KR101101676B1 - Variable speed thre-phase alternator with toroidal iron core and permanent magnet - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator, comprising: an annular iron core core of a slotless ferromagnetic material, a winding portion wound at least 48 poles radially on the circumference of the annular iron core core, and a winding A stator part composed of a bearing house in the center of which the parts are coupled, and a rotating electrode plate in which at least 16 poles of a rare earth (NdFeB) permanent magnet are radially alternately disposed with both sides of the winding part and a constant air gap, and a rotating electrode plate. In the rotor cylinder which is spaced apart in parallel with the side of the winding part, and is fixed, a vertical shaft which is freely rotated by being coupled to the rotating cylinder and the rotating plate, and a multiple bearing into which the vertical axis is inserted, and the three-phase AC output of the winding part. A frequency comparator that measures the frequency (rotation speed) and compares it with a set value, and outputs an ON-OFF value. The winding is Y↔Δ switched, and the PWM output is controlled.
The effect of the present invention is to provide a generator that can obtain an electrical output even at 20 ~ 30rpm by directly connecting to a windmill or aberration without a speed increaser, Y↔Δ switching the three-phase winding according to the wind speed (speed), and also, PWM output The maximum electrical output can be obtained by the control.
In addition, the use of a stator wound around an annular core without a pole provides a generator with no cogging torque and facilitates the start of a windmill or aberration.

Description

VARIABLE SPEED THRE-PHASE ALTERNATOR WITH TOROIDAL IRON CORE AND PERMANENT MAGNET}

The present invention relates to a generator for converting rotational motion into electrical energy directly connected to a rotating shaft of a windmill or aberration, and more particularly, to an annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator having improved power generation efficiency in a low speed region.

Conventional induction generators or synchronous generators are mainly used in wind power generators and tidal generators, but these generators need to maintain a high speed at a constant speed or higher during power generation, and thus require a separate speed increasing device and have a narrow operating range. At low wind speeds, the output voltage is too low to charge the battery, and there is a problem that the output does not increase even if the wind speed is too high. In addition, these generators have a problem that makes it more difficult to start the windmill because of the cogging torque (Starting).

In Korean Patent No. 10-0970435, the inner coil is wound in a circumferential direction on the inner side of the cylinder, and an outer coil is wound on the outer side, and axial permanent magnets are disposed on both sides of the inner coil, and the outer coil is disposed on the outer side of the outer coil. Although a circumferential permanent magnet is disposed and coupled to the rotating rotor part, a hybrid wind power generator is characterized in that the three-phase current is output from the inner coil and the outer coil, but the permanent magnet and the coil are manufactured in double. Costly, there is a problem that cogging torque occurs.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0970435 Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0601491 Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0870738 United States Patent US 5,304,883 United States Patent US 6,849,982 B2

1.AXIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET DISC MACHINE: REVIEW by M. Audin, S. Huang and T. A. Lipo 2.Preliminary test results of an axial flux toroidal stator wind power generator by H. Keppola etc. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DOUBLE-ROTOR PM BRUSHLESS MOTORS WITH CYLINDRICAL AND DISC TYPE SLOT-LESS ROTOR by Pavani Gottipati, Andhra University, 2004

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, to provide a windmill or a water turbine direct-type wind power generator that does not use a speed increaser.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a wind generator that can obtain a maximum output even in a low wind speed or high wind speed region.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a generator without cogging torque.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a wind generator suitable for vertical loads.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an annular iron core core of a ferromagnetic material without a slot, an insulating partition plate of plastic covered on both upper and lower sides of the annular iron core core, and an annular iron core core covered with an insulating partition plate. The electric phase annular winding unit wound at least 48 poles radially enameled copper wire at regular intervals so that three-phase alternating current is output on the circumference thereof, the fixed disk coupled to the circumference of the annular winding unit, It features a stator part consisting of a central bearing house into which the stationary disk is screwed.

Also, on both sides of the annular core core / winding part, a rotary electrode plate in which at least 16 poles of radially alternating polarity of rare earth permanent magnets (NdFeB), which face each other with the same poles with a certain air gap therebetween, is alternately arranged in a polarity; It is characterized by a rotor consisting of a rotating cylinder spaced apart in parallel to the rotating pole plates, and supported from the outside, a vertical axis coupled to the rotating cylinder and the rotating plate to freely rotate, and the multiple bearings to which the vertical axis is inserted and fixed.

In addition, the frequency comparator for measuring the frequency (speed) in any one phase of the three-phase AC output of the winding portion and outputs an ON-OFF value compared to the set frequency value, and the on-off output of the frequency comparator It provides an annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator, characterized in that it comprises an output control unit consisting of a Y ↔ Δ switch for converting the winding of the annular winding portion to the Y- or Δ-connection.

The effects of the present invention as described above, by providing a pole of the rotor super strong permanent magnet of 16 or more poles and a stator winding of more than 48 poles, to provide a generator that can be directly connected to the windmill or aberration without an increaser to obtain an electrical output at 20 ~ 30rpm do. Therefore, the electric output can be obtained even at a low wind speed of 2m per second, and the maximum electrical output can be obtained even at high wind speeds of 25m / min or more by PWM output control by Y↔Δ switching of three-phase windings according to the wind speed (number of revolutions). Provides a wind generator that can be.

The use of a stator wound around a poleless annular iron core without slots provides a generator without cogging torque and facilitates the start of a windmill or aberration.

In addition, by inserting four or more bearings vertically into the rotor vertical axis subjected to the vertical load of the windmill, the vertical load is distributed to each bearing is suitable for the vertical axis wind turbine.

1 is an assembled cross-sectional view of a generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a top view of the top rotating plate where the permanent magnets are arranged radially with alternating polarity, and FIG. 2B is a top view of the middle or bottom rotating plate where the permanent magnets are arranged radially with alternating polarity.
Figure 3 is a top view of the winding portion showing the stator portion of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic flux Φ flowing through the permanent magnet and the winding of the rotating electrode plate.
Fig. 5A is a top view of Fig. 5B is a sectional view of the insulating partition plate covered on the top and bottom surfaces of the annular iron core.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the stator section showing the direction in which the enamelled copper wire is wound and the position of the winding coil, and the connection diagram at the time of Y-connection.
7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a three-phase lead wire and an output control unit of the stator unit;

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. The following description and drawings are presented for the purpose of understanding the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description and drawings. In addition, descriptions of known configurations, techniques, and functions will be omitted for those skilled in the art.

The annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator of the present invention includes: (1) a rotor portion comprising a rotating electrode plate in which a plurality of rare earth permanent magnets (NdFeB) are radially disposed on a disc of a ferromagnetic material, and an outer rotating cylinder supporting a rotating disc; (2) a stator part of which enamelled copper wire is wound at three times or more of the permanent magnet so that three-phase AC output is output to the annular core core without protrusions, and (3) an output control part that controls the output of the generator to the maximum. It is composed.

1 is an assembled cross-sectional view of an annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the rotor part 100 and the stator part 200 are assembled, and FIG. 3 is a top view of the stator portion 200 in which an enamelled copper wire is wound around an annular iron core. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the rotor unit 100 will be described. The rotary electrode plate 102 in which the rare earth (NdFeB) permanent magnets 101 are alternately arranged with different polarities in the ferromagnetic metal source plates 106 and 106 ', A rotary cylinder 103 spaced apart in parallel at predetermined intervals and supporting the spaced apart parallel rotary plate plates 102 on a circumferential outer side; and the rotary cylinder 103 and the rotary plate plate 102. The rotating vertical shaft 104 is coupled to the free rotation and the rotating vertical shaft 104 is composed of a multiple bearing 105 is inserted freely rotated.

The rotating electrode plate 102 polarizes a rare earth permanent magnet (NdFeB) 101 having a fan-shaped (or rectangular) shape on one side of the ferromagnetic metal disc 106 having a thickness of 3 to 5 mm or both sides of the metal disc 106 '. Alternately and evenly alternate radially. The permanent magnet 101 is evenly fixed to the ferromagnetic metal discs 106 and 106 'by using a strong adhesive such as epoxy. The metal discs 106 and 106 'prevent the magnetic flux from leaking from the permanent magnets 101 arranged thereon, and further, a stator part disposed between the rotating plate 102 and the rotating plate 102 to face each other. A gyros with the annular core side of 200 are formed. The number of poles of the permanent magnets 101 to be arranged is 1/3 to 1/5 of the number of coils of the wound winding (203). For example, when the number of poles of the windings 203 is 48 poles, the permanent magnets ( 101 denotes 16 poles. Heat generated inside the generator is discharged to the outside through the metal discs 106 and 106 ', and a plurality of fixing through holes 108 are formed on the circumference of the metal disc 106. Decomposition center hole 109 is formed in the field and the center.

The upper flange 110 is provided with a plurality of female threads 111 for screwing a horizontal frame (not shown) of the vertical shaft wind turbine at a predetermined position, and further, a through hole 108 formed in the metal disc 106. Provide the flange through hole at the position corresponding to). The lower portion of the metal disk 106 is coupled to the T-shaped rotation vertical axis 104. The upper surface of the rotation vertical axis 104 has a vertical shaft female screw 112 at a position coinciding with the through hole formed in the metal disk 106 and the upper flange 110. Form. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper flange 110 and the rotating electrode plate 102 are screwed onto the female shaft 112 of the vertical shaft 104 of the rotating vertical shaft 104 through the through hole 108 with the bolt shaft 112. The central axis of the rotation vertical axis 104 is inserted into the inner circumferential surface of the multiple bearing 105 to rotate.

The outer edges of the ferromagnetic disks 106 and 106 'of the rotating plate 102 are inserted into the inner diameter of the coupling step formed at the end of the rotating cylinder 103, and are firmly fixed by tightening side bolts (not shown). The rotary cylinder 103 is a cylinder made of aluminum or stainless steel, which is a nonmagnetic material, and forms a cooling fin (not shown) in the rotational direction on the outside of the rotary cylinder 103, Insert the outer edge of the rotary electrode plate 102 to a certain depth to form a coupling step for holding in parallel with the side of the stator part 200 at a constant distance, the height of the fixed support of the rotating cylinder 103 is the stator part 200 side The height, the voids on both sides, and the height of the rotating electrode plates 102 on both sides are added to each other, in order to increase the capacity of the generator, the stator portion 200 is assembled between the two or more layers of the rotor portion 100. To be more specific, The rotating electrode plate 106 'coupled to the middle, or the bottom of the generator, forms a ferromagnetic disc inner diameter 116 at the center as shown in FIG. 2 (b) to be spaced apart from the bearing house 205 during rotation to cause interference. Free to rotate without receiving.

Now, the stator part 200 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 5 (a) and 5 (b). The stator part 200 includes an annular iron core core 201 of a ferromagnetic material having no slots, an insulating partition plate 202 covering upper and lower surfaces of the annular iron core core 201, and the insulating partition plate 202. A winding portion 203 wound around the enameled copper wire radially at regular intervals so that three-phase alternating current is output on the circumference of the covered annular core core 201 and fixed fixedly bonded on the inner circumference of the winding portion 203. A disk 204 and a central bearing house 205 in which the fixed disk 204 adhesively fixed to the winding part 203 is screwed together.

The annular core core 201 is a coil of 0.2-0.3 mm thick silicon steel sheet wound in a coil shape. It is doubled, and the height is 2 to 5 times the thickness of the permanent magnet 101, wound in a coil shape and then cooled for 4 hours after the thermal annealing at 600 ~ 700 ℃.

The insulating partition plate 202 is a plastic molded body, which is covered on the upper and lower surfaces of the annular core core 201, and has a bulging partition partition 206 having a diameter of 2-3 mm at regular intervals radially on the circumference of 3 times. 48 to 78 are formed, and each compartment compartment 207 is wound around the enamelled copper wire in a constant width and layer, and is insulated from the inner and outer edges of the annular core core 201.

The winding part 203 winds the enamelled copper wire of predetermined diameter according to generator capacity 15 to 25 times in each compartment 207 of the annular core core 201 and the insulating partition plate 202. As shown in FIG. The winding direction of each compartment 207 is reversed to the winding direction of each of the three compartments, and the windings corresponding to each phase are connected in series so that the winding wound on each compartment is outputted three-phase alternating current, and in series The output line of each connected phase can be taken out to be switched to Y- or Δ-connection.

In addition, the winding portion 203 is fixed to the bearing house 205 via the fixed disk 204, the thermal conductivity is large, a non-magnetic aluminum ring annular, the center portion is inserted into the outer diameter of the bearing house 205 An inner diameter 208 is formed, and a plurality of coupling holes 209 are formed on the circumference outside the inner diameter 206. The outer edge of the fixed disk 204 is bonded to the inner circumference of the winding part 203 and a strong adhesive such as epoxy, and the gap inserted into the bearing house 205 outside the center by a coupling hole 209 formed in the fixed disk 204. It is screwed to the ring 210, the gap ring 210, the gap ring 210 is fixed to the outside of the bearing house 205 by a female screw (not shown) formed on the side, the cylinder inside the bearing house 205 By inserting a plurality of multiple bearings 105 in the axial direction, it distributes the vertical load and functions to minimize the shaking of the vertical axis.

In the lower surface of the bearing house 205, a plurality of generator fixing arms (2120) are formed on the circumference so as to be combined with a support shaft (not shown) of a windmill or aberration. It is possible to fix the thrust bearing 213. The shaft bolt 113 is inserted into the thrust bearing inner diameter to be fastened to a screw formed at the lower center of the rotating vertical shaft 104 to prevent the rotation of the vertical shaft.

In order to separate the rotor part 100 and the stator part 200 coupled by the suction force of a very strong permanent magnet, a disassembly female thread 114 is provided at the center of the upper flange 110, and a long male screw (not shown) When tightened, the bottom of the disassembly center hole 109 formed on the rotation vertical axis 104 is pushed out through the center hole 109 formed at the center of the ferromagnetic disc 106 to rotate the rotary electrode plate 102 and the rotation vertical axis 104. It can be easily separated and disassembled.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a furnace of the generator of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the permanent magnet 101 of the up and down rotor part 100 faces the N pole or the S pole face to face each other, and the stator part 200 winding part 203 is disposed therebetween. The magnetic flux Φ passes through the air gap and the winding of the stator part 200 to form a magnetic path returning to the opposite pole of the adjacent permanent magnet 101 along the circumference of the annular iron core 201 of the stator part 200. As described above, the upper and lower rotor parts 100 are coupled to the rotating shaft of the windmill or the aberration by falling into the stator part 200 and a constant air gap, and rotate in the direction of the arrow, and the permanent magnets of the upper and lower rotor parts 100 (101). Magnetic flux Φ from the) is concentrated inside the annular core core 201 flows without leakage to the outside.

6 shows a method of winding three phases around the stator portion 200 annular iron core 201. The first phase is shown in partial phases A01 to A16, with windings A01, A03 .... A15 odd in one direction constituting partial phase a, windings wound in the other direction ( A02, A04 .... A6 even) constitute partial phase b. The second phase and the third phase also have partial phases a and b like the first phase. The winding portion 203 of each stator portion 200 is wound in a direction opposite to the other adjacent phase, and the instantaneous magnetic flux of the rotor portion 100 is almost the same through all the windings of any winding portion 203 This results in a high voltage as the magnetic flux changes due to the rotor part 100 rotational movement. At this time, the induced phase voltage is expressed by Equation 1 below.

N : number of turns

Ns : Division division number

Nph : a constant

f : frequency

Φ max : Maximum value of basic magnetic flux

Φ max  = Amagn  X Bmax

here,Bmax : Maximum magnetic flux density of voids from magnet

7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an output control unit 300 for obtaining a maximum output in the generator of the present invention. Frequency comparator 301 for measuring the frequency (speed) in any one phase of the three-phase AC output of the winding unit 203 of the stator 200 and outputting an ON-OFF value by comparing with a set frequency value And Y↔Δ connection switcher 302, three-phase, made of a semiconductor switch for converting the winding of the winding unit 203 to Y- or Δ-connection by the on-off output of the frequency comparator 301 A rectifier 303 for converting AC into DC, and a pulse width modulator (PWM) 304 for regulating the rectified DC according to the output variation of the wind turbine.

배로 커지므로 저속에서도 높은 전압을 얻을 수 있고, 고속에서는 Δ 결선으로 절환하여 높은 전류출력을 얻을 수 있다.The Y↔Δ connection changer is a well-known technique commonly used in motor or generator specialty. For low speed rotation, when the Y connection is made, the output voltage

Since it becomes twice as large, a high voltage can be obtained even at a low speed, and high current output can be obtained by switching to a Δ connection at a high speed.

100: rotor portion 101: permanent magnet
102: rotating electrode plate 103: rotating cylinder
104: rotational vertical axis 105: multiple bearing
106, 106 ': Ferromagnetic disc 108: Through hole
109: center hole 110: upper flange
111: flange female thread 112: vertical shaft bolt
113: shaft bolt 114: disassembly female thread
115: hole for decomposition 116: ferromagnetic disc bore
200: stator part 201: annular iron core
202: insulating partition 203: winding part
204: fixed disk 205: bearing house
206: compartment partition 207: compartment compartment
208: inner diameter 209: coupling hole
210: gap ring 211: stator coupling bolt
212 generator fixing female thread 213 thrust bearing
300: output control unit 301: frequency comparator
302: Y-Δ connection switch 303: rectifier
304: pulse width modulator (PWM)

Claims (11)

At regular intervals, three-phase alternating current is output on the circumference of the annular core core of a ferromagnetic material without slots, the insulating partition plate of plastic covered on both sides of the annular iron core core, and the annular core core covered with the insulating partition plate. An electric phase annular winding unit winding radially enameled copper wires of 48 poles or more, a fixed disk coupled to the inner circumference of the annular winding unit, and a fixed bearing center screwed into the annular winding unit. Confidence,
On both sides of the annular winding part, a rotary electrode plate in which rare earth permanent magnets (NdFeB), which face each other with the same pole with a certain air gap therebetween, is disposed radially with at least 16 poles alternately arranged, and the rotating electrode plates are parallel to each other. A rotor cylinder formed of multiple bearings spaced apart from each other, and fixed to the outside and fixed to the outside, a vertical axis freely rotating by being coupled to the rotating cylinder and the rotating electrode plate, and the vertical axis being inserted and fixed thereto;
A frequency comparator for measuring a frequency (speed) in one phase of the three-phase AC output of the winding unit and outputting an ON-OFF value by comparing with a set frequency value;
3-phase annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed, characterized in that it comprises an output control unit consisting of a Y ↔ Δ switch for converting the winding of the annular winding portion to Y- or Δ-connection by the on-off output of the frequency comparator generator.
The method of claim 1,
The annular iron core is
The steel plate of 0.2 to 0.3mm thickness is made so that the difference between the outside diameter and the inside diameter is twice the length of the rare earth permanent magnet used in the generator, and the height is 2 to 5 times the height of the rare earth permanent magnet. Ring-shaped core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator, characterized in that after cooling to the shape, after cooling for 4 hours at 600 ~ 700 ℃.
The method of claim 1,
The insulating partition plate,
As a plastic molded body, it is covered and covered on the upper and lower surfaces of the annular core core, and forms radially projecting compartments on the circumference so that enameled copper wire can be wound around each compartment with a constant width and layer. An annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator characterized by ensuring insulation at the corners.
The method of claim 1,
The winding unit,
The enamelled copper wire having a predetermined diameter is wound in each compartment of the insulation partition plate divided at equal intervals, and the winding direction is reversed every three compartments, and three-phase alternating current is output from the winding section wound in each compartment. Variable winding speed of the annular iron core core permanent magnet, characterized in that it is possible to connect the windings three times in series, and to draw out the start line and the last line of each phase connected in series to the Y-wire or Δ-wire. Three-phase generator.
The method of claim 1,
The fixed disk,
A plate made of aluminum or stainless steel, which is large in thermal conductivity, and has an inner diameter that can be inserted into an outer diameter of a bearing house at its center, and a plurality of engaging holes having a predetermined diameter are formed radially on the outer side of the inner diameter for fixing. The outer edge of the disk is combined with a strong adhesive such as epoxy and the annular iron core core and the winding part, and is fixed to the bearing house at the center of the generator with a coupling hole formed in the fixed disk, the permanent core variable speed variable magnet three-phase generator.
The method of claim 1,
The bearing house,
The inner part accommodates a plurality of bearings in the axial direction in order to distribute the vertical load and minimize the shaking of the vertical axis, and the outer part of the annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase characterized in that the fixing portion is configured by screwing the fixed disk generator.
The method of claim 1,
The rotating electrode plate,
Float-like (rectangular) rare earth permanent magnets (NdFeB) are alternately arranged radially on one or both sides of a ferromagnetic disk of 3 to 5 mm thickness, and the number of permanent magnet poles is 1/3 to 1 of the number of coils wound Annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator, characterized in that / 5.
The method of claim 1,
The rotating cylinder,
A cylinder made of aluminum or stainless steel, which is a nonmagnetic material, has a cooling fin formed outside the rotating cylinder in a rotational direction, and a coupling step portion for holding the rotating electrode plate at a constant distance in parallel in the circumferential direction at both ends of the rotating cylinder, and rotating Cylindrical height is a variable speed three-phase generator of an annular iron core core permanent magnet, characterized in that the height of the winding portion is added to the air gap of 2 ~ 3mm on both sides and the height of the rotating electrode plate on both sides.
The method of claim 1,
The vertical axis is,
It is made of non-magnetic aluminum or stainless steel, the shape of the disc and the central axis is integrated, the upper surface of the disk is formed with a plurality of coupling holes near the outer edge and the flange coupled to the blade of the windmill, the vertical axis of the outer plate is the rotary plate An annular iron core permanent magnet variable speed, characterized in that it is fixed by the axial vertical bolt is inserted into the coupling step of the disc is inserted into the disc coupling hole, the central axis is fixed to the inner circumference of the bearing housed in the bearing house to perform free rotation 3 phase generator.
The method of claim 1,
The frequency comparator,
An alternating iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator, characterized in that the on-off contact output is made by comparing a set frequency value with a counter for measuring the frequency from one phase AC pulsation of the generator three-phase output.
The method of claim 1,
The output control unit,
An annular iron core core permanent magnet variable speed three-phase generator, characterized in that consisting of a semiconductor switch for converting the winding of the winding portion to the Y-connection or Δ-connection by the on-off output of the frequency comparator.

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