KR101390764B1 - Mmulti-supply and exhaust functional ventilating plant for an active pressurization system of underground rail station - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is constructed to be connected to a railroad historical structure constructed in the basement, minimizing the feeling of passengers felt by passengers waiting in a train platform due to a pressure change due to the entry of a train into the history, The present invention relates to a ventilating station for underground railroad history that is capable of smoothly discharging smoke and suppressing an increase in construction costs.

Description

In this paper, we propose a multi-supply and exhaust functional ventilating plant for an active pressurization system of an underground railway station.

[0001] The present invention relates to a ventilating station for underground railroad history with a multi-exhaust function for an active pressure control system of a railway underground station, and more particularly to a ventilator connected to a railway historical structure constructed underground, The underground railway history that minimizes the tinnitus felt by the passengers waiting on the train platform due to the pressure change, and can prevent the increase of the construction cost while allowing the evacuation of passengers' And the like.

In recent years, there has been a "train platform" where passengers are waiting and boarding on the outer edge of a historical structure when a passenger is able to get on and off the train. There is an attempt to design a train in the form of a "4-wire 2-groove" in which there are four lines, allowing trains to pass between train platforms. Fig. 1 shows a schematic plan view of such an underground stationary structure. As shown in the figure, a railway line located at the center is a railway station where an "stationary train" Center line 101 "and the space between the center line 101 and the railroad platform is designed to be a railroad line 102 on which a" boarding train "to stop at the corresponding station passes. Although not shown in FIG. 1, a partition wall may be provided to extend in the longitudinal direction of the train landing in order to distinguish the center line 101 from the boarding line 102.

In underground structures, sudden pressure changes occur when trains enter or pass through the train platform 103, which causes ear-discomfort to passengers waiting in the train platform. In particular, in the case of the subterranean history in which the center line 101 and the boarding railway line 102 are present together, the uninterrupted train 101 enters or passes through the center line 101 at a high speed, The problem of causing tinnitus to passengers on a train platform can become very serious.

In order to solve this problem, in the related art, a screen door is provided between the railroad platform 103 and the railroad line 102 to separate the railroad platform 103 and the railroad line 102 from each other. Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2008-51564 discloses an example of a technique for installing a screen door on a train platform 103.

As another conventional technique, there has been proposed a method of installing a vertical air passage connecting a tunnel to a ground by a train, so that the air is discharged through the vertical air passage when the train enters the track. However, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient effect with such a conventional method, and furthermore, a structural design change for the tunnel is accompanied, and the construction cost is greatly increased accordingly. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a solution to solve these problems.

On the other hand, even if the measures to minimize the passengers' tinnitus and minimize the construction cost are proposed, it is necessary to be able to sufficiently secure the passenger's evacuation routes when a fire occurs in the underground tunnel or in the history, or when harmful gas is generated. It should be possible to smoothly discharge smoke such as smoke.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2008-51564 (published on June 11, 2008).

The present invention has been developed in order to overcome the above problems and limitations of the prior art. Specifically, the present invention relates to a ventilator installed in connection with an underground historical structure, The object of the present invention is to provide a ventilating station for underground railroad history which is configured to minimize the tinnitus sensation felt by passengers and to suppress the increase of the construction cost while smoothly evacuating the passenger's evacuation lines and smoke in the event of a fire in history do.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner connected to a railway historic structure constructed in an underground, wherein the air conditioner is divided into a ventilation structure and a wind direction structure; Wherein the ventilation substructure includes an external communication passage through which outside air flows or externally flows, a bypass airflow connected to the external communication passage, an air supply fan and an exhaust fan connected to the external communication passage, An air supply connection portion connected to the bypass air flow and the air supply fan, and an exhaust connection portion connected to the bypass air flow and the exhaust fan are formed; The air-conditioned structure is divided into a tunnel connection part and a ventilation connection part connected to the ventilation structure. The first, second and third areas are formed in the tunnel connection part, A draft wind, an exhaust wind direction and a natural ventilation passage are formed; Wherein the first section is communicated with the air supply air flow rate, the air supply air flow rate is connected to the air supply connection section, the second section is communicated with the exhaust air flow rate, the exhaust air flow rate is connected with the exhaust connection section, And the first zone and the second zone are communicated with the ducts disposed in the historic structure and the third zone has a structure communicating with the inside of the tunnel so that the mechanical air supply and exhaust by the air supply fan and the exhaust fan, A ventilator is provided which is capable of ventilating at the same time.

According to the present invention, it is possible to minimize the tinnitus felt by the passengers waiting in the train platform due to the pressure change due to the entry of the train into the history, to smoothly evacuate the passenger's evacuation lines and smoke when the fire occurs in the history, A ventilation station for underground railroad history constructed to suppress an increase in cost is provided.

1 is a schematic plan view of a conventional "four-wire two-groove" type underground historical structure.
FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration in which a ventilator according to the present invention is installed in a basement history.
3 is a schematic perspective view of a ventilator according to the present invention.
4 is a schematic plan sectional view of a basement 1 layer of a two-layer structure corresponding to the ventilator of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan sectional view of a two-story structure corresponding to a ventilator of the present invention. FIG.
6 is a schematic half cross-sectional perspective view along line BB of FIG.
Fig. 7 is a schematic semi-sectional perspective view other than the line CC of Fig. 3;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing only a wind structure in a ventilator according to the present invention.
9 is a side view as viewed in the direction of arrow E in Fig.
10 to 12 are side cross-sectional views along the line DD of Fig. 3 showing the state of the air flow in the ventilator when the ventilator is in the " booster operation mode "by the operation of the fan, Sectional view of the ventilation substructure corresponding to FIG. 5 for the two basement floors.
FIG. 13 to FIG. 15 are side sectional views corresponding to FIG. 10 showing the state of the air flow in the ventilator when the "total natural ventilation mode" state, FIG. 11 is a flat sectional view of the ventilator substructure corresponding to FIG. And the bottom two layers of the ventilation substructure corresponding to Fig.
Fig. 16 to Fig. 18 are side cross-sectional views corresponding to Fig. 13 showing the state of the air flow in the ventilator when in the "partially natural ventilation mode ", respectively, And the bottom two layers of the ventilation substructure corresponding to Fig. 15.
19 to 21 are side cross-sectional views corresponding to Fig. 16 showing the state of the air flow in the ventilator when in the "fire flap mode", respectively, and a plan view of the ventilator structure corresponding to Fig. 17, 18 is a plan sectional view of the ventilation substructure corresponding to the two basement floors corresponding to Fig.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, it is to be understood that the technical idea of the present invention and its essential structure and operation are not limited thereby.

FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration in which the ventilator 1 according to the present invention is installed in the underground history. As shown in FIG. 2, the ventilator 1 according to the present invention is constructed in connection with a subterranean history in which a train such as a subway enters and exits, and the underground history to which the ventilator 1 according to the present invention is connected As described above in connection with the background art, can be composed of a train platform, a railroad line, and a center line formed at the central portion and through which a train passes irregularly. The ventilator 1 according to the present invention is disposed in such a subterranean history and is connected to a duct for supplying and exhausting air to the line or exhausting air from the line and also to the main line of the tunnel through which the train passes . However, the underground history to which the ventilator 1 according to the present invention is connected is not limited to the history of the four-line, two-groove type.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a ventilator 1 according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic plan sectional view of a basement 1 layer of a two-layer structure corresponding to the ventilator 1, 5 is a schematic plan sectional view of a two-story structure corresponding to the ventilator 1 in two basement floors. FIG. 6 is a schematic half cross-sectional perspective view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 3, and FIG. 7 is a schematic half cross-sectional perspective view taken along the line C-C of FIG.

As shown in the drawing, the ventilator 1 according to the present invention can be divided into a ventilating structure and an air-flow structure. The ventilating structure includes a by-pass airflow 10, an external communication passage An air supply connection portion 61 and an air discharge connection portion 62 are formed in the ventilation structure and the air supply fan 41 and the exhaust fan 42 are installed in the ventilation structure. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the ventilating substructure has a building structure constructed in the basement so as to have two layers. The interior of the ventilating structure 10 is partitioned by the partition walls so that the bypass wind direction 10, the external communication passage 11, An air supply connection portion 61, and an exhaust connection portion 62 are formed.

Hereinafter, the ventilation substructure provided in the ventilator 1 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the ventilating substructure having two buildings having the above-mentioned structure. In the present specification, the term "connection" means that a damper is provided between each zone so that when the damper is opened, both sides communicate with each other through the damper and the damper is opened. However, the term "communication" means that the two sides are always connected to each other.

First, an external communication passage 11 is formed in the ventilation substructure. In the two-layer structure shown in the figure, the external communication passage 11 communicating with the ground is vertically formed at one side of the ventilation substructure. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the external communication passage 11 is partitioned by the first partition 91 to distinguish it from other parts of the ventilation substructure.

In the two-layered structure shown in the figure, the bypass wind direction 10 is formed on the upper layer of the building, that is, the ventilation substructure 10, In the first floor of the building. A first damper 31 is provided between one side of the bypass air flow path 10 and the external communication passage 11. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, The first partition wall 91 is located at the first floor of the first partition wall. The bypass damper 10 and the external communication passage 11 are present on both sides of the first damper 31. When the first damper 31 is opened, the bypass wind direction 10 and the external communication passage 11 11 are communicated with each other and are not communicated with each other when the first damper 31 is closed.

In the present invention, the ventilator 1 is provided with an air supply fan 41 and an air discharge fan 42 having a blowing function. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the underground two-storey building And the air supply fan 41 and the air discharge fan 42 are disposed in the lower layer. One end of the air supply fan (41) is connected to the external communication passage (11). Therefore, whether or not air flows between the air supply fan 41 and the external communication passage 11 is determined depending on whether the air supply fan 41 is operated or not. That is, when the air supply fan 41 is operated, the air can flow between the air supply fan 41 and the external communication passage 11. On the contrary, if the air supply fan 41 is not operated, (11). Also, one end of the exhaust fan 42 is connected to the external communication passage 11. Accordingly, whether or not air flows between the exhaust fan 42 and the external communication passage 11 is determined depending on whether the exhaust fan 42 is operated or not.

The first damper 3011 provided on the first partition wall 91 is provided at a position corresponding to the first basement layer in the external communication passage 11 formed by the passage vertically formed by the first partition wall 91, One end of the air supply fan 41 and one end of the exhaust fan 42 are respectively connected to the first partition wall 91 and the second partition wall 91 at positions corresponding to the two basement levels of the external communication passage 11, And is connected to the external communication passage 11. In the above embodiment, the external communication passage 11 is divided into a region connected to the air supply fan 41 by the second partition wall 92 and a region connected to the exhaust fan 42. That is, in the external communication passage 11, there are two divided passages (a passage through which the outside air supplied to the air supply fan 41 flows and a passage through which the air exhausted by the exhaust fan 42 flows to the outside) .

The air supply unit 1 includes an air supply connection unit 61 and an air supply connection unit 62. The air supply connection unit 61 is a space to which the other end of the air supply fan 41 and the bypass air- The exhaust connection portion 62 is a space to which the other end of the exhaust fan 42 and the bypass wind direction 10 are connected. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the other end of the air supply fan 41 and the other end of the exhaust fan 42 are separated from each other by the air supply connection portion 61 and the exhaust connection portion 42, (62). The air supply fan 41 is connected to the air supply connection part 61 and the air supply fan 42 is connected to the air supply connection part 61. The air supply connection part 61 and the air discharge connection part 62 are formed in two layers of the underground structure, And the exhaust fan 42 and the exhaust fan 42 are connected to the exhaust connection portion 62 and the air flow between the air supply fan 41 and the air supply connection portion 61 is determined depending on whether the air supply fan 41 and the air discharge fan 42 are operated, It is determined whether or not air can flow between the connecting portions 62.

Also, the air supply connection part (61) and the exhaust connection part (62) are connected to the bypass air flow path (10). The air supply connection portion 61 and the bypass passage 11 are connected to each other by a third damper 33 and the exhaust connection portion 62 and the bypass passage 11 are connected to each other by a fourth damper 34. In addition, the supply air flow path 21 and the exhaust air flow path 22 formed in the air flow structure communicate with the air supply connection part 61 and the exhaust connection part 62, respectively. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the air supply connection portion 61 and the exhaust connection portion 62 are formed in the two basement layers of the ventilation substructure, and are formed as spaces separated from each other by the third partition 93.

Next, the air structure of the ventilator 1 will be described. FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing only the air-conditioner structure, and FIG. 9 is a side view seen in the direction of arrow E in FIG. In the present invention, the air flow structure (21) and the air flow structure (22) are separately formed. Specifically, as shown in the figure, the air-conditioner structure can be divided into a tunnel connection portion connected to the tunnel and a ventilation connection portion connected to the ventilation structure. (The first zone, the second zone and the third zone) by the tunnel connection partitions, and the ventilation connection part is divided into four zones by the partition walls (the air flow rate, the exhaust airflow, the evacuation channel, The first zone 51 is communicated with the exhaust air flow 21 and the second zone 52 is communicated with the exhaust air flow 22 and the third zone 53 is communicated with the air And the natural ventilation air flow rate 24 where natural ventilation is performed.

Meanwhile, the tunnel connection portion of the wind tunnel is connected to a tunnel through which the train travels. The first zone 51 communicates with the air supply duct in the history, the second zone 52 communicates with the exhaust duct in the history, The third zone (53) communicates with the interior of the tunnel. As shown in the figure, in the present invention, the ventilation connection portion of the air-conditioned structure may be formed in a tunnel shape having a semicircular section, and the tunnel connection portion may be formed in a cylindrical shape.

Also, as described above, the air-conditioner structure of the present invention is formed so that the evacuation passage is divided into the air supply air flow and the exhaust air flow. Therefore, when a fire or the like occurs as described later, the passengers in the train platform can safely evacuate along the wind direction structure. That is, the evacuation line of the passenger can be formed separately from the fire extinguisher.

2, the ventilator 1 including the ventilator structure and the air-conditioned structure is connected to the basement history. The ventilator 1 is connected to the supersonic line 102 and the center line 101 and the exhaust ducts disposed in the ducts and the exhaust ducts disposed in the ducts 101, 101, and also communicate with the main line of the tunnels.

In the following, a method of controlling the pressurization operation using the ventilator (1) will be described in detail.

10 to 12 are schematic views showing the state of the air flow in the ventilator 1 in the "booster operation mode" by the operation of the fan, respectively. Fig. 10 is a side sectional view along the line DD in Fig. 3, 11 is a plan view of a basement 1 layer of the ventilation substructure corresponding to FIG. 4, and FIG. 12 is a plan view of the basement 2 layer of the ventilation substructure corresponding to FIG.

When the train enters the center line 101, the "booster operation mode" proceeds. In this booster operation mode, as shown in Figs. 10 to 12, natural ventilation progresses and the air supply fan 41 and the exhaust fan 42) is in operation. The second damper 32 existing between the bypass wind direction 10 and the natural wind direction 24 is opened and the first damper 31 between the bypass wind direction 10 and the external communication path 11 is opened, The natural ventilation is achieved by forming the air flow passage through the natural ventilation air flow 24, the bypass air flow 10 and the external communication passage 11 between the main line and the outside of the tunnel. In addition to the natural ventilation state, the air supply fan 41 and the air discharge fan 42 are operated to forcibly supply air. That is, the air supply fan 41 is operated so that the outside air flows through the ducts provided on the submerged line 102 via the external communication passage 11, the air supply fan 41, the air supply connection portion 61 and the supply air flow 21 To the boarding railway line 102. At the same time, the exhaust fan 42 operates to draw air from the center line 103 through the duct provided on the center line 103, and the exhaust airflow 22, the exhaust connection portion 62, the exhaust fan 42, Through the external communication passage (11). The third damper 33 between the air supply connection portion 61 and the bypass air flow 10 and the third damper 33 between the air supply connection portion 62 and the bypass air flow 10 when the air supply fan 41 and the exhaust fan 42 operate, The air flowing through the air supply fan 41 and the air exhaust fan 42 does not flow along the bypass air flow 10.

As described above, when the train enters the center line 101, the "booster operation mode" proceeds. In such a booster operation mode, air is supplied to the landing platform by operation of the air supply fan, Thereby discharging the air from the line to the outside. Therefore, when the train enters the center line 101, it is possible to prevent the pressure of the train platform 103 from rising sharply, and thus the ear-discomfort ) Is largely alleviated.

In the meantime, in the present invention, the ventilator can be formed on the side of each train platform in a symmetrical relationship with respect to each other. In the ventilator installed on the opposite platform, when the above- The "natural ventilation mode" can be performed through the airflow. 13 to 15 are diagrams showing the state of the air flow in the ventilator 1 in the "full natural ventilation mode", wherein FIG. 13 is a side sectional view corresponding to FIG. 10, and FIG. 14 is a cross- FIG. 15 is a plan view of the underground two stories of the ventilation substructure corresponding to FIG. 12; FIG.

In this "full natural ventilation mode ", as shown in Figs. 13 to 15, the air supply and exhaust by natural ventilation proceeds and the operation of the air supply fan 41 and the exhaust fan 42 is stopped, And the exhaust air flow rate 21 and the exhaust air flow rate 22 are used for natural air supply and exhaust. The second damper 32 existing between the bypass wind direction 10 and the natural wind direction 24 is opened and the first damper 31 between the bypass wind direction 10 and the external communication path 11 is opened, The air introduced from the tunnel main line is discharged to the outside through the natural ventilation air flow rate 24, the bypass air flow rate 10 and the external communication passage 11 to perform natural ventilation. This is the same as the above-described pressurization operation mode.

Since the operation of both the air supply fan 41 and the exhaust fan 42 is stopped in the "full natural ventilation mode ", the air flow between the air supply fan 41 and the external communication passage 11, The space between the passages 11 is closed. The third damper 33 between the air supply connection portion 61 and the bypass air flow 10 and the fourth damper 34 between the air exhaust connection portion 62 and the bypass air flow 10 are all opened. Therefore, the air flow leading to the external communication passage 11, the bypass air flow 10, the air supply connection portion 61 and the air supply flow 21 is made, and the external communication passage 11, the bypass air flow 10, The air flow leading to the connection portion 62 and the exhaust wind direction 22 is also made. Therefore, natural ventilation is performed by all three of the exhaust air flow rate 21, the exhaust air flow rate 22 and the natural ventilation air flow rate 24.

On the other hand, as described above, in addition to the "full natural ventilation mode "," some natural ventilation mode " 16 to 18 are diagrams showing the state of the air flow in the ventilator 1 in the "partial natural ventilation mode", respectively. FIG. 16 is a side sectional view corresponding to FIG. 13, and FIG. FIG. 18 is a plan view of the underground two-story ventilation substructure corresponding to FIG. 15. FIG.

The "different natural ventilation mode" differs from the "full natural ventilation mode" described above in that natural ventilation is not achieved by the airflow 21 and the exhaust airflow 22. 13 to 15, the third damper 33 between the air supply connection portion 61 and the bypass air-flow path 10, and the third damper 33 between the air supply connection portion 62 and the bypass air- The fourth damper 34 is closed. When the third damper 33 and the fourth damper 34 are closed as described above, the natural ventilation airflow leading to the external communication passage 11, the bypass air flow 10, the air supply connection portion 61, . The natural ventilation airflow leading to the external communication passage 11, the bypass air-flow path 10, the exhaust connection portion 62, and the exhaust air-flow passage 22 is also not produced. Therefore, only the natural ventilation airflow leading to the external communication path 11, the bypass airway 10, and the natural ventilation airflow 24 is created, and natural ventilation proceeds. In the present invention, since the ventilator 1 is always in such a "partly natural ventilation mode" except when it proceeds to the "fire smoking mode" described later, the pressure wave generated when the train enters into the in- .

In the following, the "fire fighting mode" will be described with reference to FIG. 19 to FIG. 19 is a side sectional view corresponding to FIG. 16, and FIG. 20 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 17, and FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the ventilator 1 corresponding to FIG. FIG. 21 is a plan view of the underground two-story structure of the ventilation substructure corresponding to FIG. 18; FIG.

In the present invention, in contrast to the " partial natural ventilation mode ", the ventilation is performed only by the air flow rate 21 and the air flow rate 22 without natural ventilation in the " Specifically, in the " fire fighting mode ", the second damper 32 existing between the bypass wind force 10 and the natural ventilation wind force 24 is closed. Therefore, air does not flow from the tunnel main line through the natural ventilation airflow 24 and air does not flow through the bypass airflow 10. The fourth damper 34 between the third damper 33 and the exhaust connection portion 62 between the air supply connection portion 61 and the bypass air flow path 10 and the bypass air flow path 10 is also closed.

And the air supply fan 41 is operated to switch its operation direction and to discharge the air. Therefore, the air in the underground history, that is, the smoke in the exhaust gas, flows through the exhaust airflow 22, the exhaust connection portion 62, the exhaust fan 42, and the exhaust fan 42 by operating the air supply fan 41 and the exhaust fan 42 to be in an exhaust state. Is simultaneously discharged to the outside through the communication passage 11 and through the supply air flow 21, the air supply connection portion 61, the air supply fan 41 and the external communication passage 11.

When the dampers are opened and the natural ventilation is performed in various modes, the flow rate of the flowing air can be appropriately adjusted by adjusting the degree of opening according to the situation.

As described above, when the ventilator according to the present invention is used, the mechanical supply and exhaust can be performed simultaneously by connecting the line, the platform and the ventilator, and the natural supply and exhaust can be performed together with the ventilator. It is possible to effectively reduce the tinnitus caused by the train entering at a high speed and to effectively achieve the flue gas in the event of a fire.

In particular, since the bypass air-condition is provided in the ventilating area, the air volume of the mechanical air supply and exhaust air and the air volume of the natural air supply and exhaust can be easily controlled by using the bypass air volume without controlling the capacity and the rotation number of the air supply fan or the exhaust fan. .

Furthermore, since the ventilator according to the present invention can easily change between the mechanical air supply and the natural air supply and exhaust, appropriate supply and exhaust can be performed according to the history.

In addition, the ventilator according to the present invention has an advantage that the evacuator can escape safely in emergency situations because the evacuation passageway is formed so that the passengers can be evacuated in case of fire by being separated from the airy degree of ventilation and ventilation.

1: Ventilator
10: Bypass gradient
11: External communication passage
41: Supply fan
42: Exhaust fan

Claims (3)

A ventilator (1) connected to a railway historic structure constructed in an underground,
It is divided into ventilation structure and air-conditioning structure;
The ventilation substructure includes an external communication passage 11 into which outside air flows or outflows to the outside, a bypass airflow 10 connected to the external communication passage 11, An air supply fan 41 and an air discharge fan 42 connected to the bypass fan 10 and the air supply fan 41 and an air supply connection part 61 connected to the bypass air flow 10 and the air supply fan 41, An exhaust connection part 62 connected to the exhaust fan 42 is formed;
The wind tunnel structure is divided into a tunnel connection part and a ventilating connection part connected to the ventilating substructure. The tunnel connection part includes a first zone 51, a second zone 52 and a third zone 53, And the ventilator connecting portion is formed with a supply air flow rate (21), an exhaust air flow rate (22) and a natural ventilation air flow rate (24);
The first zone 51 communicates with the exhaust air flow 21 and the exhaust air flow 21 communicates with the air supply connection 61. The second zone 52 communicates with the exhaust air flow 22, The wind direction 22 is connected to the exhaust connection portion 62 and the third zone 53 is in communication with the natural ventilation air flow 24 and the first zone 51 and the second zone 52 are arranged in the historical structure And the third zone 53 communicates with the inside of the tunnel. Thus, the third zone 53 is structured to be capable of simultaneously supplying and exhausting mechanical air by the air supply fan 41 and the air exhaust fan 42 Ventilating place.
The method according to claim 1,
An evacuation passage 23 is formed in the ventilating connection portion to distinguish the supply air flow 21, the exhaust air flow 22 and the natural ventilation air flow 24;
Characterized in that the evacuation passage (23) is in communication with the third zone (53), so that the evacuation line of the passenger is formed independent of the natural ventilation and the path of the air supply and exhaust.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
A first damper (31) is provided between the bypass air flow (10) and the external communication passage (11) to be opened or closed to block or allow air flow;
A second damper (32) is provided between the bypass draft (10) and the natural ventilation draft (24) to open or close the air flow so as to block or permit the air flow;
A third damper (33) is provided between the bypass air flow (10) and the air supply connection part (61) to open or close the air flow so as to block or permit air flow;
Wherein a fourth damper (34) is provided between the bypass air flow (10) and the exhaust connection part (62) to open or close the air flow.

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