KR101080961B1 - Measuring Method for Mass of Loaded Soil on Dump Truck and Calculating Method of Soil Volume Conversion Factor - Google Patents

Abstract

As the laser scanning measures the volume of the dump truck loaded into the dump truck loading box, it is possible to calculate the volume conversion factor more accurately and quickly, and detects whether the dump truck is approaching and checks the multiple laser scanners installed at the point where the dump truck passes. By scanning the shape of the soil loaded in the dump truck loading bin in various directions, measuring the weight of the dump truck through the weighing machine, and storing the specifications of the dump truck loading box recognized from the identification tag attached to the dump truck. From the database and match the reference point of the measured image obtained from the laser scanner with the reference image, and then analyze the shape difference between the base image and the measured image to calculate the loose soil volume, and from the database Subtract the basic weight of the loaded dump truck The present invention provides a method for calculating a soil conversion factor including calculating a weight of soil loaded in a loading box, converting the soil into soil volume, and calculating a soil conversion coefficient of loose soil using the calculated loose soil and soil soil.

Dump truck, loading box, volume, measurement, photo, laser scanning, conversion factor, output, scanner, computer

Description

{Measuring Method for Mass of Loaded Soil on Dump Truck and Calculating Method of Soil Volume Conversion Factor}

The present invention relates to a method for calculating a dump truck loading volume and a method for calculating a volume conversion coefficient. The present invention relates to a dump truck loading volume calculation capable of quickly and accurately measuring a volume loaded in a dump truck stack using laser scanning and calculating a volume conversion coefficient. The present invention relates to a method and a method for calculating a soil conversion coefficient.

In general, in a large-scale civil engineering work, construction is carried out by transporting soil cut from one side to another, and it is very accurate to accurately measure the amount of soil carried (cut) and the amount of soil to be cut. It is important.

Usually, in complex construction, etc., 1m3 of soil is cut off at the site, and it is applied to design that it becomes 1m3 of soil when it is filled without artificial compaction. However, when the soil is cut at the site, the soil is disturbed and loosened, so that the volume expands, thus increasing the volume of the original soil, and when the loose soil is reclaimed, the density is increased, so the volume decreases again. Therefore, the ratio of soil on loose ground to loose soil is called the soil conversion factor L value, and the ratio of soil to ground soil to compacted soil is called soil conversion factor C value.

The following equations (1) and (2) show equations for calculating the soil conversion coefficient (L value) of loose soil and the soil conversion coefficient (C value) of compacted soil.

To calculate the exact amount of cut and soil cost, and therefore the amount of transport and transport costs corresponding to the amount of fill required for the construction of the site complex, the C and L values must be applied correctly. Therefore, the measurement and application of rational soil conversion factors in large-scale complex construction are very important in construction management and project management.

In the conventional case, the transport volume of each dump truck is rarely measured, and the contractor is contracted with the contractor and the earthworker by loading a certain amount of volume per dump truck for each type of soil, and then inspecting the quantity of the dump truck used for transportation. It takes the method of converting the total conveyed soil volume. Therefore, the exact amount of transported soil and the amount of soil required for additional fill is not known.

In some cases, a light wave rangemeter is installed at the gate through which the dump truck passes to measure the soil volume. In this case, a large number of optical wave range meters must be provided for high accuracy measurement, and excessive cost is required. In addition, there is a problem that the measurement accuracy deteriorates due to changes in the speed and direction of the dump truck passing under the gate. Further, there is a problem that the dump truck is difficult to correct the tilt of the light wave rangefinder due to vibration or the like.

In Korea, the soil conversion coefficient of weathered rock is not specified. Recently, the land conversion coefficient of weathered rock is provided by the Land Corporation, but the difference in the field is reported to be large.

These causes are very difficult to distinguish between weathered rock and weathered soil in the field, and the grounds classified as weathered rock often change rapidly locally. The weathered granite or weathered rock is a mixture of sandy soil and clay. Because most of the rock mass is mixed, it is difficult to accurately apply the conversion factor according to the soil. In addition, in case of applying the volume conversion factor uniformly, it is not possible to reflect the difference that occurs depending on the site or even at the same site.

For example, domestic weathered soil is a mixture of sandy soil and clay (SM), and soils and rocks that have not yet been weathered are mostly mixed, and when the soil is composed of the same type of soil, the difference in soil conversion coefficient is relatively Although it is small, it is inevitable that the difference in soil conversion coefficient will be large due to the difference in the composition ratio, and eventually the numerical difference between the minimum and the maximum is increased, and the ratio of the rational soil conversion coefficient is correct. It is very difficult to apply.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method to reasonably measure the amount of soil transported directly from the site, and to reasonably estimate the soil conversion coefficient of the mixed soil in consideration of both soil and rock component ratios.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above, and thus provides a dump truck loading volume calculation method capable of quickly and accurately calculating transported soil volume by measuring the loaded soil volume in real time using a laser scanner. .

Another object of the present invention is to obtain the image of the dump truck loading box using a laser scanner and at the same time to measure the weight of the dump truck and to analyze the calculated soil conversion factor (L value) of loose soil for the loaded soil, It is possible to calculate the exact soil conversion coefficient in real time by calculating the soil conversion coefficient (C value) of the compacted soil in comparison with the estimated soil volume. Therefore, it is possible to calculate additional required soil, calculate the construction cost and change the design appropriately and quickly. It is to provide a method for calculating the soil conversion coefficient.

The dump truck loading volume calculation method proposed by the present invention detects the approach of the dump truck, and uses the plurality of laser scanners installed at the point where the dump truck passes, and the shape of the soil loaded in the dump truck stacker in various directions. Scanning and retrieving the specifications of the dump truck loading box recognized from the identification tag attached to the dump truck from the database, matching the base point of the measured image obtained from the laser scanner with the base image imported from the database, and then And analyzing the shape difference between the measured images to calculate the soil volume.

In the above, the laser scanner is preferably installed by dividing the two into two axes so that the shading portion can be minimized.

The identification tag is preferable because the use of an active RFID (RF ID) can prevent the recognition failure due to dispersed dust and the like, and can be embedded, thereby preventing the risk of damage due to external exposure.

In the present invention, the method for calculating the volume conversion coefficient detects whether the dump truck is approaching, scans the shape of the soil loaded in the dump truck stacker in various directions using a plurality of laser scanners installed at the point where the dump truck passes, The weight of the dump truck is measured by a weighing machine, and the specifications of the dump truck's loading box recognized from the identification tag attached to the dump truck are loaded from the database, the base image loaded from the database, and the measured image obtained from the laser scanner. Matching the reference point of, and then analyzing the shape difference between the base image and the measured image to calculate the loose soil, subtract the basis weight of the dump truck loaded from the database from the weight measured by the weighing machine Calculate the weight of and convert it to the soil volume of the original ground, It comprises the step of using the exported loose toryang and wonjiban toryang yield toryang conversion factor of loose soil.

According to the dump truck loading volume calculation method and the conversion factor calculation method according to the present invention, the measurement of the volume and volume of the soil is measured by using a surveying technique that calculates the volume and the conversion factor by analyzing the images obtained by using a plurality of laser scanners The calculation of the conversion factor is very simple and quick.

In addition, according to the dump truck loading capacity calculation method and the calculation method of the conversion factor according to the present invention, correction is performed using a reference point installed in the frame, and the image is analyzed by reflecting the loading box information according to each vehicle type to determine the volume and the conversion factor. As a result, it is possible to always provide an accurate volume and volume conversion factor.

According to the method for calculating the volume conversion coefficient according to the present invention, it is possible to calculate a more accurate volume conversion coefficient by mixing the measurement of the weight with a weighing machine and laser scanning, and thus it is possible to make a design change appropriately and quickly. .

Next, a preferred embodiment of the dump truck loading volume calculation method and the volume conversion coefficient calculation method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the dump truck loading box measuring system used in the embodiment according to the present invention includes a frame 10, a plurality of laser scanners 20, and a computer 80, as shown in FIGS.

The frame 10 is installed upright on the ground so that the dump truck 2 can pass through.

The frame 10 is provided with a reference point 18 at a predetermined position.

When the reference point 18 is provided as described above, the reference point 18 may be used when analyzing the image image scanned by the laser scanner 20, and the accurate analysis may be performed by reflecting a more accurate photographing ratio. It is possible.

The frame 10 is formed and installed in the form of a gate so that the dump truck 2 can travel through.

For example, the frame 10 can also be configured in a shape consisting of four or more pillars and a ceiling (plate-like or skeleton-only shape, etc.).

It is also possible to install a sensor 30 in the frame 10.

The sensor 30 is installed at the inlet side (back side) of the frame 10 to detect that the dump truck 2 enters the frame 10.

Since the detection sensor 30 may be implemented by applying various object detection sensors such as an infrared sensor or a laser sensor, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The sensor 30 is connected to transmit a detection signal to the computer (80).

The laser scanner 20 is installed above the frame 10.

The laser scanner 20 is installed as a biaxial laser scanner. In the above laser scanner 20 it is preferable to configure a total of four units in two axes (two axes of different heights) to minimize the shadow portion.

When the laser scanner 20 is configured as a two-axis laser scanner as described above, it is possible to obtain direct point coordinates of the surface in two directions, and the result can be quickly obtained by simplifying the post-processing process for automatic merging and volume calculation. It is possible to derive.

In the above, instead of the laser scanner 20, two or more digital cameras may be installed so as to supplement the shooting range with each other, so as to obtain an image. The digital camera is preferable to be installed so that the shooting range overlaps with each other, which is more accurate. The digital camera is installed by setting the photographing angle so that photographing is possible for the entire length of the stacking box 6 of the dump truck 2 at a time. The digital camera is installed to photograph the stack 6 of the dump truck 2 in different directions.

In the computer 80, when the detection signal indicating that the dump truck 2 enters the frame 10 is transmitted through the sensor 30, the set dump truck 2 is located at a predetermined position inside the frame 10. After passing the time required to completely enter (elapsed time), the start signal is transmitted to the laser scanner 20.

The laser scanner 20 scans the stacking box 6 of the dump truck 2 at the same time as receiving the start signal from the computer 80, and transmits the scanned image to the computer 80.

The computer 80 analyzes the measured image received from the laser scanner 20 to calculate the volume and output the result.

As an output device (not shown) of the computer 80, a monitor, a printer, and the like, which are generally well known, can be used.

And one embodiment of the dump truck loading box measuring system according to the present invention, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, installed on the dump truck 2 and the identification tag (8) containing information about the vehicle model and identification number, and It further includes an identification reader (50) installed in the frame (10) and reading the identification tag (8) installed in the dump truck (2) and transmits it to the computer (80).

The identification tag 8 is mounted on the roof surface of the driver's seat cap 4 of the dump truck 2 or the front glass window.

The identification tag 8 is constructed using an RF ID chip or the like. The identification tag 8 can also be configured using a barcode or the like.

If the identification tag 8 is configured using an active RFID, it can be remotely recognized by the generation of its own unique radio signal, and can be prevented and built up by recognition of scattered dust and damaged by external exposure. You can get the advantage that there is no concern.

The identification tag 8 stores information such as an identification number for a vehicle model, a vehicle number, and the like.

When the identification tag 8 is attached as described above, detailed information on the size, length, weight, and the like of the loading box 6 according to the vehicle model to be measured can be utilized. Therefore, it is more accurate to read the scanned image image. It is possible. The computer 80 includes information about the size (horizontal, vertical, height, and volume) of the loading bin 6 for each vehicle type of the dump truck 2, information about weight, and a reference point in an image image of the loading bin 6. Information is stored in the database.

The identification reader 50 is provided with an RFID ID receiver or the like corresponding to the configuration of the identification tag 8. When the barcode is used as the identification tag 8, the identification reader 50 is configured as a barcode reader.

The identification reader 50 has a frame in which the cap 4 of the dump truck 2 is located so that the identification tag 8 can be read while scanning the stack 6 with the laser scanner 20. It is preferable to install at the upper part of the exit side (front side) of 10).

And it is also possible to further install a weighing machine 70 for measuring the weight of the dump truck 2 passing through the lower portion of the frame (10).

The weigher 70 is configured to transmit the measured value to the computer 10.

When the weighing unit 70 is installed as described above, the weight after loading the soil of the dump truck 2 is measured, and the weight after loading the soil is measured based on the information obtained from the identification tag 8. It is possible to calculate the weight of the soil by subtracting from the weight.

Therefore, it is possible to calculate the volume of soil in consideration of the unit weight of the point where the soil is dumped from the calculated weight of the soil, and use it to estimate the soil volume of the original ground (the point of excavation of the soil). It is also possible to calculate coefficients (L and C values).

And it is possible to appropriately control the overload vehicle by using the weight measured through the weighing device (70).

The weight measuring device 70 can be configured using a load cell or the like.

Next, a process of calculating the amount of soil loaded into the dump truck loading box and a process of calculating the volume conversion coefficient using the dump truck loading box measuring system configured as described above will be described.

First, an embodiment of the dump truck loading capacity calculation method according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, detects the approach of the dump truck 2 (S10), installed at the point where the dump truck 2 passes Using the plurality of laser scanners 20 to be scanned in a variety of directions the shape of the soil loaded in the dump truck (2) loading box (6) (S20).

Scanning by the laser scanner 20 may be performed by passing the dump truck 2 at a constant speed, and a part of the frame 10 in which the laser scanner 20 is installed while the dump truck 2 is stopped. It is also possible to perform such a configuration that the two axes move forward and backward so as to pass through the stacking box 6 as a whole.

The structure in which the laser scanner 20 moves in the above can be implemented by applying a configuration such as an LM guide, which is generally used in an automated facility, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The approach of the dump truck (2) can be detected through the detection sensor 30, and the identification tag (8) consisting of the RFID to detect through the identification reader (50) consisting of the RFID receiver It is also possible.

For example, when the identification tag 8 is configured using the RFID, the dump truck 2 is formed by using the identification reader 50 configured as the RFID receiver without installing a separate sensor 30. It is also possible to configure to detect the access of.

As described above, when the dump truck 2 detects the approach of the dump truck 2 through the sensor 30 or the RFID receiver, and the detection signal is transmitted to the computer 80, the computer 80 sends the laser scanner 20 to the laser scanner 20. The photographing start signal is transmitted to transmit the operation signal to start scanning (S10).

For example, in the computer 80, after the set time has elapsed in consideration of the entry speed of the conventional dump truck 2 from the time detected by the sensor 30, the scanning of the laser scanner 20 is started. Transmit shooting start signal.

The image obtained through the laser scanner 20 is transmitted to the computer 80 and stored (S20).

The images scanned by the four laser scanners 20 configured as two axes are synthesized into one image image in the computer 80 and stored as a measurement image in which a shadow portion is minimized.

In the above, when the dump truck 2 approaches the frame 10 or while the scanning by the laser scanner 20 is in progress, the identification reader 50 removes the identification tag 8 installed in the dump truck 2. Recognizes and reads the signal transmitted to the computer 80 (S30).

The computer 80 stores the specifications for the stack 6 of the dump truck 2 recognized from the identification tag 8 attached to the dump truck 2 in the storage device (memory) of the computer 80. Recall from the database (S40).

The specifications stored in the storage device (memory) of the computer 80 are the base image (image image of the loading box 6) and the reference point for the loading box 6, the horizontal, vertical, height and volume of the loading box 6 Information, the weight of the dump truck 2 including the loading box 6, and the like.

It is also possible to use an image image of the empty loading box 6 scanned with the laser scanner 2 as the basic image.

The computer 80 performs an operation of matching the reference point of the base image loaded from the database with the measured image obtained from the laser scanner (S50).

For example, the image is overlapped with the base image and the measured image, synthesized, and then one of the reference points of the base image (the first reference point) and one of the reference points of the corresponding measurement image (the first reference point) are matched. An operation of enlarging or reducing the measured image is performed to match another reference point of the other reference point and the corresponding measured image.

In addition, the computer 80 analyzes the shape difference between the base image and the measured image to calculate the volume and output the volume (S60).

The computer 80 stores the bird's-eye view and the contour diagram of the measured image, and outputs it if necessary.

One embodiment of the dump truck loading volume calculation method according to the present invention made as described above is in the case of the dump truck (2) passing through the frame 10 at a speed of about 10km / h or less without stopping in the middle It is possible to measure and precisely measure the amount of soil loaded per dump truck with an accuracy of 1% or less of dispersion.

And one embodiment of the method of calculating the volume conversion coefficient according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, detects the approach of the dump truck 2 (S10), a plurality of installed at the point where the dump truck 2 passes Using the laser scanner 20 of the dump truck 2, the shape of the soil loaded in the stacking box 6 is scanned in various directions (S20).

In addition, the weight of the dump truck 2 is measured by the weighing device 70 (S25).

The computer 80 retrieves the specifications of the dump truck 2 recognized from the identification tag 8 attached to the dump truck 2 from the database (S30, S40).

In operation S60, the computer 80 matches the reference point of the base image loaded from the database and the measured image obtained from the laser scanner 20, and then analyzes the shape difference between the base image and the captured image (S60). .

In addition, the computer 80 calculates the weight of the soil loaded in the stacking box 6 by subtracting the weight of the dump truck loaded from the database from the weight measured by the weighing machine 70 (S70).

From the weight of the soil loaded in the stacking box 6 calculated above, the soil weight of the ground is converted using the unit weight of the ground. In other words, it is possible to calculate the soil amount of the original ground in consideration of the unit weight of the original ground from the calculated weight of the soil.

In addition, the computer 80 calculates the soil volume conversion coefficient (L value) of the loose soil by using the calculated loose soil and ground soil.

In addition, by calculating the soil conversion factor (C value) of the compacted soil in comparison with the accumulated soil amount, it is possible to calculate the accurate soil conversion factor in real time, and to calculate the additional required soil, calculation of construction cost, and design change. It is possible to do

The computer 80 may also analyze the measured image to calculate the ratio of earth and sand and not yet weathered mass.

For example, in the measurement images, the soil is mostly made up of small dots, and in the case of rock, it is implemented in large chunks of images. . Currently, a technique for distinguishing blast rock mass by image analysis has been developed and used. Therefore, it is possible to easily analyze the distribution of soil and rock mass.

When the ratio of soil and rock mass is calculated as described above, and the average specific gravity of the soil and mass loaded in the stacking box 6 is calculated using the soil volume and weight, the actual soil volume of the site is converted from the soil conversion factor provided by the standard product. It is possible to calculate the volume conversion coefficient close to the coefficient.

For example, it loads the soil conversion coefficient (the soil conversion factor in the loaded state (6) because it is loaded in the loading box (6)) and the soil conversion coefficient (the soil conversion factor in the disturbed state) provided from the standard product (6). The soil conversion factor is calculated by averaging the ratio of soil to rock loaded in the ground.

When the soil conversion coefficient is calculated as described above, it is possible to obtain the soil conversion coefficient of the value closest to the state of the weathered rock ground in the field.

Therefore, it is possible to make reasonable and effective design changes to the design, work plan, and construction cost by reflecting the volume conversion coefficient calculated at that time (or calculated at regular intervals).

In addition, it is possible to calculate the soil conversion coefficient of the composite ground that can be applied not only to weathered soil / weathered rock but also to other ground having various particle sizes.

One embodiment of the dump truck loading volume and volume conversion coefficient calculation method according to the present invention is capable of automating the entire process from the scanning by the laser scanner 20 to the calculation of the soil volume and the volume conversion coefficient, the photographed image construction site Long-term preservation is also possible with construction records.

By recognizing and analyzing the identification tag 8, it is also possible to analyze the transport volume, transport frequency, transport cycle time and the like of each dump truck according to the identification number contained in each identification tag 8, It is possible to automate the calculation of the total quantity of.

Furthermore, by adding the function of notifying the on-site office of the analyzed matters, it is possible to effectively control the site, to automatically calculate the weight of the load from the load to prevent the damage caused by overload, and to use the Web GIS. In connection with the earthworks construction management system, it is possible to induce the informatization and efficiency of the earthworks construction management.

In the above description of the preferred embodiment of the dump truck loading capacity and volume conversion coefficient calculation method according to the present invention, the present invention is not limited thereto, but various modifications within the scope of the claims and the detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. Can be carried out, and this also belongs to the scope of the present invention.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing an embodiment of a dump truck loading box measuring system according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a block diagram schematically showing an embodiment of a dump truck loading box measuring system according to the present invention.

3 is a flowchart schematically showing an embodiment of a dump truck loading volume calculation method according to the present invention.

4 is a flowchart schematically showing an embodiment of a method for calculating a volume conversion coefficient according to the present invention.

Claims (13)

delete delete delete delete delete delete Detects whether the dump truck is approaching, The identification reader recognizes and reads the identification tag installed in the dump truck to transmit the read signal to the computer. Scans the soil in various directions from the dump truck loading box using a plurality of laser scanners installed at the point where the dump truck passes. The weight of the dump truck is measured using a weighing machine, Retrieve the specifications of the dump truck's loading box recognized from the identification tag attached to the dump truck from the database, The reference point of the measured image obtained from the laser scanner and the base image loaded from the computer are matched with each other, and then the loose difference is calculated by analyzing the shape difference between the base image and the measured image. Subtract the basic weight of the dump truck loaded from the database from the weight measured by the weighing machine in the computer to calculate the weight of the soil loaded in the loading box, and convert it to the soil volume of the original ground, A method for calculating a soil conversion factor, comprising calculating a soil conversion factor of loose soil using a computer-generated loose soil and ground soil. The method of claim 7, The laser scanner is composed of four biaxial laser scanner, And an image scanned by the four laser scanners configured as two axes is synthesized into a single image on a computer and stored as a measurement image with a minimum shadow area. The method according to claim 8, The identification tag is a method for calculating the coefficient of conversion using the active RFID (RF ID). The method according to claim 9, A detection method of the soil conversion coefficient is carried out through the identification reader consisting of a sensor or an RF receiver receiver. The method according to claim 9, The specification stored in the storage device of the computer is a soil conversion factor calculation method including the base image and reference point for the stack, information about the width, height, height and volume of the stack, and the weight of the dump truck including the stack. The method of claim 11, In the process of matching the reference point of the base image and the measurement image, the base image and the measurement image are superimposed and synthesized, and then one of the reference points of the base image and one of the reference points of the corresponding measurement image are matched with each other. And a method of calculating a volume conversion factor for enlarging or reducing the measured image to coincide with another reference point of the measured image corresponding thereto. The method according to claim 9, The computer analyzes the measured image to calculate the ratio of earth and sand that is not yet weathered, A soil conversion factor calculation method for calculating a soil conversion factor by weighting the ratio of the soil and rock mass.

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