KR101860586B1 - Pest controlling method, composition, electrostatic spray device and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a composition comprising an ester compound represented by formula (1) and electrostatically atomized in a pest or insect habitat:

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a pest control method, a composition, an electrostatic atomizing apparatus, and a use thereof,

The present invention relates to a method of controlling pests, including insect pests, insecticidal compositions, electrostatic atomizers, and uses thereof.

The ester compound represented by the following formula (1) is known to be effective for controlling pests, and is disclosed in Patent Document 1. Hereinafter, the insect target insect can be referred to collectively as "insect ". In addition, in the specification, "pest control" is a change in the behavior of insect pests due to eradication, incentive, knockdown or death. "Effective in control" means spraying an amount of the ester compound that can change the behavior of the target insect.

On the other hand, electrospraying by cone jet dispersion of liquid is known in the art (see, for example, Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1).

[Citation List]

Patent literature

Patent Document 1

US Patent Publication No. 6908945

Patent Document 2

European Patent Application Publication No. 1399265

Non-patent literature

Non-Patent Document 1

Royal Society of England - 1964, p383-397

Since the ester compound represented by the formula (1) is a pure solid form, it is difficult to spray the ester compound efficiently. For this reason, there has been a great demand for efficient spraying methods for treating pests, and compositions for efficient spraying.

The present invention is completed in view of such a situation, and its object is to provide a pest control which can effectively perform heat treatment for dispersion, applied pressure (e.g., gas pressure or mechanical pressure), or pest treatment that does not require smoke fogging Method. In addition, it is a further object of the present invention to provide a composition which is capable of carrying out pest control on a broad range of pests and which is, for example, a composition suitable for electrostatic dispersion. It is a further object of the present invention to enable easy spraying of the composition of the present invention that does not require heat for dispersion, applied pressure (e.g., gas pressure or mechanical pressure) or smoke fogging, The present invention provides an electrostatic atomizing device capable of making an electrostatic atomizing device possible. It is also an object of the present invention to effectively use the composition of the present invention for pest control without the need for heat for dispersion, applied pressure (e.g., gas pressure or mechanical pressure), or smoke fogging of the composition.

As a means for achieving the object of the present invention, the pest controlling method of the present invention comprises electrostatically spraying a composition comprising an ester compound represented by the following formula (1) to a pest or insect habitat:

In addition, as a means for achieving the object of the present invention, the composition of the present invention is represented by the formula (1) and has an electrical resistivity at 20 캜 of not less than 1 x 10 ³ Ωm and not more than 1 × 10 ⁶ Ωm, A viscosity at 20 ° C. of 10 mPa · s or less, and an ester compound having a surface tension of 20 mN / m or more and 20 mN / m or less and 20 mN / m or less.

In addition, as a means for achieving the object of the present invention, the electrostatic atomizing apparatus of the present invention comprises a reservoir in which the composition is held; A spray electrode supplied from a reservoir; And a discharge electrode in the vicinity of the atomizing electrode, wherein the composition is sprayed from the atomizing electrode as a droplet by applying an electric field between the atomizing electrode and the discharge electrode.

In addition, as a means for achieving the object of the present invention, the use of the composition of the present invention is a composition comprising electrostatically spraying a composition comprising an ester compound represented by the formula (1) to a pest or insect habitat :

According to the control method of the present invention, it is possible to effectively perform the insect treatment without the need for heat for dispersion, applied pressure (for example, gas pressure or mechanical pressure), or smoke fogging. Furthermore, according to the composition of the present invention, it is possible to carry out pest control on a wide range of pests. Further, according to the electrostatic atomizing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to easily spray the composition without the need for heat for dispersion, applied pressure (e.g., gas pressure or mechanical pressure), or smoke fogging, It is possible. In addition, according to the use of the composition of the present invention, it is possible to effectively perform pest control without the need for heat for dispersion, applied pressure (e.g., gas pressure or mechanical pressure), or smoke fogging.

For a complete understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic view of an electrostatic atomizer used for spraying the composition of this embodiment.

One embodiment of the present invention is described below. Academic and patent documents disclosed herein are incorporated herein by reference. Unless specifically stated herein, "A to B" representing a numerical range means "A " (including A and A) but not more than B (including B and less than B).

(I) the ester compound represented by the formula (1), (ii) the compound represented by the formula (2), the compound represented by the formula (2), and the compound represented by the formula , And (iii) a bulk carrier component. Among the above compounds, (ii) the cyclic compound is optionally included in the composition. In addition, (iii) a selectable material as the bulk carrier component may comprise a bulk carrier component (hereinafter referred to as a property modifying component) having a property modifying function for controlling the physical properties of the composition, particularly resistivity, viscosity and surface tension have.

(Ester compound)

The composition of this embodiment includes an ester compound represented by the following formula (1). The ester compound is a compound having an excellent controlling effect against pests.

The ester compound of the formula (1) (hereinafter referred to as the present ester compound) is an ester compound of [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) phenyl] methyl- 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (4-methoxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl = 3- (2-cyano-1-propenyl) - 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate). This ester compound can be produced by a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication Tokukai 2004-2363 A, U.S. Patent No. 6908945, and the like.

This ester compound is an isomer (E-configuration, S-configuration, and cis-configuration, trans configuration) derived from two asymmetric carbon atoms on the cyclopropane ring (R- Z-arrangement). In the present invention, it is possible to use an ester compound containing an active isomer in any ratio. The ratio of the isomers is set according to the stereoselectivity of the reaction used to prepare the present ester compound. Mixtures of isomers in which any isomer is mixed may also be used.

The form of the ester compound may be, for example, as follows:

Methyl] - (1 R) -3- (2-cyano-1-propenyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid Phenyl] methyl = (1R) -trans-3- (2-cyano-1-propenyl) -2,2,2-trifluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) (2-cyano-1-propenyl) - dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) ) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) phenyl] methyl = (1R) Tetramethyl-2-methylpropyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate and [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) phenyl] -Trans-3 - ((Z) -2-cyano-1-propenyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.

In the ester compound represented by the formula (1), the carbon bond to the carboxyl group on the cyclopropane ring is the 1-position, and the carbon bond to the substituent having the carbon-carbon double bond is 3-position.

The ester compound may be present in a proportion of from about 0.1% w / w to 10% w / w, such as from 0.6% w / w to 8% w / w (such as from 1.0% w / w to 6% w / w) Lt; / RTI >

(Cyclic compound)

The composition of this embodiment may comprise one or both of the following compounds:

The first cyclic compound represented by the formula (2a):

Wherein X ¹ is an oxygen atom or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, X ² is a methylene group, an oxygen atom, or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group] And

Second cyclic compound represented by the formula (2b):

[Wherein R ² is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group].

In an embodiment, the "alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms" represented by X ¹ and X ² in the formula (2a) includes, for example, a methylimino group, an ethylimino group, a propylimino group, a butylimino group, An anthro group, a hexylimino group, a peptylimino group, or an octylimino group.

As the first cyclic compound represented by the formula (2a) or the second cyclic compound represented by the formula (2b) (hereinafter referred to as the cyclic compound) as described above, commercially available compounds can be used.

Examples of the cyclocyclic compounds represented by the formula (2a) include the following compounds:

X ¹ is an oxygen atom and X ² is a methylene group;

X ¹ is an oxygen atom and X ² is an oxygen atom;

X ¹ is an oxygen atom and X ² is an alkylimino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

X ¹ is an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and X ² is a methylene group;

X ¹ is an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and X ² is an oxygen atom;

X ¹ is an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and X ² is an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

X ¹ is an oxygen atom and X ² is a methylene group or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

X ¹ is an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and X ² is an oxygen atom or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

(i)? -butyrolactone wherein X ¹ is an oxygen atom, X ² is a methylene group and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom;

(ii) N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone wherein X ¹ is a methylimino group, X ² is a methylene group and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom;

(iii) N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone wherein X ¹ is an ethylimino group, X ² is a methylene group and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom;

(iv) N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone wherein X ¹ is an octylimino group, X ² is a methylene group and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom;

(v) 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, wherein X ¹ is a methylimino group, X ² is a methylimino group and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom;

(vi) propylene carbonate in which X ¹ is an oxygen atom, X ² is an oxygen atom, and R ¹ is a methyl group; And

(vii) Ethylene carbonate wherein X ¹ is an oxygen atom, X ² is an oxygen atom, and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom.

A particularly suitable compound among the compounds represented by the formula (2a) is? -Butyrolactone.

Furthermore, as an intrinsic cyclic compound represented by the formula (2b), one example thereof is sulfolane (a compound wherein R ² is a hydrogen atom).

One intrinsic cyclic compound may be included in the composition of the present invention, or two or more thereof may be included in the composition of the present invention.

In the present invention, the weight ratio of the ester compound and the cyclic compound is usually in the range of 4: 1 to 1: 300, preferably 3: 1 to 1: 200, and more preferably 1: 1 to 1: 100.

The cyclic compound represented by formula (2a) or (2b) is typically present in an amount of from about 0.4% w / w to 40% w / w, such as from 3% w / w to 35% w / w, w / w to 30% w / w.

(Bulk carrier component)

The composition of this embodiment comprises a bulk carrier component which dissolves or disperses the ester compound of formula (1). The bulk carrier component is a solvent or a mixture of solvents, for example an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents. The solvent may be polar or apolar, but is typically polar.

For effective dispersion of the composition in this embodiment, a stable spray of small droplets must be made by means of an electrostatic atomizing device, so that the composition should ideally meet certain constraints. The constraints include: (1) the ability to cause the compound of formula (1) to be uniformly distributed in the composition or otherwise dissolved in the composition; (2) the composition is characterized by having an appropriate resistivity, viscosity, and surface tension, and (3) the bulk carrier component is less toxic (low risk indication).

As is known in the art, the resistivity, viscosity, and surface tension of a composition primarily depends on the resistivity, viscosity, and surface tension of the solvent and other liquids used to make the composition. The presence of any dissolved components and additional electrolytes may have additional effects on the properties of the composition.

Suitably, the bulk carrier component of the composition is a polyol having at least one hydroxyl group per molecule, such as ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, Such as those having polyol ethers, such as glycol methyl ether. A particularly suitable polyol ether is dipropylene glycol methyl ether (or (2-methoxymethyloxy) propanol). Other particularly suitable polyol ethers include propylene glycol methyl ether (or 1-methoxy-2-propanol), and tripropylene glycol methyl ether (or 2- (2-methoxymethylethoxy) methylethoxy) propanol) .

Additional examples of bulk carrier components include 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, 1-butoxy-2-propanol) and 1-propoxy-2-acetoxypropane, and oxybis (methoxy) propane. Another example of a bulk carrier component is ethanol.

The composition preferably contains a bulk carrier component of at least 25% w / w, particularly preferably at least 30% w / w and very particularly preferably at least 31% w / w. In a further preferred embodiment, the composition contains a bulk carrier component of up to 99% w / w, preferably up to 95% w / w, and most preferably up to 89.67% w / w.

The bulk carrier component used in the composition of this embodiment may be a physical property modifying component. The physical properties of the composition of this embodiment can be modified by using a plurality of bulk carrier components in combination.

The physical property modifying component may be selected from the group consisting of esters, petroleum (paraffinic, aromatic, naphthenic) solvents such as Isopar L (registered trademark), silicone oils (e.g., decamethyltetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, citric acid, or acetic acid (e.g., sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, citric acid, or acetic acid) Of dilute solution).

For example, it may be desirable to reduce the surface tension of the composition by adding isoparaffins, such as Isopar L. The composition may comprise, for example, from 0% w / w to 9.99% w / w of isoparaffin.

It may be desirable to increase the viscosity of the composition by the addition of relatively high molecular weight polyethylene glycols, such as polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight greater than 400 Da, such as 500 Da to 700 Da.

It may be desirable to reduce the resistivity of the composition by adding an electrolyte. Suitable electrolytes are well known in the art and include dilute aqueous solutions of alkanoic acid salts, such as sodium acetate (e.g., 0.4% w / w sodium acetate solution).

Further, examples of bulk carrier components that can affect resistivity include surfactants (nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants).

Examples of the surfactant of the composition of the present invention are as follows. Examples of non-ionic surfactants include sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan stearate and sorbitan oleate; Glyceryl stearate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl oleate, polyglyceryl stearate, polyglyceryl isostearate, and polyglyceryl oleate as glycerin fatty acid esters; Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, and polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether; Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan coconut oil fatty acid, polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan stearate; Polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraoleate as a polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester; And others such as polyoxyethylene-hydrogenated castor oil and alkylphenol polyglycol ethers.

Examples of amphoteric surfactants include lauryl betaine and stearyl betaine as betaine and disodium n-lauryl-p-imino-dipropionate as an imidazoline derivative, and others such as lecithin do.

Examples of anionic surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate and the like as alkyl sulfates; Sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, triethanolamine polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate and the like; Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as the alkyl benzene sulfonate; Sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, sodium dipolyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphate, and the like.

Examples of cationic surfactants include alkylammonium salts such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, and the like.

It is also possible to mix other salt of quaternary amine, preservative, salts of chlorhexidine including chlorhexidine digluconate, and other air fungicides, including those disclosed herein, as bulk carrier components that can affect the resistivity of the composition It is possible.

Measurement of the physical properties of the composition is well known to those skilled in the art. The manner in which the properties can be measured is not limited:

The resistivity of the composition can be measured by using a liquid resistance cell by the use of a resistivity meter that provides a unit of measurement of M? 占 m;

The surface tension of the composition can be measured using the Du Nouy Ring method, which provides a unit of measurement in mN / m;

The viscosity of the composition may be measured using a viscometer providing a unit of measure of mPa · s, and the viscometer used may be, for example, in accordance with "JIS Z880 liquid viscosity measurement method"; And

The diameter of the droplets of the sprayed composition can be measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer providing a unit of measurement in microns.

Needless to say, physical properties can also be measured in other ways.

Suitably, the composition may be prepared to have a resistivity ranging from 1 x 10 < ³ > OM to 1 x 10 < ⁶ > In addition, suitably the composition can be prepared to have a viscosity ranging from 1 mPa.s to 10 mPa.s at 20 < 0 > C. Furthermore, suitably the composition can be prepared to have a surface tension in the range of 20 mN / m to 40 mN / m at 20 ° C. By setting physical values within the above range, it is possible to efficiently perform electrostatic atomization. For example, it is possible to spray the composition well by using the electrostatic atomizing device described below.

The composition used in the present invention may further comprise a flavoring or an air fungicide.

Examples of fragrances include essential oils or other fragrance oils. The fragrance is only part of all the fractions (oil components) of the following oils.

Preferred examples of flavorings include, but are not limited to, tea tree oil (e.g., melaleuca oil, terpinene-4-ol type), catmint oil (e.g., Nepeta Cataria oil, refined oil of Nepeta catarya) Fractions containing nepetalactone), time oils (e.g., Thymus vulgaris oil and fractions thereof, such as fractions containing thymol).

Fragrances, such as fragrant oils, are mixtures or mixtures containing several kinds of stereoisomers, usually containing different kinds of compounds with different skeletal chain lengths. Mixtures of these may be used.

Among these, the perfume material is preferably an oil component of at least one oil selected from the group consisting of tea tree oil, cat mint oil, and time oil.

When the composition of the present invention contains a fragrant oil, the content of fragrant oil is preferably in the range of 5% w / w to 35% w / w of the total composition.

In addition, the fragrance oil preferably has a vapor pressure of 270 Pa at < RTI ID = 0.0 > 20 C. < / RTI >

Examples of air fungicides include active air freshener components, active air freshener components, active antimicrobial components, active fungicidal components, and active antiallergic components. More specifically, preferred examples of the air sterilizing agent include polyhexamethylene biguanide polymer, polyhexamethylguanide polymer, n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium (In particular, sodium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, orthophenyl phenol, polyethylene glycol 300, orthobenzyl parachlorophenol, 2-phenoxyethanol, glutaraldehyde, phthalaldehyde, chloroxylenol, trichlorophenol, phenol, Water soluble silver salt), hexachlorophene, peracetic acid, lactic acid, performa acid, potassium permanganate, potassium peroxomonosulfate, n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride, alkyldimethyl 1-naphthylmethylammonium chloride, 1,2 -Benzisothiazolin-3-one, isopropanol, para-tert-amylphenol, and sodium dodecylbenzene ≪ / RTI >

When the composition of the present invention contains an air fungicide, the content of the air fungicide is preferably 0.05% w / w to 20% w / w, more preferably 0.1% w / w to 17% w / w , And particularly preferably from 0.1% w / w to 15% w / w.

Examples of active antibacterial components include, but are not limited to, triclosan, trichlorocarbonylid, isopropylmethylphenol, N- (dichlorofluoromethylthio) -phthalamide, N '- (dichlorofluoromethylthio) N, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol, 2-bromo-2-nitrophenol, 2- Bromo-1-nitropropanol, 1,4-dibromo-1,4-dinitrobutanediol-2,3-cetylpyridinium, 1-bromo-1-nitro Methylpropanol-2-cetylpyridinium and cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, acrinol, povidone iodide, mercurochrome, chloramphenicol, pradamycin sulfate, gentamicin sulfate, oxytetracycline chloride, Sulfate, tricomycin, and griseofulbin.

Examples of active fungicidal ingredients include benzoic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, paraoxybenzoic acid esters, sodium dehydroacetate, propionic acid, polylysine, thiabendazole; Terpineol-4-ol, and isophoroleol), alicyclic alcohols having 7 to 15 carbon atoms such as 2,4-diol Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, 4-isopropylcyclohexanol, 4- isopropylcyclohexanemethanol, 1- (4-isopropylcyclohexyl) -ethanol and 2,2- (3-methylphenyl) -propanol), and arylalkyl alcohols or alkylaryl alcohols having 7 to 15 carbon atoms such as benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylpropyl alcohol, carbachol, and xanthol.

Examples of active antiallergic components include hydroxyapatite, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid, and ester compounds of gallic acid and an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Examples of active air cleaning ingredients include polyphenols such as tannins and flavonoids (chalcone, flavanone, flavanol, flavone, flavonol, isoflavone), cyclodextrins, lauryl methacrylate, geranyl chlorinate, Methyl-3- (4-methylpentanoyl) -2-pyrone, pomalin, glyoxal, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, dihydroxyacetone, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol, methacrylic acid esters, maleic acid esters, maleic acid monoamide, maleic acid imide, fumaric acid esters,? -acyl acrylic acid and its salts, citronellic acid citronellol, 1,3-ethoxypropionaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, 1-carboxylic acid alkyl ester, phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid alkyl ester, phenanhydroperoxide, p-cymene peroxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2- Fe (III) -octacarboxyphthalocyanine, Fe (III) -tetra Carboxyphthalocyanine, 5-methyl-2-isopropyl-2-hexenyl, p-butoxyphenol, catechol, hydroxyquinone, 4-methylcatechol, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, Catechol, 3-methoxy catechol, canosol, rosmanol, brazilin, hematoxylin, shikonin, myrcetin, baicalin, baicalin, citral, vanillin, and coumarin.

Other ingredients that do not affect the overall properties of the composition may also be included. For example, an optical tracer such as Uvitex-OB in an amount of up to 50% by weight. The one or more additional active ingredients may additionally include insecticidal compounds, such as pyretrin, pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds, synergists, insecticides, insect repellents. Additional insecticidal compounds may be present in the composition at about 0.01-30% w / w.

The composition may be a mixture of one active ingredient or a mixture of components (e.g., one class of insecticidal compounds - eg, pyrethroids can be used in combination) or a mixture of several classes (eg, insecticidal compounds and flavoring components) . A particular substance may itself be a mixture of compounds, for example fragrant oils usually contain a mixture of chain lengths, and the insecticide compound may contain a mixture of stereoisomers.

The composition according to this embodiment may be a composition as shown below.

% w / w (i) an ester compound 0.1-10 (iii) bulk carrier component 90-99 (iii) 0.5-25

% w / w (i) an ester compound 0.1-10 (ii) a cyclic compound 0.4-40 (iii) bulk carrier component 50-99.5 (iii) 0.5-25

Alternatively, a composition according to the present invention comprising an additional insecticide may typically be as shown below:

% w / w (i) an ester compound 0.1-10 (ii) a cyclic compound 0.4-40 (iii) bulk carrier component 0-98.99 (iii) 0.5-25 Pesticide 0.01-30

In addition, when the composition according to this embodiment comprises the above other components, the composition has the following compositional ratios.

First, when the fragrant oil, fragrant oil, is included as the other component, the composition according to this embodiment has the composition ratio shown in Table 4 below.

% w / w (i) an ester compound 0.1-10 (ii) a cyclic compound 0.4-40 (iii) bulk carrier component 0-97 (iii) 0.5-25 Fragrance oil 2-60

In addition, when the air-germicidal compound is contained as other contained component, the composition according to this embodiment has a compositional ratio as shown in Table 5 below:

% w / w (i) an ester compound 0.1-10 (ii) a cyclic compound 0.4-40 (iii) bulk carrier component 15-98.9 (iii) 0.5-25 Air fungicide 0.1-20

(pest)

Examples of pests that are treated by the composition of this embodiment include arthropods such as insects and mites, particularly harmful arthropods such as harmful insects and harmful mites. Specific examples thereof are listed below.

Lepidoptera: Moth moth, such as Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Plodia interpunctella, and Ephestia kuehniella; For example, Spodoptera litura, Pseudaletia separata, and Mamestra brassicae; White nymphs, such as Pieris rapae crucivora; Leafy moth and, for example, Adoxophyes spp .; Moth and moth; Oyster moth; Oriental tussock moth; Leaf - shaped moth of carapace; A gerbil room, such as Agrotis segetum, and a roundabout seminar room (Agrotis ipsilon); Tobacco moths; Royal tobacco moth; Cabbage moths; A branching butterfly; Tinea pellionella; Tineola bisselliella, etc.

Diptera: house mosquitoes such as Culex pipiens pallens, and small red house mosquitoes (Culex tritaeniorhynchus); Genus of forest mosquitoes, for example, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus; Straw-winged mosquitoes, for example Chinese Anopheles sinensis; Mosquito; Leaf moths such as Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans and Fannia canicularis; Black flies; Sphygmomanometer; Flower flies, such as Delia platura, and Delia antiqua; Fruit flies; Gullfly; Drosophila; Moth flies; Flea flies; Euphrates; Back; Sperm flies; Mosquitoes on the back, etc.

Blattaria: German wheels (Blattella germanica), Periplaneta fuliginosa, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Blatta orientalis, and so on.

Hymenoptera: Hymenoptera: ants, such as Camponotus japonicus, Tetramorium tsushimae, Lasius niger, Pachycondyla chinensis, Monomorium intrudens, Lasius fungi, fuji, Monomorium pharaonis, Formica fusca japonica, Ochetellus glaber, Pristomyrmex punctatus, Pheidole noda, and Linepithema humile; Such as a pair of wasps, such as a pair of beef cattle (Polistes chinensis, Polistes riparius, Polistes jadwigae, Polistes rothneyi, Polistes nipponensis, Polestes snelleni and Polistes japonicus}, Vespa mandarinia, Vespa simillima xanthoptera, Vespa analis, Vespa crabro, Vespa crab, ducalis, Vespula flaviceps lewisi, Vespula shidai, and Dolichovespula media; Bethylidae; Tenthredinidae, such as Athalia rosae ruficornis, etc .;

Siphonaptera: Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, and the like.

Anoplura: Pediculus humanus, Phthirus pubis, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, etc.

Psocoptera: Psychedelia (psocid).

Isoptera: Subterranean termites such as Japanese termites (Reticulitermes speratus), house termites (Coptotermes formosanus), Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hesperus (Reticulitermes hesperus) ), Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes tibialis, and Heterotermes aureus; Drywood termites such as Incisitermes minor; And rotten wood termite, such as Zootermopsis nevadensis.

Hemiptera: Anchovy, such as Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, and Sogatella furcifera; (Eg, Nephotettix cincticeps, and Nephotettix virescens); Aphididae; Department of Nephrology. For example, there are Nezara antennata, Riptortus clavetus, Eysarcoris lewisi, Eysarcoris parvus, Plautia stali, Halyomorpha, mista, Stenotus rubrovittatus, and Trigonotylus caelestialium; Powdery; Pod worms; Such as, for example, a bedbug (Cimex lectularius); Shing worm (Tingidae); Psyllidae, etc.

Coleoptera: Attagenus unicolor, Anthrenus verbasci; Corn rootworms such as Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Chafer, for example Anomala cuprea and Anomala rufocuprea; Such as, for example, Sitophilus zeamais, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Anthonomus grandis grandis, and Callosobruchus chinensis; (For example, Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum), leaf beetle (for example, Oulema oryzae, Phyllotreta striolata, and Aulacophora femoralis, comb beetle worms, ladybug Such as, for example, a twenty-eight-spotted ladybug (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata), a thistle, a dogwood, a specimen insect, a beetle and a Paederus fuscipes.

Thysanoptera: Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips nigropilosus, and the like.

Grasshopper (or thoptera): Grasshopper, Grasshopper, Cricket, etc.

Acarina: House dust mites, such as Dermatophagoides farinae and Vertical house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus); Powdery mites, such as Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Aleuroglyphus ovatus; Meat ticks, such as Glycyphagus privates, Glycyphagus domesticus and Glycyphagus destructor; Toenail mites such as claw mites (Cheyletus malaccensis), Cheyletus malaccesis and Cheyletus moorei; Dust mite; Floor mites; Winged mite (Oribatei); Leaf mite, such as Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus kanzawai, Panonychus citri and Panonychus ulmi; Erythraeidae; Such as, for example, small ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis), new mites such as Ornithonyssus sylvairum and chicken red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae); Etc.

Scutigeromorpha, Chilopoda, such as Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans; Diplopoda, such as Oxidus gracilis and Nedyopus tambanus; Armadillidiidae and sheep lambs, such as Armadillidium vulgare; Limbian steaks such as Limax marginatus and Limax flavus; And spider's necks such as Nephila clavata, Chiracanthium japonicum and Latrodectus hasseltii, and the like.

(Control method, electrostatic atomizing device, use of composition)

The method of controlling pests using the compositions described above is to electrostatically spray the composition described above to a pest or insect habitat of the treatment target.

"Pest habitat" means the area where the pest does not actually live, at least the area where the pest is passing or moving, and not the area where the habitat or pathway is assumed.

Suitably the resistivity of the composition is in the range of 1 × 10 ³ Ωm to 1 × 10 ⁶ Ωm at 20 ° C. and the viscosity of the composition is in the range of 1 mPa · s to 10 mPa · s at 20 ° C. and the surface tension is 20 mN / m to 40 mN / m.

The electrostatic dispersion can be performed using an electrostatic atomizer. That is, the electrostatic spraying step of the composition is performed by using an electrostatic atomizing device comprising a spraying electrode to which the composition is fed and a discharge electrode in the vicinity of the atomizing electrode, preferably the composition is supplied to the atomizing electrode, Is applied between the electrode and the discharge electrode to spray the composition from the spray electrode onto the pest or insect habitat.

The electrostatic atomizing device uses an electric field to divide the liquid as a cone jet by applying a potential difference between the atomizing electrode (the liquid being supplied and ultimately exposed to the electric field) and the reference electrode in the vicinity. Sprays of this kind are well known in the art, as described in Sir Geoffrey Taylor, Royal Society of Britain, 1964, p. 383-397.

An example of a suitable electrostatic spray device is the device described in EP-A-1399265 (International Publication WO 03/000431) and is illustrated with reference to FIG.

In the electrostatic atomizing apparatus shown in Fig. 1, the cylindrical atomizing electrode 1 is located inside the spray concave portion 2 opened on the side of the body of the electrostatic atomizing apparatus (the spray outlet face 5) The discharge electrode 3 in parallel with the electrode 1 is located inside the discharge concavity 4 similarly opened to the side of the body of the electrostatic atomizer (the spray outlet face 5). The charged composition is sprayed from the atomizing electrode 1 forming the atomized particles of the composition. On the other hand, the opposite charge to the atomized particles of the composition is applied to the discharge electrode 3, thereby attracting the sprayed atomized particles to the discharge electrode 3. As a result, this affects the flow direction of the atomized particles. The atomizing electrode 1 includes, for example, a 27-gauge metal or a conductive plastic capillary, and the discharge electrode 3 includes a sharp-pointed pin made of stainless steel and having a diameter of 0.6 mm.

The spray concavity 2 and the discharge concavity 4 are perpendicular to the spray outlet surface 5 and the spray outlet surface 5 is made of a dielectric material. In this example, the material is polypropylene and the spray outlet surface 5 is flat. However, other materials and curved surfaces may be used if charge retention on the spray outlet surface 5 is sufficient to change the orientation of the charge carriers from the composition and apparatus and electrode from the cylindrical atomizing electrode 1.

The atomizing electrode 1 and the discharge electrode 3 are electrically connected to the drive circuit 10 (operated by a battery) through the coated metal conduits 6 and 7. One of the electrodes may serve as the anode and the other of the electrodes may serve as the cathode (e.g., the atomizing electrode 1 serves as the anode and the discharge electrode 3 serves as the cathode).

The composition to be atomized is stored in the reservoir 8, and the composition is supplied to the atomizing electrode 1 via a pump and / or a pipe (not shown). In addition, the reservoir 8 is connected externally through the small air inlet opening 9, so that the interior of the reservoir 8 is not depressed while the composition is supplied to the atomizing electrode.

According to the electrostatic atomizing apparatus, first, the composition is supplied from the reservoir 8 to the cylindrical atomizing electrode 1, and a high voltage is applied to the composition in the atomizing electrode 1. As described above, the composition is charged because the composition has a certain range of resistivity, and the composition is sprayed from the end of the atomizing electrode 1 due to the electrostatic force. The atomized composition is charged by the charge applied to the atomizing electrode 1, and therefore atomized by splitting into air by repulsion due to coulomb force. The composition is well atomized and divided because it has a certain range of viscosity and a certain range of surface tension.

For example, when the device is powered from the drive circuit 10 by the insertion of a battery or through the operation of an internal electronic timer, the liquid in the reservoir 8 is removed from the atomizing electrode 1 in the form of fine particles And the liquid evaporates rapidly in accordance with the vapor pressure of the liquid and the ambient conditions near the apparatus. The amount thus released can be determined according to the effective amount of the ester compound on the target insect pests.

The electrostatic atomizing device may be adjusted to dispense the composition according to the present invention intermittently (e. G., With a duty cycle) or continuously. The amount of feed may be, for example, 5 g or less per day (e.g., 3 g or less), but need not be limited to such a level.

It is a common limitation of such an electrostatic atomizing apparatus that a low volatility composition component is deposited at or around the atomizing electrode. When this happens, the atomizing electrode may be partially obscured or even blocked, resulting in ineffective or ineffective spraying. This is especially true when the atomizing electrode is a capillary stream from which the sprayed liquid flows. An advantage of the present invention is that even when sprayed with a relatively high concentration of an ester compound (e.g., an ester compound of 1.2% w / w) for 14 days with a duty cycle of spraying every 2 minutes for 25 seconds, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > and / or < / RTI >

The dispersion efficiency of the composition can be determined qualitatively by the preparation of a fine plume of the sprayed and by the examination of the root deposition by visual inspection of the spraying apparatus.

The effect of pest control using the electrostatic atomizing device can be measured through various means known to those skilled in the art. For example, it is possible to quantitatively analyze the time required to knock down (KD50) or kill (KT50) 50% of the pest population in a test chamber of known size (e.g., a Peet-Grady chamber). Quantification of chronic root deposits can be measured by wiping the root of the spray device with a swab and can be observed by a method appropriate for the type of tracer used (e.g., HPLC or spectrophotometry). Chronic mass loss can be measured by monitoring weight changes.

As a result, it is possible to electrostatically spray a composition that is solid at room temperature onto a pest or insect habitat. Therefore, the following effects can be obtained.

That is, according to the control method of the present embodiment, by spraying using the electrostatic dispersion, heat for dispersion of the composition containing the ester compound represented by the formula (1) and being solid under standard air pressure, Gas pressure or mechanical pressure), or it is possible to start or stop the spraying of the ester compound immediately without the need for smoke fogging. This facilitates controlling the amount of the ester compound to be sprayed and prevents the waste of the ester compound. Therefore, according to the control method of this embodiment, it is possible to effectively treat pests.

In addition, in the control method of this embodiment, the resistivity, viscosity, and surface tension of the composition containing the ester compound represented by the formula (1) are set to values within a predetermined range. This allows the composition to have properties suitable for electrostatic dispersion. As a result, it is possible to spray the composition to the anode to treat pests.

In addition, the control method of this embodiment enables the composition to be sprayed to the anode by using an apparatus suitable for electrostatic dispersion.

In addition, according to the composition of this embodiment, the composition comprising the ester compound represented by the formula (1) (the composition is a solid under a standard atmospheric pressure) has a resistivity, a viscosity, and a surface tension set as a value within a predetermined range. This allows the composition to disperse into the air over a large area, thus effectively treating various pests.

In addition, the electrostatic atomizing apparatus of this embodiment enables easy spraying of the composition without the need for heat for dispersion or applied pressure (e.g., gas pressure or mechanical pressure), or smoke fogging. Since it is easy to control the amount of the composition to be sprayed, it is possible to prevent any consumption of the ester compound as the active ingredient. This makes it possible to achieve an electrostatic atomizing device which can effectively treat pests.

A further advantage of the present invention is that pest control can be applied acutely or chronically to allow for environmental treatment and reduce the amount of ingredients required. In conventional processes, the acute treatment can only be allowed by the dispersion of the composition according to the operation of the aerosol dispenser. The aerosol dispensing operation may be mechanical or manual depending on the mechanical timer. As a result, aerosol spraying is often dispersed as a result of inefficient delivery of spray droplets to insect or insect habitat. Chronic or sustained release processes are typically achieved by vaporization of the active ingredient. Since the ester compound represented by the formula (1) is a solid at normal atmospheric pressure, heating or adsorption to the smoke liquid is required to be dispersed as a chronic or continuous divergence treatment. There can be a significant delay in heating and starting effective vaporization. Likewise, there may be a significant delay in stopping vaporization as a heating or fuming dispersion unless there is additional vaporization.

In addition, the compositions of this embodiment can be delivered as an acute treatment or a chronic treatment without the need to re-prescribe the composition.

In addition, the compositions of this embodiment can be used to treat pests by electrostatically spraying the composition into a pest or insect habitat. By using such a composition, it is possible to effectively perform pest control.

A further advantage of the present invention is that superior pest control is achieved compared to conventional pest control of the prior art, which reduces the amount of pesticide-disintegrating active ingredient that is dispersed during treatment to achieve effects similar to those in the art , The relative concentration of the same active ingredient can be reduced in the compositions of the present invention. The advantage of reducing the amount of pesticide-active active ingredient required to be dispersed or reducing the relative concentration of the active ingredient is that the amount of potentially harmful chemicals exposed to humans or the environment is significantly reduced.

A further advantage of the present invention is that the insect treatment can be achieved without exposure to the pest smoke from the impregnated coil or the risk of damage from the pressurized propellant.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, but may be modified within the scope described in the specification. Implementations based on appropriate combinations of the technical means disclosed in the different embodiments are included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, the literature cited herein is incorporated herein by reference. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Example

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by examples. It is noted that the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

In this example, the ratio of knockdown of flying insects (usually housefly, Muscatomestica) in the test chamber (1.8 m x 1.8 m x 1.8 m) was compared. In this example, 100 adult moths Musca domestica flies were released into a test chamber to which pest control was applied by the method described in the Examples or Comparative Examples to be described later. To measure the rate of knockdown, the results were recorded 15 minutes after release of the housefly, and the knockdown rate was obtained by observing the proportion of the knockdown housefly for 15 minutes. In the test, the knockdown ratio was measured by calculating the average value of the two tests.

(Example 1)

The composition of Example 1 was prepared using the following formulation.

Content (% w / w) The ester compound (1) 1.2 ? -butyrolactone 4.8 (2-methoxymethylethoxy) propanol (Dowanol DPM (registered trademark)) 84.5 Isoparaffin (IsoparL < (R) >) 8 Water (HPLC-grade) 1.494 Sodium acetate 0.006 gun 100

In this example, [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) phenyl] methyl = (1R) -trans-3- (2-cyano- Z = 1/9)) - 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate was used as the ester compound of the formula (1).

The compositions shown in Table 6 were dispensed into a reservoir of an electrostatic atomizer ( Cleanaer model, Atrium Innovation Ltd.) as described in EP-A-1399265. The electrostatic atomizing device was fixed in the test chamber. Immediately after turning on the electric power, the composition was continuously sprayed for the first 2 minutes, then the device was operated with a duty cycle in which the composition was sprayed every 2 minutes for 25 seconds to dispense 25 mg of the composition into the chamber. After that, the additional execution of the device was terminated. The interior of the test chamber was thus treated.

Afterwards, 100 adult moths Muscatica (50 males and females) houseflies were released into the test chamber. To measure the rate of knockdown, the results were recorded after 15 minutes of housefly release.

(Comparative Example 1)

0.5 g of the insecticidal coil base material (Union Insecticide Co., Inc.) was mixed with [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) phenyl] methyl = (1R) (E / Z = 1/9)) - 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate was homogeneously impregnated in a 0.25 ml acetone solution of 2-cyano-1-propenyl (E / Z = 1/9). In the comparative example, the base material contained 0.2% w / w of the ester compound by uniformly impregnating the base material.

The resulting base material was dried in air to obtain a pesticide coil. A pesticide coil was fixed to a holder located at the bottom center of the test chamber. One end of the pesticide coil was lighted. The burning of the coil was completed, and thus the test chamber was processed.

Subsequently, 100 adult house flies (Muscat domestica) (50 male and female) house flies were released into the test chamber. To measure the rate of knockdown, the results were recorded after 15 minutes of housefly release.

(Comparative Example 2)

To an aerosol can was added 0.04 part of [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) phenyl] methyl = (1R) -trans-3- (2-cyano- / Z = 1/9)) - 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, 0.16 part of? -Butyrolactone and 59.8 parts of isoparaffin (Isopar M (registered trademark)) were fed, And 40 parts of propellant (liquefied petroleum gas) was charged through the valve portion to obtain an aerosol containing 100 parts (hereinafter referred to as Comparative Example 2).

Subsequently, 100 adult moths Musca domestica (50 males and females) houseflies were released into the test chamber.

Thereafter, 750 mg of Comparative Example 2 was sprayed into the test chamber. To measure the knockdown ratio, the results were recorded after 15 minutes of spraying.

The results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 7.

Sample After 15 minutes of exposure, Example 1 98 Comparative Example 1 8 Comparative Example 2 75

As a result of the measurement, it was confirmed that Example 1 had a higher knockdown ratio than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and it was proved that Example 1 can perform pest control with high efficiency. This confirms the usefulness of the present invention.

(Examples 2 and 3)

The compositions of Examples 2 and 3 were prepared using the following formulation:

Content (% w / w) Example 2 Example 3 The ester compound (1) 0.6 0.6 ? -butyrolactone 2.4 2.4 Dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether (Dowanol DPnP (registered trademark)) 83 83.5 Isoparaffin (IsoparL < (R) >) 8 8 PEG-300 4 4 Water (HPLC-grade) 2 1.494 Sodium acetate 0 0.006 Sum 100 100

In the present Examples 2 and 3, [2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4- (methoxymethyl) phenyl] methyl = (1R) -trans-3- (2- (E / Z = 1/9)) - 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate was used as the ester compound of formula (1). Values of physical properties of the compositions of Examples 2 and 3 are shown below.

Example 2 Example 3 Resistivity: Ωm (20 ° C) 81300 20161 Viscosity: mPa 占 퐏 (20 占 폚) 4.84 4.64 Surface tension: mN / m (20 DEG C) 28.9 29.0

The compositions shown in Table 9 were supplied to a reservoir of the electrostatic atomizing apparatus ( Cleanaer model, Atrium Innovation Ltd.) disclosed in EP-A-1399265. Immediately after turning on the electricity, the composition was sprayed continuously for the first 2 minutes and then the device was operated with a duty cycle in which the composition was sprayed every 2 minutes for 25 seconds to dispense 30 mg of the composition into the chamber. After that, the additional execution of the device was terminated. The interior of the test chamber was thus treated.

Subsequently, 100 adult male Musca domestica (50 male and female) house flies were released into the test chamber. Musca domestica counted the number of knockdown houseflies from the time it was released until 15 minutes later. From this, KT50 values (mean of each of the six tests) were obtained.

The results of Examples 2 and 3 are shown in the following table.

Example 2 Example 3 KT50 (mins) 11 9.4

With the present invention, it is possible to effectively perform pest control. For that reason, the present invention is applicable to a variety of industries that suitably use existing pest control techniques.

1 Spray electrode
2 spray concave portion
3 discharge electrode
4 discharge concave portion
5 spray outlet face
6 coated metal conduit
7 Coated metal conduit
8 Store
9 Small air inlet hole
10 drive circuit

Claims (18)

A method of controlling pests comprising the step of electrostatically spraying a composition containing an ester compound represented by the following formula (1) only as an ester compound into a pest or insect habitat:

Wherein the composition contains dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a first cyclic compound represented by the following formula (2a) and a second cyclic compound represented by the formula (2b) Containing compound;
Wherein the composition has a resistivity of at least 1 x 10 ^3? M and a resistivity at 20 캜 of not more than 1 x 10 ^6? M, a viscosity at 20 캜 of not less than 1 mPa 되 but not more than 10 mPa,, and a viscosity of not less than 40 mN / m Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 20 C < / RTI >

Wherein X ¹ is an oxygen atom or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, X ² is a methylene group, an oxygen atom, or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

[Wherein R ² is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrostatic spray of the composition is performed with an electrostatic atomizing apparatus comprising (i) a spray electrode to which the composition is fed and (ii) a discharge electrode provided in the vicinity of the atomizing electrode, :
(a) feeding the composition to a atomizing electrode; And
(b) applying an electric field between the atomizing electrode and the discharge electrode to spray the composition onto a pest or insect habitat. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic compound is gamma -butyrolactone. 1. A composition for use in the control of insect pests by electrostatic dispersing, which contains only an ester compound represented by the following formula (1) as an ester compound:

Wherein the composition has a resistivity of at least 1 x 10 ^3? M and a resistivity at 20 캜 of not more than 1 x 10 ^6? M, a viscosity at 20 캜 of not less than 1 mPa 되 but not more than 10 mPa,, and a viscosity of not less than 40 mN / m Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 20 C, < / RTI &
Wherein the composition contains dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a first cyclic compound represented by the following formula (2a) and a second cyclic compound represented by the formula (2b) CLICK COMPOUND:

Wherein X ¹ is an oxygen atom or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, X ² is a methylene group, an oxygen atom or an alkyl imino group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

[Wherein R ² is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the cyclic compound is gamma -butyrolactone. Wherein the composition is sprayed as droplets from the atomizing electrode by applying an electric field between the atomizing electrode and the discharging electrode, the atomizing atomizing apparatus comprising:
A reservoir for containing the composition according to claim 4 or 5;
A spray electrode to which the composition is supplied from the reservoir; And
Discharge electrode provided near spray electrode. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic compound is propylene carbonate. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the cyclic compound is propylene carbonate.
delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

Images