KR102053406B1 - Data storage device and operating method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present technology provides a data storage device that uses information on a file managed by a host device to process a request from the host device, and a method of operating the same.
The data storage device according to the present technology includes a storage device for storing file information transferred from a host device, and a controller for processing a request for a semiconductor memory device from the host device with reference to the storage device.

Description

DATA STORAGE DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a data storage device and a method of operating the same, and more particularly, to a data storage device and a method of operating the same, which use information about files managed by the host device to process a request from the host device.

The flash memory device is a kind of nonvolatile memory device and is controlled by a flash translation layer (FTL) to process a request from a host device.

Generally, file information used by the host device is not provided to the memory device. Accordingly, the flash memory device may store data corresponding to different files in the same block.

If data belonging to different files is stored in one block, some files are deleted over time and some files remain intact, such as the increase in the number of blocks with a mixture of valid and invalid pages. do.

This increases the likelihood that the flash memory device will frequently perform garbage collection operations. In addition, when data is randomly stored, the invalid page rate is relatively low in the victim block in which garbage collection is to be performed, and thus, garbage collection operation may be expensive.

In some cases, a trim command is provided by a host device to secure a storage space of a flash memory device. However, the trim command alone cannot solve the aforementioned performance degradation problem caused by data distribution.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a data storage device using the information about a file managed by the host device to process a request from the host device and a method of operating the same.

A data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a memory device for storing file information transferred from a host device and a controller for processing a request for a semiconductor memory device from the host device with reference to the memory device.

 In the data storage device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the memory device may store physical address information of the semiconductor memory device associated with the file information.

In the data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the request may include requested file information.

In a data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the file information may include a file identification number managed by the host device.

In the data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller may check a physical address associated with the requested file information with reference to the memory device and process a request for the identified physical address.

If there is no free space in the identified physical address when the request is a write request in the data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller may associate the new physical address with the requested file information and process the request for the new physical address. .

If the file information requested in the data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention does not exist in the storage device, the controller may add the requested file information to the storage device and associate a new physical address with the requested file information.

When the request is a deletion request in the data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the controller may delete the requested file information and the physical address information associated with the requested file information from the storage device.

A host device according to an embodiment of the present invention may provide file information to a data storage device.

The host device according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include a file information management unit for updating file information when a file is created or deleted.

In the host device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the file information may include a file identification number managed by the host device.

In the host device according to an embodiment of the present invention, file information may be provided together when the request is transmitted to the data storage device.

A system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a data storage device and a host device for providing file information to the data storage device, wherein the data storage device is a semiconductor memory device, a storage device for storing file information provided from the host device, and a storage device. The controller may include a controller configured to process a request for a semiconductor memory device from a host device.

A method of operating a data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include receiving a write request from a host device, checking a physical address of a semiconductor memory device associated with write requested file information, and writing a request to the identified physical address. It may include the step of processing.

A method of operating a data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include associating a new physical address with file information when there is no free space in the identified physical address and processing a write request for the new physical address. Can be.

In the method of operating a data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the file information may include a file identification number managed by the host device.

A method of operating a data storage device according to another embodiment of the present invention may include receiving a deletion request from a host device and deleting file information requested for deletion.

In the method of operating a data storage device according to another embodiment of the present invention, the file information may include a file identification number for identifying a file managed by the host device.

The present technology can improve the performance of a data storage device by using information about a file managed by the host device to process a request from the host device.

1 is a block diagram of a host device and a data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2A and 2B are examples of message formats provided to a data storage device by a host device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is an example of file information managed by a host device.
4 is a data structure including file information stored in a storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a host device according to an embodiment of the present invention when a file is generated.
6 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a host device according to an embodiment of the present invention when modifying a file.
7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention in the case of a write request.
8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a host device according to an embodiment of the present invention when deleting a file.
9 is a flowchart illustrating a processing operation of a data storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention in the case of a file information deletion request.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers hereinafter refer to substantially the same components.

1 illustrates a system including a host device 100 and a data storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The host device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an application program, a file system, a device driver, and a memory device. The application requests a read or write operation on the file system. The file system manages data stored in the data storage device 200 in units of files. One host device 100 may include a plurality of file systems. The device driver transmits a read or write request to the data storage device 200 to process a read or write operation. The memory device is used to temporarily store data in the host device 100.

The host device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a file information management unit 110. The file information manager 110 manages information of all files managed by the host device 100. The structure of the file information managed by the file information management unit 110 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 below.

 The host device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention provides the data storage device 200 with file information managed by the file information management unit 110. The host device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may deliver file information associated with the request while transferring a request such as reading or writing to the data storage device 200.

The data storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention refers to a memory device 210 and a memory device 210 that store file information transmitted from the host device 100, and requests from the host device 100. The control unit 220 to process the.

The memory device 210 may store file information and a physical address of the semiconductor memory device 230 associated with the file information.

The memory device 210 may be implemented as a volatile memory such as DRAM for high speed operation. Data stored in the memory device 210 may be backed up. To this end, a separate nonvolatile memory device (not shown) may be used for backup. In another embodiment, a portion of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory device 230 may be used for backup. The backed up file information may be loaded into the storage device 210 when the host device 100 restarts, when the data storage device 200 is reconnected with the host device 100, or the like.

In the following description, it is assumed that the semiconductor memory device 230 is a flash memory device using page level mapping. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these examples.

First, a structure of the file information managed by the host device 100 and the data stored in the storage device 210 of the data storage device 200 will be described in detail.

2A and 2B illustrate examples of a message format used by the host device 100 to transfer a request to the data storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The message provided to the data storage device 200 from the host device 100 includes a command (CMD) indicating the type of request, address information, file information, and the like. The command includes a command corresponding to a read or write request.

First, the message format shown in FIG. 2A relates to an embodiment in which a command is applied to one file. This is the case, for example, when saving one file with one command.

The address information includes the start logical address (ADDRESS) where the request should be made and the length (LENGTH) of the data.

The file information includes a file identification number (UID). The file identification number (UID) is an identification number used by the host apparatus 100 to distinguish each file, and is managed by the file information management unit 110 of the host apparatus 100. An example of a file identification number (UID) is shown in FIG.

The data storage device 200 according to the present exemplary embodiment may use the file identification number (UID) for a write or delete command, but may ignore the file identification number (UID) in the case of a read command.

The message format shown in FIG. 2B then relates to an embodiment where the command is applied to more than one file. For example, if you save more than one file with one command.

The message format shown in FIG. 2B includes a plurality of start addresses ADDRESS N corresponding to each of the files File 1 to File N, data length LENGTH 1 to LENGTH N, and file identification numbers UID 1 to UID. Similar to that shown in FIG. 2A except that it includes N).

The data storage device 200 receiving a message having a format as shown in FIG. 2B may process a command CMD in series or in parallel with respect to a plurality of files FILE 1 to FILE N included in the message.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of processing an instruction on one file will be described as shown in FIG. However, those skilled in the art can also easily see an embodiment of processing a command on a plurality of files as shown in FIG. 2B by referring to and expanding the disclosure thereof.

3 shows an example of file information managed by the file information management unit 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The file information includes a file identification number (UID). When the host apparatus 100 includes a plurality of file systems, separate numbers A and B are allocated to each file system, and separate file numbers 1233 and the like are allocated to files managed by each file system.

The file identification number (UID) is a file system number (File ID) and a file number (File ID) managed by each file system to individually identify all files managed by the host device 100 regardless of the file system. Can be generated by combining

The method of generating the file identification number (UID) or the specific form of the file identification number may be changed according to an embodiment.

The file information shown in FIG. 3 may be updated when a file is created or deleted in the host device 100. The file information illustrated in FIG. 3 may be stored in, for example, a nonvolatile memory device such as a flash memory or a hard disk and loaded and used in the volatile memory device when the host device 100 is booted.

4 illustrates file information stored in the data storage device 200 and a physical address associated with the same according to an embodiment of the present invention. The file information and the physical address associated with it are stored in the storage device 210.

The file information includes a file identification number (UID). According to an embodiment, the file information may further include other information.

The memory device 210 stores the file identification number UID and the physical address PBA of the semiconductor memory device 230 associated with the file identification number.

As shown in FIG. 4, one file identification number (UID) is associated with one physical address (PBA).

If more than one block is needed to record one file, the physical address (PBA) of the last used block is associated with the file identification number (UID).

A method of generating or deleting a file identification number (UID) or associating a file identification number (UID) with a physical address (PBA) will be described in detail below.

5 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of generating a file in the host device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, a new file is generated in the host device 100 (S110).

Thereafter, the file information management unit 110 of the host device 100 allocates a file number (File ID) in the file system to which the generated file belongs and generates a file identification number (UID) using the file system number and the file number. . Thereafter, the file information shown in FIG. 3 is updated (S120).

The host device 100 provides the file information including the file identification number (UID) and the write request to the data storage device using the message format of the type shown in FIG. 2 (S130).

6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of modifying file data in the host device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.

First, an update request for file data is generated in the host device 100 (S210).

Thereafter, the host device 100 checks a file identification number (UID) corresponding to the corresponding file (S220).

Thereafter, the host device 100 transmits the corresponding file identification number (UID) to the data storage device 200 using the message format shown in FIG. 2 together with the write request (S230).

Since the overwrite operation is impossible when the semiconductor memory device 230 is a flash memory device, a new write request is performed to update file data.

7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of processing a file write request in the data storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The data storage device 200 receives a write request from the host device 100 in operation S310. The format of the message received from the host device 100 is as shown in FIG. 2.

Thereafter, the controller 220 checks whether a file identification number (UID) included in the message having the format shown in FIG. 2 exists in the storage device 210 (S320).

If the received file identification number (UID) does not exist in the storage device 210, the controller 220 stores the requested file identification number in the storage device 210, allocates an empty block, and associates it with the new file identification number. (S370).

If the received file identification number UID exists in the storage device 210, the controller 220 checks the physical address PBA associated with the file identification number UID with reference to the storage device 210 (S330).

The controller 220 checks whether a blank page exists in the physical address PBA currently being used (S340).

If there is no blank page, the controller 220 allocates a new free block and updates the storage device 210 so that the physical address is associated with the file identification number UID (S360). At this time, the currently used physical address becomes the physical address of the newly allocated block.

If there is a blank page, the controller 220 records the requested data in the blank page (S350).

When the write request is processed as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, each block of the semiconductor memory device 230 stores only data associated with the same file.

Therefore, invalid pages generated when a file is deleted or updated are concentrated in a certain block, thereby reducing garbage collection times as compared to the related art, and a relatively high proportion of invalid pages in a victim block selected for garbage collection results in performance due to garbage collection. Deterioration can be reduced.

8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation method when a file is deleted by the host apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.

First, a file is deleted from the host device 100 (S410).

Thereafter, the file information management unit 110 of the host device 100 deletes file information including the file identification number (UID) of the deleted file (S420).

Thereafter, the host device 100 transmits a file information deletion request to the data storage device 200 (S430).

9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of processing a file information deletion request in the data storage device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, the data storage device 200 receives a deletion request (S510).

The controller 220 checks whether the request is a file information deletion request (S520). If the file information deletion request is not completed, the operation ends.

The controller 220 refers to the file information UID included in the message format transmitted from the host device 100 and the file identification number UID corresponding to the storage device 210 with reference to the storage device 210 as shown in FIG. 2. Check if it exists in. If the file identification number (UID) does not exist, the operation ends.

The control unit 220 deletes the file identification number UID from the storage device 210. Accordingly, the association between the corresponding file identification number (UID) and the physical address (PBA) is deleted (S540).

The host device provides the data storage device with a logical address of files deleted through a trim command to invalidate pages associated with the logical address.

According to the present invention, one block is filled with data associated with the same file, so pages marked as invalid by the trim command are concentrated in a certain block.

Accordingly, the present invention can increase the efficiency of the garbage collection operation to be performed subsequent to the trim command.

In the above, the semiconductor memory device 230 has been described using a flash memory device to which page level mapping is applied, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

The present invention includes a technique of improving performance of a data storage device by processing a request from a host device with reference to file information regardless of the specific type of the nonvolatile memory device 230.

The above description is for the purpose of disclosing the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the scope described in the claims and their equivalents.

100: host device
110: file information management unit
200: data storage device
210: memory
220: control unit
230: semiconductor memory device

Claims (26)

A semiconductor memory device including a plurality of physical blocks each including a plurality of physical pages, and to which a plurality of physical addresses for identifying the plurality of physical blocks are allocated;
A storage device for storing file information about a plurality of distinct files transmitted from a host device and mapping information between the plurality of physical addresses;
A controller configured to process a write request to the semiconductor memory device from the host device with reference to the memory device
Including,
The write request includes file information of a file requested to be written,
The controller checks a physical block corresponding to a physical address associated with file information of the write requested file with reference to the mapping information and stores the write requested file in the identified physical block.
The identified physical block does not include a valid physical page corresponding to a file different from the write requested file,
When the host provides a deletion request for a file, the controller selects a physical block corresponding to the file requested to be deleted, invalidates a physical page included in the selected physical block, and corresponds to the deleted requested file in the mapping information. And deleting the information, wherein the selected physical block does not include a valid physical page corresponding to a file different from the requested file for deletion. delete delete The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the file information includes a file identification number managed by the host device. delete The method of claim 1, wherein if there is no free space in the identified physical block, the controller associates a physical address corresponding to a new physical block with file information of the write requested file and processes the write request for the new physical block. Data storage. The physical device of claim 1, wherein, if a physical address associated with file information of the write requested file does not exist in the storage device, the controller adds file information of the write requested file to the storage device and corresponds to a new physical block. A data storage device associating an address with file information of the write requested file. delete delete delete delete delete Data storage devices and
A host device for providing file information about a plurality of files distinguished from each other to the data storage device.
Including, but the data storage device is
A semiconductor memory device including a plurality of physical blocks each including a plurality of physical pages, and to which a plurality of physical addresses for identifying the plurality of physical blocks are allocated;
A storage device for storing file information about the plurality of files provided from the host device and mapping information between the plurality of physical addresses;
A controller configured to process a write request to the semiconductor memory device from the host device with reference to the memory device
Including,
The write request includes file information of a file requested to be written,
The controller checks a physical block corresponding to a physical address associated with file information of the write requested file with reference to the mapping information and stores the write requested file in the identified physical block.
The identified physical block does not include a valid physical page corresponding to a file different from the write requested file,
When the host provides a delete request for a file, the controller selects a physical block corresponding to the file requested to be deleted, invalidates a physical page included in the selected physical block, and corresponds to the deleted requested file in the mapping information. And delete the information, but wherein the selected physical block does not include a valid physical page corresponding to a file different from the requested file for deletion. The system of claim 13, wherein the host device further comprises a file information manager to update file information associated with a file to be created or deleted when the file is created or deleted. delete delete The system of claim 13, wherein the file information includes a file identification number managed by the host device. delete The method of claim 13, wherein when there is no free space in the identified physical block, the controller associates a physical address corresponding to a new physical block with file information of the write requested file and processes the write request for the new physical block. system. The method of claim 13, wherein if the file information of the write requested file does not exist in the storage device, the controller stores the file information of the write requested file in the storage device and writes a physical address corresponding to a new physical block. A system that associates file information with the requested file. delete A method of operating a data storage device including a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of physical blocks each including a plurality of physical pages and assigned a plurality of physical addresses for identifying the plurality of physical blocks.
Receiving file information about a plurality of files distinguished from each other from a host device;
Storing mapping information between the plurality of files and mapping information between the plurality of physical addresses;
Receiving a write request including file information of a file requested to be written from the host device;
Identifying a physical block corresponding to a physical address associated with file information of a file requested to be written by referring to the mapping information;
Processing the write request for the identified physical block;
Receiving a deletion request including file information of a file requested to be deleted from the host device;
Selecting a physical block corresponding to a physical address associated with file information of a file requested to be deleted by referring to the mapping information;
Invalidating a physical page included in the selected physical block; And
Invalidating information corresponding to the file requested to be deleted from the mapping information;
Including,
The identified physical block does not include a valid physical page corresponding to a file different from the write requested file, and the selected physical block does not include a valid physical page corresponding to a file different from the requested file to be deleted. How the device works. The method according to claim 22,
Associating a physical address corresponding to a new physical block with file information of the write requested file when there is no free space in the checked physical block; and
Processing the write request for the new physical block
Operation method of a data storage device further comprising. The method of claim 22, wherein the file information comprises a file identification number managed by the host device. delete delete

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