KR102256751B1 - 코어 쉘 촉매 및 산소 환원 방법 - Google Patents
코어 쉘 촉매 및 산소 환원 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102256751B1 KR102256751B1 KR1020197023868A KR20197023868A KR102256751B1 KR 102256751 B1 KR102256751 B1 KR 102256751B1 KR 1020197023868 A KR1020197023868 A KR 1020197023868A KR 20197023868 A KR20197023868 A KR 20197023868A KR 102256751 B1 KR102256751 B1 KR 102256751B1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 244
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 106
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 46
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 97
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 51
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 46
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 46
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 46
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 44
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 43
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 40
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- -1 Pt ML Ag Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O oxonium Chemical compound [OH3+] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 4
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000001408 Carbon monoxide poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000731 high angular annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940097156 peroxyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0233—Chemical processing only
- C01B13/024—Chemical processing only by reduction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 산소 환원 반응에서 퍼옥시 해리의 반응 경로를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 3은 산소 환원 반응에서 과산화수소 해리의 반응 경로를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 4는 FCC 구조에서 (111)면을 (111)면의 법선 방향에서 바라본 도면이다.
도 5는 Pt, PtMLAg 및 PtMLPd에 대하여, FCC 구조의 (111)면에서 각각의 흡착 사이트에 대한 산소 원자의 흡착 에너지의 산출 결과를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 6은 PtMLAg의 (111)면을 (111)면의 법선 방향에서 바라본 경우의 산소 분자의 흡착 사이트를 나타내는 도면이며, (a)~(c)는 각각, H-B-F사이트, H-T-F 사이트 및 F-NT-F사이트를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 7은 PtMLAg의 (111)면에서 산소 분자의 흡착 반응의 포텐셜 에너지-곡면을 나타내는 도면이며, (a)~(c)는 각각, H-B-F사이트, H-T-F사이트 및 F-NT-F사이트 에서의 포텐셜 에너지-곡면을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 8은 도 7의 (a)에 나타낸 경로 I에서 산소 분자의 해리 흡착 반응이 진행되는 경우에서의 Pt와 산소 원자의 위치 관계의 추이를 나타내는 도면이며, (a)는 분자상 흡착 상태, (b)는 활성화 상태, (c)는 해리 상태, (d)는 안정화 상태를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 9는 도 7의 (b)에 나타낸 경로 J에서 산소 분자의 해리 흡착 반응이 진행되는 경우에서의 Pt와 산소 원자의 위치 관계의 추이를 나타내는 도면이며, (a)는 분자상 흡착 상태, (b)는 활성화 상태, (c)는 해리 흡착 상태를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 10은 도 6의 (c)에 나타낸, F-NT-F 사이트에 산소 분자가 분자상 흡착되어 있는 상태로부터 해리 흡착 반응이 진행되는 경우에서의 Pt와 산소 원자의 위치 관계의 추이를 나타내는 도면이며, (a)는 분자상 흡착 상태, (b)는 활성화 상태, (c)는 해리 흡착 상태를 나타내고 있다.
도 11은 PtMLAg의 (111)면에서의 H-B-F 사이트, H-T-F 사이트 및 F-NT-F 사이트에, 각각 산소 분자가 산소 원자로 해리되어 흡착된 경우의 흡착 에너지, 활성화 장벽, 산소 원자간 거리의 산출 결과를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 12는 촉매 표면 상에 흡착된 산소 원자에 히드로늄 이온으로부터 프로톤이 전달되는 과정을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 13은 PtMLAg의 (111)면에서 OH 형성의 포텐셜 에너지의 계산 결과를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 14는 PtMLAg의 (111)면에서, 형성한 OH의 근방에 존재하는 산소 원자에 대한 OH 형성의 포텐셜 에너지의 계산 결과를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 15는 촉매 표면에 복수의 OH가 형성되어 있는 경우에 FCC 구조에서의 (111)면을 (111)면의 법선 방향에서 바라본 도면이며, (a)~(c)는 각각, Pt, PtMLAg 및 PtMLPd의 (111)면을 나타내는 도면이다.
도 16은 Pt, PtMLPd 및 PtMLAg의 (111)면에서 H2O 형성의 포텐셜 에너지의 계산 결과를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 17은 Pt, PtMLPd 및 PtMLAg의 (111)면에서, 산소 해리 공정, OH 형성 공정, 및 H2O 형성 공정의 활성화 장벽의 크기를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 18의 (a)는 백금의 (111)면의 표면에서의 상태 밀도를 나타내는 도면이며, (b)는 PtMLAg의 (111)면의 표면에서의 상태 밀도를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 19는 FCC 구조에서의 (001)면을 (001)면의 법선 방향에서 바라본 도면이다.
도 20은 PtMLAg의 (001)면에서의 H-T-H 사이트, H-B-H 사이트, B-B 사이트 및 T-B-T 사이트에 대하여, 각각 산소 분자가 산소 원자로 해리되어 흡착되는 경우의 흡착 에너지의 변화를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 21은 PtMLAg의 (001)면에서의 OH 형성의 포텐셜 에너지의 계산 결과를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 22는 Pt 및 PtMLAg의 (001)면에서의 H2O 형성의 포텐셜 에너지의 계산 결과를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 23은 Pt, PtMLAg 및 PtMLPd의 (001)면에서의 산소 해리 공정, OH 형성 공정 및 H2O 형성 공정의 활성화 장벽의 크기를 나타내는 도면이다.
Claims (5)
- 은을 코어에 포함하고, 백금을 쉘 층에 포함하는 산소 환원 반응에 이용하는 코어 쉘 촉매로서,
상기 코어와 상기 쉘 층의 계면에서 상기 코어의 최외층의 은 원자가 면심 입방 격자의 (111)면을 형성하고 있으며,
상기 은 원자에 의해 형성된 (111)면의 표면에 적층되고, 상기 쉘 층을 구성하는 복수의 백금 원자에 의해 면심 입방 격자의 (111)면이 형성되어 있음과 함께,
상기 쉘 층에서 최근접 백금 원자간의 거리가 2.81Å~2.95Å인 것을 특징으로 하는 코어 쉘 촉매. - 은을 코어에 포함하고, 백금을 쉘 층에 포함하는 산소 환원 반응에 이용하는 코어 쉘 촉매로서,
상기 코어와 상기 쉘 층의 계면에서 상기 코어의 최외층의 은 원자가 면심 입방 격자의 (001)면을 형성하고 있으며,
상기 은 원자에 의해 형성된 (001)면의 표면에 적층되고, 상기 쉘 층을 구성하는 복수의 백금 원자에 의해 면심 입방 격자의 (001)면이 형성되어 있음과 함께,
상기 쉘 층에서 최근접 백금 원자간의 거리가 2.81Å~2.95Å인 것을 특징으로 하는 코어 쉘 촉매. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 쉘 층은 1~3 원자층인 것을 특징으로 하는 코어 쉘 촉매. - 제2항에 있어서,
상기 쉘 층은 1~3 원자층인 것을 특징으로 하는 코어 쉘 촉매. - 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 코어 쉘 촉매를 이용하는 산소 환원 방법으로서,
상기 (111)면 또는 (001)면에 산소 분자가 산소 원자로 해리되어 흡착되는 공정;
상기 (111)면 또는 (001)면에 흡착된 산소 원자와 프로톤을 반응시켜 물 분자를 형성하는 공정; 및
상기 (111)면 또는 (001)면으로부터 물 분자를 이탈시키는 공정;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 산소 환원 방법.
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PCT/JP2017/030982 WO2018131206A1 (ja) | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-29 | コアシェル触媒および酸素還元方法 |
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JP7063376B1 (ja) | 2020-12-22 | 2022-05-09 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | 酸素還元反応用のコアシェル触媒及び触媒の設計方法 |
CN113270601B (zh) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-04-01 | 燕山大学 | 双元素Pt/PdPt/Pt夹层管壁多孔纳米管的制备方法及多孔纳米管 |
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JP2012041581A (ja) | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-01 | Sony Corp | コアシェル型微粒子及びこれを用いた機能デバイス |
JP2014516465A (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2014-07-10 | ユーティーシー パワー コーポレイション | 形状制御コアシェル触媒 |
JP2015202434A (ja) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-11-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒微粒子及びカーボン担持触媒の各製造方法 |
JP2015534244A (ja) * | 2012-10-22 | 2015-11-26 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトAudi Ag | 非白金コアを有する白金合金ナノ触媒 |
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JP2010092799A (ja) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-22 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒 |
JP2013163137A (ja) | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-22 | Sony Corp | コア・シェル型触媒、電極及び燃料電池 |
JP6116000B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-18 | 2017-04-19 | 学校法人同志社 | 白金コアシェル触媒の製造方法及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
JP2016108635A (ja) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-20 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 貴金属含有ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 |
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JP2012041581A (ja) | 2010-08-17 | 2012-03-01 | Sony Corp | コアシェル型微粒子及びこれを用いた機能デバイス |
JP2014516465A (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2014-07-10 | ユーティーシー パワー コーポレイション | 形状制御コアシェル触媒 |
JP2015534244A (ja) * | 2012-10-22 | 2015-11-26 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトAudi Ag | 非白金コアを有する白金合金ナノ触媒 |
JP2015202434A (ja) | 2014-04-11 | 2015-11-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 触媒微粒子及びカーボン担持触媒の各製造方法 |
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