KR101042624B1 - Wastefood composting method and apparatus without wastewater treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Wastewater-free food waste composting apparatus and method are provided to effectively use leachate for producing compost, and to remove a separate wastewater processing facility. CONSTITUTION: A wastewater-free food waste composting apparatus comprises the following: an input hopper(100) supplying food waste into a screening crusher(200); the screening crusher finely crushing the food waste, and removing foreign materiel; a humidity adjusting agent input hopper(300) supplying a humidity adjusting agent to a mixer(400); the mixer mixing the crushed food waste and the humidity adjusting agent into a mixture; a leachate transferring pump(500) supplying leachate generated from the input hopper to the screening crusher or the mixer; and a fermentor(600) fermenting the mixture.

Description

Waste food composting method and apparatus without wastewater treatment}

The present invention relates to a food waste composting apparatus and method, and more particularly, to a small city with low amount of generated food waste, and to a wastewater treatment waste composting apparatus and method that does not require a separate wastewater treatment facility. It is about.

In Korea, food wastes generated in each city are treated by landfill or incineration at each municipality, used as feed or compost through fermentation, and reacted by adding a mixture of organic acid and saccharide catalyst to food waste. The treatment of food waste by adding alkali metal hydroxide to the decomposed product is carried out in various ways, such as a method of treating food waste, which further includes a physicochemical or biological treatment of the liquefied organic matter.

However, in the case of landfills, a large amount of leachate generated from food waste is generated, the soil is greatly polluted, ground subsidence occurs frequently, and there is a limit in the situation where the landfill is absolutely insufficient. In the case of incineration, the food waste is very polluted, so it requires a lot of energy when incinerated and toxic gases may be generated, which is not good for the environment. Therefore, it is also difficult to secure landfill sites as residents are opposed to the installation of landfill sites, which are polluting facilities, in a situation where regionalism is spreading.

Therefore, the most appropriate method is to compost and recycle organic food waste.

Accordingly, each municipality has set up a food waste treatment plant in which a food waste disposal facility has been introduced to compost and recycle food waste.

However, the problem is that these facilities can be operated efficiently only by processing more than 100 tons of waste per day, but it is not suitable because the amount of food waste generated in a small local government is small. For example, the average amount of food waste collected in the county area is around 20 tons per day, 60 to 70 tons per hour in the municipal unit, and only 15 tons per day are collected in the same area as Gyeryong. (NIMBY) I have always been concerned about minimizing phenomena and reducing and adjusting facilities economically to make it suitable for the municipal economy.

On the other hand, it is advisable to install and operate a treatment facility jointly with neighboring local governments. However, since these facilities are hateful facilities, it is not even possible to operate them unreasonably. Similarly, food waste is being disposed of by reclamation or incineration.

3 is a block diagram showing the food waste composting device as described above, the food waste injecting hopper 10, the sorting crusher 20, the dehydrator 30, the mixer 40, the moisture control material input hopper 50, It is configured to include a fermenter 60, a water treatment facility 70, sewage end treatment plant (80).

The food waste composting device removes water from the food waste in order to keep the mixture of the food waste and the moisture control material at a moisture content of 55% to 60% that can be composted in the fermenter 60 while using less moisture control material. After the dehydrator 30 is installed and a large amount of desorption water generated therefrom is treated through a separate water treatment facility 70 and then sent to the sewage treatment plant 80 for final treatment.

Therefore, in addition to the dehydrator 30, a comprehensive wastewater treatment facility for storing and treating dewatering water generated in the process of dehydrating food waste is required. Due to the high cost, the cost burden is further increased in small local governments.

Applicant operates the wasteless composting facility that does not require a separate wastewater (dewatering) treatment facility. And operating costs), the company hoped to develop a wasteless food waste composting device with the confidence that it would be very economical by saving 20-30% annually.

In addition, the present applicant is a fermenter capable of treating a mixture of 65% to 68% in the conventional compostable treatment of 55% to 60% of the mixture treatment technology to reduce the dose of the moisture control material (Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0453284 (H) has led to the invention of a food waste composting apparatus and method that can be operated by a small local government with a low amount of food waste without large burden such as facility and operation costs.

An object of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art is to provide an apparatus and method for wastewater food waste composting that can be efficiently operated even if the amount of food waste collected is small.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a wastewater treatment waste composting apparatus and method that can be operated at a small site and a small initial investment cost because no wastewater treatment facility due to the generation of dewatering water.

Another object of the present invention is to compost and recycle food waste to produce a profit by selling compost along with waste disposal, or to provide a direct help to farm income by providing free to farms.

Another object of the present invention is to absorb the entire amount of nutrients contained in food waste when used as compost to produce a compost with a variety of nutrients and to prevent pests.

Another object of the present invention is to help crops grow and stick by improving the carbon / nitrogen ratio.

Waste water food waste composting device of the present invention for achieving the object of the present invention, the food waste input hopper for temporarily storing the collected food waste, and supplies a predetermined amount to the sorting crusher; A sorting crusher for finely crushing the food waste supplied from the food waste injecting hopper and selecting and removing the impurities; A moisture control material is stored and a moisture control material input hopper for supplying a predetermined amount to the mixer; A mixer for mixing the food waste supplied from the sorting crusher and the moisture control material supplied from the moisture control material input hopper to produce a mixture; A dewatering water transfer pump for supplying dewatering water generated from the food waste input hopper to the sorting crusher or mixer; It comprises a fermenter for fermenting the mixture produced in the mixer to compost.

Here, the moisture control material supplied to the mixer is characterized in that any one or two or more of the organic swelling material such as sawdust, rice husk, bulging chaff, cut straw, waste paper, wood chips, tree branches, leaf flies.

In addition, the moisture control material supplied to the mixer is characterized in that the mixture is supplied to the mixer so as to maintain the moisture content of 65% to 68%.

In addition, the food waste and the moisture control material supplied to the mixer is characterized in that it is mixed in a mixing ratio of 6: 4 to 7: 3 weight ratio range.

On the other hand, waste water food waste composting method of the present invention for achieving the object of the present invention, the food waste temporary storage step of collecting food waste temporarily stored in the food waste input hopper; A dewatering water transfer step of transferring the dewatering water generated from the food waste input hopper to a sorting crusher or a mixer by using a dewatering water transfer pump; A crushing and sorting step of crushing the food waste finely while receiving the dewatering water from the transfer pump in the sorting crusher, and sorting and removing the impurities; Adding a moisture control material supplied from the hopper to the food waste transferred from the sorting crusher, and adding and mixing the moisture control material to produce a mixture by mixing and stirring the moisture control material and the food waste in the mixer; And a fermentation step of fermenting the mixture produced in the mixer in a fermentor.

Here, the moisture control material supplied to the mixer in the step of mixing and mixing the moisture control material is any one or two or more of the organic swelling material such as sawdust, rice husk, bulging rice hull, chopped straw, waste paper, wood chips, tree branches, leaf flies It is characterized by mixing.

In addition, the moisture control material supplied to the mixer in the step of mixing and mixing the moisture control material, characterized in that the mixture is supplied to the mixer to maintain the moisture content of 65% to 68%.

In addition, the food waste and the moisture control material supplied to the mixer in the step of mixing and mixing the moisture control material is characterized in that the mixing ratio of 6: 4 to 7: 3 by weight.

As described above, the present invention can be operated efficiently even if the collection amount of food waste is small, and it is not necessary to install a dehydration and wastewater treatment facility for dewatering treatment and to install and operate with a narrow site and a small initial investment cost. There are possible advantages.

Second, since the present invention recycles food waste as compost, there is an effect that can directly help farmers income by selling the compost with the effect of waste disposal, or by providing free to the farmers.

Third, the present invention does not treat the desorption water separately, so that it can absorb all the nutrients contained in the food waste, so that it is possible to supply various nutrients, and pre-disease pests by mixing wood vinegar solution and supplying various micronutrients included in the moisture control material. It can be prevented and increases the carbon / nitrogen ratio, which also helps the tree sticking.

Fourth, the present invention is to compost the food waste only by administering the moisture control material without operating the dehydrator, water treatment equipment, etc., thereby reducing the energy consumption.

1 is a block diagram showing a wastewater food waste composting device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
2 is a flow chart showing the process of the wastewater food waste composting method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a food waste composting device according to the prior art.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is a block diagram showing a wastewater food waste composting device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wastewater food waste composting device of the present invention, food waste input hopper 100, sorting shredder 200, moisture control Re-insertion hopper 300, the mixer 400, the dewatering transfer pump 500, fermenter 600 is configured to include.

The food waste input hopper 100 temporarily stores the collected food waste and supplies a predetermined amount to the sorting crusher 200 which will be described later.

Food Waste Collection Food wastes collected by vehicles generally have water content of over 80% due to Korean food habits. Therefore, when the food waste is poured into the waste hopper 100 and left for a predetermined time, a large amount of desorption liquid is generated, and the desorption liquid has a water content of about 90%. Food waste from which moisture (desorption liquid) has escaped to some degree is supplied to the sorting crusher 200 through a transport conveyor.

The sorting crusher 200 finely shreds the food waste supplied from the food waste injecting hopper 100 to a size of 3 cm or less, and selects and removes contaminants. Food waste includes food that is too large to be handled and difficult to handle, and a variety of contaminants, such as animal bones, vinyl, metal, wood, and the like, that cannot be processed in a food waste disposal device. The sorting crusher 200 crushes large pieces of food and removes contaminants.

Moisture control material input hopper 300 is a moisture control material is stored, and supplies a predetermined amount to the mixer 400 to be described later. Moisture control material is a material that swells by absorbing moisture from food wastes with high moisture content. Organic swelling materials such as sawdust, puffed rice husk, chopped rice straw, waste paper, wood chips, etc. can be used. When chaff 49, puffed chaff 96, cut straw 119 or so. Organic swelling materials such as sawdust or chaff can be used.

These moisture control materials are mixed with 100% organic matter extracted from natural plants, wood vinegar solution is helpful in supplying a variety of trace elements and trees. Since food waste has a lot of water content, fermentation as it is, there is a lack of air inside the compost heap, which inhibits the activity of aerobic microorganisms, slows composting, and causes odors due to decomposition by anaerobic microorganisms, and also loses nutrients from compost raw materials.

The initial moisture content suitable for composting is about 60%, so that water droplets do not fall when the compost material is mixed and grasped by hand. Water content is usually controlled by using sawdust, puffed rice husk, or cut straw, and the water absorption rate of each material is about rice husk 49, puffed rice bran 96, and cut rice straw 119 when the sawdust is 100.

Since these moisture regulators have high carbon content and low nitrogen content, they also increase the carbon / nitrogen ratio of food waste having a low carbon / nitrogen ratio. Carbon is an energy source necessary for microbial activity, and nitrogen is a nutrient constituting the microbial body, and this carbon ratio (C / N ratio) must be moderate to enable microorganisms to be active to help fermentation.Optimum C / N for composting The rate is around 35.

If you put 50 tons of food waste, the amount of contaminants is about 5 tons, except that the actual food waste is 45 tons (85% moisture content, dehydrated water content) .The input of sawdust or wood chips (20% moisture) is It is computed from the following formula.

(Calculation of sawdust input when water content is adjusted to 70% by mixing food waste with sawdust or wood chips)

Equation 1

 45 tons of food waste × 0.85 + X sawdust × 0.2 = (45 + X) tons × 0.7

At this time, that is, the amount of sawdust is 13.5 tons, the amount of sawdust required when applying the absorption efficiency of sawdust to 80% is 16.875 tons. When the weight of sawdust is converted into volume, 56.25㎥ is needed to convert 1㎥ to 0.3 ton.

When sawdust is added, sawdust is added about 35% by weight, and when food waste is converted into a non-wastewater treatment system, 30-40% of the operating cost is expected to be used to purchase moisture control materials (sawdust, etc.). Even in view of the cost (installation and operation costs) required for wastewater treatment, the present invention is economical. In view of the above, it is appropriate to set the ratio of the proper mixing ratio between the food waste and the moisture control material to about 7: 3 or 6: 4 weight ratio.

Since sawdust is composed of hardly degradable materials that are difficult to biodegrade, there is a problem in that the long-term maturity is prolonged since it is not decomposed even after a long composting period. Because they contain growth inhibitory substances in crops, these decompositions require a long time, have a wider facility area, and affect compost production costs. Therefore, development of alternative moisture control materials can be minimized. need.

In addition, since wastewater generated in the composting process of food waste contains high organic matter concentrations and low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, when discharged directly to the sewage treatment plant, there is a problem that the sewage treatment plant is overloaded. By mixing and fermenting moisture control materials such as this, the fermentation period can be shortened and the productivity of compost can be increased. In case of using sawdust, fermentation starts after 8 days without reaching the optimum temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 7 days after the input.

In the present invention, the food waste is not dehydrated, and the desorption water generated in the food waste input hopper 100 is also used for compost production without being treated through a separate water treatment facility, so that waste water does not occur.

And in the present invention, along with the sawdust or wood chips, soybean meal, ethanol, rice bran, chaff and other plant residues of the food factory may be further mixed, such as branches and bark generated during maintenance of parks, roadside trees, etc. May be mixed by crushing.

The mixer 400 mixes the food waste supplied from the sorting crusher 200 and the moisture control material supplied from the moisture control material input hopper 300. At this time, the moisture control material to be supplied should be sufficiently supplied so that the moisture content of the mixture is maintained at 65% to 68%.

The dewatering water transfer pump 500 supplies the dewatering water generated in the food waste input hopper 100 to the sorting crusher 200 or the mixer 400. As described above, since most of the food waste put into the trash inflow hopper 100 is water, it is difficult to transfer to the sorting crusher 200 using a conveyor, and thus it is necessary to remove the desorption water from the food waste. The removal (separation) of the dewatering water from the food waste is naturally gravity separated during the temporary storage in the food waste input hopper 100. The desorbed water generated at this time is directly supplied to the sorting crusher 200 or the mixer 400 by using the desorbed water transfer pump 500. In this embodiment, the dewatering water is configured to be supplied to the sorting crusher 200, but may be configured to be directly supplied to the mixer 400.

The fermentor 600 is a device for fermenting the mixture of the mixer 400 to compost, using a high speed compost fermenter (see Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0453284) that can compost the mixture of 65% to 68% moisture content Just do it.

With the waste-free food waste composting device according to the present invention configured as described above, the process of composting food waste is as follows.

As described above, the food waste collected by the food waste collection vehicle is directly put into the food waste input hopper 100 and temporarily stored.

The desorption water generated during storage is prepared to be supplied to the sorting crusher 200 or the mixer 400 by the dewatering water transfer pump 500. In this embodiment, the desorbed water is supplied to the sorting crusher 200 as shown in FIG. 1. It is made up.

The food waste from which the dewatering water has been partially removed is introduced into the sorting crusher 200 through the conveyor, and the dewatering water is also put together through a separate pipe, and undergoes the process of screening the contaminants and the coarse food waste.

Through this process, the food waste is supplied to the mixer 400 by the food waste transport pump 201. In the mixer 400, the moisture control material is supplied from the moisture control material hopper 300 to be mixed with the food waste to produce a mixture of 65% to 68% moisture content.

The produced mixture is transferred to the fermentor 600 is recycled to the compost through the fermentation process.

2 is a flow chart illustrating the process as described above, according to the present invention, the method for treating wastewater-free food waste according to the present invention, food waste temporary storage step (S1), dewatering water transfer step (S2), crushing and sorting step (S3), moisture control material input and mixing and stirring step (S4), including the fermentation step (S5).

The food waste temporary storage step (S1) is a step of collecting food waste collected by the food waste collection vehicle and temporarily storing the food waste in the input hopper 100, wherein desorption water is generated.

Desorption water transfer step (S2) is a step of transferring the desorption water generated in the waste injecting hopper 100 to the sorting crusher 200 or mixer 400 using the dewatering water transfer pump 500, the food waste temporary storage The desorption water generated in step S1 is combined with the food waste again.

Shredding and sorting step (S3) is a step of crushing the food waste finely while receiving the desorption water from the transfer pump 500 in the sorting crusher 200, and sorts and removes contaminants.

In the moisture control material input and mixing stirring step (S4), the moisture control material supplied from the moisture control material input hopper 300 is added to the food waste transferred from the sorting crusher 200, and the water control material and the food waste mixer 400. As a step of mixing and stirring in), the raw material of the compost is completed only after this step.

Fermentation step (S5) is a step of fermenting the mixture of the mixer 400 in the fermentor 600 to compost.

As described above, the wastewater food waste composting apparatus according to the present invention, unlike the conventional food waste processing apparatus, does not provide a facility for treating wastewater (dewater) generated in the process of processing food waste, and It uses a lot of energy such as dehydrator or hot air blower to lower the water content and does not install expensive drying equipment, which reduces the required site area and costs the initial equipment investment.

Of course, the amount of sawdust or chaff used as a moisture control material increases compared to the amount of food waste, which is not uneconomical.However, the small-scale facility requires less manpower and can increase the operation rate, resulting in lower overall costs. do.

In addition, it can be said to be effective because it can produce a compost can be profitable. Applicants have estimated that the wastewater food waste composting apparatus of the present invention, 20 tons of collected food waste having 83% water content, the sawdust (water content 20%) is about 8 tons, but fermentation If produced through composting process, it can get about 10 tons.

It is to be understood that the above description is merely illustrative of one embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the shape and structure of each component specifically shown in the embodiments of the present invention can be modified and implemented.

The wastewater food waste composting apparatus and method of the present invention enable food waste to be recycled as compost, and can be effectively used in small municipalities.

100 Food Waste Input Hopper 200 Sorting Crusher
201 Food Waste Transfer Pump 300 Moisture Control Input Hopper
400 Mixer 500 Tally Water Transfer Pump
600 fermenter
S1 Temporary Storage of Food Waste S2 Dewatering Step
S3 crushing and screening steps
S4 moisture control material input and mixing stirring step
S5 fermentation stage

Claims (8)

A food waste input hopper 100 for temporarily storing the collected food waste and supplying a predetermined amount to the sorting crusher 200;
A sorting crusher 200 for finely crushing the food waste supplied from the food waste injecting hopper 100 and selecting and removing contaminants;
A moisture control material is stored and a moisture control material input hopper 300 for supplying a predetermined amount to the mixer 400;
A mixer 400 for mixing the food waste supplied from the sorting crusher 200 and the moisture control material supplied from the moisture control material input hopper 300 to produce a mixture;
A dewatering water transfer pump 500 for supplying dewatering water generated from the food waste input hopper 100 to the sorting crusher 200 or the mixer 400;
Fermenter 600 to fertilize the mixture produced in the mixer 400 to compost;
Including,
The moisture control material supplied to the mixer 400 is mixed with any one or two or more of the organic swelling material such as sawdust, rice husk, bulging chaff, cut straw, waste paper, wood chips, tree branches, leaf flies, soybean meal, alcohol marinated rice, rice bran One thing,
The moisture control material supplied to the mixer 400, the mixture is supplied to the mixer 400 to maintain the moisture content of 65% to 68%, the fermentor 600 is composted the mixture of water content of 65% to 68% A wastewater food waste composting device, characterized by using a high speed compost fermenter.
delete delete The method of claim 1,
Waste food waste food composting device, characterized in that the food waste and moisture control material supplied to the mixer 400 is mixed in a mixing ratio of 6: 4 to 7: 3 by weight.
A food waste temporary storage step (S1) of collecting food waste and temporarily storing it in the food waste injecting hopper 100;
Desorption water transfer step (S2) for transferring the desorption water generated in the food waste input hopper 100 to the sorting crusher 200 or mixer 400 using the desorption water transfer pump 500;
The crushing and sorting step (S3) of finely crushing the food waste while receiving the desorption water from the transfer pump 500 in the sorting crusher 200, and sorting and removing the impurities;
Adding a moisture control material to the food waste transported from the sorting crusher 200 The moisture control material supplied from the hopper 300 and mixed with the moisture control material and food waste in the mixer 400 to produce a mixture of moisture control material Dosing and mixing stirring step (S4);
Fermentation step (S5) for fertilizing the mixture produced in the mixer 400 in the fermentor 600;
Including,
In the moisture control material input and mixing step (S4), the moisture control material supplied to the mixer 400 is sawdust, rice husk, bulging chaff, cut rice straw, waste paper, wood chips, tree branches, leaf flies, soybean meal, alcoholic beverage, rice bran Mixing any one or two or more of an organic swelling material such as
The fermenter 600 is a composting method of wastewater food waste composting, characterized in that using a high-speed compost fermenter capable of composting the mixture of water content 65% to 68%.
delete The method of claim 5, wherein
In the moisture control material input and mixing stirring step (S4), the moisture control material supplied to the mixer 400, waste water, characterized in that the mixture is supplied to the mixer 400 to maintain the moisture content 65% to 68% How to compost food waste.
The method of claim 5, wherein
In the step of adding and mixing the moisture control material (S4), the food waste and the moisture control material supplied to the mixer 400 is mixed in a mixing ratio of 6: 4 to 7: 3 by weight ratio composting wastewater-free food waste composting Way.

Images