KR101771959B1 - The method making tetrapod of smooth surface, groove of a ring shape and dimple - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a tetrapod friendly with marine animals and plants. A tetrapod comprises four legs mounted on a breakwater. The tetrapod is formed of concrete and has 30-50 MPa of high compression strength. To achieve the compression strength, an admixture is mixed into the concrete and is formed of one among silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag. The admixture is 5-50 wt% of cement. A chemical admixture is mixed with the concrete. The chemical admixture is used as an AE water-reducing agent and/or a high-range water-reducing agent are/is selected and mixed. The chemical admixture is 0.2-3 wt% of the cement, and a groove is formed on the outside of the tetrapod with 30-50 MPa of the compression strength. The groove formed on the outside has a ring shape continuous on each cone of the tetrapod. Multiple dimples are formed around the ring-shaped groove and are formed in order for effective microorganisms to inhabit at corner and the inside of the dimple.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a method of making a tetrapod having an annular groove, a dimple and a smooth surface,

The present invention relates to tetrapods which are friendly to marine animals and plants.

Breakwater is a representative marine disaster prevention structure for protecting harbor and coast from blue. There are more than 30 types of sofa blocks used in breakwaters. Among these, the most widely used sofa block is tetrapod. The reason why it has been used for a long time is because it is economical.

However, due to the smooth surface of the tetrapods, anglers often fallen into accidents. In addition, it is not easy to attach beneficial marine microorganisms, seaweed spores, and crustaceans, and thus it is not a habitat for marine animals and plants even after a long period of time.

Several hundreds to thousands of tetrapods are used at a time in the harbor breakwater composition. Since the material of the tetrapod is a concrete discharging strong alkali, serious environmental pollution occurs around the breakwater. Once environmental pollution occurs, it is impossible or impossible to recover for a considerable period of time. That is, it is recognized that conventional tetrapod structures and marine animals and plants can not coexist.

Conventional artificial fishes are intended to provide habitats for marine animals and plants. The surface texture of artificial fishes uses three surface textures: smooth concrete surface texture, permeable concrete surface texture, and stone surface texture. Currently, surface textures used in artificial reefs have not yet been used to provide a high strength and coarse surface texture.

8 and 9, the abrading plate 20 having the non-slip protrusions 12 in the tetrapod 1 is formed in the tetrapod with the handle hole 14 and the bolt hole 16 Was introduced.

However, such an arrangement is disadvantageous in that the bolt 24, the non-slip plate bolt hole, the bolt hole 21, the gap retaining hole 23, and the like must be provided and the bolt hole 16 must be provided in the tetrapod. It was not easy to construct the bolt hole in the tetrapod by a screw method.

1. Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2016-0036538 (2016.04.04) 2. KIPO Publication No. 10-2015-0133392 (Nov.

Reduce the occurrence of human accidents by using dimples on the surface of tetrapods.

In addition, the surface of the tetrapod is variously constructed so as to facilitate attachment of marine microorganisms, seaweed spores and crustaceans, thereby forming a habitat for various marine animals and plants.

Tetrapod concrete will minimize the environmental pollution by emitting strong alkali.

Surface textures are those that have a high strength and at the same time use a material that provides a rough surface texture.

That is, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for separating seaweed ropes, which are capable of adhering a seaweed rope on the surface even when tetrapod is used in the composition of the breakwaters, a plurality of dimples or corner grooves capable of supporting useful marine microorganisms, And smooth surface texture that can be grown at the same time to provide environment-friendly tetrapod that can coexist with marine animals and plants.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention has the following configuration.

Tetrapod consisting of four legs resting on a breakwater;

The material of the tetrapod is concrete and has a compressive strength of 30 MPa to 50 MPa or less,

In order for the compressive strength to be achieved,

The concrete is mixed with an admixture, and the admixture is selected from silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag,

The admixture is used in a proportion of 5% to 50% by weight of the cement,

Also, the admixture is mixed with the concrete, and the admixture is selected and mixed with the AE water reducing agent and / or the fluidizing agent, and the admixture is used at a ratio of 0.2% to 3%

And having a groove formed outside the tetrapod having a high strength property with a compressive strength of 30 MPa or more and 50 MPa or less,

Wherein the grooves formed on the outside have annular grooves continuously extending over the corners of the tetrapod,

A plurality of dimples are formed around the annular groove, and a tetrapod is formed so that a useful microorganism can be formed inside and at the edge of the dimple.

Wherein the annular groove has a width of 30 mm to 150 mm and a depth of 10 mm to 50 mm.

Further, the plurality of dimples constitute a tetrapod having a constitution which is friendly to marine animals and plants, constituted by a circle, a square and a triangle.

Here, the dimple is constituted by having corners of an edge having a concave portion having an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle to constitute a tetrapod that is friendly to marine animals and plants.

And the roots of seaweeds and corals are attached to the dimples thus constructed using an underwater adhesive.

Preferably, the dimples comprise a rougher surface than the smooth surface of the tetrapod.

Here, the surface with the dimple is composed of a rough surface, and the surface other than the dimple is composed of a smooth surface to simultaneously provide habitat of marine microorganisms, algae, corals and shellfish, and constitutes a tetrapod that is friendly to marine animals and plants.

The effect of the marine fauna-friendly tetrapod of the present invention

First, the seaweed rope can be easily attached in large quantities. Seaweed ropes must be adhered in water as the case may be, providing deep, continuous grooves that can be easily and quickly attached.

Second, useful marine microorganisms are easy to attach and live. Since the tetrapod surface is provided with a plurality of grooves having concave dimples or corner angles, it provides useful marine microorganism habitat due to the rough texture effect. Marine microorganisms and seaweed spores can easily adhere to the dimples, and they can hide from the food attack of fishes. Therefore, marine microorganisms and seaweed spores are more likely to survive.

Third, it provides a smooth surface texture that shellfish like abalone like. Surfaces of the tetrapods between the grooves for longitudinal and transverse seaweed ropes provide a smooth surface texture, so shellfish such as abalone can adhere and survive. Surfaces with smooth surfaces can be strongly adhered to the abalone, which has the advantage of resisting against the hydraulic force.

Fourth, it provides a habitat for marine plants and animals at once, including marine microorganisms, algae, shellfish such as abalone, because it provides deep grooves, concave dimples or corner angles, and smooth surface texture at the same time.

Fifth, coarse grooves on the surface of the tetrapods are beneficial for coral transplantation. If the surface is smooth, corals grafted by waves caused by algae or typhoons can easily fall off even if they are transplanted. However, when the tetrapod surface is grooved and rough, the once-transplanted coral does not fall out and the probability of survival is very high.

Sixth, since the recessed grooves are formed on the surface of the tetrapod, it is possible to utilize the conventional mold, and the manufacturing is simple, which is advantageous in economy.

In other words, the present invention can provide a roughened surface roughened with deep and continuous grooves in the longitudinal and transverse directions on the surface of the tetrapod body, and a circular dimple or a groove having an acute angle, an obtuse angle and a right- It is useful because it provides a habitat for marine microorganisms.

It also provides a smooth surface texture and provides habitat for shellfish such as abalone and sora. Since conventional tetrapod provides only one smooth surface texture, there is a problem that useful microorganisms and seaweeds are difficult to adhere to and grow.

The present invention is a marine plant-friendly tetrapod that simultaneously provides three different surface textures, deep grooves, rough dimples and edges, and smooth surfaces.

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an annular shape and a dimple around the annular shape.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a state in which a rope is wound around an annular groove; FIG.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a circular dimple. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a dimple such as a square triangle having an edge. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a state where algae are planted on the rope of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 shows a pink mangle attached to a tetrahedron with concave grooves.
FIG. 7 shows coral transplants attached to a tetrahedron with concave grooves.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a treadmill
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the main part of FIG. 7

It is an object of the present invention to provide such a tetrapod.

A concrete description will be given below.

The structure body of the present invention is preferably a concrete material. Concrete uses high strength concrete with compressive strength of 30 MPa or more. This is because the strength of the surface must be high because various patterns must be formed on the surface. It also has the advantage of increased durability. Of course, concrete can usually be used to manufacture concrete. It can also be used as a special concrete for tetrapod by mixing concrete admixture materials such as silica fume, fly ash and blast furnace slag. When silica fume is used, the shape of the capillary inside the concrete is distorted, thereby preventing the high alkaline pH from flowing out. When blast furnace slag is used as an admixture material, it has the advantage of releasing iron ion, which helps adhesion of algae.

 When forming a large number of grooves on the surface of the tetrapod, the shape around the grooves is easily broken and the surface is easily deformed. Therefore, it is very difficult to make a groove shape.

    In order to overcome this problem, in the present invention, if a cement having high strength (30 MPa), high fluidity (high performance water reducing agent) and high durability (mineral admixture) is used, grooved tetrapod is possible.

The concrete mixing ratio (Table 1) for producing high-strength tetrapod shows the case where the design standard strength is 30 MPa.

design
standard
burglar
(MPa) Largest size of coarse aggregate
(mm) Slump flow
(mm) Air amount range
(%) Water cement ratio
(W / C)
(%) Fine aggregate rate
(S / a)
(%) water
(kg) cement
(kg) Fine aggregate
(kg) Coarse aggregate
(kg) Admixture material Mixed material
(kg) Admixture
(kg) 30 25 600 3.5 40.5 44.4 170 380 750 950 40 3.8

The design reference strength was set at a minimum of 30 MPa. A design strength of 30 - 50 MPa is adequate. If it is less than 30 MPa, the strength is lowered and breakage easily occurs. If it is more than 50 MPa, the ratio of the binder and the admixture becomes high, which is uneconomical.

Cement is not related to the manufacturer, but in this formulation 380 kg of ordinary portland cement of Tong Yang Cement is used. The mixing amount of Portland cement is used in the range of 300 kg to 600 kg.

For the admixture, 40 kg of silica fume from Taewang Trading Co. was used. The admixture may be silica fume, blast furnace slag, or fly ash, and may be used alone or in combination. Admixtures can be replaced or added within 50% of cement usage

Fine aggregate used 750 kg of sea sand. Crushed sand, sea sand, river sand, stone, recycled sand can be used alone or in combination. The mixing capacity of fine aggregate can be used in the range of 500 kg to 1200 kg.

The coarse aggregate used was 950 kg of basalt crushed aggregate. Crushed stone aggregates, hard rocks and recycled aggregates can be used alone or in combination. The amount of coarse aggregate can be used in the range of 600 kg to 1,500 kg.

Fine aggregates and coarse aggregates can not produce high-quality concrete if they are outside the mixing ratio range. As an admixture, 0.5% of AE water reducing agent was used and 3.8 kg of 1% of total cement was added in the field by adding econex fluidizing agent. Of course, only 0.5% of cement can be used with AE water reducing agent.

The admixture may be a high performance AE water reducing agent and a fluidizing agent alone or in combination. The component may be melamine-based, naphthalene-based, polycarboxylic-based, acrylic-based, cellulose-based or biopolymer-based. The compounding ratio is 0.2% - 3% of cement. When the amount of the admixture is less than 0.2% of the cement, the fluidity is lowered, thereby causing problems in the formation of the tetrahedron grooved grooves. On the other hand, when more than 3% of cement is used, the possibility of material separation increases and economical problems arise

In the present invention, tetrapods having a perforated groove can be produced by having characteristics of high strength, high fluidity and high durability.

High strength is the design standard strength of 30 MPa or more, and high flowability uses high performance AE water reducing agent and fluidizing agent.

The high durability is due to the long-term strength increase because it is mixed with silica fly, blast furnace slag, and fly ash as mineral admixture as well as portland cement.

(1) Previously, the design strength of tetrapod was 21 MPa.

The concrete design strength of the artificial reef structure is also 21 MPa.

(2) Since conventional tetrapods do not have grooves, ordinary concrete may be used.

High-velocity concrete is not required.

However, since the present invention has many grooves, the shape of the grooves must be accurately indicated, so it is necessary to use dense concrete having high fluidity

Specific details for carrying out the present invention are as follows.

First, the steel mold is prepared.

Continuously weld the inside of the steel formwork using each tube to create continuous grooves in the steel formwork consisting of four sets. In order to obtain a concave dimple shape, a convex rubber mat is attached to the steel formwork base material. Finally, assemble each form.

Second, high-strength concrete is placed in the pouring step.

In the case of ordinary concrete, the strong alkali leaching is large and flows out for a long time. Therefore, silica fly, fly ash, and blast furnace slag are mixed with concrete as an admixture for concrete production so that the elution of strong alkaline pH (hydrogen ion concentration index) of concrete is small. At this time, the capillary inside the concrete is discontinuous and the pH elution of the concrete strong alkali is reduced.

Third, it goes through the curing stage.

At least 1 day and up to 2 days of curing period, mold the mold. Load at least 28 days after demolding so that strong alkaline pH remains on the surface due to wind and rain.

Fourth, seaweed rope is transplanted.

Immediately before or after setting the tetrapod of the present invention in water, seaweed spores or seaweed ropes attached to the longitudinal longitudinal grooves and transverse grooves of the present invention attached to the seaweed spores or engraftments such as mackerel, mackerel, marigold, To be established. If a coral is transplanted, it is implanted in a concave grooved groove.

There have been numerous trials and errors in the fabrication of marine plant-friendly tetrapods.

Several examples of trial and error will be described.

Example 1: We have experienced several failures in successive joining of transverse grooves. Form build and join issues

A total of four dies are used to produce one tetrafold of the present invention. One at the bottom and three at the top are used. Three molds must be assembled to form one beam of the present invention. Therefore, the assembled molds must have continuous grooves in the transverse direction, and there is a heat treatment process in the process of making the steel mold, so that deformation of the mold easily occurs. As a result, there is a problem that the lateral grooves are not continuous and discontinuous at the interface. In other words, we have experienced trial and error in making several successive grooves in the transverse direction.

Example 2 Problems were encountered in the width and size of the transverse grooves, and the shape demoulding was not smooth, resulting in breakage of the groove periphery.

The transverse grooves should have a constant width, depth and length to facilitate demolding of the steel formwork.

When the original steel form was made and the concrete was dumped after curing for 24 hours after the concrete was laid, a local breakage easily occurred in the grooves, causing defects on the surface of the tetrapod.

The reason is that the inclination angle according to the width and depth of the grooves formed on the surface of the steel formwork is too steep, so that the grooves easily break around the grooves when the steel formwork is demolded.

The inventors of the present invention invented the above-mentioned failure case as an experience.

The tetrapod of the present invention limits the deformation of the steel formwork by limiting the number of longitudinally continuous grooves to two to four in the steel mold making process. In addition, longitudinal grooves are made to a minimum of one to two per mold.

The width and the depth of the transverse grooves are set so that the shape of the steel form can be easily set by setting the inclination angle to be wide so as to facilitate the demolding of the form, and local breakage does not occur when demoulding the form around the grooves.

The process of producing and installing the tetrapod of the present invention is as follows.

After making and assembling the steel formwork, pour the high strength concrete. After curing for 24 hours, the form is demoulded and exposed to the outdoors for 28 days so that the pH of the surface disappears. The tetrapods are installed in water, and seaweed ropes with matsutake and mulberry are attached to the lateral and longitudinal grooves of the tetrapod.

 Hereinafter, further explanation will be made with reference to the drawings.

The following description will be made with reference to FIG.

Tetrapod (400, 500, 600, 700) consisting of four legs resting on a breakwater;

The material of the tetrapod is concrete and has a compressive strength of 30 MPa to 50 MPa or less,

In order for the compressive strength to be achieved,

The admixture is mixed with the concrete, wherein the admixture is selected from the group consisting of silica fume, fly ash and blast furnace slag, wherein the admixture has a ratio of 12% to 50% by weight of the cement,

Also, the admixture is mixed with the concrete, and the admixture is selected and mixed with the AE water reducing agent and / or the fluidizing agent, and the admixture is used at a ratio of 2.3% to 3%

(100, 200) formed on the outside of the tetrapod having a high strength property with a compressive strength of 30 MPa or more and 50 MPa or less,

And the grooves formed on the outside have an annular groove (100) successively continuous over the corner of the tetrapod.

A plurality of dimples (200, 300) are formed around the annular groove, and useful microorganisms can be formed inside and at the edge of the dimple to constitute a tetrapod that is friendly to marine animals and plants.

And a groove (150) perpendicular to the annular shape.

2 will be described below.

The annular groove on the surface of the tetrapod has a continuous groove having a width of 30 mm to 150 mm and a depth of 10 mm to 50 mm.

If the width is less than 30 mm, more than 150 mm, or less than 10 mm or more than 50 mm, the seaweed rope will not be fixed, the rope will move due to the seawater flow, and difficulties will arise in the rooting of seaweeds.

The role of this groove is to wind the algae rope.

If the width of the groove is less than 30 mm or more than 150 mm, the problem is that the rope fixed in the groove moves to the left or right without being fixed due to the force due to the movement of the current. When the rope is moved by hydraulic force, the roots of the seaweed attached to the rope are not fixed. Therefore, in order for the rope (diameter 10 mm - 30 mm) to be firmly fixed, the width of the groove should not be too narrow or too wide.

The depth of the groove is 10 to 50 mm. If the depth is less than 10 mm, the rope will protrude to the surface, resulting in a strong fluid force and a high probability of dropping. Conversely, if the depth is greater than 50 mm, if the concrete is impacted, There is a problem that it becomes a vulnerable part to be received.

Therefore, the role of the groove is to wind the seaweed rope, and the rope of the seaweed does not migrate despite the movement of the strong current, thereby making the roots of the seaweeds coexist. Therefore, the depth and width of the groove are important.

3 will be described below.

It has marine flora-friendly tetrapods that provide marine microbes, algae, and shellfish habitats because they provide a deep groove, rough surface, and smooth surface texture at the same time with a dimple of 10 mm to 50 mm in diameter and a smooth surface at the same time. . The plurality of dimples show that the plane is circular. This type of tetrapod provides a tetrapod with a composition that is amenable to marine fauna and flora.

This will be described with reference to FIG.

The shape of the plane is partially provided with concave grooves with an acute angle 310, an obtuse angle 330 and a quadrangular edge 320, and the surfaces except the dimple provide a smooth surface, a deep groove, a rough surface, and a smooth surface texture at the same time Thus constituting marine plant-friendly tetrapods that provide marine microbes, algae and shellfish habitats.

In addition, the plane of the dimple has a configuration with an angle of corners by having a concave portion having an acute angle 310, a right angle 320, or an obtuse angle 330.

The dimples are partially so that marine microorganisms can be used in the interior and the corners of the concave dimples.

When the diameter is less than 10 mm or more than 50 mm, there is a problem that the efficiency is lower than the size of useful marine microorganisms.

The shape of the planar surface has the advantage that the concave grooves with acute angles, obtuse angles and square corners are partially formed on the surface, which makes it easy to attach useful microorganisms or seaweed spores to the corners and protects them from food attack by fishes.

In particular, when coral is implanted, coral roots can be easily attached to concave grooves. Underwater adhesives are used for attachment, but if there are no concave coarse grooves and smooth surfaces, coral roots can not be attached. Even if it is attached temporarily, it will easily fall off due to strong tidal currents and typhoons. Therefore, concave rough grooves of tetrapod are essential for coral implantation.

In the fish food attack, marine microorganisms and algae spores are sheltered if they have many corners.

The dimples constitute a marine plant-friendly tetrapod providing a surface where the surface of the tetrapod is composed of a rougher surface to allow marine microorganisms or algae to grow.

That is, the surface having the dimples is composed of a rough surface, and the surface other than the dimples is composed of a smooth surface to simultaneously provide marine microorganisms, algae, coral and shellfish habitat. will be.

The presence of a smooth surface at the same time, shellfish such as rollover can attach strongly to surfaces when attached to smooth surfaces, so shellfish prefer smooth surfaces. On the other hand, seaweed spores tend to attach well to the concave grooves and the smooth surface interface.

5 and 6 will be described.

The tetrapods of the present invention were fabricated and a total of 10 samples were placed in the 15m depth zone on the coast of Seogwipo City in Jeju Island. Figures 5 and 6 show photographs taken three months after the release. As a result of the investigation after the mid-sized typhoon bar, the seaweed rope did not fall into the strong current movement by the typhoon as shown in FIG.

This is because the rope has a large movement resistance due to the fluid force because there is an appropriately sized groove to wind the rope. In addition, the seaweeds attached to the rope were observed to stably lower new roots.

6 is as follows.

Marine microorganisms are first attached to grooves with dimples, acute angles, square angles, and obtuse angles. It has been proven through underwater observation that it is a new surface texture that provides a habitat for marine microorganisms.

An example of a case where a pink squiggle 160 is attached to a groove is shown.

7 is as follows.

This is a picture of the corrugated surface of the corrugated surface 180, which has been implanted into the rectangular dimple 190 groove. It is constructed so that a variety of marine microorganisms can live in one tetrapod.

(TTP), providing marine microbes, seaweeds, corals and shellfish habitats simultaneously.

In the present invention, a circular dimple and a square dimple are separately formed, but a circular dimple or a square dimple can be formed without being separated.
The dimples may be configured so that two or more dimples of a square shape having a circular shape, acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle are mixed.

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Coral attachment is as follows. The coral roots of the transplantation target are cut off to a minimum extent of damage. Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > tetrahedrally < / RTI > Using an underwater adhesive (epoxy is used in the present invention), the root portion of the coral located in the perforated groove is wrapped. After a curing period of 10 to 20 minutes, the coral root is firmly fixed and the implant is completed.

1: tetrapod 2: tetrapod body 10: non-slip plate 14: handle hole
16: bolt hole 20: abrading plate 21: bolt hole 22: handle hole
23: space maintaining hole 24: bolt 25:
100: an annular groove 110: a rope 150: a groove perpendicular to an annulus 160: a pink spindle
180: Coral 190: Square dimple 200: Dimple surface 210: Dimple
300: groove having a corner angle 310: acute angle groove 320: right angle groove 330: obtuse angle groove
400,500,600,700: each leg of the tetrapod 1000: tetrapod

Claims (8)

Tetrapod consisting of four legs resting on a breakwater;
The material of the tetrapod is concrete and has a compressive strength of 30 MPa to 50 MPa or less,
In order for the compressive strength to be achieved,
The concrete is mixed with an admixture, and the admixture is selected from silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag,
The admixture is used in a proportion of 5% to 50% by weight of the cement,
Also, the admixture is mixed with the concrete, and the admixture is selected and mixed with the AE water reducing agent and / or the fluidizing agent, and the admixture is used at a ratio of 0.2% to 3%
And has a groove formed on the outside of the tetrapod having a high strength property with a compressive strength of 30 MPa or more and 50 MPa or less,
Wherein the grooves formed on the outside are tetrapods having annular grooves continuously extending over the cone angle of the tetrapod,
Wherein the annular groove has a width of 30 to 150 mm and a depth of 10 to 50 mm,
A plurality of dimples are formed around the annular groove,
The plane of the dimples may be a mixture of two or more of square-shaped dimples having concave portions having an acute angle, a right angle, or an obtuse angle
Since the cross section has the same dimple depth, the shape of the plane and the shape of the inner surface are made the same,
Wherein the dimpled surface is formed of a rough surface and the surface other than the dimpled surface is formed of a smooth surface to simultaneously provide a habitat of marine microorganisms, algae, corals and shellfishes, and a useful microorganism is formed in the dimples and corners A method for producing a tetrapod characterized in that
In order to form continuous grooves in a set of four steel plates, the inside of the steel mold is continuously welded by using each tube,
A step of preparing a forced mold for attaching a convex rubber mat to the steel formwork base material to assemble the concave dimple shape;
Mixing the admixture material in concrete production so as to reduce elution of strong alkaline pH (hydrogen ion concentration index) of the concrete after the compulsory die preparation step, and then placing high strength concrete in the forced formwork;
A high strength concrete curing step of demolding the formwork after a curing period of at least 1 day and a maximum of 2 days;
A seaweed rope grafting step in which a seaweed rope attached with seaweed spores or engrafted on the cured high-strength concrete tetrapod;
Attaching seaweeds or coral roots to the dimples using an underwater adhesive; To form an annular groove, a dimple, and a smooth surface. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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