KR102013799B1 - Cultivation method of mushrooms by supplying nutrient and controlling growth environment to need mushroom growth - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method which prepares biological active nutrients required for mushroom growth in a nutrient solution, supplies the nutrient solution to a mushroom culture medium and adjusts a growth environment. More specifically, 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a mushroom nutrient containing 85 to 92 wt% of mineral concentrated water, 2 to 5 wt% of water dispersion of sulfur, 5 to 10 wt% of water dispersion of illite and 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of kelp powder is mixed with 100 parts by weight of a culture medium. Every cycle selected from a first cycle to 3 to 5 cycles, based on a reduced weight compared to an initial medium form weight or a previous production cycle weight, 0.1 to 0.2 part by weight of the mushroom nutrient is mixed with 100 parts by weight of water supplied in a manner selected from a group of pin-holding, submergence, sprinkling and spraying, and the mixture is supplied. An integrated type measuring sensor is installed at the inside of a mushroom cultivation facility and a controller is installed at the outside of the mushroom cultivation facility in order to adjust temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and illuminance, thereby making optimal temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide content, illuminance and water content in a sawdust medium. The present invention uses the mushroom nutrient, thereby increasing a yield of mushroom, shortening a production cycle and improving quality. Also, taste of the mushroom becomes better, unique smell of the mushroom becomes enriched, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and illuminance can be efficiently controlled during mushroom cultivation, thereby achieving quality improvement and yield increase of the mushroom.

Description

Cultivation method of mushrooms by supplying nutrient and controlling growth environment to need mushroom growth}

The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method for preparing a physiologically active nutrient for mushroom growth in the form of a nutrient solution and supplying to the mushroom medium and controlling the growth environment. More specifically, by preparing a nutrient for activating mushroom growth and mixing it in the medium production process or by using methods such as needle rod, spray, or immersion in the growth stage, to promote the physiological activity, to control the growth environment By installing sensors to measure carbon dioxide, humidity, temperature, and illuminance in the growing room (cultivator) for remote control of the growing environment, the aim is to increase the production of mushrooms, shorten the growing cycle, improve quality, and improve taste and flavor. It relates to a mushroom cultivation method.

Mushrooms (mushroom) belonging to basidiomycete have fruiting bodies that grow and decompose and decompose various organic materials, and are known as important food resources and medicinal plants at the same time. Recently, as the standard of living has improved and the interest in public health has been increasing, attention has been focused on the cultivation of clean agricultural products. Mushrooms are unique in taste and aroma, and contain a lot of protein, vitamins and other inorganic nutrients. Especially, mushrooms contain a large amount of fiber, making them a beauty and health food, as well as constipation and anti-cancer effects.

However, as the rural rural villages and the aging trend of the labor force have deepened, the conventional mushroom cultivation has shown a limit in economic feasibility, and therefore scientific mushroom cultivation farming is urgently required. The conventional mushroom cultivation medium has been developed by using a method of using wood, products based on rice straw, products based on rice straw and rice husk, products based on rice straw or sawdust. In the case of solid wood, solid wood such as oak is not easy to learn and has been a factor in the cost increase. Not only that, it requires a lot of cultivation area, a lot of manpower, and it is difficult to find manpower in a timely manner. Cultivation period is also limited to spring and autumn and takes a long time from 5 to 6 years. In order to improve these disadvantages, artificial media such as sawdust badges, rice straw badgers and rice hull badges, which have been crushed or cut, have been developed.

However, these mediums have a considerable problem in the activation of mushroom hyphae, there is a disadvantage that takes a considerable labor in the mixing, sterilization, inoculation step of artificial medium. In addition, Korean Patent Application No. 90-6943 discloses how to grow oyster mushrooms using as a main ingredient, such as rice straw, rice hull, hardwood sawdust or hardwood branches, etc., and additives of rice bran, gypsum, and lime. Is disclosed. Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 96-931 discloses a method for producing a mushroom cultivation medium prepared by properly processing and blending the waste from the sawdust, poultry chicken poultry, tofu factory of wood waste which is an industrial waste resources. Korean Patent Application No. 96-43851 cultivates mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms by adding 5-10 charcoal or activated charcoal such as chaff to artificial mushroom culture medium to promote mycelial adhesion to artificial medium. There is disclosed an artificial medium composition that not only improves the capacity and improves water retention, but also improves the water vaporizing effect of the mushroom by improving the air permeability in the medium. In Korean Patent Application No. 96-53448, dry fiber sources (sawdust, rice straw, waste noodles, etc.) are mixed 1/2 to 2 times the volume of food waste according to the moisture condition of wet food waste, and rice bran or wheat bran is used as a fermentation accelerator. There is disclosed a method of treating food waste using edible mushrooms which are mixed to 5 to 25 so as to have a water content of 50 to 70.

The mushroom cultivation medium has a severe problem of time and place to be prepared and cultured in a mushroom cultivation farm, and also a specialized research on nutrients to transfer to mushrooms is impossible, and recently, mushroom cultivation medium inoculated / cultivated with spawn is produced. As a result, specialized medium manufacturing companies are being supplied to growers.

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) are edible mushrooms belonging to the basidiomycetes and fold fungi, Pleurotus eryngii and pine nuts. And New Zealand. Shiitake mushroom is an oriental specialty, rich in high quality protein, fat, various vitamins and minerals, and treated as a nutritious food with unique flavor. In addition, recently, pharmacological efficacy has been scientifically proven and widely recognized as a health food.

Shiitake mushroom contains 81.8 ~ 90% of water, and contains most protein and amino acids, fats, ash, minerals, vitamins and dietary fiber. Dietary fiber contains fibrous components and various polysaccharides in the cell walls of mushrooms. Physiological characteristics of shiitake mushroom include anti-cancer effect, antibacterial effect, hepatitis B treatment effect and antiviral research. Among the studies, the anti-cancer effect has been reported that β-1,3 glucan lentinan isolated from the fruiting body of shiitake mushroom has no direct anti-cancer effect and is involved in host-mediated immune response to enhance immune function.

Recently, Korean shiitake mushrooms have a demand of about 6-70,000 tons, but domestic production is about 3-40,000 tons, and the self-sufficiency rate is only 50% (Min, 2014, National Forestry Cooperatives Federation, Forest Mushroom Research Center. 14 October 2014), Increased yield and productivity are very important. The shiitake mushroom sawdust cultivation is 25 ~ 35%, higher than the wood cultivation yield of 15 ~ 20%, and the labor force is low, and the production continues to increase, accounting for about 30% of the total shiitake production (Ko, 2014). , Oak mushroom industry status and development lan in Korea.37-57p.In The 2nd specialist forum to develop oak mushroom industry in Korea and China.National Forestry Cooperatives Federation, Forest Mushroom Research Center.14th October 2014).

The sawdust cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms uses 30-40% of the wood, which makes the use of hardwood resources more efficient than the wood cultivation method of 10%. It is economical, and the yield of mushrooms is 2-3 times higher than that of wood cultivation.

Korean Patent Application No. 1983-0003050 discloses a method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms using hardwood sawdust, and Korean Patent Application No. 1988-0005723 uses finely prepared rice straw as the main material and sawdust, rice bran, bran, soybean meal, etc. The composition of the culture medium for shiitake mushroom culture is disclosed, and Korean Patent Application No. 2003-0091641 discloses a culture medium for cultivating dried mud mushrooms containing sawdust and a method of cultivating dried mud mushrooms using the medium.

Currently, shiitake mushroom sawdust cultivation has two types of fungal cultivation and bag cultivation. The fungus cultivation of shiitake mushrooms is a sawdust medium in a heat-resistant plastic bag, sterilized at 100 ° C. under normal pressure, inoculated with shiitake mushroom seedlings and incubated for about 100 days. This method can be harvested even if the shiitake mushroom occurs in terms of medium, but careful techniques are required for medium moisture, mushroom generation density, and harvest control. In this fungal cultivation, many mushrooms occur unexpectedly due to physical shocks such as light and temperature change, so they have to be removed from time to time, and the medium is easy to dry. Holding

In comparison, the bag cultivation of shiitake mushrooms improved the defects of the fungal cultivation. In other words, after inoculating shiitake mushrooms in a bag containing sawdust medium and incubating for about 100 days, only the top surface of the bag is generated to generate mushrooms. However, because mushrooms are good on the side of the medium in the bag, keeping the mushrooms out at the top of the medium requires subtle techniques such as flipping and temperature and moisture management (personal communication with oak mushroom grower, Mr Taek-Gi Chae). .

Sawdust shiitake vertical shelf fungus cultivation, which compensates for the disadvantages of the above two methods, inoculates the shiitake mushroom sawdust spawn on the sterilized sawdust medium without using bags. This is a method of generating shiitake mushrooms after cultivating the mycelia in a circular bar-shaped sawdust medium of the vertical shelf on the ground. This method is easy to produce and harvest shiitake mushrooms, but it is necessary to establish the cultivation process scientifically because the major environmental factors such as moisture, aeration and temperature change are severe.

Thus, the inventors of the present invention, while considering how to efficiently grow mushrooms, based on the total amount of ingredients (constituents such as sawdust, water, and other ingredients) constituting the mushroom nutritional agent and the medium developed directly in the process of producing a molding medium 1-10 Mixing and mixing at a ratio of 1000 to produce molding medium, and after standing the matured medium in the shelf growth room (cultivation company), usually in the process of producing 3 to 5 cycles of the mushroom nutritional supplement by immersing every growth cycle The present invention by continuously supplying the ingredients, developing a device and method for optimally controlling the mycelial growth, moisture, carbon dioxide, and temperature in the medium, and confirming that the shiitake mushroom generation, harvest cycle, and shiitake production can be optimized. Was completed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cultivating mushrooms using fertilizer using seawater and a nutrient made by the preparation method thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation method by controlling the growth environment to remotely control the moisture, carbon dioxide, temperature, roughness, etc. in the medium in order to increase the mycelial growth, quality, and production of the mushrooms.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is to make a mushroom sawdust medium, seal the medium, sterilize the sealed medium, inoculate and incubate the mushroom spawn in the sterilized medium, the cultured medium In the conventional mushroom cultivation method taken out of the bag, 85 to 92% by weight of mineral concentrated water, 2 to 5% by weight of sulfuric acid dispersion, 5 to 10% by weight of illite aqueous solution and kelp in 100 parts by weight of the medium 0.1 to 1 parts by weight of a mushroom nutrient containing 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of powder is mixed, and each needle selected from 1 to 3 to 5 cycles of needles on the basis of the weight of the initial medium molding weight or the reduced weight of the previous production cycle, Providing a mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that to supply 0.1 to 0.2 parts by weight of the mushroom nutrients to 100 parts by weight of water supplied from the crowd consisting of immersion, watering and spraying The.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention provides a technical standard applicable to all mushrooms.

In the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, the cultivation method of the mushroom cultivator is to install a measurement sensor inside the mushroom cultivator, a controller outside the mushroom cultivator, in order to control the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, roughness 1) The culture temperature is set to 10 ~ 22 ℃, the generation temperature is 16 ℃ or more, and maintained within ± 3 ℃ of the set value; 2) Atmospheric humidity is set to 65-70%, humidity at 80-90%, humidity at cultivation is set to 40-60% during the day, 70-90% at night, and maintained within ± 10% of the set value, 3) Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is set to 1% or less, and maintained within ± 200ppm of the set value, 4) Illuminance maintains 50 ~ 150 lux scattering, 5) Sawdust medium moisture content maintained at 55 ~ 60% It is desirable to.

In addition, in the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, in order to maintain the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, an intake port at the top of the mushroom cultivator, an exhaust port is installed at the bottom, and the inlet and the exhaust port is provided with a insect screen having a pore size of 1 mm or less. The controller has a controller signal conversion device for converting an analog signal value into a digital signal value, and remotely resets the setting value according to the sensor value inside the plant using a portable device for remote control to control the plant environment. More preferred.

In addition, in the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, the cultivation method is a building having a partitioned internal space (S) (10); A vinyl house 20 having one side opened in an internal space S of the building 10; A plurality of internal exhaust ports 21 for carbon dioxide formed under the other side wall of the vinyl house 20 to discharge carbon dioxide heavier than air; A plurality of external exhaust ports 11 for carbon dioxide formed under the other side wall of the building 10; A carbon dioxide exhaust pipe (30) having one end connected to the internal exhaust port (21), the carbon dioxide exhaust fan (31) interposed therebetween, and the other end connected to the external exhaust port (11); A plurality of vinyl house internal air circulation outlets 40 formed on the other side of the vinyl house higher than the plurality of carbon dioxide internal exhaust ports 21; A circulation fan 41 interposed in each of the outlets 40 for circulating air inside the plurality of vinyl houses; A plurality of ends having one end connected to the discharge side of each of the plurality of vinyl house air circulation outlets 40 and the other end of which is disposed on the ceiling of the other side of the vinyl house 20 so that the opening direction is toward one side of the vinyl house 20. A circulation pipe 50; And it is more preferable to use a mushroom cultivator including a vent 60 formed on the other side wall of the building higher than the external exhaust port 11 for carbon dioxide, wherein the other side of the building 10 outside of the vinyl house 20 An ultrasonic humidifier 70 and an air conditioner indoor unit 80 are disposed in an upper portion of the interior, and a mushroom grower having a plurality of lighting units 90 arranged in a predetermined pattern in the upper portion of the vinyl house 20 or the vinyl. A sensor unit 95 including an illuminance sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor is disposed in one space of the house 20, and a controller is disposed on one sidewall of one side wall of the building 10. It is even more preferable to use a mushroom cultivation plant in which the panel 96 is arranged and connected to the sensor unit 95.

In addition, in the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, the cultivation method is preferably applied to the object parasitic mushroom selected from the crowd consisting of shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, mushroom mushroom, enoki mushroom and bird mushroom, wherein the mushroom is shiitake mushroom After the completion of the fruiting body harvest of shiitake mushrooms for 10 to 15 days to rest and then sinking, it is more preferable to regenerate after 3-7 days after the needles.

In addition, in the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, the cultivation method is preferably applied to the cultivation selected from the crowd consisting of ground cultivation of the bag medium, plate medium cultivation and molding medium cultivation.

Mushroom nutrients used in the present invention are prepared by the method described in the inventors patented 10-1777841. Using the same fertilizer as described in the patent, or slightly modified to use a nutrient using a fertilizer prepared.

For example, a mixture of 60% by weight of deep seawater concentrated mineral, 30% by weight of seaweed extract, 3% by weight of sulfur, and 7% by weight of clay minerals may be used as the mushroom nutrient.

In the method of using the mushroom nutrient of the present invention, in the medium production step, it is preferable to use the mixture at a ratio of 1/100 to 1000% of the total weight of the medium, and growth phase after granulation is 1 cycle to 3 cycles (or 4 to 4). Up to 5 cycles (1/500 to 1/1000 of the total volume of water supplied to the needle bar (or submerged, sprayed, sprayed, etc.) on the basis of the initial media forming weight or on the reduced weight of the last production cycle) You can mix and supply nutrients.

Mushroom cultivation method of the present invention can use a method for controlling the growth environment of the mushroom growth room (cultivation company). The mushroom growth room used at this time is a panel cultivator equipped with a facility to remotely measure and control temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and illumination.

The method of re-producing the present invention is applicable even if the form of the medium is different from the shape and shape of the medium, such as bottle, plate, molding, and bag. In addition, there are no application restrictions on mushroom varieties. It is a cultivation method that can be applied even if the form, growth temperature and environment of shiitake mushroom, enoki mushroom, oyster mushroom, mushroom mushroom and matsutake mushroom are different.

The mushroom growing room (cultivator) is a method that can be applied in various cultivation environments, such as a multi-layered cultivation of the shelf type in the greenhouse, panel cultivator, glass greenhouse, etc.

In the present invention, the mushroom growth room (cultivation company) directly produced the growth environment by remote control operation, by preparing the mushroom nutrients to supply the molding medium to complete the cultivation technology, was applied to shiitake mushroom cultivation.

As described above, the present invention has the effect of increasing the amount of production of mushrooms, shortening the production cycle, quality improvement by the use of mushroom nutrients, improve the taste of mushrooms and aromas unique to mushrooms.

In addition, it is possible to efficiently control the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, roughness at the time of mushroom cultivation, it is possible to achieve the improvement of the quality of the mushroom, the increase in production. In particular, by providing such a control device it is possible to discharge the rich carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivator to the outside by reducing the change in the internal environment of the mushroom cultivator without the provision of an expensive carbon dioxide separation unit. Therefore, it is possible to cultivate shiitake mushrooms at low manufacturing cost and maintenance cost, and when the humidity is controlled, it is possible to improve the quality of the mushrooms by not directly and excessively contacting the moisture surface in large form on the mushroom surface (fruiting body). Wind speeds within the natural conditions can be optimized to optimize mushroom growth and minimize contamination and malformation.

1 is a plan view of the mushroom cultivator of the embodiment according to the present invention,
Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1,
3 is a front view of FIG. 1,
4 is an integrated sensor photograph of temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , illuminance installed inside a cultivator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 5 is an embodiment of the integrated controller picture of temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , roughness installed outside the cultivator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 6 is a photograph of shiitake mushroom mycelium grown in sawdust medium of the circular form as a cultivation of the vertical shelf of shiitake mushrooms.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment according to the present invention will be described in more detail by presenting. However, the following embodiments are provided to those skilled in the art to fully understand the present invention, and may be modified in various forms, and the present invention is limited by the above embodiments. It is not.

Example 1 Preparation of Liquid Mushroom Nutritional Supplement

A mushroom nutrient as a liquid fertilizer was prepared by the method described in Patent Registration 10-1777841.

The obtained seawater was mixed with water so that the content of the seawater was 25% by weight, and the mixed water obtained by filtration was filtered through a 100 mesh filter to obtain filtrate, and the obtained filtrate was put in an evaporator and heated at 50 ° C. to recrystallize the salt. After precipitation, the resultant was separated into a salt and mineral stock solution, and the separated mineral stock solution was filtered through an activated carbon filter and concentrated to prepare 40 brix mineral concentrate.

Sulfur, kelp powder and water were mixed and dispersed in a nanomill to prepare an aqueous dispersion of sulfur having an average particle size of sulfur of 1 μm and a content of 15 wt%.

Elite, kelp powder, and water were mixed and dispersed in the nanomill to prepare an aqueous dispersion of illite having an average particle size of 1 μm and a content of 15 wt%.

89.5% by weight of the mineral concentrated water, 3% by weight of the aqueous dispersion of sulfur, 7% by weight of the aqueous dispersion of illite and 0.5% by weight of kelp powder was prepared to prepare a liquid mushroom nutrient using sea water.

Example 2 Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms

The vertical shelf fungus cultivation of shiitake mushrooms was carried out at a shiitake mushroom farm located in Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do. The growers were 10 m wide, 25 m long, and 250 m 2 in area. In order to artificially control the temperature, humidity, roughness, etc. in the grower, the grower described in Example 2 and the growing conditions and environment described in Example 3 were used. Oak sawdust was loaded and fermented for about 30 days in the farm's rain forest. Fermented sawdust was pasteurized at 65 ° C. for 11 hours after adjusting the moisture content to about 60%. Shiitake spawn is incubated for 3 months by inoculating shiitake spawn 921 in medium of sawdust and rice bran ratio at 89:11. The inoculation was mixed with pasteurized sawdust and sawdust spawn which was about 0.5 cm in size at 7: 3. The sawdust and spawn mixture were granulated on a circular rod-shaped sawdust medium on a vertical shelf. A total of 33 tons of granules were collected in all six growers. The spawn forms mycelia on the whole medium, the surface of the medium swells into a tree shape, browning starts, and floats about 50 to 55 days after inoculation (FIG. 6). At this time, the spacing between the media was maintained at about 3 ~ 4 cm. After incubation 150 days after germination, and after 4-5 days, shiitake mushrooms were harvested. The harvested shiitake mushrooms were excellent in size, weight and shape.

Production medium was used as a mold medium, the mushroom nutrients prepared in Example 1 was added to the medium in the ratio of nutrient: medium = 1: 800.

Needles in the growth room was carried out every cycle, at which time water: nutrient = 500: 1 to 1000: 1 was used. In addition, the grower described in Example 3 was used to control the growth cultivation environment such as carbon dioxide emission, humidity control, wind speed control, illumination control.

Example 3 Composition of Shiitake Mushroom Cultivator

1, the mushroom grower of this embodiment is indicated by the reference numeral 100.

The mushroom grower 100, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, the building having a partitioned internal space (S) (10); A vinyl house 20 having one side opened in an internal space S of the building 10; A plurality of internal exhaust ports 21 for carbon dioxide formed under the other side wall of the vinyl house 20 to discharge carbon dioxide heavier than air; A plurality of external exhaust ports 11 for carbon dioxide formed under the other side wall of the building 10; A carbon dioxide exhaust pipe (30) having one end connected to the internal exhaust port (21), the carbon dioxide exhaust fan (31) interposed therebetween, and the other end connected to the external exhaust port (11); A plurality of vinyl house internal air circulation outlets 40 formed on the other side of the vinyl house higher than the plurality of carbon dioxide internal exhaust ports 21; A circulation fan 41 interposed in each of the outlets 40 for circulating air inside the plurality of vinyl houses; A plurality of ends having one end connected to the discharge side of each of the plurality of vinyl house air circulation outlets 40 and the other end of which is disposed on the ceiling of the other side of the vinyl house 20 so that the opening direction is toward one side of the vinyl house 20. A circulation pipe 50; And an air vent 60 formed on the other side wall of the building that is higher than the external exhaust port 11 for carbon dioxide.

In addition, the ultrasonic humidifier 70 and the air conditioner indoor unit 80 are disposed in the upper portion of the other side of the building 10 outside the vinyl house 20, and a plurality of lighting units are disposed in the upper portion of the vinyl house 20. 90 are arranged in a predetermined pattern (for example, three rows and four columns).

An LED, a fluorescent lamp, a three-wavelength lamp, an incandescent lamp, or the like may be applied to the plurality of lighting units 90.

In addition, a sensor unit 95 including an illuminance sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor is disposed in one side space of the vinyl house 20, and one of both side walls of the building 10 is disposed. A controller panel 96 is disposed on the side wall of the controller and is connected to the sensor unit 95.

Mushroom grower 100 configured as described above may be operated as follows.

The lighting unit 90, the ultrasonic humidifier 70, and the air-conditioning indoor unit 80 are operated to adjust the atmosphere of the building 10 and the inside of the vinyl house 20 to have a predetermined illuminance, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. .

Then, in the state in which the cultivation mushroom (not shown) is stored in the vinyl house 20, when the circulation fan 50 is operated by the operation of the controller panel 96, the air inside the vinyl house 10 is operated. Is moved to one side from the other side of the building 10 through the circulation pipe 50 is again introduced into the vinyl house 10 is circulated.

When the cultivation mushroom grows in this state, the concentration of carbon dioxide is concentrated in the inner space S of the vinyl house 10.

When the sensor unit 95 detects that the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher than the predetermined concentration of carbon dioxide in the internal space S of the vinyl house 10, the exhaust fan 31 is operated by the controller panel 96. The carbon dioxide, which is heavier than air and is mostly present in the lower portion of the inside of the vinyl house 10, is discharged out of the building 10 through the internal exhaust port 21, the exhaust pipe 30, and the external exhaust port 11. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the vinyl house 20 is lowered than the predetermined concentration.

As carbon dioxide in the vinyl house 20 is discharged out of the building 10, negative pressure is generated inside the vinyl house 20 and inside the building 10 that is distributed, so that the outside air of the building 10 is opened through the air vent 60. The outside air introduced into the other space and introduced into the other space of the building 10 is regarded as one side space of the building 10 by the air flow of the internal circulating air discharge flow discharged from the circulation pipe 50. It is introduced into the one side space of the vinyl house 20 makes the atmosphere rich in oxygen.

During the growth of the cultivation mushroom, when the sensor unit 95 detects a humidity lower than a predetermined humidity in the building 10, the ultrasonic humidifier 70 is operated by the controller panel 96 to generate fine droplets. This fine water droplets are mixed into the outside air flowing from the other inner space of the building 10 to the inner space of the building 10 through the vent 60 and naturally evaporated and introduced into the one space of the vinyl house 20 for the cultivation. It comes in contact with the mushrooms.

As a result, water droplets do not form on the shade of the cultivated mushrooms, thereby preventing the mushrooms from being blackened or stagnant, thereby lowering the marketability, while maintaining the humidity of the mushroom cultivator's internal space. It is possible to quickly discharge the rich carbon dioxide in the mushroom cultivator to the outside without the need for a separator and to make small changes in the mushroom cultivator's internal environment, thereby making it possible to grow the mushroom at a low manufacturing cost and at a low maintenance cost. do.

In addition, in the mushroom cultivator of the present embodiment, since the internal air is circulated to keep the humidity and temperature stable and uniform, the fungus which adversely affects the mushrooms can be suppressed from occurring in the mushroom cultivator's internal space, and the plastic house ( The internal air of 20 is an indirect blowing method in which the inside of the building 10 is circulated to the inner space of the vinyl house 20 via a space between the other space of the building 10 and the other space of the vinyl house 20, so that the mushroom shade is cold or warm air. It is possible to prevent the malformation of the mushroom shade or prevent the growth of the mushrooms from being directly contacted.

<Example 4> Shiitake mushroom cultivation conditions and environmental control

Cultivation of shiitake mushrooms requires careful attention to nutritional requirements and environmental requirements. For example, nutritional requirements include carbon sources, nitrogen sources, carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, minerals and trace elements, and vitamins. Environmental requirements indicate temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration in the air, light, pH of the medium, and the like. In particular, the formation temperature of shiitake fruiting body should be maintained at 15 ± 3 ℃, 60% humidity and 150 Lux. Inadequate cultivation conditions can cause malformed mushrooms.

<4-1> Overview and Prerequisites

The present invention is based on the cultivation of circular shiitake mushroom sawdust medium. However, it is also applicable to plate culture and log cultivation for mushrooms other than shiitake mushrooms.

Shiitake mushroom grower of the present invention is convenient for temperature, humidity, ventilation management suitable for the growth of mushrooms, and has a convenient structure for granulation, lung, growth management of the medium. Types of growers include simple growers, steel frame growers, and the like.

In order to improve the quality of shiitake mushrooms, increase production, and remote control, sensors for measuring temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , and roughness in the cultivator are required, and a control device according to the measured values is required. In addition, air conditioning and heating equipment to maintain proper temperature and humidity and ICT converters for remote control should be installed.

To improve quality and increase production, needles should be added with moisture and nutrients necessary for growth.

In order to maintain the optimal cultivation environment in the mushroom cultivator can be changed according to the weather, the outside environment when controlling the cultivation environment. Specifically, the humidity management control value should be changed according to sunny, dry weather, windy and dry weather, rain / snow or wet weather after rain / snow.

The harvest cycle refers to the interval between when mushrooms are germinated again after a certain pause after mushroom harvest when mushrooms are grown using sawdust medium. In order to replenish mushrooms after resting period during needle needle, inject water into the medium by using a pump and needle needle (in the form of a needle punched into a cylindrical needle with a diameter of about 5 ~ 10mm / length of 20 ~ 40cm) to replenish moisture in the medium. do.

<4-2> Temperature management

Growth temperature is maintained at 5 ~ 32 ℃. However, in order to produce high quality shiitake mushrooms, the growth temperature should be maintained at 10 ~ 22 ℃.

The generator temperature should be kept above 16 ℃. The proper temperature can be maintained depending on the harvest time. For example, if the generation temperature is set to 16 ℃ can be harvested after about 7 days, if set to 18 ℃ can be harvested after about 4 to 5 days.

At low temperatures (below 12 ℃), it should take 10 ~ 15 days, and the germination (fruiting) population is significantly reduced.

For general greenhouse house growers without control devices, the day and night temperature ranges are approximately 8-15 ° C. If such a rapid temperature difference (high temperature → low temperature → high temperature) is repeated, the flower (freshly cracked mushroom) may occur, and there is a risk of generating a large number of germinated individuals or deformity. If it occurs in large quantities, it requires additional labor for evacuation and the commodity value is low due to dwarf fruiting.

Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to perform temperature management by setting the optimum temperature of growth by mushroom and fungal species using a control system. Specifically, it is possible to set the optimum growth temperature value for each species by using the control system to maintain within ± 3 ℃ of the set value. As a result, the growth of the growing mushrooms is active, and the quality of the mushrooms can be uniform, thereby increasing the value of the product. For example, cool down in a summer with a cooler and warm in a winter.

<4-3> Humidity Management

The proper humidity in the air is 65 ~ 70%, so keep it. In general, the sawdust medium moisture content is preferably 55 to 60%. Humidity during the development (germination) of shiitake mushrooms is preferably 80 to 90% in the day and night, and the humidity of the growing season is preferably maintained at 40 to 60% during the day, 70 to 90% at night.

Humidity continues to grow more than 80% during the growing season, and there is a concern that the quality of shiitake mushrooms may be degraded. At this time, after germination, the fruiting body has a bright color and high merchandise should not be humidified or sprayed. If the humidity is low, the fruiting bodies are small and there is a risk of cracks in the shade, growth stops, death or malformations.

In the case of high humidity (more than 90%), the competition with various germs may cause contamination such as soft rot. In addition, there is a risk that the bast of the mushrooms and the like swells and occurs in large size, or low-grade products such as light color / black flesh color.

From June to August, the humidity is high and the temperature is high, so during the daytime, the planters are opened to control the humidity to reduce the occurrence of mold. If mold occurs, wash gently with a power sprayer and maintain ventilation.

Greenhouse growers without typical conventional controls may not be able to control humidity based on clear, dry, windy, dry, rain / snow (after rain / snow), low humidity, There is a high risk of growth disorder due to high humidity.

As such, by using the control system, the humidity can be managed by setting the optimum humidity for each mushroom, species, weather, and growth. For example, humidify in sunny, dry, dry weather. Specifically, the optimum humidity value is set and the humidity is maintained within ± 10% of the set value using the ultrasonic humidifier.

In rain / snow (after rain / snow) or humid weather, set the optimum humidity value and maintain the optimum humidity value with the humidifier and dehumidifier according to the setting value.

In summer, the air conditioner is used to dehumidify when the temperature drops, and in winter, the heater is used to humidify the temperature. By setting the optimum humidity value for each type of growth by using the control system, it grows within ± 10% of the set value, optimizing the growth of mushrooms, suppressing the occurrence of harmful mold, and reducing the malformation, resulting in uniform mushroom quality. Has an effect of increasing.

<4-4> CO ₂  Management: Ventilation for fresh air supply and carbon dioxide emissions

Shiitake mushrooms are aerobic bacteria, and organic compounds are oxidized through respiration. The energy released during respiration is stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for mycelial growth and growth. Different levels of shiitake mushroom growth require different amounts of oxygen.

Each shiitake produces approximately 0.06 g of carbon dioxide per hour. Well-circulated fresh air and more frequent ventilation are important during the breeding phase. Fresh air contains 0.03% carbon dioxide. If the carbon dioxide concentration is higher than 1%, it suppresses the formation of fruiting bodies and opens the mushroom cap early. In addition, when the carbon dioxide concentration is too high, malformation of shiitake mushrooms occurs, and when it reaches 5%, no fruiting body is formed.

Therefore, by using the control system, the optimum CO ₂ value for each mushroom, species, and growth is set, and when the mushroom is grown within ± 200 ppm from the set value, the growth of the mushroom becomes active and the quality of the mushroom becomes uniform, resulting in a commodity value. Increases.

<4-5> Illumination Management (Natural or Artificial Light)

Optimum illuminance is between 50 and 150 lux diffuse. Direct sunlight and sunrise / sunlight can cause contamination of blue mold / cloud mushrooms or inhibit the growth of shiitake mycelia.

Therefore, the grower makes a blackout, manages the illuminance with artificial light, and increases or decreases the illuminance of the artificial light according to the illumination sensor measurement value. In that case, by growing within an appropriate illuminance range, contamination and malformations are reduced and the quality of the mushroom is improved.

<4-6> Medium Water Content / Needle / Nutrition Management

The proper water content of the medium is about 55-60%. The needle point / regeneration occurs after harvesting, after rest for 10-15 days, and reoccurs after 3-7 days after the needle point.

When mushrooms are harvested and after a recreational period, they are fed with organic / inorganic nutrients to provide proper moisture through needle needle work, which improves the quality and taste of the mushrooms and increases the yield by 30-50% compared to conventional water only. You can.

<4-7> Ventilation and Exhaust Facilities Management

Inlet location is installed at the top to avoid inhalation of dust and foreign matter, and exhaust location is installed at the bottom to discharge carbon dioxide heavier than air. In the ventilation and exhaust system, it is preferable to install a insect screen having a pore size of 1 mm or less.

<4-8> Control device management and operation

In order to improve the quality of the mushrooms, increase production, and remote control, sensors for measuring temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , and roughness in the growers are installed. 4 is a photograph of a temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , integrated illumination measuring sensor installed inside the cultivator as an embodiment according to the present invention. In addition, according to the temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , illuminance value measured by the sensor, a control device for operating the air conditioner, heater, humidifier, dehumidifier, and opening and closing of the exhaust port is installed. 5 is a photograph of a temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , integrated illumination measuring controller installed outside the cultivator in one embodiment according to the present invention. At this time, the controller sets the appropriate temperature, humidity, CO ₂ , illuminance values.

<4-9> Remote control management

Install a controller signal converter that is a converter that converts the analog signal value of the controller into a digital signal value. In addition, a remote control portable device (smartphone) may be used to remotely reset the appropriate value according to the sensor value in the grower to control the grower environment.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. This is possible.

10; Architecture, 20; Green house, 30; Exhaust pipe, 40; Outlet for circulating air in the greenhouse, 50; Circulation tube, 60; Vents, 70; Ultrasonic humidifiers, 80; Air Conditioning Indoor Unit

Claims (10)

Cultivation of conventional mushrooms by making a mushroom sawdust medium, sealing the medium, sterilizing the sealed medium, inoculating and incubating the mushroom spawn on the sterilized medium, and then taking the cultured medium out of the bag and generating it. In the method,
The inoculation is characterized in that the mixture of pasteurized sawdust and shredded sawdust spawn to about 0.5 cm in size 7: 3,
0.1 to 0.5% of mushroom nutrients containing 85 to 92% by weight of concentrated mineral water, 2 to 5% by weight of sulfuric acid dispersion, 5 to 10% by weight of aqueous dispersion of illite, and 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of kelp powder. 1 part by weight is mixed and selected every 100 to 5 cycles of feed water selected from the group consisting of needles, immersion, sprinkling and spraying, based on the initial media forming weight or reduced weight on the last production cycle. Mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that for supplying by weight to 0.1 to 0.2 parts by weight of the mushroom nutrient.
The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method
The mushroom grower who grows the mushrooms has an integrated measuring sensor in one side space inside the mushroom grower and a controller outside the mushroom grower to control temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and illumination.
1) The culture temperature is set to 10 ~ 22 ℃, the generation temperature is 16 ℃ or more, and maintained within ± 3 ℃ of the set value;
2) Atmospheric humidity is set to 65-70%, humidity at 80-90%, humidity at cultivation is set to 40-60% during the day, 70-90% at night, and maintained within ± 10% of the set value,
3) Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is set to 1% or less, and maintained within ± 200ppm of the set value,
4) Illumination maintains 50 ~ 150 lux diffuse,
5) Mushroom growing method, characterized in that the sawdust medium moisture content is maintained at 55 ~ 60%.
According to claim 2, In order to maintain the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air mushroom inlet on the top of the mushroom cultivator, an exhaust port is installed on the lower end, the inlet and exhaust port mushrooms, characterized in that the pore size of less than 1mm is installed Cultivation method.
According to claim 2, wherein the controller is provided with a controller signal conversion device for converting the analog signal value to a digital signal value, by using a portable device for remote control cultivated by remotely resetting the set value according to the sensor value in the planter Mushroom cultivation method characterized in that to control the in-house environment.
The method of claim 2, wherein the cultivation method
A building 10 having a partitioned interior space S;
A vinyl house 20 having one side opened in an internal space S of the building 10;
A plurality of internal exhaust ports 21 for carbon dioxide formed under the other side wall of the vinyl house 20 to discharge carbon dioxide heavier than air;
A plurality of external exhaust ports 11 for carbon dioxide formed under the other side wall of the building 10;
A carbon dioxide exhaust pipe (30) having one end connected to the internal exhaust port (21), the carbon dioxide exhaust fan (31) interposed therebetween, and the other end connected to the external exhaust port (11);
A plurality of vinyl house internal air circulation outlets 40 formed on the other side of the vinyl house higher than the plurality of carbon dioxide internal exhaust ports 21;
A circulation fan 41 interposed in each of the outlets 40 for circulating air inside the plurality of vinyl houses;
A plurality of ends having one end connected to the discharge side of each of the plurality of vinyl house air circulation outlets 40 and the other end of which is disposed on the ceiling of the other side of the vinyl house 20 so that the opening direction is toward one side of the vinyl house 20. A circulation pipe 50; And
Mushroom cultivation method comprising using a mushroom cultivator comprising a vent (60) formed on the other side wall of the building higher than the external exhaust port for carbon dioxide (11).
The method of claim 5, wherein the ultrasonic humidifier 70 and the air conditioner indoor unit 80 is disposed at the other inner upper portion of the building 10 outside the vinyl house 20, and the upper inner portion of the vinyl house 20. Mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that using a mushroom cultivator having a plurality of lighting unit 90 is arranged in a predetermined pattern.
According to claim 5 or 6, wherein the sensor unit 95 including an illumination sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor is disposed in one side space of the vinyl house 20, and the building ( A mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that the control panel (96) is disposed on one side wall of one side of both sides and uses a mushroom cultivator connected to the sensor unit (95).
The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method is applied to a mosquito parasite mushroom selected from the group consisting of shiitake mushroom, oyster mushroom, mushroom mushroom, enoki mushroom and bird mushroom.
The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein the mushroom is shiitake mushroom, which is rested for 10-15 days after completion of fruiting of the shiitake mushroom, and is regenerated after 3-7 days after the saliva.
The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method is applied to a cultivation selected from the group consisting of ground cultivation, envelop cultivation, and molding medium cultivation of the encapsulation medium.

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