KR101414734B1 - 미세조류를 질소원으로 이용한 숙신산의 생산 방법 - Google Patents
미세조류를 질소원으로 이용한 숙신산의 생산 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101414734B1 KR101414734B1 KR1020120109470A KR20120109470A KR101414734B1 KR 101414734 B1 KR101414734 B1 KR 101414734B1 KR 1020120109470 A KR1020120109470 A KR 1020120109470A KR 20120109470 A KR20120109470 A KR 20120109470A KR 101414734 B1 KR101414734 B1 KR 101414734B1
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- microalgae
- succinic acid
- nitrogen source
- residue
- hydrolyzate
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 66
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000588901 Zymomonas Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000131104 Actinobacillus sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000722955 Anaerobiospirillum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186312 Brevibacterium sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186249 Corynebacterium sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000235088 Saccharomyces sp. Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241001130339 Aurantiochytrium sp. Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000195585 Chlamydomonas Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000195651 Chlorella sp. Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 12
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 8
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- PKAUICCNAWQPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CNC.CC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OCC(O)=O PKAUICCNAWQPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000606750 Actinobacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000948980 Actinobacillus succinogenes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000194110 Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Species 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000417230 Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z Species 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000722954 Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000003595 Aurantiochytrium limacinum Species 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000186226 Corynebacterium glutamicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001560459 Dunaliella sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N Phenazopyridine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000192026 Ruminococcus flavefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001648293 Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000319304 [Brevibacterium] flavum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000029538 [Mannheimia] succiniciproducens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012365 batch cultivation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
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- ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-Trifluoromethylhippuric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940070891 pyridium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004102 tricarboxylic acid cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001974 tryptic soy broth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010050327 trypticase-soy broth Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/44—Polycarboxylic acids
- C12P7/46—Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C55/00—Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C55/02—Dicarboxylic acids
- C07C55/10—Succinic acid
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 실시예 4에 따라 질소원 종류별 숙신산 생산 농도를 측정한 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 3은 실시예 5에 따라 미세조류 가수분해 생성물 60g/L의 농도에서 배양시간에 따른 숙신산 및 기타 부산물의 생산량 변화를 측정한 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다((◆)는 숙신산; (■)는 초산; 및 (▲)는 개미산의 농도를 나타냄).
Microalgae 농도 (g/L) | 15 | 20 | 40 | 60 |
숙신산 | 20.8 | 26.0 | 39.2 | 43.2 |
초산 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 5.9 | 7.5 |
개미산 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.5 |
Claims (9)
- (1) 미세조류의 추출 잔여물을 초음파 처리하여 세포를 파쇄하는 단계;
(2) 상기 세포 파쇄된 미세조류의 추출 잔여물을 효소 가수분해하는 단계; 및,
(3) 상기 단계 (2)의 결과 얻어진 미세조류 추출 잔여물의 가수분해물을 질소원으로 포함하는 발효배지에서 숙신산 발효 미생물을 배양하는 단계를 포함하는,
숙신산 생산방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 미세조류는 오란티오키트리움 속 (Aurantiochytrium sp.), 스키조키트리움 속 (Schizochytrium sp.), 클로렐라 속 (Chlorella sp.), 스피룰리나 속 (Spirulina sp.), 듀날리엘라 속 (Dunaliella sp.), 난노크로롭시스 속 (Nannochloropsis sp.), 보트리오코커스 속 (Botryococcus sp.), 트라우스토키트리움 속 (Thraustochytrium sp.), 자포노키트리움 속 (Japonochytrium sp.), 울케니아 속 (Ulkenia sp.), 크립테코디니움 속 (Crypthecodinium sp.), 할리프토로스 속 (Haliphthoros sp.), 클라미도모나스 속 (Chlamydomonas sp.) 및 포르피리디움 속 (Porphyridium sp.)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상인, 방법.
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (1) 단계의 초음파 처리는 15 내지 30 kHz 및 110 내지 150W로 1 내지 3 시간 동안 수행하는 것인, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (2) 단계는
단백질 가수분해 효소를 사용하여 55 내지 60℃에서 24 내지 30시간 동안 수행하는 것인, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 숙신산 발효 미생물은 루멘박테리아, 대장균, 사카로마이세스 속(Saccharomyces sp.), 코리네박테리움 속(Corynebacterium sp.), 브레비박테리움 속(Brevibacterium sp.), 자이모모나스 속(Zymomonas sp.), 숙시니비브리오 속(Succinivibrio sp.), 및 루미노코커스 속(Ruminococcus sp.)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 것인, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 숙신산 발효 미생물은 악티노바실루스 속 (Actinobacillus sp.), 맨하이미아 속 (Mannheimia sp.), 및 언에어로바이오스피리륨 속 (Anaerobiospirillum sp.)으로 구성된 군에서 선택된 루멘박테리아인, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 숙신산 발효 미생물의 배양은 혐기성 조건하에 pH 6.0 내지 7.0, 및 38 내지 40 ℃에서 60 내지 70 시간 동안 이루어지는 것인, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 발효배지는 상기 미세조류의 추출 잔여물의 가수분해물을 배지 리터당 15 내지 60g으로 포함하는 것인 방법.
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US9687442B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2017-06-27 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical skin formulations |
US10052278B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2018-08-21 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical skin formulations |
US10201495B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2019-02-12 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical skin formulations |
US10869821B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2020-12-22 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical skin formulations |
US11577099B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2023-02-14 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical skin formulations |
US11911635B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2024-02-27 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical skin formulations |
US12161891B2 (en) | 2015-07-27 | 2024-12-10 | Mary Kay Inc. | Topical skin formulations |
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