연료 염 출구에서 냉각된 연료 염을 배출하는 적어도 하나의 열 교환기
를 포함하는 것인, 냉각 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 저온 1 차 냉각제는 NaCl-MgCl2인 것인, 냉각 방법.
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