KR100718114B1 - Fuel cell system comprising structure for supplying fuel in vapor phase - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly, a first separator and a buffer solution layer are disposed between a liquid fuel storage layer and an anode of a membrane electrode assembly, so that only fuel in the form of vapor through selective permeation of the first separator is provided. The present invention relates to a fuel cell system in which a buffer solution layer is delivered to a buffer solution layer, wherein a high concentration of fuel is diluted with a low concentration liquid fuel and supplied to the membrane electrode assembly.

Since the fuel cell system of the present invention supplies fuel by a manual supply method, the system is small in size and there is no unnecessary power consumption, thereby increasing system efficiency. In addition, since a pure fuel or a high concentration of an aqueous fuel solution can be diluted to a low concentration, the energy density of the entire system is high, and there is an effect of enabling a compact and compact power supply. In addition, there is an advantage that enables non-directional when used as a portable power source.

Fuel Cell, Methanol, Low Concentration, Buffer, Separation, Steam, Membrane

Description

Fuel cell system comprising structure for supplying fuel in vapor phase

1 is a conceptual diagram showing a main part of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.

2A to 2C are conceptual views illustrating a channel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention formed in a porous medium.

3 is a conceptual diagram showing an uneven structure according to an embodiment of the present invention formed in a porous medium.

Figure 4 is an exploded side cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a side cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.

6 is a side cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.

7 is a side cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a fuel cell system including a current collector plate according to the present invention.

8 is a graph showing performance test results of the fuel cell systems of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: membrane electrode assembly

11: proton conductive film 12a, 12b: current collector

13 anode electrode 14 cathode electrode

20: buffer cartridge 21: buffer layer

22: buffer cartridge lower opening

23: carbon dioxide outlet

30: first separator

40: fuel cartridge 41: fuel storage layer

42: fuel cartridge opening 43: fuel cartridge top cover

50: second separator

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly, to a fuel cell system that can be used as a compact and compact power source due to high system efficiency and small size and high energy density.

A fuel cell is a power generation system that directly converts the chemical reaction energy of hydrogen and oxygen contained in a hydrocarbon-based material such as hydrogen or methanol, ethanol, and natural gas into electrical energy. Fuel cells are classified into phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, polymer electrolyte or alkaline fuel cells, depending on the type of electrolyte used. Each of these fuel cells operates on essentially the same principle, but differs in the type of fuel used, operating temperature, catalyst, and electrolyte.

Among these, recently developed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have superior output characteristics compared to other fuel cells, have a low operating temperature, fast start-up and response characteristics, and are used for mobile power sources such as automobiles. Of course, it has a wide range of applications, such as distributed power supply for homes, public buildings and small power supply for electronic devices.

Among the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) using an aqueous methanol solution as a fuel can be operated at room temperature and can be easily miniaturized and encapsulated. It can be applied as a power supply in various fields such as systems, mobile communication equipment, medical equipment, military equipment, space equipment, portable electronic devices, and the like.

The power produced in the DMFC is determined by the reaction rate occurring at the anode and the cathode. More specifically, in the anode, a molecule of methanol and a molecule of water participate in a reaction in which methanol is oxidized and carbon dioxide and six electrons are generated as shown in Scheme 1 below.

Scheme 1

_{CH 3 OH + H 2 O →} CO 2 + 6H + + 6e -

Since the stoichiometric ratio of methanol and water is 1: 1 in the anode reaction of Scheme 1, it is important to maintain the feed of the reactants at an appropriate ratio in order for the Scheme 1 to continuously occur at the anode. In fact, more water is supplied than the stoichiometric ratio (1: 1), which is for complete oxidation of methanol. If the methanol is not completely oxidized, a reaction such as the following Scheme 2 or 3 occurs to reduce the efficiency of power generation.

Scheme 2

_{CH 3 OH + H 2 O →} HCOOH + 4H + + 4e -

Scheme 3

^{_{CH 3 OH → HCHO + 2H +}} + 2e -

The method of supplying fuel to the DMFC can be largely divided into an active supply method and a passive supply method. In the active supply method, there is an external supply means for pumping fuel, and the passive supply method is a method in which fuel is voluntarily supplied without the above-mentioned transport means.

The active supply method is a method in which pure methanol or a high concentration of methanol is supplied to a recirculation loop in which water generated by reaction at the cathode is collected and supplied to the anode to maintain the concentration of the reaction fluid supplied to the anode properly. . This method has the advantage of increasing the energy density of the entire system by using a methanol cartridge, but the system is complicated and requires a lot of additional equipment, which makes it bulky and consumes energy for the operation of an external supply means. There is a disadvantage that loss occurs. In particular, the recent trend to follow the miniaturization flow of the device requires miniaturization of the power supply, but the active supply method has a disadvantage that does not fit this trend.

On the other hand, the manual feeding method achieves the same purpose through the selection of a suitable material or the design of a suitable structure, the simplicity of the system is the biggest advantage. However, there is a disadvantage in that the fuel cartridge is bulky because the fuel cartridge must include not only methanol but also water required for the reaction.

US Patent Publication No. 2004-209136 has attempted to solve the above problems by supplying water generated at the cathode to the anode by a manual method. That is, a system is disclosed in which a hydrophobic pore layer is formed on the cathode side of a membrane electrode assembly such that water generated on the cathode side is delivered to the anode side by its hydrostatic pressure.

However, in such a system, there is a high possibility of damaging the unit cell composed of several layers due to the hydrostatic pressure, and there is room for improvement in this part because there is no mention about the stable supply and dilution of the fuel methanol. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in an effort to provide a fuel cell system that can be used as a compact and compact power source due to high system density and high energy density.

The present invention to achieve the above technical problem,

(a) a membrane electrode assembly comprising a cathode, a proton conductive membrane and an anode;

(b) a buffer solution layer in which the anode and the liquid water and fuel vapor coexist in the anode;

(c) a first separator in contact with the buffer solution layer;

(d) A fuel cell system comprising a fuel storage layer in contact with the first separator.

The buffer solution layer is preferably mixed with liquid water and fuel vapor generated from the cathode to be adjusted to a predetermined methanol concentration. The methanol concentration is preferably to be adjusted according to the required output.

The buffer solution layer is preferably spaced apart from the first separator. In addition, the first separator is preferably spaced apart from the fuel storage layer.

The buffer solution layer preferably comprises a porous medium and a buffer solution uniformly distributed in the porous medium.

In particular, the pore distribution of the porous medium is more preferably bimodal. It is even more preferred that one of the deviations of the pore distribution of the porous medium is located between 1 nm and 10 μm and the other is between 10 μm and 10 mm.

The porous medium is preferably hydrophilic.

The pore diameter of the first separator is preferably 0.001 μm to 50 μm, and the thickness of the first separator is preferably 1 μm to 500 μm. In addition, the first separation membrane is preferably spaced apart from the buffer solution layer.

Preferably, the first separator is made of a material that passes methanol in a vapor form better than water, and the diffusion coefficient of methanol for the first separator is three times or more than the diffusion coefficient of water for the first separator. . In addition, it is also possible to apply a laminated film obtained by combining two or more membranes having different porosity, pore size or gas permeability as a first separator, and to separate individual films of the laminated film.

The fuel is preferably methanol. At this time, the methanol concentration of the buffer layer is preferably 0.5 to 5 M.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described the present invention in more detail.

The fuel supply system of the present invention includes a membrane electrode assembly 10, a buffer solution layer 21, a first separator 30, and a fuel storage layer 41 (see FIG. 1). The buffer solution layer 21 interviews the anode of the membrane electrode assembly 10, the first separator 30 interviews the buffer solution layer 21, and the fuel storage layer 41. Interviews the first separator 30.

The fuel initially exists in a liquid state in the fuel storage layer 41 and then vaporizes as the system is operated to reach the first separator 30 through diffusion. More preferably, the fuel storage layer 41 is physically spaced apart from the first separation membrane 30. The fuel storage layer 41 passes through the first separation membrane 30 in a liquid state to the buffer solution layer 21. To prevent that.

That is, the liquid fuel of the fuel storage layer 41 passes through the first separation membrane 30 in a vapor state and is delivered to the buffer solution layer 21.

If the fuel is delivered to the buffer layer 21 in a liquid state, too much is delivered at a time, thus leaving the object of the present invention to supply fuel to the membrane electrode assembly 10 at a low concentration. .

The fuel storage layer 41 may itself be a liquid fuel having a free surface, and the liquid fuel may be uniformly distributed in the porous medium, but is not limited thereto. When the fuel in the liquid state is uniformly distributed in the porous medium, there is an advantage that it is possible to supply a stable fuel irrespective of the direction of the entire system.

In addition, the fuel storage layer 41 is preferably housed in the fuel cartridge 40 so as to be convenient in handling. At this time, the upper portion of the fuel cartridge 40 is interviewed with the first separation membrane 30, it is preferable to form an opening 42 to pass the vaporized fuel.

More preferably, a liquid delivery medium may be further included between the fuel cartridge 40 and the first separator 30. The liquid delivery medium may be any material having a property of delivering a liquid particularly better than gas, and is not particularly limited. The liquid delivery medium may be molded into a thin film.

The fuel storage layer 41 preferably has a porous member in the form of a foam, for example, so that the liquid fuel can be supported irrespective of the direction. In this case, the fuel is not particularly limited, and the anode Anything that can react with water to produce electrons and protons is possible. Non-limiting examples of such fuels include hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, or other hydrocarbon materials, or mixtures thereof, and aqueous solutions thereof. When the fuel cell system of the present invention is DMFC, it may be pure methanol or a high concentration of aqueous methanol solution. A high concentration of aqueous methanol solution means an aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 5 M or more.

The first separation membrane 30 serves to transfer the vapor of the fuel reached and diffused to the buffer solution layer 21 and to block water of the buffer solution layer 21 to be described later from being transferred to the fuel storage layer 41. do. The material of the first separation membrane 30 is not particularly limited, and may be any material that allows fuel to pass better than water, preferably a material that passes fuel well but does not pass water well, and is particularly microporous. ) Material is suitable. More preferably, the diffusion coefficient of methanol in the first separation membrane 30 is three times or more than the diffusion coefficient of water in the first separation membrane 30. When the diffusion coefficient of methanol to the first separation membrane 30 is less than three times the diffusion coefficient of water to the first separation membrane 30, it is not preferable because water and methanol do not pass selectively selectively.

Suitable materials for the first separation membrane 30 include, for example, various porous membranes utilizing Nafion 112, 115, 117 or teflon, but are not limited thereto.

The pore diameter of the first separation membrane 30 is preferably 0.001 μm to 50 μm. The first separation membrane 30 is more preferably the distribution of pore diameter is bimodal. At this time, one of the two tablets is located between 0.001 μm and 0.05 μm, the other is between 1 μm and 50 μm, and a membrane having a pore diameter of 0.001 μm to 0.05 μm and a membrane having 1 μm to 50 μm are combined. It is more preferable to have a layered structure.

If the pore diameter of the first separation membrane 30 is smaller than 0.001 μm, the fuel may not pass well. If the pore diameter of the first separation membrane 30 is larger than 50 μm, the transfer efficiency of the high concentration fuel may be faster, resulting in poor electrode efficiency. In addition, it is difficult to maintain the fuel concentration of the buffer solution layer 21 at a low concentration because it passes not only fuel but also water.

The thickness of the first separator 30 is preferably 1 to 500 μm. When the thickness of the first separator 30 is thinner than 1 μm, the fuel cell system is difficult to handle, and when the thickness of the first separator 30 is thicker than 500 μm, fuel is not delivered smoothly. There is a disadvantage that the performance of the.

As described above, the first separator 30 may be spaced apart from the buffer solution layer 21 to be interviewed. The reason why it is preferable to space the first separator 30 from the buffer layer 21 is that water in the buffer layer 21 passes through the first separator 30 in a liquid state to the fuel storage layer 41. This is because it prevents delivery. If the water is delivered to the fuel storage layer 41 in a liquid state, the concentration of the fuel may be diluted and the balance of the fuel supply may be unstable, thereby causing the entire system to become unstable.

In general, methanol used as fuel in DMFC is not supplied to the membrane electrode assembly at a high concentration, but is supplied at a low concentration. The reason for this is that water prevents the adsorption of trace amounts of carbon monoxide generated during the oxidation of methanol to the catalyst of the electrode, because when the high concentration of methanol is supplied, the amount of water that plays the above role is small and the catalyst is quickly poisoned. . In addition, when a high concentration of methanol is supplied, unreacted methanol crosses over to reduce the efficiency of the entire battery and also poison the cathode catalyst.

For the same reason as above, the buffer solution layer 21 is provided to supply a low concentration of fuel aqueous solution. The buffer solution layer 21 converts the fuel vapor flowing into the gas phase through the first separator 30 into a liquid phase and converts the fuel vapor into a low concentration fuel mixture.

The fuel vapor introduced into the gaseous phase may be condensed into the liquid by colliding with the liquid surface of the buffer layer 21 present in the liquid phase. That is, the buffer solution layer 21 is a liquid vapor generated from the gas phase fuel vapor and the cathode.

The buffer layer 21 may be initially pure water or a low concentration fuel mixture. In the case of initially using pure water, it takes a relatively long time for the delivered fuel to diffuse and be supplied to the membrane electrode assembly 10. Therefore, it is preferable to use a low concentration of fuel mixture rather than initially using pure water. desirable.

The buffer layer 21 may be a liquid state having a free surface by itself, and preferably, an aqueous liquid fuel solution is uniformly distributed in a porous medium, but is not limited thereto. When the fuel aqueous solution is uniformly distributed in the porous medium, it is preferable because there is an advantage that the stable fuel supply is possible regardless of the direction of the entire system.

In addition, the buffer solution layer 21 is preferable because it is convenient to store and use the buffer solution cartridge 20. At this time, the upper portion of the buffer solution cartridge 20 is preferably fully opened so that the buffer layer 21 accommodated therein can be sufficiently interviewed with the anode of the membrane electrode assembly 10, the buffer solution cartridge 20 In the lower part of the), it is preferable to form the opening part 22 so that the fuel passing through the first separation membrane 30 can be smoothly transferred to the buffer solution layer. In addition, it is preferable to form a carbon dioxide outlet 23 so that carbon dioxide generated in the reaction occurring at the anode can be smoothly discharged.

The porous medium is preferably hydrophilic, and the distribution of pores formed in the porous medium is preferably wide or bimodal. This is because the buffer solution 21 has to perform both a fuel supply role and a carbon dioxide discharge function. Small pores have a strong capillary pressure, which is advantageous for supplying an aqueous fuel solution, while carbon dioxide is uniformly distributed in small pores. This is because the discharge function becomes weak. That is, small pores are mainly responsible for supplying a fuel solution because the capillary pressure is strong, and large pores are responsible for discharging carbon dioxide because the capillary pressure is relatively low. In consideration of this point, it is preferable that one of the two phases in the pore distribution of the porous medium is located between 1 nm and 10 μm, and the other is located between 10 μm and 10 mm.

In addition, the porous medium may be an inorganic oxide material, a polymer material or a composite material thereof.

The inorganic oxide material may be, for example, but not limited to, silica (SiO ₂ ), alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), titania (TiO ₂ ), zirconia (ZrO ₂ ), or a mixture thereof.

The polymer material may be a polymer resin containing a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amine group or a sulfone group at the terminal, a polyvinyl alcohol polymer resin, a cellulose polymer resin, a polyvinylamine polymer resin, a polyethylene oxide polymer resin, a polyethylene glycol polymer resin , Nylon polymer resin, polyacrylic acid polymer resin, polyester polymer resin, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer resin, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, polyethylene polymer resin, polystyrene polymer resin, fluorine polymer resin, polypropylene polymer It may be a resin, polymethyl (meth) acrylate polymer resin, polyimide polymer resin, polyamide polymer resin, polyethylene terephthalate polymer resin, or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto.

The average diameter of the pores of the porous medium may be 0.01 ㎛ to 10 ㎛. If the average diameter of the pores is smaller than 0.01 μm, the diffusion of methanol may not be sufficient, and the desired fuel cell performance may not be obtained. If the average diameter of the pores is larger than 10 μm, the balance between supply and consumption of methanol may be broken.

In particular, the porous medium optionally has a porosity of the porous medium such that the mobility of methanol in the porous medium is from 0.8 × 10 ⁻⁶ g / cm ² · sec to 4 × 10 ⁻⁶ g / cm ² · sec. And tortuosity (tortuosity) may be adjusted. Here, the degree of curvature is an index indicating how flexible the pores can be calculated by dividing the distance that the molecules moving in the pores actually move by the linear distance between the same points. That is, if the degree of curvature is 1, it means a pore of a straight line, and as the degree of curvature is greater than 1, it means a pore that is more flexible.

The thickness of the porous medium may be from 0.01 mm to 10 mm. If the thickness of the porous medium is less than 0.01 mm, the mechanical strength is weak and difficult to handle. If the thickness of the porous medium is more than 10 mm, the volume of the fuel cell system is too large, which is not preferable.

In particular, a channel for discharging carbon dioxide may be formed on a surface of the two surfaces of the porous medium that is in contact with the anode. The channel may have various shapes and structures depending on the size of the fuel cell system and is not particularly limited. The channel may have a shape, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, but is not limited thereto.

In addition, a pattern may be formed on a surface of the porous medium that is in contact with the first separator. The pattern has an effect of increasing the effective surface area to which the fuel flowing from the buffer solution layer can be supplied and shortening the length of the fuel supply path. The pattern may be a concave-convex structure such as an island formed on a surface of the porous medium or a recess formed partially. It may also be of the same structure as shown in FIG. 3, but is not limited thereto.

The working principle of the buffer layer 21 is as follows.

That is, when the methanol concentration in the buffer solution layer 21 is low, the buffer solution layer 21 passes through the first separation membrane 30 than the amount of methanol transferred from the buffer solution layer 21 to the membrane electrode assembly 10. ), The more methanol is supplied, the higher the concentration of methanol. On the contrary, when the methanol concentration in the buffer layer 21 is high, the amount of methanol that is supplied to the buffer layer 21 through the first separator 30 due to the active reaction in the membrane electrode assembly 10 is buffered. Since the amount of methanol transferred from the solution layer 21 to the membrane electrode assembly 10 increases, the concentration of methanol is lowered again. Through such self regulation, the methanol concentration in the buffer layer 21 is maintained at a steady state almost constant. In other words, liquid water and fuel vapor generated from the cathode are mixed and set to a predetermined methanol concentration.

 At this time, the concentration of the fuel in the fuel solution of low concentration is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 M in the steady state. If the concentration of the fuel is less than 0.5 M, the concentration is so low that it takes too long to produce a certain amount of power in the membrane electrode assembly 10 through the self-adjusting process as described above. When the concentration exceeds 5.0 M, the concentration is so high that the performance of the fuel cell system is degraded, and it is beyond the object of the present invention to keep the fuel supplied at a low concentration.

Although the fuel cell may be operated using only water supplied to the buffer layer 21 at first, the amount of water consumed in the reaction of the anode is buffered to maintain a constant concentration of methanol in the buffer layer 21. It is preferable to supply to the solution layer 21. The method of supplying water to the buffer layer 21 is not particularly limited and may be based on techniques known in the art. For example, water generated at the cathode may be collected and recycled to the buffer layer 21 through a water circulation passage outside the electrode, or a hydrophobic film may be formed at the cathode to generate water generated at the cathode. The hydrostatic pressure may be passed through the inside of the electrolyte membrane to diffuse water toward the anode.

It is possible to control the fuel in the buffer layer through the above method, and in particular, it is possible to control to a predetermined methanol concentration using the liquid water generated from the cathode. In addition, it is also possible to adjust the concentration of the fuel by adjusting the amount of water according to the output required by the external load circuit.

The fuel aqueous solution of the buffer solution layer 21 is delivered to the anode of the membrane electrode assembly 10 in close contact and interview by capillary pressure. In this case, a fuel delivery medium may be further included between the buffer solution layer and the anode for smoother and more uniform fuel delivery. The liquid delivery medium may be any material having a property of delivering a liquid particularly better than a gas, and is not particularly limited. The liquid delivery medium may be molded into a thin film.

The membrane electrode assembly 10 includes a proton conductive membrane and a cathode and an anode attached to both sides of the proton conductive membrane. The material, properties, manufacturing methods, etc. of the proton conductive film and the electrodes (cathode and anode) are not particularly limited, and may be any method well known in the art. The fuel aqueous solution delivered from the buffer layer 21 is in contact with the catalyst of the anode to produce power through a chemical reaction as in Scheme 1.

One embodiment of the fuel cell system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. 1 to 7 of the present invention will be understood to be exaggerated in dimensions and the like for a more rapid and clear understanding of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 4, the fuel storage layer 41 may be contained within the fuel cartridge 40.

As shown in FIG. 5, the upper portion of the fuel cartridge 40 may include an upper cover 43 to space the fuel storage layer 41 from the first separator 30. However, at this time, it is preferable that the opening part 42 is formed in the upper cover 43 so that the vaporized fuel can be delivered. The upper cover 43 in which the opening part 42 is formed may be in the form of a hole formed in the flat plate, or may be in the form of a mesh that can be physically spaced apart from each other. The structure that can move to the separation membrane 30 is not particularly limited.

The first separator 30 may be interviewed and attached to a surface on which the opening 42 of the fuel cartridge 40 is formed. In addition, the buffer cartridge 20 may be attached to the other surface of the first separation membrane 30 that is in contact with the fuel cartridge 40.

In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the buffer layer 21 may be accommodated in the buffer cartridge 20. The lower portion of the buffer cartridge 20 serves to separate the buffer layer 21 from the first separator 30. However, at this time, the lower portion preferably has an opening 22 so that fuel passing through the first separation membrane 30 can be delivered. The lower portion of the buffer cartridge 20 in which the opening part 22 is formed may be in the form of a hole formed in the plate, or may be in the form of a mesh that can be physically spaced apart from the first separation membrane 30. The fuel that has passed may be any structure that can move to the buffer solution layer 21 and is not particularly limited.

As shown in FIG. 5, the membrane electrode assembly 10 may be interviewed with the buffer solution layer 21. In particular, the anode of the membrane electrode assembly 10 is interviewed. The cathode side of the membrane electrode assembly 10 may be protected by using a flat plate formed with an opening to allow external air to be supplied.

Each of the layers interviewed with each other as described above can be bound using an appropriate fastening means.

Another embodiment of the fuel cell system of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6.

The configuration of the fuel cartridge 40 and the first separator 30 may be the same as the above embodiment, and the second separator 50 may be additionally separated between the fuel cartridge 40 and the first separator 30. This may be further included. The second separator 50 serves to maintain the shape of the first separator 30 and to control the rate at which fuel is supplied together with the first separator 30.

The material of the second separation membrane 50 is not particularly limited and the pore size is preferably 1 μm to 10 μm. If the pore size of the second separation membrane 50 is smaller than 1 μm, the vaporized fuel does not pass well. If the pore size of the second separation membrane 50 is larger than 10 μm, the rate at which the fuel is supplied It is not possible to adjust the deviation from the purpose of further adding the second separator (50).

The buffer cartridge 20 may be the same as the above embodiment, and may further include an outlet 23 of carbon dioxide.

The carbon dioxide outlet 23 is preferably installed on the side of the buffer cartridge 20, it may be provided in plurality, if necessary, the direction of installation may be installed on only one side or may be installed for several surfaces. . The diameter of the carbon dioxide outlet 23 may be a size suitable for discharging carbon dioxide, which is a gas, without leakage of the buffer solution, which is a liquid. Preferably the diameter of the carbon dioxide outlet 23 is 0.01 to 0.5 mm. If the diameter of the carbon dioxide outlet 23 is smaller than 0.01 mm, it is difficult to process. If the diameter of the carbon dioxide outlet 23 is larger than 0.5 mm, there is a risk of leakage of a buffer solution, which is a liquid.

In the fuel cell system, the current collector may be configured on the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, i.e., in the two surfaces of the electrode, which are not in contact with the proton conductive film, as in the general method. As in the embodiment, a current collector may be configured between the proton conductive film 11 and the cathode electrode 14 and between the proton conductive film 11 and the anode electrode 13. The current collector plays a role of collecting current generated from an electrode and supplying it to an external circuit, and the material is not particularly limited, but a material that is well current and excellent in corrosion resistance is preferable.

The current collector is preferably located between the proton conductive film and the electrode. This is because the proton conductive membrane and the electrode are positioned at the highest concentration of the reactant, so that the electrochemical reaction that generates the current occurs most actively and thus the position where the generated current can be collected most efficiently.

In addition, by utilizing a porous medium and a liquid fuel diffusion portion capable of supporting the liquid fuel of the fuel storage layer 41, a high concentration of methanol liquid is converted into a vapor form and prioritized into a liquid form with the size of the entire electrode before moving to the first separator. It is desirable to allow diffusion.

Hereinafter, the structure and effects of the present invention will be described in more detail with specific examples and comparative examples, but these examples are only intended to more clearly understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

<Example 1>

A porous carrier uniformly distributed with pure methanol was placed in a fuel cartridge and sealed with a top cover. The porous carrier was used as a Foamex ^®, an upper cover was used as a line-type opening portion of a width of 0.8 mm formed of a plurality of acrylic plates.

A second separator having a pore size of 200 nm was placed thereon, and a first separator of Nafion 117 was stacked thereon.

A buffer cartridge containing a buffer solution was stacked thereon. The buffer solution was used in an aqueous methanol solution at a concentration of 1 M. The buffer solution was uniformly distributed in a carbon cloth and placed in the buffer cartridge. The buffer cartridge has a carbon dioxide outlet formed on each of four sides with a diameter of 0.4 mm. In addition, the lower portion of the buffer cartridge formed a plurality of straight openings having a width of 0.8 mm to pass gaseous fuel.

The membrane electrode assembly manufactured by a conventional method known in the art was laminated on the fuel cartridge, the second separator / first separator, and the buffer solution cartridge configured as described above. Nafion 117 was used as a proton conductive membrane of the membrane electrode assembly, a platinum / ruthenium alloy catalyst was used as an anode catalyst, and a platinum / aluminum alloy catalyst was used as a cathode catalyst.

In order to protect the membrane electrode assembly and smoothly supply air on the laminated membrane electrode assembly, the acrylic plate was formed using a plurality of circular openings having a diameter of 5 mm.

The results of measuring the power density over time with respect to the fuel cell manufactured as described above are shown in FIG. 8.

<Example 2>

A fuel cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a methanol solution having a concentration of 3 M was used as a buffer solution.

The results of measuring the power density over time with respect to the fuel cell manufactured as described above are shown in FIG. 8.

<Example 3>

A fuel cell was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Nafion 112 was used as the first separator and a porous membrane using a layer of 45 μm thick Teflon having a water vapor transmission rate of 5500 g / m ² / 24hr was installed in a layered structure. Was prepared.

The results of measuring the power density over time with respect to the fuel cell manufactured as described above are shown in FIG. 8.

Comparative Example

The fuel cell system was configured such that an aqueous methanol solution was in direct contact with the anode of the same membrane electrode assembly as used in Example 1 above.

First, the anode of the membrane electrode assembly is directed upward, and the cathode side is covered using an acrylic plate formed with a large number of circular openings having a diameter of 5 mm to protect the membrane electrode assembly and supply air smoothly. Then, the fuel cartridge containing the aqueous methanol solution of 3M concentration on top of the anode was directly contacted without the top cover was configured to supply the aqueous methanol solution directly to the anode.

The results of measuring the power density over time with respect to the fuel cell manufactured as described above are shown in FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 8, the power density of the comparative example is higher initially, but in the case of the comparative example, the power density not only changes rapidly with time but also less than one hour.

That is, in the early stage of the reaction, since a high concentration of methanol is smoothly supplied and the reaction occurs actively based on this supply, it can be observed that the power density increases with the increase of the temperature of the membrane electrode assembly. However, it was found that the power density rapidly decreased due to poisoning of the catalyst of the membrane electrode assembly, a decrease in the concentration of water required for the anode reaction, and a decrease in efficiency due to methanol crossover.

On the other hand, in the case of Examples 1 to 3, although the initial power density is somewhat lower than the comparative example, it can be seen that a constant power density can be supplied despite the long time use. In the initial stage of the reaction, the temperature of the membrane electrode assembly increased with the reaction, and the reaction rate was gradually increased, thereby increasing the power density. Then, it was found that the exothermic rate caused by the reaction and the cooling rate with the surroundings were balanced, and a constant power density was exhibited as the self regulation in the methanol supply as described above was achieved.

Although described in detail with respect to preferred embodiments of the present invention as described above, those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims Various modifications may be made to the invention. Therefore, changes in the future embodiments of the present invention will not be able to escape the technology of the present invention.

Since the fuel cell system of the present invention supplies fuel by a manual supply method, the system is small in size and there is no unnecessary power consumption, thereby increasing system efficiency. In addition, since a pure fuel or a high concentration of fuel aqueous solution can be used, the energy density of the entire system is high, thereby enabling a small and compact power supply. In addition, by supplying the liquid fuel in the form of steam, the fuel supply is non-directional, which enables practical application as a portable power source.

Claims (36)

(a) a membrane electrode assembly comprising a cathode, a proton conductive membrane and an anode; (b) a buffer solution layer in which the anode and the liquid water and fuel vapor coexist in the anode; (c) a first separator in contact with the buffer solution layer; (d) a fuel cell system comprising a fuel storage layer in contact with the first separator. The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the fuel in the buffer solution layer can be adjusted. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the amount of water in the buffer layer can be adjusted according to a required output. The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the buffer solution layer is spaced apart from the first separator. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the first separator is spaced apart from the fuel storage layer. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the buffer solution layer comprises a porous medium and a buffer solution uniformly distributed in the porous medium. 7. The fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the pore distribution of the porous medium is bimodal. 8. A fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein one of the two ends of the pore distribution of the porous medium is located between 1 nm and 10 m and the other is located between 10 m and 10 mm. 7. The fuel cell system of claim 6, wherein the porous medium is hydrophilic. The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the porous medium is an inorganic oxide material, a polymer material, or a composite material thereof. The fuel cell system of claim 10, wherein the inorganic oxide material is silica (SiO ₂ ), alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ), titania (TiO ₂ ), zirconia (ZrO ₂ ), or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the polymer material is a polymer resin containing a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amine group or a sulfone group at the terminal, polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer resin, cellulose-based polymer resin, polyvinylamine-based polymer resin, polyethylene oxide-based polymer resin , Polyethylene glycol polymer resin, nylon polymer resin, polyacrylic acid polymer resin, polyester polymer resin, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer resin, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, polyethylene polymer resin, polystyrene polymer resin, fluorine polymer Resin, polypropylene polymer resin, polymethyl (meth) acrylate polymer resin, polyimide polymer resin, polyamide polymer resin, polyethylene terephthalate polymer resin, or a mixture thereof . The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 6, wherein an average diameter of pores of the porous medium is 0.01 μm to 10 μm. 7. The porosity and tortuosity of the porous medium is controlled so that the mobility of methanol is 0.8 × 10 ^-6 g / cm ² · sec to 4 × 10 ^-6 g / cm ² · sec. A fuel cell system, characterized in that. 7. A fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the porous medium has a thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm. The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 6, wherein a channel for discharging carbon dioxide is formed on a surface of the porous medium in contact with the anode. 7. The fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein a pattern is formed on a surface of the porous medium which is in contact with the first separator. The buffer layer of claim 1, wherein the buffer solution layer is accommodated in the buffer cartridge, and an upper portion of the buffer solution cartridge is completely opened so that the received buffer solution layer is entirely interviewed with the anode, and a lower portion of the buffer solution cartridge is provided. The fuel cell system characterized in that the interview with the first separator. 19. The fuel cell system of claim 18, further comprising a liquid transfer medium between the buffer layer and the anode. 19. The fuel cell system according to claim 18, wherein a carbon dioxide outlet is formed in the buffer cartridge. 19. The fuel cell system according to claim 18, wherein an opening is formed in a lower portion of the buffer cartridge. The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pore diameter of the first separator is 0.001 μm to 50 μm. 23. The fuel cell system of claim 22, wherein the pore distribution of the first separator is bimodal, one of which is located between 0.001 μm and 0.05 μm and the other is between 1 μm and 50 μm. . The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first separator has a thickness of 1 to 500 μm. The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first separator is made of a material that passes methanol better than water and a gas better than a liquid. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein a diffusion coefficient of methanol for the first separator is three times or more than a diffusion coefficient of water for the first separator. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the first separation membrane is a laminate in which two or more membranes having different porosity and gas permeability are laminated. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the fuel storage layer comprises a porous medium and fuel uniformly distributed in the porous medium. The fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuel storage layer is accommodated in a fuel cartridge, and the fuel cartridge is interviewed with the first separator. 30. The fuel cell system of claim 29, further comprising a liquid transfer medium between the fuel cartridge and the first separator. 30. The fuel cell system according to claim 29, wherein an opening is formed in a surface where the fuel cartridge is in contact with the first separator. The fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a second separator between the first separator and the fuel storage layer. 2. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel is methanol. 34. The fuel cell system according to claim 33, wherein the methanol concentration of the buffer layer is 0.5 to 5 M. 34. The fuel cell system of claim 33, wherein the fuel in the fuel storage layer is pure methanol or a high concentration aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 5 M or more. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising a cathode current collector between the cathode and the proton conductive membrane and an anode current collector between the anode and the proton conductive membrane.

Images