KR101329627B1 - 복합 전극 물질, 이를 이용한 복합 전극, 전지 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
복합 전극 물질, 이를 이용한 복합 전극, 전지 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101329627B1 KR101329627B1 KR1020110097176A KR20110097176A KR101329627B1 KR 101329627 B1 KR101329627 B1 KR 101329627B1 KR 1020110097176 A KR1020110097176 A KR 1020110097176A KR 20110097176 A KR20110097176 A KR 20110097176A KR 101329627 B1 KR101329627 B1 KR 101329627B1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical group CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical class [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyacrilate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 비표면적이 800m2/g 이상이며, 양산중인 페놀수지계(BP-20), 석탄계(Coal), 야자각(Palm), 톱밥(Sawdust)계 상업용 활성탄의 표면주사현미경사진(SEM)과 각각의 활성탄의 비표면적을 나타내는 도면이며,
도 3은 도 2의 활성탄을 이용하여, 실시예 1에 의해 제조된 복합 전극 물질들의 SEM 및 활성탄의 비표면적을 나타내는 도면이고,
도 4는 도 3의 야자각계 활성탄(Palm계)을 이용한 복합 전극 물질의 EDS 맵핑(mapping) 원소분석 결과를 나타내는 도면이며,
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예 2에 의해 제조할 수 있는 다양한 조성의 복합 전극물질을 설명하는 개념도이고,
도 6은 본 발명의 실시예 2에 의해 제조할 수 있는 다양한 조성의 복합 전극물질의 열중량분석(TGA) 결과와 SEM 사진을 나타내는 도면이며,
도 7는 본 발명의 실시예 3에 의해 제조된 복합 유황전극의 SEM 사진 결과를 나타내는 도면이고,
도 8은 본 발명의 도 6의 다양한 조성의 복합전극을 이용하여 실시예 4에 따라 제조한 리튬/복합유황전극 전지의 사이클 특성을 비교한 결과를 나타내는 도면이며,
도 9은 활성탄(페놀수지계)과 탄소(Super-P)의 SEM 사진과 비표면적의 측정 결과를 설명하는 도면이고,
도 10는 본 발명의 실시예 4(101-1)에 의해 제조된 복합 양극 활물질과, 비교 예 1에 의해 제조된 활물질을 이용한 전극을 사용한 리튬 전지를 1C 전류밀도에서 충방전하였을 때, 사이클 특성을 비교한 결과를 설명하는 도면이고,
도 11은 본 발명의 실시예 5에 의해 제조된 나트륨/복합 유황양극 전지의 사이클 특성을 설명하는 도면이다.
103 : 기공 105 : 활물질
Claims (9)
- 복합 전극물질을 제조하는 방법에 있어서,
가열, 초음파, 진동, 스터링 및 볼밀링 중 적어도 하나에 의해서 용매에 활물질이 과포화되도록 녹이는 단계;
상기 활물질이 과포화된 용액에 활성탄을 함침시키고 초음파 또는 스터링에 의해서 활물질이 과포화된 용액과 활성탄을 고르게 섞는 단계; 및
상기 고르게 섞인 용액을 냉각 또는 안정화시켜 활성탄 기공 내부에서 활물질을 석출시켜, 활성탄 기공 내부에 활물질을 채우는 단계;를 포함하는, 복합 전극물질 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성탄은, 일면이 외부로 개방되고 그 타면이 폐쇄된 복수의 기공을 포함하며 비표면적이 800㎡/g 보다 크거나 같으며,
광물계(석탄/석유계등), 식물계(야자계, 목질계등) 및 고분자계 중 어느 하나인 탄소집합체인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 전극물질 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활물질은, 황(S), 리튬황화물(Li2S) 혹은 나트륨황화물(Na2S, Na2S3, Na2S5) 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 전극물질 제조 방법. - 제3항에 있어서,
상기 용매는 DMSO(Dimethyl Sulfoxide)이며, 상기 활물질은 황(S)이고,
상기 활성탄 기공 내부에 활물질을 채우는 단계는,
상기 고르게 섞인 용액을 상온으로 냉각시켜 활성탄내에 상기 황을 석출시키는 것을 특징으로하는 복합 전극물질 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활물질이 외부로 유출되는 것을 방지하도록 상기 활성탄의 외부를 코팅하는 단계;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 복합 전극물질 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 활성탄 기공 내부에 활물질을 채우는 단계는, 가열, 감압 또는 초음파 중 어느 하나에 의해서 상기 활성탄의 기공 내에 채워지는 상기 활물질의 량을 조절하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 전극물질 제조 방법. - 복합 전극 제조방법에 있어서,
제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항의 방법에 의해 제조된 복합 전극 물질에 바인더 또는 도전재를 첨가하여 필름형태로 제조하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 전극 제조방법. - 전지에 있어서,
양극;
음극; 및
전해질;을 포함하고,
상기 양극 또는 음극은, 제7항의 방법에 의해 제조된 복합 전극인 것을 특징으로 하는 전지. - 전지에 있어서,
양극;
음극; 및
전해질;을 포함하며,
상기 양극은 제7항의 방법에 의해 제조된 복합 전극이고,
상기 음극은 나트륨 금속인 것을 특징으로 하는 전지.
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JP2001307727A (ja) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-11-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電極材料及びリチウム二次電池 |
JP2010095390A (ja) | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-30 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | メソポーラス炭素複合材料およびこれを用いた二次電池 |
JP2011518743A (ja) | 2008-03-12 | 2011-06-30 | トヨタ モーター エンジニアリング アンド マニュファクチャリング ノース アメリカ,インコーポレイティド | 硫黄−炭素材料 |
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JP2001307727A (ja) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-11-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 電極材料及びリチウム二次電池 |
JP2011518743A (ja) | 2008-03-12 | 2011-06-30 | トヨタ モーター エンジニアリング アンド マニュファクチャリング ノース アメリカ,インコーポレイティド | 硫黄−炭素材料 |
JP2010095390A (ja) | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-30 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | メソポーラス炭素複合材料およびこれを用いた二次電池 |
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Polymer lithiumcells with sulfur composites as cathode materials(Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 1861-1867 * |
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