KR101761801B1 - Composition for determining nose phenotype - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for determining a phenotype of a nose, more specifically, a composition for determining a nose phenotype comprising a SNP associated with a nose phenotype, means for detecting the marker, A kit for determining a phenotype, a microarray for determining a phenotype comprising the marker, and a method for providing information for determining a phenotype using the composition or kit. The marker of the present invention is a specific gene marker for determining the size among nose phenotypes and can be used as a means for objectively evaluating the size of the nose so that it can be widely used for constitution discrimination and effective health management, It can be used for crime investigation.

Description

[Composition for determining nose phenotype]

The present invention relates to a composition for determining a phenotype of a nose, more specifically, a composition for determining a nose phenotype comprising a SNP associated with a nose phenotype, means for detecting the marker, A kit for determining a phenotype, a microarray for determining a phenotype comprising the marker, and a method for providing information for determining a phenotype using the composition or kit.

With increasing quality of life and increasing interest in quality of life, preference for proactive health management such as health status measurement and proper exercise management is increasing. The most important information required for such management is information on the constitution of the subject, current health status, and the like. Since the present state of health of the subject continuously changes according to the surrounding environment and the living environment of the subject, it is practically difficult to perform the health management using the variable as a variable. However, since the constitution of the subject rarely changes, It is necessary to develop a method for use.

In this regard, in Sasang Medicine, it is suggested that different treatment methods are effective for different diseases and symptoms according to the constitution, and human constitution is divided into 4 kinds according to the deviation of the 5th and 5th centuries. In order to distinguish the constitution based on the ideological medicine, a method of identifying and identifying each sickness through the "Sasang Constitutional Discrimination Program (QSSCCII)" certified by the Sasang Constitutional Medicine Society is used. However, such conventional methods often depend on the subjective judgment of the diagnosis person, which limits the credibility. Therefore, studies for determining the constitution based on more objective facts have been actively conducted.

The face phenotype is one of the most prominent phenotypes that represent differences between individuals. Although it is certain that it is regulated by genetic characteristics, the mechanism of action of genes on facial phenotype determination is almost unknown. In addition, studies on the genetic risk of disease and genetic features of facial phenotypes are lacking.

In this situation, a full-length genome-wide association study (GWAS) study of one of the facial phenotypes, the co-phenotype, was conducted by Patemoster L. et al. (Am J Hum Genet 90, 478-485, 2012) and Liu F. et al PLoS Genet 8, e1002932). However, it is a result of research on European people whose genetic traits are quite different from those of Asian people including Koreans. So far, studies on Asians have been lacking.

On the other hand, the montage in the criminal investigation is used when the photograph of the criminal to be ordered is not available. The current method used when composing a montage is to find the similarities and characteristics of the criminal based on the memories of those who witnessed the face of the criminal and to identify similar parts of the outline, eyes, nose, mouth, ear, chin, eyebrows, It synthesizes and replicates by picking. We are making a montage photograph with high accuracy by repeating the correction until we reconfirm this basic photograph to the witness and agree with the image of the culprit that the witness has. However, there is a possibility that the memory of the witness may be distorted, and the montage created by the current method often does not coincide with the face of the criminal who was arrested. Thus, there is a growing need for the montage to be based on more objective facts, such as arrest of criminals by DNA analysis of suspects.

Under these circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have sought to develop a method for deriving hereditary inheritance in the nose phenotype. As a result, SNPs associated with the nose phenotype have been found out. When SNPs are used, The present invention has been accomplished by confirming that genetic influences of nosocomial phenotype related diseases can be derived and used for criminal investigation.

One object of the present invention is to provide a marker for determining a phenotype of a nose comprising a SNP associated with a nose phenotype.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition for determining a phenotype of a nose comprising means capable of detecting the marker.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a kit for determining a phenotype of a nose comprising the composition.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a microarray for determining the phenotype of a marker comprising the marker.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for providing information for determining a phenotype of a cohort using the composition or kit.

(A) a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is A or G at the 301st base, and 5 to 1,000 nucleotides including the 301st nucleotide in the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1, Polynucleotides consisting of consecutive bases; (b) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or T in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the 301st base; (c) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or T in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the 301st base; (d) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or G in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the 301st base; (e) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or A in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the 301st base; And (f) a polynucleotide complementary to any one of the polynucleotides of (a) to (f).

The polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 may comprise rs3105176 which is the SNP, and the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 may comprise rs2159042 which is the SNP, The polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 may comprise the SNP rs2024070, and the polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 may comprise the SNP rs2193054, wherein the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: RTI ID = 0.0 > rs2058742 < / RTI >

The term "nose phenotype" of the present invention refers to nose area, nose angle, nose height, and nose length formed when three points are designated in the nose side photograph Means a continuous variable. The phenotype of nasal morphology is also highly applicable to the determination of constitution in Sasang Constitutional Medicine and is also a key variable in the Sasang constitutional analysis tool (SCAT).

In one example of the present invention, in the polynucleotides of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 5 comprising the SNP, the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the 301st base of G is relatively nose-sized The tendency to decrease; Individuals with polynucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 2 and C-301 base C were found to have a tendency to increase nose size relative to individuals with bases T; The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 3 showed that the nucleotide at the 301-th base had a tendency to increase in nose size relative to the nucleotide of the nucleotide of T; Individuals with polynucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 4 at the 301 < th > base were found to have a tendency to increase nose size relative to those with the base at G; The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 5 showed that the 301-base of A tended to have a relatively smaller nose size than that of the base of C-base.

Among the genetic variations of the polynucleotides containing the 5 SNPs, the frequency of alleles having an influence of increasing the nose height and size is known to be higher in western people than in Asian people including Koreans. Thus, the above experimental example can explain some of the racial differences between Western and Asian natives.

In addition, the nasal impact of polynucleotides containing the 5 SNPs is likely to have medically important implications. Among the polynucleotides containing 5 SNPs, the SNPs contained in the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 located in chromosome 8 are present in the VPS13B gene, which functions as a membrane-mediated transporter and a protein in the cell ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > a < / RTI > potential membrane protein. The gene plays a role in developing the eye, blood system and central nervous system, and mutation of the gene may cause Cohen's syndrome and the like. The base sequence of the VPS13B gene can be obtained from a known database such as NCBI's GenBank. Examples of the base sequence include GenBank Accession HF584359.1 and NM_017890.4. Specific examples thereof include the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 Polynucleotides < / RTI >

The SNPs contained in the polynucleotides of SEQ ID NOS: 2 to 5, which are located on the chromosome 17 among the polynucleotides containing 5 SNPs, are selected from the group consisting of the genes (SRY (sex determining region Y) - box 9) gene located near the gene. Mutations in the gene may result in actinic anomalies or Robin syndrome. The nucleotide sequence of the SOX9 gene can be obtained from a known database such as NCBI's GenBank. For example, GenBank Accession NM_000346.3, NG_012490.1, etc. may be used.

The term "polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 5" of the present invention refers to a nose area, a nose angle, a nose height and a nose length, A polymorphic sequence comprising a polymorphic site of a gene involved in a polynucleotide sequence, wherein the polymorphic sequence means a sequence comprising a polymorphic site containing a SNP in the polynucleotide sequence. The polynucleotide sequence may be DNA or RNA.

The term "polymorphism " of the present invention refers to a case where two or more alleles exist in one locus, and among polymorphic sites, only a single base is different from a single base polymorphism single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP). As a specific example, a polymorphic marker has two or more alleles showing a frequency of occurrence of 1% or more, more preferably 5% or 10% or more in the selected population.

The term "allele " of the present invention refers to various types of a gene existing on the same locus of a homologous chromosome. Alleles are also used to represent polymorphisms, for example, SNPs have two kinds of bialles.

As another embodiment for achieving the above object, the present invention provides a composition for determining a ko phenotype, which comprises an agent capable of detecting or amplifying a marker for determining the ko-phenotype.

The term "agents capable of detecting or amplifying markers" of the present invention means agents capable of specifically recognizing SNPs contained in markers for the determination of co-phenotype or amplifying SNPs, May be a probe capable of specifically binding to a polymorphic site containing a SNP, a polynucleotide comprising the SNP marker, or a primer capable of specifically amplifying a complementary polynucleotide of the polynucleotide.

The term "probe " of the present invention refers to a nucleic acid fragment such as RNA or DNA corresponding to a few bases or a few hundred bases, which can be specifically bound to mRNA, and is labeled The presence or absence of a specific mRNA can be confirmed. The probe can be produced in the form of an oligonucleotide probe, a single stranded DNA probe, a double stranded DNA probe, an RNA probe, or the like.

In the present invention, a probe used to recognize and bind to a SNP marker includes a sequence complementary to a polynucleotide sequence including a SNP, and may be a DNA, RNA, or DNA-RNA hybrid form . Further, fluorescent markers, radiation markers, and the like can be additionally attached to the 5 'or 3' ends of the probe so as to be visually recognizable.

The term "primer" of the present invention means a base sequence having a short free 3 'hydroxyl group and can form base pairs with a complementary template, It means a short sequence functioning as a point. The primers used in the present invention for the amplification of SNP markers can be amplified by PCR using appropriate conditions in suitable buffers (for example, 4 different nucleoside triphosphates and polymerase such as DNA, RNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase) Stranded oligonucleotide that can serve as a starting point for the directed DNA synthesis. The appropriate length of the primer may vary depending on the purpose of use, but it may be generally used in a size of 15 to 30 nucleotides. The primer sequence is not necessarily completely complementary to the polynucleotide comprising the SNP marker or its complementary polynucleotide, and can be used if it is sufficiently complementary to hybridize.

The primers can also be modified, for example, by methylation, capping, substitution of nucleotides or modifications between nucleotides, such as uncharged linkers (e.g., methylphosphonate, phosphotriester, phosphoramidate, Carbamates, etc.) or charged linkages (e.g., phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates, etc.).

As another embodiment for achieving the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a kit for determining a phenotype of a nose comprising the composition. Specifically, the kit may be, but not limited to, a Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) kit or a kit for DNA analysis (eg, a DNA chip).

The kit of the present invention can be used to determine the expression of the SNP by amplification of the base of the SNP provided by the present invention or to determine the expression level of the mRNA by determining the expression of the SNP. As a specific example, the kit provided in the present invention may be a kit containing essential elements necessary for carrying out RT-PCR.

For example, in addition to the respective primer pairs specific for the SNPs, RT-PCR kits may also include test tubes or other appropriate containers, reaction buffers (varying in pH and magnesium concentration), deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) , Enzymes such as Taq polymerase and reverse transcriptase, DNase, RNAse inhibitors, DEPC-water, sterile water, and the like. It may also contain a primer pair specific for the gene used as a quantitative control.

As another example, the kit of the present invention may be a DNA chip kit for determining a phenotype including essential elements necessary for performing a DNA chip.

The term "DNA chip" of the present invention means one of DNA microarrays capable of confirming each base of hundreds of thousands of DNAs at a time.

The DNA chip kit is formed by attaching nucleic acid species to a glass surface, which is generally not larger than a flat solid support plate, typically a slide for a microscope, in a gridded array. The nucleic acid is uniformly arranged on the chip surface, It is a tool that enables multiple parallel hybridization reactions between the nucleic acid on the chip and the complementary nucleic acid contained in the treated solution on the chip surface.

In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a microarray for determining the phenotype of a nose including the marker for determining the nose phenotype.

Specifically, the microarray comprises (a) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is A or G in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, ; (b) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or T in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the 301st base; (c) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or T in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the 301st base; (d) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or G in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the 301st base; (e) a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases, wherein the 301st base is C or A in the polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the 301st base; And (f) a polynucleotide complementary to the polynucleotides of (a) to (f).

The microarray may comprise DNA or RNA polynucleotides. The microarray comprises a conventional microarray except that the polynucleotide of the present invention is contained in the probe polynucleotide.

Methods for producing microarrays by immobilizing probe polynucleotides on a substrate are well known in the art. The probe polynucleotide means a polynucleotide capable of hybridizing, and means an oligonucleotide capable of binding to the complementary strand of the nucleic acid in a sequence-specific manner. The probe of the present invention is an allele-specific probe in which a polymorphic site exists in a nucleic acid fragment derived from two members of the same species and hybridizes to a DNA fragment derived from one member but does not hybridize to a fragment derived from another member . In this case, the hybridization conditions show a significant difference in the intensity of hybridization between alleles, and should be sufficiently stringent to hybridize to only one of the alleles. This can lead to good hybridization differences between different allelic forms. The probe of the present invention can be used for determining a phenotype of a cochlea by detecting an allele. The determination method includes detection methods based on hybridization of nucleic acids such as Southern blot, and may be provided in a form pre-bonded to a substrate of a DNA chip in a method using a DNA chip. The hybridization can usually be performed under stringent conditions, for example, a salt concentration of 1 M or less and a temperature of 25 ° C or higher. For example, conditions of 5x SSPE (750 mM NaCl, 50 mM Na Phosphate, 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4) and 25-30 < 0 > C may be suitable for allele-specific probe hybridization.

Immobilization of the probe polynucleotide on the substrate associated with the co-phenotype determination of the present invention can also be easily performed using this conventional technique. In addition, hybridization of nucleic acids on a microarray and detection of hybridization results are well known in the art. The detection can be accomplished, for example, by labeling the nucleic acid sample with a labeling substance capable of generating a detectable signal comprising a fluorescent material, such as Cy3 and Cy5, and then hybridizing on the microarray and generating The hybridization result can be detected.

(A) a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 5 or a complementary polynucleotide of the SNPs of SEQ ID Nos. 1 to 5 from the DNA of the sample separated from the individual, Amplifying a polymorphic site; And (b) determining the base of the amplified polymorphic site. At this time, DNA of the separated sample can be obtained from a sample isolated from an individual.

As described above, the markers for the determination of the naturally occurring phenotype provided in the present invention include respective SNPs contained in the polynucleotides of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 5,

The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 judges that the nucleotide corresponding to the 301 th nucleotide is A is relatively larger in nose size than the nucleotide of the nucleotide of G; The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 2 judges that the nucleotide corresponding to the 301 th nucleotide is C has a relatively larger nose size than the nucleotide of the nucleotide of T; The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 3 judges that the nucleotide corresponding to the 301-th nucleotide is C has a relatively larger nose size than the nucleotide of the nucleotide of T; The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 4 judges that the nucleotide corresponding to the 301 th nucleotide is C has a relatively larger nose size than the nucleotide of the nucleotide of which the nucleotide is G; It can be concluded that an individual having base No. 301 corresponding to the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 5 is C is relatively larger in nose size than the base having base No. A.

In addition, an individual having a base G corresponding to the 301-th nucleotide of the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 judges that the nose size is relatively smaller than that of the base having the base A; The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 2 judges that the nucleotide corresponding to the 301 th nucleotide is T is relatively smaller in nose size than the nucleotide of the nucleotide C; The polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 3 judges that the nucleotide corresponding to the 301 th nucleotide is T is relatively smaller in nose size than the nucleotide of C; An individual having a base G corresponding to the 301-th nucleotide of the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 4 judges that the nose size is relatively smaller than that of the base having the base C; It can be concluded that an individual having base No. 301 corresponding to the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 5 is relatively smaller in nose size than an entity having base C in the nucleotide sequence.

Thus, by determining the bases of the respective SNPs, it is possible to objectively predict or determine the phenotype, particularly the size, of an individual comprising the SNP. The nose phenotype of an object that is objectively predicted or determined may be provided as nose phenotype information on which the sasang constitution of the entity is determined.

The term "individual" of the present invention refers to a person who is a target for determining a co-phenotype, and uses the isolated specimen obtained from the person to analyze the base of the polymorphic site including the SNP to determine the ko expression . Examples of the specimen include, but are not limited to, hair, urine, blood, various body fluids, separated tissues, separated cells or saliva, and the like.

The step of amplifying the polymorphic site of the SNP from the DNA of step (a) may be any method known to those skilled in the art. For example, the target nucleic acid can be obtained by PCR amplification and purification thereof. Other ligase chain reaction (LCR) (Wu and Wallace, Genomics 4, 560 (1989), Landegren et al., Science 241, 1077 (1988)), transcription amplification (Kwoh et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sequence amplification based on nucleic acids (NASBA) can be used as well as self-sustaining sequence replication (Guatelli et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1874 (1990)).

Determination of the base of the amplified polymorphic site in step (b) of the above method can be carried out by sequencing, hybridization by microarray, allele specific PCR, dynamic allele- PCR-SSCP, PCR-RFLP analysis or TaqMan technique, SNPlex platform (Applied Biosystems), mass spectrometry (e.g., Sequenom's MassARRAY system), mini-sequencing method , The Bio-Plex system (BioRad), the CEQ and SNPstream system (Beckman), the Molecular Inversion probe array technology (e.g. Affymetrix GeneChip), and BeadArray Technologies (e.g. Illumina GoldenGate and Infinium analysis) But is not limited thereto. The alleles can be identified in polynucleotides comprising the SNPs by methods described above or other methods available to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. The base at such a mutation site can be determined preferably through a DNA chip.

The TaqMan method comprises the steps of (1) designing and preparing a primer and a TaqMan probe to amplify a desired DNA fragment; (2) labeling probes of different alleles with FAM dyes and VIC dyes (Applied Biosystems); (3) performing PCR using the DNA as a template and using the primer and the probe; (4) after completion of the PCR reaction, analyzing and confirming the TaqMan assay plate with a nucleic acid analyzer; And (5) determining the base of the polynucleotides of step (1) from the analysis results.

The sequencing analysis can be performed using a conventional method for nucleotide sequencing, and can be performed using an automated gene analyzer. In addition, allele-specific PCR means a PCR method in which a DNA fragment in which the mutation is located is amplified with a primer set including a primer designed with the base at the 3 'end at which the mutation site is located. The principle of the above method is that, for example, when a specific base is substituted by A to G, an opposite primer capable of amplifying a primer containing the A as a 3 'terminal base and a DNA fragment of an appropriate size is designed, When the base at the mutation position is A, the amplification reaction is normally performed and a band at a desired position is observed. When the base is substituted with G, the primer can be complementarily bound to the template DNA, 3 'terminus does not perform complementary binding so that the amplification reaction can not be performed properly. DASH can be performed by a conventional method, preferably by a method such as Prince et al.

PCR extension analysis is performed by first amplifying a DNA fragment containing a base in which a single nucleotide polymorphism is located into a pair of primers, inactivating all the nucleotides added to the reaction by dephosphorylation, and adding a specific extension primer, dNTP mixture , Digoxinucleotide, reaction buffer, and DNA polymerase to perform primer extension reaction. At this time, the extension primer has the 3 'end immediately adjacent to the 5' direction of the base where the mutation site is located, and the nucleic acid having the same base as the didyoxynucleotide is excluded in the dNTP mixture, and the didyoxynucleotide has a mutation ≪ / RTI > For example, when dGTP, dCTP and TTP mixture and ddATP are added to the reaction in the presence of substitution from A to G, the primer is extended by the DNA polymerase in the base in which the substitution has occurred, The primer extension reaction is terminated by ddATP at the position where the base first appears. If the substitution has not occurred, the extension reaction is terminated at the position, so that it is possible to discriminate the kind of base showing the mutation by comparing the length of the extended primer.

At this time, as a detection method, when the extension primer or the didyxin nucleotide is fluorescently labeled, the mutation is detected by detecting fluorescence using a gene analyzer (for example, Model 3700 manufactured by ABI Co., Ltd.) used for general nucleotide sequence determination And when the unlabeled extension primer and the didyxin nucleotide are used, the genetic variation of the SNP can be detected by measuring the molecular weight using a MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight) technique .

The marker of the present invention is a specific gene marker for determining the size among nose phenotypes and can be used as a means for objectively evaluating the size of the nose so that it can be widely used for constitution discrimination and effective health management, It can be used for crime investigation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing phenotypes representing the features of the lateral nose. FIG.
2 is a schematic diagram showing the process of discovering the SNP of the present invention.
3 is a chart showing the results of analyzing the SNP of the present invention as a result of East Asia HapMap.
4 is a graph showing a regional plot of the chromosome 17-related region for the nasal angle phenotype (ln_PA_12_14_21).

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by these embodiments.

Example  1: Selection of study subjects and setting of the phenotype of the lateral nose

(1) Selection of subjects

The subjects of the present invention were composed of three large population groups, which were collected in the Anseong and Ansan area groups, the collections collected for the constitutional diagnosis in many oriental medicine hospitals, Group. Of the adults over 20 years of age with facial phenotypes in the population, 9,416 were collected excluding cancer patients who may affect facial phenotypes. Among them, 3,897 were male and 5,519 female .

Specifically, the Anseong-Ansan area group was a group (hereinafter referred to as "discovery group") who collected facial phenotypes in cooperation with the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) project from 2009 to 2012. Among the 5,596 men, 2,634 And 2,962 women and men.

The subjects who were collected for the purpose of diagnosing constitution in many oriental medicine hospitals were those who collected 21 kinds of oriental medicine hospitals from 2007 to 2012 as part of Korea Constitution Multicenter Study (KCMS) 1 group), consisting of 678 males and 1,220 females out of a total of 1,898.

The study population, regardless of the constitutional diagnosis, was collected from two oriental hospitals (validation 2 group) for two years from 2011 to 2012, consisting of 585 men and 1,337 women among a total of 1,922 persons.

(2) Setting the detailed criteria of the lateral nose phenotype

Facial phenotype is defined by traits such as area, angle, and distance, connecting major feature points based on photographs of frontal and lateral sides. The phenotypes representing the features of the lateral nose are those connected with the feature points specified in the lateral photograph of the subject, and there are nine phenotypes for the nose area, length, height, and angle.

As shown in FIG. 1, the area of the nose has one phenotype as the area (PArea_12_14_21) of the triangle connecting 12, 14 and 21, the length of the nose is between 12 and 21 (PD_12_21), 12 and 14 or 14 (PDV_12_14, PDV_14_21), and the height of the nose has two phenotypes as horizontal lines (PDH_12_14 and PDH_14_21) connecting 14 and 12 or 21. The angle of the nose has three expressions as acute angle (PA_14_12) formed by the nose contour partial angles (PA_12_14_21) 12,14 consisting of 12, 14 and 21, and acute angle PA_14_21 made by 14 and 21.

Among the phenotypes of the lateral nose, the in-group distribution is made to be similar to the normal distribution through the ln-transformation of the phenotype that is heavily deviated from the normal distribution and elongated tail. These phenotypes were 6 out of 9 phenotypes and corresponded to the area of the nose (ln_PArea_12_14_21), the length expressions of the nose (ln_PD_12_21, ln_PDV_14_21), the height of the nose (ln_PDH_14_21), and the angle expressions of the nose (ln_PA_14_21, ln_PA_12_14_21) .

Samples representing outliers in each of the facial phenotypes were excluded from the analysis because they could reduce the reliability of the statistical results. The content of the expression of the above-described co-phenotype is described in two previous publications (Do et al., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12: 85; and Do et al., Integrative Medicine Research 2012, 35).

Example  2: SNP ( Single nucleotide polymorphism ) Confirmatory genotyping

Genotyping of SNPs was performed in two ways. The Discovery group determined the SNP allelic genotype using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 5.0 (Affymetrix).

Genotyping of groups 1 and 2 of the validation was determined by unlabeled oligonucleotide probe (UOP). That is, the complementary DNA strand at the SNP position is more likely to undergo DNA strand breakage than the complementary strand at the SNP position when the temperature is gradually increased in a real-time PCR device called LightCycler 480. [ Melting) at a relatively high temperature. As a result, the pattern of melting through UOP genotyping is classified into three types according to major homozygotes, heterozygotes and minor homozygotes, and SNP-opposing genotypes can be determined accordingly.

In the Discovery group, SNPs with a low call rate (≤95%), a minor allele frequency (<5%), and SNPs deviating from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found in a total of 500,568 SNPs on the Affymetrix SNP array 311,944 SNPs except for p <0.0001) were used in the genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the association with facial phenotype.

The validation 1 group was subjected to a first-order validation (cut-off p-value: 0.1) of the face phenotype association of the selected candidate SNPs with a cut-off of p <5.0 x 10 ^-6 in the GWAS analysis of the discovery group. , And the second validation (cut-off p-value: 0.05) was performed on validation 2 groups for the first-tested SNPs.

Example  3: Statistical association analysis

GWAS analysis of the lateral nose phenotype was performed by multiple linear regression analysis on the discovery group. The sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and collection area were used as the correction variables. PLINK (version 1.07) was used as analysis program for GWAS analysis. Quantile-quantile plots and genomic controlled inflation factors (λ) were used to determine if there was population stratification in the study population. Through the Manhattan plot, we were able to identify SNP sites that showed chromosomal associations. Quantile-quantile plots and Manhattan plots were analyzed using the R program (version 3.0.2).

As in the GWAS analysis, multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the lateral nose phenotype with correction variables, or collection area (in the case of validation 2 groups), as in the validation analysis of validation 1 and 2 groups Respectively. We used PLINK or R program.

Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program, version 2.0 (Biostat), was used for meta-analysis to incorporate discrete results from discovery groups and validation 1 and 2 groups, and fixed effects model results were obtained.

The significance level of the SNP associations for integration meta-analysis p <5.0 × 10 ^{- 8} were to, when selecting a candidate SNP associated in each group was set to a cut-off p-value referred to in Example 2.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was analyzed by chi-square analysis, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis between SNPs was analyzed using the Haploview (version 4.2) program.

The contents confirmed through the above examples are summarized in the following experimental examples.

Experimental Example  1. Side-coil phenotype association SNP  Excavation course

The process of identifying SNP-associated SNPs is listed in FIG. GWAS analysis (discovery phase) was performed on the discovery group in which nine consecutive variables were determined, and the SNP to be tested for association was <5.0 x 10 ^-6 . SNPs within 250 kb of the first selected GWAS SNPs were considered to be connected to each other, and only SNPs having a significant significance among the SNPs were selected and analyzed through validation steps 1 and 2.

The candidate GWAS SNPs selected at the discovery stage were re-analyzed for association with the lateral coil phenotype after determining SNP alleles by additional genotyping in groups 1 and 2 of validation.

The genetic influence on the phenotype of the lateral nose was suggested by integrating the association between the discovery phase and the validation stage through the meta - analysis technique.

Experimental Example  2. Side phenotype association SNP Marker  Analysis

A total of 34 GWAS SNPs with a p value of <5.0 x 10 ^-6 and within 250 kb were selected, as shown in Table 1, as a result of GWAS analysis (discovery step) of 5,596 persons in the Discovery group, Six groups were selected for the nose area, five for the nose length, nine for the nose height, and 14 for the nose angle. Except for the redundancy of the SNPs in which the associations are repeated in various phenotypes among the 34 SNPs, the number of purely related SNPs was 22.

(Group: phenotype group; CHR: chromosome number; MAF: minor allele frequency; SE: standard error)

(Group: phenotype group; CHR: chromosome number; MAF: minor allele frequency; SE: standard error)

(Group: phenotype group; CHR: chromosome number; MAF: minor allele frequency; SE: standard error)

(Group: phenotype group; CHR: chromosome number; MAF: minor allele frequency; SE: standard error)

As shown in Table 2, in the first verification of the association phenotype of sideco in the validation 1 group for 34 candidate GWAS SNPs (no redundant association is considered), the SNP in which the individual co-phenotype association effect of SNP is reproduced is 16 It came out as a dog. For each nose phenotype group, 2 for nose area, 1 for nose length, 4 for nose height, and 8 for nose angle were verified, and the number of purely related SNPs except duplicate association was 8.

As shown in the above Table 3, in the second validation of the side-ko phenotype association in the validation 2 group for the 16 SNPs validated in validation 1 (no redundant association was considered), the associative effect of a total of 12 SNPs was reproduced . For each nose phenotype group, 2 for nose area, 0 for nose length, 4 for nose height, and 6 for nose angle were verified, and the number of purely related SNPs except duplicate association was 5. As a result of meta-analysis on the five SNPs tested up to the second degree, it was found that the p value was <5.0 x 10 ^-8 , statistically significant as shown in Table 4 above.

As a result, there were 5 SNPs showing significant correlation in the Korean side phenotype, 1 in rs3105176 on chromosome 8, 4 in rs2159042, rs2024070, rs2193054, and rs2058742 on chromosome 17. Since the chromosome 17 SNP of the present invention is adjacent to each other in position, analysis of LD between these SNPs reveals whether the co-expression-type associations of SNPs are independent of each other. As shown in FIG. 3, which shows the result of analyzing the LD among the SNPs in East Asia HapMap results, the SNP of chromosome 17 showed strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between rs2159042 and rs2024070, weak LDs of rs2193054 and rs2058742, There was no LD between the SNP and the following two SNPs. In other words, the coexpression-type associations of each pair of LD-related SNPs are not independent, but there is no LD between the rs2159042 and rs2024070 LD groups and the rs2193054 and rs2058742 LD groups, indicating that the associations to the co-phenotypes are independent of each other. Thus, we concluded that there are two SNPs (chromosomes 17, 2, 3, and 4) that are independent of each other in relation to the lateral coil phenotype (rs2024070 and rs2193054, respectively) and chromosome 8 (rs3105176).

Experimental Example  3. Side phenotype association SNP Marker  Interpret results

The larger the nose, the greater the nose area and nose height, while the smaller the nose angle. Three minor SNPs (rs2159042, rs2024070, rs2193054) tended to increase nose size and two (rs2058742, rs3105176) tended to decrease nose size.

In the vicinity of chromosome 17 SNPs, the gene for sex determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) is located. Interestingly, this gene is involved in the differentiation of chondrocytes, and mutation in this gene leads to campomelic dysplasia. Among the phenotypic changes, nasal bridge is lowered in the nasal form . It is also known that cohen syndrome is caused by a mutation in the gene called VPS13B (vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (yeast)) near chromosome 8 rs3105176, and the ratio of the phenotypes of the above syndromes And a tendency to increase. Therefore, the influence of these SNPs on the nasal form is likely to have medically important implications.

In addition, as shown in Table 5 below, the frequency of alleles having the influence of increasing the nose size among the genetic mutations of these 5 SNPs was 3 out of 5 (C of rs2159042, C of rs2024070, A of rs3105176) Is known to be higher in white than in Asian, including Koreans, so white can explain some of the racial differences in the nose compared to Asians.

An example of a regional plot of the chromosome 17 region of the lateral coil phenotype is shown in FIG. 4 for the nasal angle phenotype, ln_PA_12_14_21. The SNPs with p <5.0 x 10 ^-8 are located in the vicinity of two chromosomes, rs2193054 and rs2058742 are located near the middle peak SNP, and another There are rs2159042 and rs2024070 in the related region. Except for these SNPs, the other SNPs near SOX9 all have a p <1.0 x 10 ^-6 .

From the above description, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. In this regard, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

<110> Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine <120> Composition for determining nose phenotype <130> KPA150503-KR <160> 5 <170> KoPatentin 3.0 <210> 1 <211> 601 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> SNP <400> 1 ttcttaccaa gtataccaag tagtgttaaa aattgaagtc ttagtgattc gagatgttat 60 tttctctcag ttctccatcc ttggaatatg atattcttct gtctgttgga aggagggttt 120 aatttaagca tacttctact ctataaacct atacataaag aaaggctata tatattgcct 180 tttatttaat aagcatcctt atctggaatt agtttatgct ttttattaga tgttgtgttg 240 cattagacag ctaaccaaaa acctgatttt tttatagctt ctcaagttgt aggaatttct 300 rttgtagcag atttagaact acttattttg taaaagcatt tatatgaaaa ctgcacaaac 360 agtgagatat ttgctttgct tggtgtattt gggacaaaga gtaactatac tgtcttcagg 420 tttaactcta taattttctc taatagtaaa tcccagaaca ctgttacttt gctatgcttg 480 gtgcctaagt gttcttgcag taaacacttg cctgtcattc tatgaaaatc ttccccattg 540 ggcctccttc tgaggttgca gggaaattga attttcttct gactgaaaga tgttataaaa 600 c 601 <210> 2 <211> 601 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> SNP <400> 2 tagaaaaaaa aaggaaacag attctctcat aatgcctcca gaagaaagac agccctgcca 60 atatcttgat tttacccctt gaattctaga agtataagag aatacactca tgttgcttga 120 agtcactaag tttgtggtaa tttatttaat agtggtcata ggaatctaat acaccctcct 180 tcctctggaa ataatcacta tcctgacttt tcggataatc attcacttac ttgcttattt 240 gattttaaat ttgtacacct gtgcatgtat ctaaacaatt tactgttcag tttgtgtacc 300 ygagtagcaa gcacaatcct ggctgtgtaa ggatagggta atgttgctac gacttacatg 360 agatgtccac agagaaaata aactgagcag tagctctggt ttcagttccc tgagagttta 420 caaaatctct ttctgggtaa atcagcgggc aagctcatga gtaaggcttg agtaacccaa 480 gactcatcaa gctggtatgc ctggtgcaac tacagtatga gcctcgtaca aaatatctgg 540 cagaagtctt ttcactgggt taatatgttc cactgtctac acttacagag gcttataggt 600 c 601 <210> 3 <211> 601 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> SNP <400> 3 accctgcaag ttgcacctgc cccagccggg acaggccacc ttagggacag aatcttcctc 60 ttctcagtca ctgggttagt gcatataaaa tcactctgca tgacaggaaa gacaagagtt 120 ctctttattt cctttgggtc caaacctgtt ttgcctagga gccttcggtc atgaacaact 180 tttctgccag gtgaaatgga gtgtttacag acatgggaaa aaaatttaaa acaagaaatt 240 tttatatccc ttttctacac tatatgcatt tcattgcccc cgacttctca ggctatatgc 300 yagaaatctc acatatgaag gaaaactagt taaaacaaaa ccaatcccgc ccatcttgat 360 ttcaatgtgg aaaaaatctt tccacgtggg ttagttataa aatagaagtt aaagagccgc 420 accaagtgaa ccttatgtgc gcagaggatt tgggggattc ccgctcattc ccttattcct 480 atggagaagg cagcatttta catatctgct ttcgttgcca gccaaagtga gtttgccact 540 gggtggtct gtgctttatg tgcaataact gatccttgga tgtatgctta agtctgaaat 600 a 601 <210> 4 <211> 601 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> SNP <400> 4 ttgagagaaa atgccagggg aaagcatgga aactttctgg ggataaacta tgggtctcca 60 cctttgcact taatcagggg acagccacta accccagtag ctgcatgctt tctgccacct 120 tcatctacct gagcaaaact tcaaggacat gtttatgctg aatctccaga gagagcaata 180 gaagcccagc ttgagggaaa tgactggacc ttgattactt aggataaaaa gagatcaatt 240 tatggtagga ctatctattt atgtctgcac attcatcagg tttgcctagg aaaggagtct 300 sagaaaatgt gttggaattg ggcacttctg atgtctatcc tattccttgt cttggttgat 360 aacactttct ccagtcccca gatctcattt taggaaatga gacttgttat caggcatcct 420 agagcctcca tatttttctg agtctttctg tgtctgccgg caccattgac gttgttacta 480 ttgctggttt tcctcttata ttttctgtga aaatgcttag gagcttttaa gaactggtgg 540 ccaccagaga ggttaaacat tataaacaat ataaagcaaa ggaatcttag tgtgctgtct 600 t 601 <210> 5 <211> 661 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> SNP <400> 5 caggatgaa catttaatat aacattatgc agatttgggg gcaagttggt tgtttacttt tactgcttaa 120 gcttttgcca agctttctac atgttcttta tattgctcat caaaggccat tcattccata 180 ccatttccca agaacgtgct gtggacaaat ccctatgctt ggtgctctga aggacataga 240 tggggtcaag ggtaaacaag ggagactaaa tgaccatact aaaaacaagc caacaactgt 300 maggcaacaa acagactgta caaccatggt actgacactg tatcgcaaac catacattct 360 tctgccaaaa caatcaatta acactcctgg aaatgaatta gaatagtaca ctgttttcct 420 gcagatgccc tagtttgctg aggataatgg cttccagctc catccatgtg cctgcaaagg 480 acatgatctc gttcctgttt atggcttcat agcattcaat cgtgtatatg taccacattc 540 tctttatcca gtctatcact gatggacagt tgggttgatt ccacgtcttt gctattgtga 600 atagtgctgc aatgaacata cacatccatg tatctttgta atagaatgat ttgtcttctt 660 t 661

Claims (10)

A polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 in which the 301st base is C or T, a polynucleotide consisting of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases comprising the 301st nucleotide, or a polynucleotide comprising a complementary polynucleotide Marker composition for phenotype determination.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the nose phenotype is at least one selected from the group consisting of nose area, length, height and angle.
10. A composition for the determination of a phenotype of a nociceptor comprising the agent capable of detecting or amplifying the marker composition for the determination of the nociceptype of claim 1 or 2.
A kit for determining a phenotype of a nose comprising the composition of claim 3.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the kit is an RT-PCR kit or a DNA chip kit.
A microarray for determining a phenotype of a nose comprising the marker composition of claim 1 or claim 2.
A polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein the 301st base is C or T, and the polynucleotide is composed of 5 to 1,000 consecutive bases comprising the 301st base or a complementary polynucleotide thereof. Microarray for the determination of phenotypes of nose.
(a) amplifying a polymorphic site comprising the SNP of a polynucleotide consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a complementary polynucleotide thereof from the DNA of the sample isolated from the individual; And
(b) determining the base of the amplified polymorphic site.
9. The method of claim 8,
An individual having a base corresponding to the 301-th nucleotide of the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 2 judges that the base is relatively larger in nose size than the subject having the base.
9. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the subject having the base at position 301 of the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 2 is determined to be relatively smaller in nose size than the subject having the base at C.

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