KR100377069B1 - Sunlight Energy Conversion Apparatus, and Air Circulation System - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar energy conversion device is composed of a photoelectric converter made of a non-single crystal semiconductor and means for supplying heat to the photoelectric converter through a fluid heating medium.

Description

Solar Energy Conversion Apparatus, and Air Circulation System

The present invention relates to a solar energy conversion device including a heat collecting plate having a solar cell and a home ventilation system using the same. The invention also relates to a temperature control method of a photoelectric converter.

The Stabler-Wronski effect is a phenomenon in which conversion efficiency decreases over time when a photoelectric converter such as a solar cell using a non-single crystal semiconductor is exposed. Known in the art. In order to control this, it is known to keep the device at high temperature or to heat it.

The present inventors experimented to obtain the results as shown in FIG. 10 shows a situation in which the conversion efficiency changes over time when the solar cell module is maintained at 0 ° C, 20 ° C, 50 ° C and 80 ° C, respectively. As can be seen from this figure, the conversion efficiency is lowered at a low rate when the solar cell is kept heated at a high temperature for a long time.

In addition to these data, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-58799 discloses that photoelectric converters can be prevented from deterioration due to exposure to sunlight by shielding the photoelectric converters with insulation so that the operating environment temperature of the device can be higher than the outdoor temperature. do.

Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 7-120811 discloses that a dark-color mixed color protective film is provided on the back side of a solar cell made of amorphous silicon, whereby the device is kept at a high temperature to prevent deterioration.

However, attempts to rely solely on insulation to maintain temperatures above outdoor temperatures for a long time result in increased costs for insulation. Also, although the ground radiates heat at night, this heat cannot be used to keep the device at a high temperature. The inventors tested the effect of the structure maintained at high temperature using insulation and obtained the results as shown in Table 1. Devices tested with 50 mm thick polystyrene sheets used as thermal insulation and other devices not shielded with thermal insulation were tested to test temperature changes throughout the day. As can be seen from the results, in the case of devices shielded with insulation, the dawn temperature was kept lower than the outdoor temperature. This is presumably due to the fact that the device cannot receive heat radiated from the ground at night. To maintain high temperatures during the day, a large amount of insulation must be used.

The device cannot be maintained at high temperatures even when using a dark-colored protective film.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-48299 discloses a "Passive Solar System House", in which the air heated by solar heat is led indoors through the duct from the space between the roof and the ceiling, and the heat is used for efficient heating. Accumulate in concrete slabs laid underground.

Such ventilation systems are useful because they use recycled energy, but the fans used to circulate the air require the supply of external power.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic energy converter comprising a photoelectric converter made of a non-single crystal semiconductor and an air flow passage provided on the rear surface of the photoelectric converter and having a plurality of selectable intake vents. . Thus, the apparatus is configured to facilitate temperature control of the photoelectric converter. In particular, the device prevents the temperature drop of the transducer and also prevents deterioration caused by sunlight of the transducer.

The present invention also provides an outdoor intake port, an indoor intake port, a valve for selecting these outdoor intake ports or an indoor intake port, a heat collecting plate consisting of an air flow passage, an air outlet port, and a solar cell, and a guide for guiding the air from the air outlet port into the room. A duct, a second duct for discharging air from the air outlet to the outside, a valve for selecting one of the first duct or the second duct, and a fan for flowing air from the air outlet To provide a ventilation system. Thus, a self-operating ventilation system is provided. This ventilation system can prevent the solar cell from being degraded by sunlight and can use the heat of sunlight.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for controlling the temperature of the photoelectric converter, the method comprising: flowing air through an air flow passage provided on the back side of the photoelectric converter made of non-single crystal semiconductor; Provided is a method for temperature control of a photoelectric converter comprising taking air from indoors when the radiation amount is low.

In addition, the present invention is formed by an amorphous photoelectric converter and a space provided on a surface opposite to the light incident surface of the photoelectric converter to provide air with thermal energy of sunlight irradiated to the photoelectric converter and prevents the inflow / outflow of air. There is provided a solar energy conversion device comprising a flow passage having a plurality of selectable inlets and outlets.

The present invention also provides a method of selecting outdoor air or indoor air based on the temperature, outdoor temperature, indoor temperature and solar radiation of the photoelectric converter, and flowing the selected air into the photoelectric converter to control the temperature of the photoelectric converter. It provides a method for controlling the temperature of a photoelectric converter comprising the step of.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a ventilation system according to the present invention;

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views taken along lines 2A-2A and 2B-2B in FIG.

Figure 3a is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention during the summer day.

3b is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention at summer night.

4A is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention during the winter day.

4B is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention at winter night.

5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an automatically controlled ventilation system according to the present invention.

6A and 6B are a perspective view and a cross-sectional view showing a heat collecting plate according to the present invention, respectively.

Figure 7a is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention during the winter day.

Figure 7b is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention at winter night.

8A is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention during the summer daytime.

8B is an explanatory view showing how air is circulated through the ventilation system of the present invention at summer night.

9A is a cross-sectional view of a resin-sealed solar cell according to the present invention.

9b is a sectional view of a photoelectric converter according to the present invention;

10 is a graph showing a temperature relationship for deterioration of a photoelectric converter exposed to sunlight.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

101: outdoor intake

102: indoor air intake

103: air flow passage

104: valve

105: fan

106: Photoelectric Converter

107: air flow outlet

108: glass plate

109: exhaust port

110: indoor air blowing outlet

201: frame material

202: Insulation Material

204: Waterproof Sheet

As a specific means, the present invention basically includes the following (a) and (b).

(a) The solar energy conversion device used as a roofing material is manufactured so that it has high heat resistance with respect to outdoor air, and is interposed between the heat insulating material provided between indoors and a roofing material, and the roofing material conventionally used to comprise a heat insulation structure. More specifically, insulation is usually used on the back of the roofing material, where the photoelectric converter can only be imparted with heat insulation properties by making it highly heat resistant at its light incident surface. By constructing the thermal insulation structure in this manner, the cost of the thermal insulation which has been a problem when the conventional thermal insulation structure is formed can be effectively reduced as a whole system.

(b) The structural material of the solar energy converter described above is provided with an opening and closing controllable hole communicating with a space having a large heat capacity (usually indoors). At night when the temperature of the device drops, the hole remains open so that the device can thermally merge with the warm space to prevent the temperature drop of the photoelectric converter. More specifically, a solar energy conversion device commonly used as a roofing material for a house has a room with a large heat capacity under it and is kept warm at night, and the temperature is lowered more in the presence of the insulation than without the insulation. As a result, deterioration due to exposure to sunlight is accelerated, which corresponds to the low temperature of the device using insulation as reported in the test results shown in Table 1. In the present invention, this problem can be solved and a means for thermally integrating the device with the indoor at night is provided to keep the photoelectric converter at a higher temperature, so that deterioration due to exposure to sunlight can be effectively prevented.

The invention is described below by means of specific examples.

As a first embodiment of the present invention, the most basic configuration to which the apparatus of the present invention is applied to a conventional roofing material will first be described. In this embodiment, the device is intended for installation on a roof. Of course, the device can also be applied to walls.

An overall schematic of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1, and details of the roof layer construction are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

In general, a house having a roof provided with a solar energy conversion device according to the present invention includes an outdoor air intake port 101, an indoor air intake port 102 that takes air from a room, an air flow path 103, and an air flow path. A valve 104 for selecting air to flow, a fan 105 for generating air convection, a photoelectric converter 106, an air flow outlet 107 that takes air from the air flow passages, and insulation for outdoor air It consists of the glass plate 108 which comprises a sieve, the exhaust port 109 which discharge | releases air to the outdoors, the indoor air blowing outlet 110, and the valve 111 which selects the exhaust port 109.

2A and 2B show cross sections along lines 2A-2A and 2B-2B of FIG. The roofing material having the solar energy conversion device of the present invention generally includes a frame member 201, a heat insulating member 202, a frame member 203, a waterproof sheet 204, an air flow passage 103, The photoelectric converter 106, the heat insulation air layer 207, and the glass plate 108 are comprised. For reference, the structure of a conventional metallic roof is shown in FIG. 2B as a cross section along lines 2B-2B, wherein reference numeral 209 denotes a conventional metallic roof made of galvanized steel or the like, and reference numeral 210 is formed when a roof is provided. Indicates a gap.

<Drive method>

3A and 3B show the flow path of air in the present invention when the solar radiation is high in summer. Figure 3a shows the daytime route, Figure 3b shows the nighttime route. In the summer day, the filler and the wiring member may be adversely affected since heat is transferred to the converter, which significantly exceeds the antidegradation effect of the photoelectric converter. Therefore, the outdoor air that enters through the outdoor air inlet 101 provided in the eave flows toward the ridge of the roof through the air flow passage 103 formed between the waterproof plate 204 and the photoelectric converter 106. The air cools the photoelectric converter 106 which becomes hot by sunlight, passes through the fan 105, and is exhausted through the exhaust port 109. This driven system allows the fabrication of a component member that is maintained at a temperature sufficient to prevent degradation due to sunlight while being less adversely affected by heat. In addition, the air layer flowing under the roof functions as a heat insulating material that separates heat of the roofing material from the room, thereby improving the cooling efficiency.

On the other hand, when the amount of solar radiation is low in summer, for example, at night, the valve 104 is switched to the indoor side so that indoor air can flow into the air flow passage 103 through the intake port 102, whereby the photoelectric converter 106 can prevent radiative cooling and also dissipate full heat to the outside of the room.

4A and 4B show the air flow path of the present invention when the solar radiation is high in winter. 4A shows the daytime route and FIG. 4B shows the nighttime route. During the winter day, outdoor air entering through the outdoor air inlet 101 provided in the eave is gradually flowed toward the ridge of the roof through the air flow passage 103 formed between the waterproof plate 204 and the photoelectric converter 106. . In this process, the air cools the photoelectric converter, which is brought to a high temperature by sunlight, and the air is heated to a higher temperature. The heated air is introduced into the indoor via the indoor air blowing outlet 110 by the fan 105 to be used for heating.

Therefore, the indoor temperature can be adjusted by controlling the throttling of the valve 111.

On the other hand, when the amount of solar radiation is small in winter, for example, at night, the valve 104 is switched to the indoor intake port 102 side and the valve 111 is completely switched to the inside side to blow the hot air blown out of the indoor air blower outlet 110. Is circulated indoors, so that hot air of indoors can be used for heating of the photoelectric converter 106, and hot air confined indoors can be refluxed to make efficient use of air heating.

<System with heat storage member>

As a second embodiment of the present invention, a system having a heat storage member will be described below. This embodiment is one example where the present invention is applied to a passive solar system house.

The overall schematic diagram of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 7A, and the details of the heat collecting plate are shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, the system reserves a solar heat collecting area such as air flow passage 103 maintained between the roofing material 501 and the heat insulating material 202 and a space inside the heat collecting plate 502 which functions as a solar energy conversion device. The system also includes an outdoor air intake 101 provided in the eave as an air intake of the air functioning as a heating medium, a duct 506 and a fan 105 for inducing hot air into the interior of the house, and a heat storage concrete 508; In addition, the indoor air blowing outlet 110 for introducing hot air into the indoor, and a valve 104 for selecting the air flowing into the heat collecting plate. The fan 105 is provided with a valve for switching air to flow indoors or outdoors.

6A and 6B are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of a heat collecting plate 502 in which an amorphous photoelectric converter 106 is incorporated. The outer frame 601 of the heat collecting plate 502 is provided with an outdoor intake port 101 'for taking outdoor air into the panel, an indoor intake port 102 for taking air from the inside, and an air flow outlet 107. One side of the outer frame 601 forms a window 604 so that sunlight 605 can be projected. The photoelectric converter 106 is provided in such a way that it can irradiate the projected light and divides the space formed by the outer frame into two parts. The photoelectric converter 106 absorbs sunlight 605 to generate heat, and transfers heat to air on the non-light-receiving surface. This air flowing through the outdoor intake 101 'or the internal intake 102 is heated by the photoelectric converter 106 in the air flow passage 103' to become hot air and to the outside through the air flow outlet 107. Flows. Here, air on the light receiving surface is not used as a heating medium, because no sufficient heating function can be guaranteed using only window material, and therefore air on the light receiving surface is used as a heat insulating material having a high heat resistance. The apparatus used herein may also have a fin structure on its back or its back may be fabricated in a dark-based color so that the thermal resistance on the back of the photoelectric converter 106 can be made small. . This is effective for improving heat conduction.

The photoelectric converter 106 consequently generates power, and is configured such that the generated power can be taken from the non-light-receiving surface of the photoelectric converter 106 and transferred to the outside through a cable connector (not shown). This power can be used to drive the fan 105 such that the ventilation system can be self-driven without an external power supply.

<Drive method>

7A and 7B show a path through which air flows through a passive solar system house when there is a large amount of solar radiation in winter. FIG. 7A shows the daytime route, and FIG. 7B shows the nighttime route. During the winter day, the air entering through the outdoor air intake 101 provided in the eave flows slowly toward the ridge of the roof through the air flow passage 103 formed between the roofing material 501 and the insulation 202. In this process, air is heated and heated to high temperature by the roofing material 501 which became hot by sunlight. In general, the roofing material 501 is heated to a temperature of 80 to 90 ° C by sunlight, but the air in the air flow passage 103 is at a temperature of at most 60 ° C because heat is distributed to the outdoors. Also, when the wind blows, the heat can be quite dissipated no matter how strong the sunlight. Thus, in order to further increase the temperature of the air in the air flow passage 103, a heat collecting plate 502 is provided near the ridge. Air raised through the air flow passage 103 directly under the roof may flow to the heat collecting plate 502 through the outdoor air intake 101 '. Next, hot air of 80 ° C. or higher generated in the air flow passage 103 under the roofing material 501 and in the air flow passage 103 ′ inside the heat collecting plate 502 is introduced into the indoor room by the fan 105 to allow the duct to flow. Passing 506 heats the concrete 508 provided beneath the floor, and heat is stored in the concrete 508 so that the stored heat can be used through the indoor air blower outlet 110 when needed.

In this step, the photoelectric converter provided in the heat collecting plate 502 becomes a high temperature of 80 ° C to 100 ° C. However, since the amorphous semiconductor is resistant to heat, the photoelectric converter does not cause a large deterioration of the characteristics.

On the other hand, when the amount of solar radiation is low at night, for example, the valve 104 is switched to the indoor intake port 102 so that the hot air from the indoor air blower outlet 110 is circulated, so that the room can be kept warm, The transducer 106 can be prevented from radiating cooling.

8A and 8B show the path through which air flows through passive solar system houses when there is high solar radiation in summer. 8A shows the daytime route, and FIG. 8B shows the nighttime route. During the summer day, air entering through the outdoor air intake 101 provided in the eave flows toward the ridge through the air flow passage 103 formed between the roofing material 501 and the heat insulating material 202. In this path, the air is heated by the roofing material which has become hot by sunlight, but the air hardly becomes hot because the fan 105 is driven at high speed. Then, the air raised through the air flow passage 103 directly under the roof flows to the heat collecting plate 502 through the outdoor air inlet 101 'to cool the photoelectric converter 106, and passes through the duct to the exhaust port ( Through 109).

A system driven in this manner can control excessive temperature rise of the photoelectric converters. In addition, the air layer flowing under the roof functions as a heat insulator that blocks the heat of the roofing material from indoors.

On the other hand, when the amount of solar radiation is low, for example at night, the valve 104 is switched to the indoor intake port 102 so that indoor air can be introduced, so that the photoelectric converter 106 can be prevented from radiating cooling, Indoors full of heat may be released to the outside.

In this embodiment, the house space is used to keep the photoelectric converter 106 at a high temperature at night. For example, when the air conditioner is used in the summer night, it is also possible to connect the indoor air inlet 102 and the air flow outlet of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner so that the air can be discharged to the outside through the photoelectric converter 106 provided on the roof. effective. It is also possible to maintain much higher temperatures by using waste heat from the heater or hot water from the bath.

Above we have described typical methods for controlling the air path during the summer and winter day and night. In these seasons, the air temperature and solar radiation vary from region to region, so the system can be run in winter mode, for example, in the cold case of summer. In addition, it is also possible to make such control automatically using a temperature sensor.

<Auto control>

The control method that is automatically performed will be described below with reference to FIG.

In Fig. 5, reference numerals 507 and 509 denote temperature sensors, where the sensor 507 monitors the indoor temperature and the sensor 509 monitors the outdoor temperature. The outdoor temperature is sensed by the outdoor temperature sensor 509, and the amount of solar radiation is sensed according to the amount of power or voltage generated by the photoelectric converter provided in the heat collecting plate. According to the obtained result, the summer day or night mode, or the winter day or night mode is switched by the control unit 510. In addition, the indoor temperature and the temperature of the photoelectric converter can be sensed so as to efficiently detect the time of switching the air, which is the heating medium at night. Moreover, it is also possible to control in consideration of special environments such as the use of indoor cooling or heating.

<Assembly parts>

The solar cell integrated heat collecting plate and the ventilation unit according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.

Solar Module (106)

The solar cell module 106 includes a back reinforcement member 910, as shown in FIG. 9A, on which a photoelectric converter 911 and a back overcoat 914 sealed with a filler 912 are provided. These are covered with a protective film 913.

1) back reinforcement member (back plate)

The back reinforcement member 910 may be made of various types of metal plates, in particular insulating metals such as galvanized iron plates, as well as materials including carbon fiber, FRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic), ceramics and glass.

2) photoelectric converter

As the photoelectric converter 911, it is preferable to use an amorphous silicon solar cell having good characteristics at a high temperature. As an example it may be configured as shown in Figure 9b.

The solar cell 911 is composed of a conductive base layer 901, a back reflective layer 902, a semiconductor layer 903, a transparent conductive layer 904, and a collecting electrode 905.

The conductive substrate 901 may be a stainless steel sheet, an aluminum plate, a copper plate, a titanium plate, a carbon plate, a galvanized iron plate, a resin film such as polyimide, polyester, polyethylene naphthalide, and an epoxy resin, or a glass plate on which a conductive layer is formed. It may include a ceramic plate such as.

As the back reflection layer 902, a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, or a composite layer of the metal layer and the metal oxide layer can be used. As the metal material, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, silver, copper, nickel and the like can be used. As the metal oxide material, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide or the like can be used.

The metal layer and the metal oxide layer may be formed by a process including resistive heating evaporation, electron beam evaporation, and sputtering.

The semiconductor layer 903 may use a amorphous or microcrystalline material such as Si, SiGe or SiC and have a fin structure formed by high frequency plasma assisted CVD or microwave plasma assisted CVD. The semiconductor layer may have a plurality of fin structures.

In order to form the transparent conductive layer 904, the above-described metal oxide may be used.

The collecting electrode 905 can be formed by mask-type screen printing using a conductive paste, or by fixing a metal wire such as copper using a conductive paste such as carbon paste.

3) Shield

As the material for the protective film 913, fluorine resins such as polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene trifluoride and polyvinyl fluoride can be used well because of their high weather resistance. Usually, since the fluororesin film is weak in adhesion, its attachment surfaces can be corona treated or primer coated.

4) Back cover film (back film)

The back overcoat 914 is required to ensure insulation between the photoelectric converter and the back reinforcement member, and therefore, is required to have insulation. Materials for this include nylon and polyethylene terephthalate. Further, the back overcoat may be formed by coating an insulating material on the back reinforcement member.

5) Filling material

As the material for the filler 912, resins such as EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), EEA (ethylene acrylate copolymer), butyral resin, silicone resin and epoxy resin can be used. The filler may have a glass nonwoven sheet to improve scratch resistance. In addition, the filler may include an ultraviolet absorber that absorbs ultraviolet rays.

External frame (601)

The outer frame 601 can be made well of a structural material with high thermal insulation. For example, wood, polystyrene, calcium silicate, foamed styrol or composite materials of some of these may be used. In this example, a structural material having a thickness of at least 20 mm can be used so that the outer frame can have a high thermal insulation function. This outer frame may be sized to extend from the cornice to the ridge, or may be provided to form part of the pitch of the roof, as shown in FIG. In addition, it may be formed of a plurality of connected external frames.

Windows 604

The window can be well made of a material having high light transmittance and high thermal insulation. For example, glass, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic resin, nylon and the like can be used. The window may be attached to the outer frame 601 by using an adhesive such as rubber adhesive, silicone adhesive or acrylic adhesive. In addition, an edge cover may optionally be provided. In this example, 3 mm thick glass is used, and at least 30 mm thick insulating hermetic space is provided between the photoelectric converter and the glass.

Outdoor intake vents (101, 101 '), Indoor intake vents (102)

They have a structure in which air can be introduced. A filter for preventing the incorporation of dust and the like or a chemical filter for blocking acidic substances contained in the air may also be provided. The outdoor intake port 101 'and the indoor intake port 102 are provided adjacent to each other, and have a switching valve for flowing the air to the outdoor or the indoor. In addition, a throttle may be provided so that the flow rate of air can be controlled.

Air flow outlet (107)

The air flow outlet has a structure that allows air or water to pass through it and be discharged to the outside. A filter for preventing the incorporation of dust and the like or a chemical filter for blocking acidic substances contained in the air may also be provided. In addition, a throttle may be provided so that the flow rate of air can be controlled.

-Roofing Materials (501)-

A galvanized iron plate or the like is used as the metal material having good corrosion resistance and good workability. Such a metal material can be bent easily using a roller molding machine or the like. Optionally, the roofing material can be formed using a plastic material such as vinyl chloride or ceramic material.

Insulation (202)

The insulation inserted between the roofing material and the room typically includes glass fibers and foamed plastics.

Duct (506)

The duct 506 is a pipe that allows air heated in the heat collecting plate 502 to be sent to a heat storage member provided under the floor. Its inner side is made of a galvanized iron sheet and its periphery is mounted, for example, using a high insulation material such as glass fiber or foamed plastic, so that heat is prevented from being lost.

Fan (105)

The fan 105 is a means for letting out the air heated in the heat collecting plate 502 to the outside or through the duct 506 to the heat storage member provided under the floor. AC motors are commonly used for this purpose because of their ease of maintenance. If a fan is not systemically connected, a DC motor can be used for this fan.

Behind this fan is attached a valve (not shown in the figure) for setting the ventilation path so that the indoor circulation of air can be controlled with the valve 104 provided in the heat collecting plate 502.

-Heat storage member (508)-

The heat storage member can be made of any material having a large heat capacity as long as it forms a heat storage member capable of storing heat generated during the daytime and releasing the heat at night.

In practice, inexpensive concrete is widely used in terms of cost. As the shape of the concrete in the heat storage portion, a solid type is widely used. The surface shape of the concrete can be modified to form a larger surface area so that heat can be absorbed and released with higher efficiency. Alternatively, stones, bricks, water and the like may be used.

Example

In order to confirm the effect of maintaining the temperature according to the present invention, Example 1 and Example 2 were tested by building test houses in Kyoto, Japan according to the first and second examples as described above. As a comparative example, a module of an amorphous photoelectric converter sealed with EVA and having similar performance was installed on the ground. The temperature of the photoelectric converters in each system was recorded.

The temperature changes over time in summer and winter are shown in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively. In Examples 1 and 2, a cooling device such as an indoor air conditioner was not used in summer. In Example 1, an indoor heater was used in winter. In Example 2, an indoor heater was not used in winter. In Table 2 and Table 3, "*" is the day mode.

As can be seen from Table 2 and Table 3, the embodiments of the present invention were excellent in temperature preservation.

time Outdoor air temperature (℃) Module without insulation (℃) Module with insulation (℃) 4:00 27 26 23 8:00 29 49 55 12:00 36 64 84 16:00 35 47 65 20:00 31 30 30 24:00 29 28 26

time Outdoor temperature (℃) Example 1 (° C) Example 2 (° C) Comparative Example (° C) 4:00 24.1 28.1 29.3 22.4 8:00 30.3 ^* 48.3 47.4 41.9 12:00 36.3 ^* 82.3 81.5 59.8 16:00 35.9 ^* 59.5 58.9 44.1 20:00 28.8 ^* 32.3 33.5 26.0 24:00 25.4 29.6 30.6 23.3

time Outdoor temperature (℃) Example 1 (° C) Example 2 (° C) Comparative Example (° C) 4:00 -2.4 17.3 13.2 -4.7 8:00 0.9 45.6 43.8 5.3 12:00 9.1 ^* 95.8 92.8 32.0 16:00 6.8 ^* 56.1 60.5 11.7 20:00 -0.2 18.9 17.3 -4.5 24:00 -2.6 18.5 14.4 -6.2

According to the solar energy converter and the ventilation system of the present invention and the temperature control method of the photoelectric converter, it is possible to facilitate the temperature control of the photoelectric converter to prevent the temperature drop of the photoelectric converter to prevent deterioration of the photoelectric converter by light. It can be effective. In addition, according to the heat insulating structure of the present invention, the cost of the heat insulating material which has been a problem when the conventional heat insulating structure is formed can be effectively reduced as the whole system.

Claims (32)

A photoelectric converter made of a non-single-crystal semiconductor, and an air flow passage provided on a rear surface of the photoelectric converter, wherein the air flow passage includes an outdoor intake port and an indoor intake port, and air circulating to the back of the photoelectric converter from the outdoor intake port. And a control unit for controlling the valve based on at least one of solar radiation, outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, and temperature of the photoelectric converter, and a valve for selecting among the air and the air from the indoor intake port. Is controlling the valve to select indoor air as air to be distributed to the rear surface of the photoelectric converter at night. The solar energy conversion apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of intake ports communicates with the inside of the house, and at least one of the plurality of intake ports communicates with the outside of the house. The solar energy conversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air flow passage is formed by the photoelectric converter provided in the outer frame to divide the outer frame and the inner space defined by the outer frame into two parts. The solar energy converter of claim 3, wherein the outer frame is made of a heat insulating material. The solar energy conversion device according to claim 3, wherein the outer frame includes a light transmitting material on a light incident surface thereof. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1, wherein the photoelectric converter is sealed with a resin on a reinforcing member and covered with a protective film. The solar energy conversion device according to claim 6, wherein the reinforcing member is made of a metal plate. 7. The solar energy conversion device according to claim 6, wherein the reinforcing member has a surface of a dark-based color. 7. The solar energy conversion apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the reinforcing member has a radiation pin on a rear surface thereof. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fan for flowing air. The solar energy conversion apparatus of claim 10, wherein the fan is supplied with electric power generated by the photoelectric converter. The solar energy conversion device according to claim 1, further comprising a heat supply means made of a heat storage member. The solar energy conversion apparatus of claim 12, wherein the heat storage member comprises a material selected from the group consisting of concrete, stone, brick, and water. A method for controlling the temperature of a photoelectric converter, Flowing air through an air flow passage provided on the back side of the photoelectric converter made of a non-single crystal semiconductor to control the temperature of the photoelectric converter; Taking air from outside when the amount of solar radiation is high, and taking air from inside according to the indoor temperature and the temperature of the photoelectric converter when the amount of solar radiation is low. Temperature control method of a photoelectric converter comprising a. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the air is flowed by a fan. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the fan is supplied with power generated by the photoelectric converter. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the waste heat of the heat exchanger device is used to control the temperature. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the air taken from the outdoors reaches the heat storage member after passing through the air flow passage. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the heat storage member comprises a material selected from the group consisting of concrete, stone, brick and water. A heat collecting plate comprising an outdoor air inlet, an indoor air intake, a first valve for selecting the outdoor air intake or the indoor air intake, an air flow passage, an air outlet, and a solar cell; A control unit for controlling the first valve to select the outdoor air intake or the indoor air intake based on at least one of solar radiation, outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, and temperature of the solar cell; A first duct for guiding indoor air from the air outlet, A second duct for discharging air from the air outlet to the outside; A second valve for selecting one of the first duct and the second duct, A fan for flowing air from the air outlet, And said control unit controls said first valve to select indoor air as air to flow to said solar cell at night. 21. The ventilation system of claim 20, wherein the air is taken from outdoors when the solar radiation is high and from indoors when the solar radiation is low. 21. The ventilation system according to claim 20, wherein the air taken from the outdoors reaches the heat storage member after passing through the air flow passage. 23. The ventilation system of claim 22, wherein said heat storage member comprises a material selected from the group consisting of concrete, stone, brick and water. 21. The ventilation system of claim 20, wherein air taken from outdoors is guided indoors after passing through an air flow passage. 21. The ventilation system according to claim 20, wherein the air taken from the outdoors is discharged to the outdoors after passing through the air flow passage. 21. The ventilation system of claim 20, wherein air taken from the interior is circulated back to the interior after passing through the air flow passage. 21. The ventilation system according to claim 20, wherein the air taken from the indoor is discharged outdoors after passing through the air flow passage. The valve according to claim 20, wherein the valve for selecting one of the first duct or the second duct is switched according to a factor selected from the group consisting of solar radiation, temperature of the photoelectric converter, outdoor air temperature and indoor temperature. Ventilation system. An amorphous photoelectric converter and a flow passage formed by a space provided on a side opposite the light incident surface of the photoelectric converter to provide air with thermal energy of sunlight irradiated to the photoelectric converter and having an outdoor air intake and an indoor air intake and, The flow passage includes a valve for selecting air from the outdoor air intake port and air from the indoor air intake port to allow air circulating on the surface opposite to the light incident surface of the photoelectric converter, and the solar radiation amount, the outdoor temperature, the indoor temperature, and the photoelectricity. A control unit for controlling the valve based on at least one of the temperature of the converter, wherein the control unit selects indoor air as air to flow to a surface opposite the light incident surface of the photoelectric converter at night. Solar energy conversion device, characterized in that for controlling. A method for controlling the temperature of a photoelectric converter, Selecting outdoor air or indoor air based on the temperature, outdoor temperature, indoor temperature and solar radiation of the photoelectric converter, Flowing selected air into the photoelectric converter to control the temperature of the photoelectric converter And at least nightly allowing indoor air to flow through the photoelectric converter. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the amount of solar radiation is sensed based on the amount of generated power or voltage of the photoelectric converter. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the air taken from the outdoors is discharged to the outdoors after passing through the air flow passage in summer day, and the air taken from the indoors is discharged to the outdoors after passing through the air flow passage in summer night, The air taken from the outdoors is introduced into the indoor after passing through the air flow passage during the day, the air taken from the indoor during the winter night is discharged to the outside after passing through the air flow passage.

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