KR100787606B1 - screen structure for rear projection-type and multi-display apparatus for rear projection-type using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rear-projection multiple imaging device and a screen structure used therein. The present invention relates to a rear-projection type projector that can cover all fields of view of an observer (4) in applications such as virtual reality and computer controlled steering simulation. By creating a three-dimensional large spherical image using a polyhedral and polyhedral screen, it provides observers 4 with vivid and realistic visual information that can be immersed in the virtual environment provided by the computer in applications such as virtual simulation. can do.

Rear projection screen, polyhedron structure, spherical image

Description

Screen structure for rear projection-type and multi-display apparatus for rear projection-type using the same}

1 is a structural diagram of rear projection of a projector on each screen by connecting conventional square screen pieces to a cube;

2 is a structure diagram of projecting the projector on the back of each screen by connecting the screen pieces of the regular pentagon and the hexagon of the screen structure used in the present invention in the form of a soccer ball,

3 is a structural diagram showing a part of a screen structure in the form of a soccer ball of FIG.

4 is a structural diagram of rear projection of the projector on each screen by connecting rectangular screen pieces of the screen structure used in the present invention in the form of deltoidal hexecontahedron;

5 is a structural diagram of rear projection of the projector on each screen by connecting pentagonal screen fragments in the form of pentagonal hexecontahedron among the screen structures used in the present invention;

In Figure 6 (a) is a comparison of the square screen pieces and 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen pieces, (b) is a comparison of the square screen pieces and 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen pieces, (c) is a regular screen Fig. 4 shows a comparison between the pieces and 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen pieces, and (d) shows the comparison of the rectangular screen pieces used in the deltoidal hexecontahedron as shown in Fig. 4 with the 4: 3 ratio rectangle screen pieces. Comparison of pentagonal screen pieces and 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen pieces used in the same pentagonal hexecontahedron,

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a projector projecting a beam onto a screen and a skirt 9 in a projector for rear-projection multiple imaging according to the present invention.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: Projector 2: Projection beam exiting the projector

3: square screen piece 4: observer

5: regular hexagonal screen engraving 6: regular hexagonal screen engraving

7: square screen piece used for deltoidal hexecontahedron

8: rectangular screen pieces used in pentagonal hexecontahedron

9: skirt 10: screen piece

The present invention relates to a rear projection screen structure and a rear projection type multi-image apparatus using the same, and more particularly, to have a concave three-dimensional screen structure to cover the entire field of view of the observer, not a planar form, The present invention relates to a multi-imaging device in which rear projection display devices are three-dimensionally arranged to form a large screen on the screen.

In recent imaging devices using projectors, the development of two directions has been important. First is the effort to produce large-scale, high-quality images. When you want to provide a single image to multiple observers, the screen must inevitably be larger. However, two problems occur when the screen is enlarged in the image device using the projector. One is to keep the screen away from the projector in order to enlarge the screen, which reduces the amount of light per unit area projected on the screen, resulting in an overall dark screen. On the other hand, because the projector's resolution is fixed, the larger the screen, the farther the viewing distance should be. If you get close to a big screen, the bold pixels will be distinguished and the screen won't look clear. In order to solve these problems, a method of stacking projectors in a grid form and collecting pieces of images made by each projector to form a large screen is proposed.

Second, to immerse the observer into a virtual simulation environment created by a computer, an effort is made to create a large screen that covers all human vision. Since the human viewing angle exceeds 180 °, it is impossible to achieve its purpose with a flat screen. No matter how wide the planar view is, the viewing angle cannot exceed 180 ° and the distortion between the screen near and far away from the viewer is severe. In the end, it would be better to bend the image around the viewer's point of view to cover the entire field of view.

However, the best way to cover a field of view if you have only one observer is to create a slightly larger screen than goggles, such as goggles, to cover the two eyes, but if you have multiple observers or a pilot simulation in an airplane cockpit, you need a large screen. If a large screen is required, a projector can be used to produce a large screen. At this time, one projector produces a flat image, which makes it difficult to produce a bent image. Therefore, to produce bent images, several projectors must be used. In addition, there are two methods depending on whether the observer's viewpoint is fixed or free when constructing a bent image. In the case of a fixed point of view, an image that covers about 180 ° + α horizontal and 120 ° + α vertical, which is the limit viewing angle of a human, is sufficient. However, when the observer is in the free view, a video image like a sphere covering almost all directions is required.

Both directions require a method of three-dimensional stacking of projectors. However, if the projector is projected toward the screen in front of the screen, that is, at the same position as the observer, the rear projection method will be preferred because there is a problem that prevents the projectors from observing the image on the screen.

The projector is characterized in that the image coming from the projector is rectangular in the form of 4: 3 or 16: 9. Such rectangular images can be easily stacked in a grid to form a large-scale image, but it is difficult to construct a concave-shaped image that is three-dimensionally curved without empty space.

The most common method of constructing a concave image that is three-dimensionally curved is a method of making a cube by connecting six square screen pieces 3 to each other as shown in FIG. 1. It is necessary to cut out a rectangular image from a rectangular 9 image and then project it onto a square screen piece 3. In this cube screen structure, if one or two adults enter the observer 4, the size of the screen is too large and there is a disadvantage that the sharpness of the image falls.

Looking at the US patent (US 5949576), a method of using a three-dimensional lattice structure, such as an igloo that is connected to them by reducing the screen from a rectangular shape to a trapezoid shape in order to construct a three-dimensional image. However, it is possible to cover the field of view of a fixed-point observer only with trapezoidal pieces, but it is not possible to create a three-dimensional structure that can completely cover all fields of view.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to observe the viewer by constructing a screen by introducing a fully spherical polyhedral structure consisting of a variety of polygons to construct a three-dimensional image screen It is to provide an efficient screen structure that can cover all of the field of view.

On the other hand, another object of the present invention is to provide a rear projection multi-imaging device in which the screen is configured to form a spherical three-dimensional structure in order to configure a three-dimensional image screen covering both the fixed point or free view observer's field of view.

On the other hand, another object of the present invention is to reduce the sharpness when the screen is larger than one spherical screen, to provide a multi-projection image of the rear projection method to maintain the sharpness of the spherical screen according to the size of the screen will be.

The screen structure of the rear projection screen structure of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that one of the fully spherical Cube, Truncated icosahedron, Deltoidal hexecontahedron and pentagonal hexecontahedron polyhedron.

On the other hand, the multi-projection apparatus of the rear projection method of the present invention is formed of a spherical three-dimensional structure to cover a plurality of rear projection screen covering the viewer's field of view, and a plurality of projectors for projecting the image on the rear portion of the rear projection screen Include.

In addition, the multi-projection apparatus of the rear projection method further includes a skirt inserted between the screen pieces constituting the rear projection screen to support the screen and to block unnecessary portions of the image projected on the screen.

In addition, the structure of the rear projection screen is characterized by being a polyhedron including a fully spherical Cube, Truncated icosahedron, Deltoidal hexecontahedron, pentagonal hexecontahedron formed by joining flat polygon screen pieces to each other to allow access.

In addition, many projectors have the same polyhedron as Cube, Truncated icosahedron, Deltoidal hexecontahedron, and pentagonal hexecontahedron, in order to project images onto the rear projection screen.

In addition, for the clarity of the image, the rear projection screen in the form of a polyhedron is formed by connecting pieces of flat polygonal screens having the same size as the projected image to be connected to each other, or by dividing one image and projecting it to several projectors.

First, in the rear projection type multi-imaging device according to the present invention, a geometric image arranging method will be described in order to configure a screen for covering all views of an observer.

There is a geometric image arrangement method that can cover the viewer's field of view. However, various geometric image arrangement methods suitable for covering all the viewer's fields of view are not suitable for realizing a spherical three-dimensional screen. Therefore, the criteria for finding a more suitable way to implement a three-dimensional screen in the form of a sphere are as follows.

First, the fewer polygons needed to construct the geometry, the better. For example, the pentagonal hexecontahedron form, which is a pentagonal type rather than the rhombicosidodecahedron, which consists of three types of polygons: triangles, squares, and pentagons, is easier to obtain and construct screen fragments. Secondly, it is better if the geometric shape of the polygon is closer to the 4: 3 or 16: 9 rectangular shape projected from the projector.

As mentioned earlier, rectangles alone do not provide a spherical three-dimensional geometry, so some sacrifice is necessary in the rectangular shape. Since the more parts actually used in the projected images, the more efficient they are. Therefore, a geometric structure of polygons is required that is closer to the shape of the rectangle. Compared with the rectangular shape, the triangular shape has a very low effective area, resulting in a large loss of the projected image. Therefore, many spherical geometries including triangles as constituent polygons are classified as inappropriate.

In consideration of the above criteria, the polygons constituting some polyhedrons are selected by comparing 4: 3 ratio rectangles and effective areas.

[Table-1] Effective area comparison with 4: 3 ratio rectangle

Polyhedron Construct Polygons (Number of Polygons) Effective Area Ratio Cube Square (6) 75% Truncated icosahedron Regular pentagon (12) 42.65% Regular Hexagon (20) 64.95% Deltoidal hexecontahedron Square (60) 56.65% pentagonal hexecontahedron Pentagram (60) 69.26%

In detail, in FIG. 6, (a) compares a square screen piece to a 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen piece, (b) compares a square screen piece to a 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen piece, and (c) Comparing the pentagonal screen fragment and the 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen fragment, (d) compares the rectangular screen fragment used in the deltoidal hexecontahedron as shown in FIG. 4 with the 4: 3 ratio rectangular screen fragment, and (e) When comparing the pentagonal screen pieces used in the pentagonal hexecontahedron as shown in FIG. 5 and the rectangular screen pieces having a 4: 3 ratio, and comparing the effective area ratios shown in Table-1, the effective area ratios of the squares forming the cube are shown in FIG. As can be seen from 6 (a), it has 75% of the effective area in a 4: 3 rectangular shape, which is 75%, which is the highest value compared to other polygons. Truncated icosahedrons, which consist of regular and regular hexagons, are complex in construction, but for regular and hexagonal and 4: 3 rectangular shapes as shown in the regular hexagons of FIG. 6 (b) and the regular hexagons of FIG. 6 (c). The effective area ratio is much higher than that of other polyhedra.

Among the more complex polyhedrons, Deltoidal hexecontahedron and Pentagonal hexecontahedron, which are suitable for the standard for implementing a spherical three-dimensional image, have the effective area ratio of the pentagons constituting the Pentagonal hexecontahedron as shown in FIG. 6 (e). Pentagonal hexecontahedron is more suitable for the spherical screen than Deltoidal hexecontahedron because it is higher than the effective area ratio of the rectangle constituting Deltoidal hexecontahedron.

One more consideration is to increase the sharpness of the image. In general, when the number of polygons constituting a polyhedron into which an observer can enter is small, the sharpness of the polygon image may be reduced. For example, a cube consisting of six polygons requires at least 2m of one side to enter the observer. If you see a 2m wide screen projected by one projector at a distance of 1m, the radius of the cube, The sharpness of is very low. Therefore, in the present invention, each polygonal screen constituting the polyhedron is divided to project the divided surfaces to different projectors in order to increase the sharpness.

Hereinafter, a rear projection multiple imaging apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The most common method of constructing a concave image that is three-dimensionally curved as shown in FIG. 1 is to connect six pieces of square screen pieces 3 to each other to form a cube. The squares that make up this Cube (see Figure 6 (a)) have many advantages and disadvantages. First of all, it has the highest effective area ratio, and the screen and projectors can be arranged in a flat shape on each side, so the actual implementation is easy. However, as a disadvantage, if the size of the rectangular screen pieces is made larger than the limit when constructing the actual screen, as mentioned above, the distance between the center and the edge of the rectangular screen is so great that the screen is severely distorted and the sharpness of the sharpness is reduced. have. This limitation can be improved by dividing the square-shaped screen presented in the present invention into a grid form and projecting an image with a projector on each divided screen.

In the screen structure proposed in the present invention as shown in FIG. 2, the pentagon and hexagon (see FIGS. 6 (b) and (c)) forming a truncated icosahedron (soccer ball shape) have the lowest effective area ratio among the listed polygons and two polygons. Although difficult to demand, it has a very efficient configuration compared to other polyhedrons of similar size.

When the distance to the screen is relatively close at the viewpoint of the observer 4, when it is within about half of the height of an adult male, it is in the form of Cube or Truncated icosahedron (soccer ball shape) as shown in FIGS. Configure the screen. Project the image from one or more (if stereoscopic image) projectors on the back of each piece of polygonal surface constituting the screen. If you select Cube of Fig. 1, the large rectangular screen piece is divided into grids to increase the clarity. In this case, an image is projected by a projector on each divided plane, and is used in a suitable form when one or two observers are present.

When the distance between the screens is relatively far from the viewpoint of the observer 4, when the height is about half or more of the height of an adult male, the screen is configured in the form of Deltoidal hexecontahedron or Pentagonal hexecontahedron as shown in Figs. Also, images are projected from one or more (when a stereoscopic image is implemented) projectors on the back of each fragment polygon surface constituting the screen. If there are several observers, it is used in a suitable form.

4 and 5 show a screen structure configured in the form of Deltoidal hexecontahedron or Pentagonal hexecontahedron, when comparing the effective area ratio of a 4: 3 rectangular image among polyhedrons including a plurality of polygons (see Table-1). The most suitable forms include Deltoidal hexecontahedron (see square in FIG. 6 (d)) and Pentagonal hexecontahedron (see pentagon in FIG. 6 (e)). They have the same number of constituent polygons, but the Pentagonal hexecontahedron is higher than Deltoidal hexecontahedron in terms of the effective area ratio of the polygon. Therefore, the Pentagonal hexecontahedron shown in FIG. 5 is most suitable for constructing a large spherical screen.

As shown in FIG. 7, the rear projection multi-imaging device according to the present invention has a plurality of rear projection screen fragments (5, 6, 7, 8, 10) of various types and rear projection screen fragments as many as the number of rear projection screen fragments. It includes a plurality of projectors 1 for projecting an image on the back of the field and a plurality of skirts 9 for three-dimensionally engaging the screen pieces. As shown in Fig. 7, the skirt 9 is sandwiched between the sides of each screen piece 10 and bonded. The skirt 9 serves to support each screen piece with an opaque material and to block an unused, i.e., invalid part of the image projected onto the screen from each projector.

Therefore, when the observer's viewpoint is free as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 5, the polygons of the plane may be connected to each other to form a completely spherical screen polyhedron completely surrounding the observer 4. Of course, some of the screen pieces must be movable in a form that can be opened and closed for the observer 4 to enter and exit. Unlike the completely spherical screen form, as shown in FIG. 3, when the observer's viewpoint is relatively limited, the screen may be composed of only some surfaces of the polyhedron so as to cover only the front portion facing the observer's viewpoint.

Although the present invention has been described in more detail with reference to some embodiments, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

As described above, the rear projection screen structure according to the present invention and the rear projection multi-imaging device using the projector can cover the entire view of the observer 4 in applications such as virtual reality and computer controlled steering simulation. By using the polyhedral structure with the screen to generate a three-dimensional large spherical image has the effect of providing the observers (4) clear and realistic visual information that can be immersed in the virtual environment provided by the computer.

Claims (9)

In the structure of the rear projection screen, The structure of the screen is characterized in that any one of a square consisting of a cube (Cube), a regular polygon or a regular hexagon (Truncated icosahedron), a rectangular polygon (Deltoidal hexecontahedron) or a pentagonal polyhedron (pentagonal hexecontahedron) Screen structure for rear projection. A rear projection screen formed of completely spherical polyhedrons formed by joining planar polygon screen pieces to each other to cover the entire view of the viewer; And A plurality of projectors each projecting a corresponding image on a rear portion of the rear projection screen Rear projection type multiple imaging device comprising a. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the rear projection multiple image device is And a skirt inserted between the screen pieces constituting the rear projection screen to block support of the screen piece and an invalid portion of the image projected onto the screen piece. Device. The apparatus of claim 2 or 3, wherein the rear projection type multiple imaging apparatus The multi-projection apparatus of the rear projection method, characterized in that to increase the sharpness of the image projected on the rear projection screen by projecting the divided image of one or a plurality of projectors on one of the rear projection screen. delete The method of claim 2 wherein the fully spherical polyhedron is Rear projection characterized in that it has any one of the shape of a square cube (Cube), a regular cube or a regular cube (Truncated icosahedron), a rectangular polygon (Deltoidal hexecontahedron) or a pentagonal polyhedron (pentagonal hexecontahedron) Multi-image device. The method of claim 2, And the fully spherical polyhedral rear projection screen is formed by connecting pieces of flat polygonal screens of the same size as the projected image to each other. The method of claim 2 wherein the fully spherical polyhedron is And a polygon comprising the perfect spherical polyhedron by selecting a rectangle having an effective area from a 4: 3 ratio projected from a projector. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of projectors Any one of the same square as the back-projected screen structure (Cube), pentagonal or regular hexahedron (Truncated icosahedron), rectangular polyhedron (Deltoidal hexecontahedron) or pentagonal (pentagonal hexecontahedron) Rear projection type multiple imaging device, characterized in that configured to have a form.

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