KR101372956B1 - Plasma gasifier for syn-gas generation, and method for operating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a plasma gasifier to convert solid fuel such as coal, waste, biomass, and the likes into synthesis gas consisting hydrogen and carbon monoxide through a reaction with a oxidative material under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The plasma gasifier includes a hollow housing (110) where a cooling passage (111) is integrally formed in a body to circulate cooling water; an electrode unit (120) which is fixed and supported to a hollow part of the housing (110) by an insulation member and has a discharge gas supply passage (122) where discharge gas is supplied through a space separated from inner surface of the housing (110) and generates plasma flame by arc discharge generated from a gap between the electrode and the housing (110); and a mixed fuel supply line (130) which supplies mixed fuel of solid fuel and water to a plasma flame region at the front end of the electrode unit (120) by making the mixed fuel pass through the cooling passage (111) connected to the mixed fuel supply line to preheat the mixed fuel. The advantages of disclosed plasma gasifier are easy handling of fuel, compact fuel supply system, improved electrode durability by suppressing oxidizing surrounds by supplying solid fuel and water separately, no additional cooling water supply system to cool plasma reactor, and improved efficiency in reaction for gasification of solid fuel by supplying heated mixed fuel to the reaction unit for gasification.

Description

Plasma gasifier for solid fuel gasification and its operation method {Plasma gasifier for Syn-gas generation, and method for operating the same}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plasma gasifier and a method of operating the same for solid fuel gasification. In particular, a solid gas such as coal, waste, and biomass is reacted with an oxidizing material under conditions of high temperature and pressure to produce a synthesis gas composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A plasma gasifier for converting and a method of operating the same.

Gasification is the reaction of solid fuels (coal, waste, biomass) whose main constituents are carbon with oxidizing substances (oxygen, air or water) under high temperature (650 ℃ ~ 1,400 ℃) and high pressure (10bar ~ 100bar) conditions. Means a process of converting into a synthesis gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Among the means for gasifying the solid raw materials, the composition of the gasifier including the thermal energy supply method, the composition ratio between the reactants (oxygen / water / solid fuel), etc., is the composition ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the produced syngas and the fuel to be gasified. Depends on its characteristics, etc.

In general, gasification facilities can operate in the range of 650 ℃ ~ 1,400 ℃, in order to obtain a high conversion rate of the solid fuel, most commercial gasification equipment is operated at a high temperature of more than 1,000 ℃. The heat energy supply method for maintaining the reactor internal temperature at a high temperature of 1,000 ℃ or more is divided into a method using the heat of combustion generated by burning a portion of the solid fuel and a method using plasma.

Since the former maintains the temperature of the gasifier by the heat energy obtained by burning a part of the fuel supplied in a manner applied to most commercialized gasifier installations, a lot of time and heat energy is consumed during the warm-up phase. Consumed.

In the latter case, the temperature of the flame generated by the plasma generator is very high, ranging from 3,000 ° C to 7,000 ° C, so that the conversion efficiency of the solid fuel is higher than that of the former, but the metal constituting the plasma reactor has a high temperature oxidation atmosphere (oxygen, Exposure to steam) shortens the life of the electrode. In order to prevent this, the existing high temperature plasma reactor has a coolant supply line for preventing water from flowing into the reactor outer wall and rising to the high temperature of the reactor. However, a separate pump system for supplying the coolant must be provided. This complicates the reaction system.

[Prior Art Literature]

Published Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0071463 (published date: June 29, 2011): an electric power and liquid fuel production system using syngas produced from a solid fuel.

-Patent Publication No. 10-1005913 (Registration Date: December 28, 2010): Waste gasification apparatus and method using a plasma.

The present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, in the plasma gasifier for the gasification of the solid fuel, improve the efficiency for the solid fuel gasification reaction, it is possible to constitute a compact fuel supply system, the plasma electrode It is an object of the present invention to provide a plasma gasifier and a method of operating the same for solid fuel gas that can improve durability of the fuel cell.

In the operation method of the plasma gasifier for gasifying the solid fuel according to the present invention for achieving this object, a mixed fuel in a slurry state containing the solid fuel and water into a plasma reactor for generating a plasma flame by arc discharge. Is achieved.

Preferably, in the present invention, the mixed fuel is preheated via a cooling line provided in the plasma reactor, characterized in that the supply to the plasma flame region.

Preferably, in the present invention, the mixed fuel further comprises a dispersant, more preferably, the dispersant is characterized in that less than 5% by weight relative to the mixed fuel.

On the other hand, the plasma gasifier for gasifying the solid fuel according to the present invention comprises a hollow housing in which a cooling passage is integrally formed inside the body to circulate the cooling water; A discharge gas supply path is fixed to the hollow part of the housing by an insulating member, and discharge gas is supplied between spaces spaced from the inner surface of the housing so that the plasma is discharged by the arc discharge generated in the gap with the housing. An electrode unit generating a flame; Supplying a mixed fuel-water mixed fuel to the plasma flame region of the front end of the electrode portion, it can be achieved by a mixed fuel supply line is connected to the cooling passage and the mixed fuel is preheated via the cooling passage to supply the mixed fuel .

Preferably, in the present invention, the solid fuel is characterized in that the powder containing a dispersant.

Plasma gasifier for solid fuel gas and the operation method according to the present invention, it is possible to increase the amount of heat per unit volume of fuel than by supplying the solid fuel to the gas by using a mixed fuel in the form of a slurry of solid fuel and water and The fuel can be easily handled and a compact fuel supply system can be constructed, and the durability of the electrode can be improved by suppressing the oxidizing atmosphere generated by separately supplying solid fuel and water.

In addition, the present invention is supplied by preheating the mixed fuel via the cooling system of the plasma reactor, and does not require a separate cooling water supply system for cooling the heated plasma reactor, and supplies the heated mixed fuel to the reaction unit By proceeding the gasification reaction there is an effect that can improve the efficiency for the solid fuel gasification reaction.

1 is a block diagram of a plasma gasifier for solid fuel gasification according to the present invention,
2 is a view showing a fuel supply system of a plasma gasifier according to the present invention.

The specific structure or functional description presented in the embodiment of the present invention is merely illustrative for the purpose of illustrating an embodiment according to the concept of the present invention, and embodiments according to the concept of the present invention can be implemented in various forms. And should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein, but should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, the terms first and / or second etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited to the terms. The terms may be referred to as a second element only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another, for example, to the extent that it does not depart from the scope of the invention in accordance with the concept of the present invention, Similarly, the second component may also be referred to as the first component.

It is to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected or connected to the other element, but it should be understood that there may be other elements in between something to do. On the other hand, when it is mentioned that an element is "directly connected" or "directly contacted" to another element, it should be understood that there are no other elements in between. Other expressions for describing the relationship between components, such as "between" and "between" or "adjacent to" and "directly adjacent to" should also be interpreted.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms " comprises ", or "having ", and the like in the specification are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, But do not preclude the presence or addition of steps, operations, elements, parts, or combinations thereof.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, the plasma gasifier of the present invention includes a hollow housing 110 in which a cooling flow path 111 is integrally formed, and is fixedly supported in a hollow portion of the housing by an insulating member (not shown). An electrode unit 120 generating a plasma flame by an arc discharge generated at a gap between the electrode; And a mixed fuel supply line 130 for supplying a solid fuel-water mixed fuel.

The housing 110 has a hollow body as a whole, and a cooling passage 111 is formed inside the body to cool the housing 110 while cooling water circulates along the cooling passage 111.

In the present invention, the cooling passage 111 may be provided with a separate cooling system for supplying the cooling water, but preferably, a mixed fuel-water mixed fuel used as a fuel is used as the cooling fluid. Will be explained.

The electrode unit 120 is fixedly supported by the insulating member (not shown) in the hollow part of the housing 110 to electrically insulate the housing 110.

A discharge gas supply path 122 through which a discharge gas (nitrogen and / or oxygen and / or air) is supplied is provided between the spaced space between the electrode unit 120 and the inner surface of the housing 110, and the housing 110. ) Is electrically grounded, while the electrode portion 120 is applied with a high voltage, and the plasma flame F is formed at the front end discharge portion by arc discharge generated in the gap with the housing 110.

The gap between the housing 110 and the electrode portion 120 is set wide at the inlet through which the discharge gas is supplied. The gap between the housing 110 and the electrode unit 120 is preferably set to have an enlarged structure after the gap decreases gradually toward the discharge gas outlet direction. Arc discharge starts in a small portion, and discharge and diffusion of plasma are performed in the discharge gas outlet direction.

The second cooling passage 121 may be provided in the electrode 120, and the second cooling passage 121 may be supplied with a separate cooling water in the same manner as the cooling passage 111, but may be cooled. Cooling will be accomplished by fuel.

The mixed fuel supply line 130 is disposed along the housing 110, and the fuel discharge end 131 of the front end portion is positioned in the plasma flame (F) region and is disposed in the solid fuel-water slurry state through the fuel discharge end 131. The mixed fuel is fed to the plasma flame (F) to induce a gasification reaction between the solid fuel and water or / and oxygen.

Preferably, the mixed fuel supply line 130 is connected to the cooling flow path 111, so that the mixed fuel is primarily preheated via the cooling flow path 111, and then the mixed fuel supply line 130 is secondary. Dispensing is done along this.

In the present invention, the fuel is a mixed fuel in the form of a slurry composed of solid fuel and water, and the solid fuel and water are mixed within a range of 1: 1 based on the weight ratio, where the solid fuel is powder And preferably, the average size of the solid fuel particles is 50 μm or less.

On the other hand, when finely divided solid fuel is mixed with water, the dispersion degree is not uniform and solid fuel may accumulate in the fuel supply line or cooling flow path, resulting in loss of the system. The mixed fuel may further include a dispersant so as to increase the degree of dispersion of the liver.

Dispersant in the present invention will preferably be included in the range of 0.01% to 5% by weight relative to the mixed fuel.

Such a mixed fuel may reduce the load of the fuel supply system as the solid fuel dispersion increases, and may also increase the gasification reaction rate.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the fuel supply system includes a solid fuel supply unit 10, a water supply unit 20, and a mixer 30 in which solid fuel and water are mixed.

The mixed fuel mixed in the mixer 30 moves along the cooling flow path 111 of the housing to exchange heat with the housing to cool the housing, and the mixed fuel is preheated to move along the mixed fuel supply line 130 to form a plasma flame. Input can be made to

In the present embodiment, the mixed fuel is illustrated to pass only through the cooling passage 111 of the housing, but the second cooling passage provided in the electrode may also be cooled by the mixed fuel.

Although not shown in the drawings, the dispersant may be included in the mixed fuel by being added together with the solid fuel or water in the solid fuel supply unit 10 or the water supply unit 20, or with the solid fuel supply unit 10 and the water supply unit 20. A separate dispersant feed may be provided for incorporation into the mixed fuel.

On the other hand, it is to be understood that the fuel supply system may be provided with well-known valves for controlling the flow of solid fuel or water or mixed fuel, and a well-known pump may be added to facilitate the supply of the mixed fuel. .

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the accompanying drawings, and various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible within the scope without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It will be evident to those who have knowledge of.

110 housing 111 cooling passage
120: electrode portion 121: second cooling flow path
122: discharge gas supply path 130: mixed fuel supply line
131: fuel discharge

Claims (6)

In the method of operating a plasma gasifier for gasifying solid fuel,
Into the plasma reactor to generate a plasma flame by arc discharge mixed slurry fuel containing solid fuel and water,
The mixed fuel is preheated via a cooling line provided in the plasma reactor, the operation method of the plasma gasifier characterized in that the supply to the plasma flame region. delete The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed fuel further comprises a dispersant. The method of claim 3, wherein the dispersant is 0.01 wt% to 5 wt% with respect to the mixed fuel. In the plasma gasifier for gasifying solid fuel,
A hollow housing in which a cooling flow path is integrally formed inside the body to circulate the cooling water;
A discharge gas supply path is fixedly supported by the insulating member in the hollow part of the housing and supplies the discharge gas between spaces spaced from the inner surface of the housing, thereby providing a plasma by arc discharge generated in the gap with the housing. An electrode unit generating a flame;
A plasma gasifier comprising a mixed fuel supply line for supplying a mixed fuel-water mixed fuel to a plasma flame region of the front end of the electrode unit, the mixed fuel supply line being connected to the cooling passage to preheat the mixed fuel via the cooling passage. . 6. The plasma gasifier of claim 5, wherein the solid fuel is a powder containing a dispersant.

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