KR100363052B1 - 용해증강제로서폴리비닐피롤리돈을함유하는경피형기구 - Google Patents
용해증강제로서폴리비닐피롤리돈을함유하는경피형기구 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100363052B1 KR100363052B1 KR1019960703664A KR19960703664A KR100363052B1 KR 100363052 B1 KR100363052 B1 KR 100363052B1 KR 1019960703664 A KR1019960703664 A KR 1019960703664A KR 19960703664 A KR19960703664 A KR 19960703664A KR 100363052 B1 KR100363052 B1 KR 100363052B1
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- sensitive adhesive
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Abstract
본 발명은 약물과 혼합된 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈을 비롯한 3종 이상의 중합체를 함유하는 배합물로 구성된 경피형 약물 전달 시스템용 압감 접착제 조성물에 관한 것으로, 이 때 상기 약물은 압감 접착제 조성물이 인간의 피부에 접촉되었을때 상기 조성물로부터 피부를 통해 전달된다. 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈은 조성물의 접착성 또는 압감 접착제 조성물로부터의 약물 전달 속도에 역영향을 미침이 없이 약물의 용해성을 증가시킨다.
Description
본 발명은 경피형 약물 전달 시스템, 특히 약물의 용해도와 조성물로부터 약물이 전달되는 속도에 영향을 미치는 중합체 배합물을 사용한 경피형 약물 전달용 조성물에 관한 것이다. 보다 구체적으로는, 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈("PVP")을 포함하는, 바람직하게는 서로 혼화성인 다수의 중합체가 당해 배합물내 약물이 용해될 수 있는 최대 허용 농도를 증가시켜, 목적하는 전달 및 접착 성질을 유지하면서 일정 수준의 치료를 달성하는데 필요한 당해 시스템의 크기를 현저하게 감소시킬 수 있다.
경피형 조성물의 사용예로서, 약제, 즉 약물 또는 다른 생물활성제를 함유하는 감압 접착제가 피부를 통해 거의 일정 속도로 약물을 전달하는 조절형 약물 전달 수단으로서 공지되어 있다. 이러한 공지된 전달 시스템은 담체(carrier), 예를들어, 중합체 매트릭스 및/또는 감압 접착제 조성물 중에 약제를 함유하고 있다. 감압 접착제는 피부에 효과적으로 부착되어야만 하고, 약제가 담체로부터 피부를 통해 환자의 혈류내로 이동할 수 있도록 해야만 한다.
모놀리식 경피형 전달 시스템내의 약물의 농도는 사용된 약물 및 중합체에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 접착제내의 낮은 약물 농도는 약제 전달의 허용 속도, 바람직하게는 0차 반응 속도론에 근접하는 약제 전달의 허용 속도를 달성하기 어렵게할 수 있다. 한편, 높은 약물 농도는 종종 접착제의 접착 성질에 영향을 미치고, 결정화를 촉진시키는 경향이 있다. 결정화는 피부를 통해 통과하는 대부분의 약물이 감압 접착제중에 상당히 용해되거나 현탁될 수 없기 때문에 다양한 정도로 일어난다.
경피형 약물 전달 시스템에서, 결정(약물 또는 다른 첨가제 또는 양자 모두)의 존재는 일반적으로 바람직하지 않다. 약물이 결정형으로 존재한다면, 시스템으로부터 약물을 방출시키기가 용이하지 않고, 따라서, 전달용으로 사용될 수 없다. 또한, 약물 결정을 먼저 용해시킨 다음, 시스템으로부터 방출시키더라도, 이러한 공정은 속도-제한성이고 경피성 투과 속도를 감소시키는 경향이 있다.
피부를 통해 약물을 투과시킬 수 있는 단순 확산 모델은 투과 속도가 농도의존적, 즉 감압 접착제 조성물중에 약물의 양과 포화 정도에 의존적임을 암시한다. 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제는 많은 약물에 대해 높은 친화성을 갖고 있고, 이에 따라 고무 접착제보다 고농도의 약물을 가용화시키는 경향이 있지만, 그 접착제를 시스템 중의 유일한 감압 접착제로서 사용하는 경우에는, 허용 투과 속도 및 접착제 성질을 얻기가 어려워진다. 투과를 최대화하기 위해 감압 접착제 조성물이 약물로 포화되는 최소의 농도는 약물에 대한 용해성이 거의 없거나 없는 고무 접착제를 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제내에 배합함으로써 얻어질 수 있다. 그러나, 이러한 다중 중합체 시스템에서 약물의 과포화도 증가와 용해성 감소는 약물이 보다 쉽게 결정화될 수 있는 환경을 조성한다.
고농도의 용해된 활성 성분은 소위 과포화 시스템으로서 종종 보고되었던 보고서에 개시되어 있는 바와 같이, 피부를 통해 투과되는 활성성분의 유량을 증가시킬 수 있다.
따라서, 결정의 크기와 그 분포는 약물의 최대 전달 속도를 달성하기 위해 조절해야만 하는 중요한 매개변수가 되었다. 그러나, 이러한 매개변수들은 보통 조절하기가 어렵다. 결정 크기와 분포를 조절하지 못하면, 그 생성물의 외관은 그 생성물을 생산하는 제조 공정이 조절되고 있지 않음을 암시하는 생성물을 산출할 수 있다. 특히, 큰 결정이 과량으로 존재하면, 접착제형의 경피제에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 또한, 감압 접착제 시스템의 표면상에 존재하는 결정은 접착성을 상실시킬 수 있다. 더욱이, 표면의 결정은 피부에 직접 접촉하게 되면, 피부 자극을 유발할 수 있다.
용해성의 PVP는 경피형 제제의 결정화 억제제로서 공지되어 있다. 그러나, PVP는 치료적 약물량 전달의 허용 투과 속도 및 감압 접착제의 접착성을 감소시키거나, 상당한 고농도로 사용시에는 그 속도와 접착성을 파괴시킨다. 셔링 아게(Schering AG)에 의해 1992년 10월 21일 출원된 "결정화 억제제를 함유하는 경피형 치료 시스템"이라는 명칭의 EPO 특허 공개 번호 WO93/08793호는 단일 중합체 접착제 시스템중의 결정화 억제제로서 PVP를 기술하고 있다. 1993년 10월 12일 시그너스(Cygnus)에게 특허 허여된 "경피 전달용 고상 매트릭스 시스템"이라는 명칭의 제5,252,334호는 증강제를 사용하지 않는 단일 중합체 접착제 시스템중에 PVP를 사용하는 것을 개시하고 있다.
1992년 6월 22일 노벤 파마슈티컬스, 인코오포레이티드가 출원한 "용해성 매개변수를 기초로 한 약물 전달 시스템 및 약물 포화 농도를 변화시키는 방법"이라는 명칭의 PCT/US92/05297호는 2개의 다른 중합체를 함유하는 모놀리식 경피전달용 감압 접착제 시스템을 기술하고 있다. 보다 낮은 용해성의 매개변수를 지닌 고무는 감압 접착제 조성물내에 있어서의 약물의 용해성을 감소시키는 경향이 있으며, 이에 따라 가용화된 약물의 농도를 감소시킨다.
그러나, 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제중의 약물에 고무를 첨가함으로써, 시스템중의 약물의 포화도 증가, 즉 포화 또는 과포화의 결과로써 경피 투과 속도를 증가시킬 수 있음을 제안하는 외국 특허 및 특허 공개 공보는 없었다. 하지만, 이러한 포화도의 증가는 약물을 결정화시킬 수 있다. 이러한 결정화의 문제점이 다중 중합체 접착제 배합물내에 과포화 농도의 모든 약물을 가용화시키면서 치료적 약물량을 전달하고 또한 조성물의 접착 성질을 유지하기에 충분한 양으로 용해성 PVP를 첨가함으로써 해결될 수 있다는 점, 또는 결정화도를 최소화하기 위해 투과 속도 증가를 제한시켜야 할 필요가 없다는 점을 제시한 종래의 특허 및 특허 공보는 없었다.
발명의 개요
본 발명은 용해성 PVP를 좁은 농도 범위로 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템에 사용하여, 경피 투과 속도에 악영향을 미침이 없이 폴리아크릴레이트 중합체 시스템 단독물에 의해 가용화될 수 있는 양과 유사한 양으로 약물을 가용화시킬 수 있고, 감압 접착제 시스템 배합물이 필요한 접착성을 보유할 수 있도록 함을 발견한데 따른 것이다.
전술한 본 발명의 목적 및 기타 다른 목적은 2종 이상의 중합체 배합물에 용해성 PVP를 첨가함으로써 달성된다. 용해성 PVP는 감압 접착제 조성물중에 약물의 장입량을 증가시킬수 있다. 사용된 용해성 PVP의 양은 바람직하지 않은 결정화를 일으킴이 없이, 그리고 조성물의 접착성이나 약물의 투과 속도를 실질적으로 감소시킴이 없이, 약물을 용해시키기에 충분해야만 한다. 2이상의 중합체 배합물은 상기 언급한 바 있는 노벤 파마슈티컬스, 인코오포레이티드의 PCT/US92/05297호에 기술되어 있다.
본 발명의 제1목적에 따르면, 개선된 감압 접착제 조성물은 (1) 고무, (2) 폴리아크릴레이트, (3) 약물 및 (4) 용해성 PVP를 함유한다.
약물과 관련하여 사용된 "과포화(supersaturated)"란 용어는 약물의 존재량이 용해성 PVP가 부족한 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템내에 약물의 용해도나 분산도 를 초과하는 양이라는 것을 의미한다.
"폴리비닐피롤리돈" 또는 "PVP"라는 용어는 단량체 유니트중의 하나로서 N-비닐피롤리돈을 함유하는 중합체, 즉 단독중합체 또는 공중합체를 의미한다. 일반적인 PVP 중합체는 단독중합체 PVP 및 비닐 아세테이트와 비닐피롤리돈의 공중합체이다. 단독중합체 PVP는 약학 산업 분야에 다양한 명칭으로 공지되어 있고, 그 예로는 일반명 폴리(1-비닐-2-피롤리돈) 및 상표명 포비돈(Povidone), 폴리비돈(Polyvidone), 폴리비도넘(Polyvidonum) 및 폴리비도넘(Polyvidonum) 등이 있다. 공중합체 비닐 아세테이트/비닐피롤리돈은 약제 산업 분야에서 코폴리비돈(Copolyvidon), 코폴리비돈(Copolyvidone) 및 코폴리비도넘 (Copolyvidonum)으로 공지되어 있다. 적합한 PVP 중합체는 독일 루드비흐샤펜에 소재하는 바스프아게의 시판품인 상표명 콜리돈(Kollidon)으로 시판되는 것을 포함한다. 바람직한 것은 콜리돈 17PF, 25, 30, 90 및 VA 64이다.
PVP와 관련하여 사용될 때 "용해성"이란 용어는 중합체가 물에 용해되고 일반적으로 거의 가교성이 아니며, 분자량이 약 2,000,000 이하인 것을 의미한다. 문헌, 뷜러, 콜리돈?: POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY, BASF AG(1992)을 참조하라.
PVP가 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템내에 약물의 용해성 또는 분산성을 증가시킬 수 있을 지라도, PVP의 양을 증가시키면 약물의 유속이 감소되고 시스템의 접착도도 감소된다. 따라서, 선택된 용해성 PVP의 양은 모든 약물을 용해시키기에 충분해야만 하나, 시스템으로부터 약물의 유속을 실질적으로 지연시킬 정도보다는 적은 양이어야 한다. 이러한 약물의 양은 실험적으로 측정될 수 있으나, 일반적인 약물 대 PVP의 중량비는 약 1:10 내지 약 10:1, 바람직하게는 약 1:5 내지 약 5:1, 최적량으로는 약 1:3 내지 약 3:1이다.
특히 바람직한 양태는 고무 및 용해성 PVP를 함유하는 배합물을 포함하며, 이때 고무는 폴리실록산이다.
폴리실록산은 감압 접착제 조성물중에 이 조성물의 약 9중량% 내지 약 97중량%의 양으로 제공되는 것이 바람직한 반면, 폴리아크릴레이트는 약 95중량% 이하의 양으로 제공되는 것이 바람직하다. 폴리아크릴레이트 대 고무의 중량 비율은 약 2:98 내지 약 96:4의 범위가 바람직하고, 보다 바람직하게는 약 2:98 내지 약86:14 범위이다. 고무 대 폴리아크릴레이트의 최적비는 대략 0차 반응 속도론을 달성하는데 필요한 약물의 최고 농도를 허용하고, 감압 접착제 조성물의 접착 성질이나 조성물로부터 약물의 투과 속도에 악영향을 미침이 없이 모든 약물을 가용화시키기에 충분한 용해성 PVP를 갖는 것이다.
용해성 PVP는 전술한 바와 같이 약물에 대한 중량비로서 전체 조성물의 약 1중량% 내지 약 20중량% 범위의 양으로 감압 접착제 조성물중에 제공되는 것이 바람직하다. 용해성 PVP의 최소 첨가량은 삼중 시스템에 있어서의 약물의 용해도를 고무가 제외된 상기와 동일한 이중 시스템에 있어서의 약물의 용해도로 증가시키는데 필요한 양이다. 이 양은 폴리아크릴레이트내에 약물의 바람직한 양을 용해시킨 다음, 바람직한 양의 고무를 첨가한 후, 약물을 용해시키기에 충분한 용해성 PVP를 첨가함으로써 실험적으로 측정될 수 있다. 사용되는 실제양은 시스템에 따라 달라지며, 적어도 폴리아크릴레이트에 고무를 첨가함으로써 초래되는 약물의 용해성의 감소를 보완할 수 있을 정도의 충분량의 용해성 PVP를 혼합물에 첨가함으로써 실험적으로 결정될 수 있다.
첨가되는 용해성 PVP의 최대 양은 시스템으로부터 배출되는 치료적 약물량을, 바람직하게는 거의 0차 반응속도로 전달시킬 수 있고, 경피 투여에 필요한 시스템의 접착성을 현저히 감소시키지 않는 양이다. 이 양은 또한 시스템으로부터 경피투여 속도 또는 유속을 측정하고 시스템의 접착 성질을 측정함으로써 실험적으로 결정될 수 있다.
본 발명의 감압 접착제 조성물은 바람직하게는 약 9중량% 내지 약 97중량%,최적량으로는 약 14중량% 내지 약 94중량%의 고무, 약 5중량% 내지 약 85중량%의 폴리아크릴레이트 및 바람직하게는 약 1중량% 내지 약 20중량%, 보다 바람직하게는 약 3중량% 내지 약 15중량%, 최적량으로는 약 5중량% 내지 약 15중량%의 용해성 PVP를 함유하는 배합물을 포함한다.
다중 중합체 접착제 시스템은 감압 접착제 조성물의 약 50중량% 내지 약99중량%를 함유한다. 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템은 감압 접착제 조성물의 약 0.1중량% 내지 50중량%, 최적량으로는 약 0.3중량% 내지 약 30중량%의 양으로 약물과 혼합한다. 약물에 대한 보조용매(30중량% 이하) 및 증강제(20중량% 이하)와 같은 첨가제가 선택적으로 전체 조성물중에 첨가될 수도 있다.
특히 바람직한 양태에 있어서, 약물은 에스트로겐이나 황체호르몬제, 또는 이의 혼합물과 같은 스테로이드이다. 다른 바람직한 양태에 있어서, 약물은 알부테롤과 같은 β2-아드레날린성 작동물질, 또는 니트로글리세린과 같은 심활성제일 수 있다. 다른 양태에 있어서, 약물은 파일로카르핀과 같은 콜린 작동 물질, 할로페리돌과 같은 항정신병제, 알프라졸람과 같은 신경안정제/진정제, 또는 마취제나 진통제이다. 또한, 최근에는 니코틴과 세레질린과 같은 CNS 정동 약물이 본 발명의 범위내에서 경피적으로 투여될 수 있음을 발견하였다.
또한, 감압 접착제 조성물은 경피형 약물 전달용 조성물에 사용할 수 있는 것으로 당업계에 공지된 바와 같은 증강제, 충전제, 보조용매 및 부형제를 추가로 포함할 수 있다.
첨부하는 도면과 함께 하기의 상세한 설명을 읽으면 본 발명에 대해 더 잘 이해할 수 있을 것이다.
도 1은 본 발명의 모놀리식 경피형 약물 전달 기구의 개요도.
도 2는 확산 계수 대 총 용해도 매개변수의 플롯.
도 3은 용해성 PVP를 포함하는 본 발명의 두 가지 조성물에 대한 에스트라디올의 평균 유속을 나타내는 도면.
도 4는 본 발명의 PVP 조성물로부터 인체 표피를 통과하는 에스트라디올의 유속을 나타내는 도면.
도 5는 노르에틴드론 아세테이트, 에스트라디올 및 용해성 PVP를 포함하는 본 발명의 조성물에 있어서 인체 표피를 통과하는 노르에틴드론 아세테이트의 유속을 나타내는 도면.
도 6은 다양한 농도의 용해성 PVP를 포함하는 본 발명의 조성물로부터 에스트라디올과 노르에틴드론 아세테이트의 평균 유속을 나타내는 도면.
도 7은 인체 표피를 통과하는 에스트라디올의 유속에 미치는 용해성 PVP의 효과를 나타내는 도면.
도 8은 다양한 농도의 용해성 PVP를 포함하는 본 발명의 조성물로부터 투과되는 에스트라디올과 노르에틴드론 아세테이트의 누적 투과량을 나타내는 도면.
도 9는 본 발명의 조성물로부터 인체 표피를 통과하는 에스트라디올과 노르에틴드론 아세테이트의 유속에 미치는 용해성 PVP 농도의 효과를 나타내는 도면.
도 10은 다양한 농도의 용해성 PVP를 포함하는 본 발명의 조성물로부터 통과하는 에스트라디올과 노르에틴드론 아세테이트의 평균 유속에 미치는 용해성 PVP의 효과를 나타내는 도면.
본 발명은 2종 이상의 중합체의 배합물, 용해성 PVP 및 약물을 포함하는 감압 접착제 조성물에 관한 것이다. 본원 명세서에서 2종 이상의 중합체의 배합물은 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템을 지칭한다. 본원 명세서에서 사용된 용어 "배합물"은 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템에서 상이한 중합체간에 화학 반응이나 가교(간단한 H-결합은 예외)가 전혀 또는 거의 없는 것을 의미한다.
본원 명세서에서 사용된 용어 "감압 접착제"는 극히 미약한 압력을 가하여도 대부분의 기판에 즉시 부착되고 영구 접착성인 점탄성 물질을 지칭한다. 중합체는, 그 자체가 감압 접착제의 특성을 가지거나 또는 점착성부여제, 가소제 또는 기타 첨가제와의 혼합물 형태로 감압 접착제로서 기능하는 경우, 본원 명세서에서 사용된 용어의 의미를 갖는 감압 접착제이다. 이 감압 접착제란 용어에는 또한 상이한 중합체의 혼합물 및 예컨대, 상이한 분자량의 폴리이소부틸렌(PIB)과 같은 중합체들의 혼합물로서, 최종 혼합물이 감압 접착제인 혼합물이 포함된다. 후자의 경우, 혼합물내 저 분자량의 중합체는 "점착성부여제"로 간주되지 않는데, 점착성부여제는 이것이 첨가되는 중합체와는 분자량면에서 상이한 첨가제를 의미한다.
본원 명세서에서 사용된 용어 "고무"는 감압 접착제의 특성을 가지며, 1종 이상의 천연 또는 합성 탄성 중합체를 포함하는 점탄성 물질을 지칭한다. 적합한고무로는 폴리실록산, 폴리이소부틸렌 및 천연 고무가 있다.
본원 명세서에 사용된 용어 "약물" 및 이의 균등물, "생물활성제" 및 "약제"는 치료, 예방 및/또는 약리적 또는 생리적으로 효과적인 활성 물질 또는 그 혼합물로서 생체 유기체로 전달되었을때 목적하는, 보통은 유리한 효과를 나타내는 것으로 광범위한 의미를 가진다.
보다 구체적으로는, 식물이나 동물내에서 치료, 진단 또는 예방적 특성을 나 타내는지와는 무관하게 국소적 또는 전신적으로 약리 반응을 산출할 수 있는 약물이라면 어떠한 것도 본 발명의 범주내에 속하는 것으로 간주한다. 본 발명에는 또한 살충제, 방충제, 선스크린, 화장품 등과 같은 생물활성제가 속한다. 약물 및/또는 생물활성제는 단독으로 또는 2종 이상의 그러한 제제와의 혼합물 형태로 질환이나 기타 증세를 예방, 처치, 진단 또는 치료하기에 충분한 양으로 사용할 수 있음을 주지하여야 한다.
약물은 "약리학적 유효량"으로 사용한다. 이 용어는 바람직하게는 0차 약물 반응속도론으로, 경피 투여형이 사용되는 기간동안 전달된 약물량이 치료 수준으로 되도록 하는 조성물내 약물의 농도를 의미한다. 이러한 전달은 약물, 개별 용량 유닛이 사용되는 기간, 시스템으로부터 약물의 유동 속도 및 다수의 기타 변수를 포함하는 많은 변수에 따라 좌우된다. 약물의 요구량은 증강제와 함께 또는 증강제 없이 사용하는 경우 시스템을 통과하고 그리고 피부를 통과하는 약물의 유동 속도에 의거하여 실험적으로 결정될 수 있다. 요구되는 유동 속도가 결정되면, 치료제 사용기간동안 방출되는 속도가 최소한 유동 속도와 같게 되도록 경피 전달 시스템을 고안한다. 물론, 경피 전달 시스템의 표면적은 또한 시스템으로부터 방출되는 약물의 전달에 영향을 미친다.
약물은 본원 명세서에서 규정한 "과포화"양으로 제공한다. 과포화 양은 시스템내 용해된 약물의 농도를 증가시키기 위해서는 필수적이다. 따라서 용해성 PVP가 과포화 시스템내에 약물을 용해시키는데 요구된다.
일반적으로, 약물의 치료량은 약 0.1 중량% 내지 약 50 중량%의 약물을 포함하는 조성물로부터 전달될 수 있다. 그러나, 본 발명의 조성물은 비교적 저 농도, 특히 전체 조성물의 0.3중량% 내지 30중량%로 사용하는 약물에서 특히 유용하다.
용해성 PVP는 고무를 제외시킨 동일 조성물중의 약물을 용해시키는데 필요한 양보다 다량인, 약물을 용해시키는데 효과적인 양으로 사용한다. 그러나, 용해성 PVP의 최대 사용량은 치료량의 약물의 전달을 유지할 수 있는 양보다 많지는 않아야 하며, 바람직하게는 0차 반응속도를 나타내고, 경피용 감압 접착제 조성물의 접착 특성을 유지할 수 있는 양이다. 일례로서, 17β-에스트라디올 또는 노르에틴드론아세테이트와 같은 스테로이드는, 1992년 10월 12일자 출원된 쉐링 아게(Schering AG)의 PCT 특허 공개 번호 WO 93/08793에 제시된 바와 같이, PVP의 부재하에서 결정화가 일어나고 실온 및 압력에서 방치하면 결정화가 가속화되는 경향이 있을지라도, PVP를 첨가하지 않은 상태에서 통상의 폴리아크릴레이트 감압 접착제중에 대략 2 내지 4중량%의 양으로 용해된다. 본 발명자들은 상기 혼합물에 고무를 첨가하면 고무 첨가량에 비례하여 폴리아크릴레이트중에 용해되는 스테로이드의 용해도가 감소된다는 사실을 발견하였다. 즉, 폴리아크릴레이트와 고무를 포함하는 시스템에서는, 고무 첨가에 의해 나타나는 용해도 저하를 보충하기위해 용해제로서 충분한 PVP를 사용해야 한다. 또한, 증가량의 PVP는 치료량의 약물 전달을 위한 투과 허용 속도와 필요로 되는 접착 특성을 상실시키므로, 최소량의 용해성 PVP를 감압 접착제 조성물에 첨가하여야 한다.
본 발명은 감압 접착제 시스템으로부터 방출되는 약물의 경피 투과 속도가 시스템내 약물의 용해도를 조절함으로써 선택적으로 조정가능하다는 발견에 착안한 것이다. 본원 명세서에서 사용된 "경피 투과 속도"란 용어는 피부를 통과하는 약물의 속도를 의미하며, 이는 당해 기술분야에 알려져 있는 바와 같이 담체로부터 방출되는 약물의 방출 속도에 의해 영향받거나 영향받지 않을 수도 있다.
다중 중합체의 배합물 형성 결과, 특징적인 "총 용해도 매개변수"를 가진 접착제 시스템이 산출되는데, 이 매개변수의 선택으로, 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템내 약물의 용해도를 조절함으로써 약물의 전달 속도를 선별적으로 조정하는 것이 가능해지므로 유리하다.
본원 명세서에서 "SP"로 지칭된 용해도 매개변수는 다수 화학종의 상호 용해도의 정도와 실험적으로 관련이 있는 모든 분자간 인력의 총합으로서 정의된다. 용해도 매개변수에 대한 일반적인 사항은 문헌 [Vaughan, "Using Solubility Parameters in Cosmetics Formulation,"J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., Vol. 36, pages 319-333 (1985)]에 제시되어 있다.
다중 중합체 접착제 시스템은 실온에서 감압 접착제이고, 경피형 약물 전달기술분야에서 사용되는 접착제에 요구되는 기타 바람직한 특징을 가지도록 제형화하는 것이 바람직하다. 이러한 특징에는 피부에 대한 우수한 접착성, 피부에는 거의 손상을 주지 않으면서 박리 또는 제거될 수 있는 능력, 시간 경과에 따른 접착성의 유지 등이 있다. 일반적으로, 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템은 차동 주사형 열량기를 사용하여 측정시 약 -70℃ 내지 0℃의 유리 전이 온도(Tg)를 가져야 한다.
용어 "아크릴계 중합체"는 당해 기술 분야에서와 같이 본원 명세서에서 폴리아크릴레이트, 폴리아크릴계 및 아크릴계 접착제와 혼용하여 사용되고 있다. 아크릴계 중합체 및 실리콘계 중합체는 각기 바람직하게는 약 2:98 내지 약 96:4, 더욱 바람직하게는 약 2:98 내지 약 90:10 및 더욱 더 바람직하게는 약 2:98 내지 약 86:14의 중량비로 사용된다. 아크릴계 중합체(이후 폴리아크릴레이트로서 광범위하게 지칭함) 및 실리콘계 중합체(이후 폴리실록산으로서 광범위하게 지칭함)의 양은 시스템으로부터 피부를 통과하는 약물의 전달 속도에 영향을 미치도록 3원 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템중 약물의 포화 농도를 변화시킬 수 있는 양으로 선택한다.
특히 본 발명의 개선된 구체예에서는, 폴리아크릴레이트가 감압 접착제 조성물의 약 5 내지 85 중량% 범위의 양으로 존재하며, 폴리이소부틸렌은 전체 조성물의 약 14 내지 94 중량% 범위의 양으로 존재한다. 다른 바람직한 구체예에서는, 폴리이소부틸렌이 전체 조성물의 약 10 내지 90 중량% 범위의 양으로 존재하며, 폴리아크릴레이트는 전체 조성물의 약 5 내지 95 중량% 범위의 양으로 존재한다.
감압 접착제 조성물내 약물의 중량 농도는 바람직하게는 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 50중량%, 더욱 바람직하게는 약 0.1중량% 내지 약 40중량% 및 최적량으로는 약0.3중량% 내지 약 30중량%이고, 상기 중량%는 감압 접착제 조성물의 총 중량을 기준으로 한 것이다. 본 발명은 저 농도, 예를 들면 조성물의 10중량%, 5중량% 또는 심지어 3중량%로 사용되는 약물에 특히 유용하다. 경피형 약물 전달 시스템내로 약물의 장입량이 많던지 적던지 간에, 본 발명의 감압 접착제 조성물은 허용가능한 전단, 점착 및 박리 접착제 특성을 유지하도록 제형화할 수 있다.
본 발명의 바람직한 구체예를 실시하는데 있어, 폴리아크릴레이트는 각종 아크릴산의 단독중합체, 공중합체, 삼원공중합체 등 중 어떠한 것을 사용해도 무방하다. 이러한 바람직한 구체예에서, 폴리아크릴레이트는 감압 접착제 조성물 총 중량에 대해, 바람직하게는 약 95중량% 이하, 더욱 바람직하게는 약 3중량% 내지 약 90중량% 및 최적량으로는 약 5중량% 내지 약 85중량%를 차지하며, 폴리아크릴레이트의 양은 사용 약물의 양과 형태에 따라 좌우된다.
본 발명을 실시하는데 유용한 폴리아크릴레이트는 1종 이상의 아크릴산 단량체 및 기타 공중합가능한 단량체의 중합체이다. 폴리아크릴레이트에는 또한 알킬 아크릴레이트 및/또는 메타크릴레이트 및/또는 공중합가능한 2차 단량체 또는 작용기를 가진 단량체의 공중합체가 포함된다. 각 단량체 종류의 첨가량을 변화시킴으로써, 수득되는 폴리아크릴레이트의 응집 특성은 당해 기술분야에 공지된 바와 같이 변화시킬 수 있다. 일반적으로, 폴리아크릴레이트는 50 중량% 이상의 아크릴레이트나 알킬 아크릴레이트 단량체, 이 아크릴레이트와 공중합가능한 0 내지 20중량%의 작용성 단량체 및 0 내지 40중량%의 기타 다른 단량체로 구성된다.
본 발명을 실시하는데 적합한 아크릴계 접착제의 예와 추가 세부사항은문헌[Satas, "Acrylic Adhesives," Handbook ofPressure-Sensitive Adhesive Technology. 2nd ed., pp. 396-456 (D. Satas, ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1989)]에 기술되어 있다.
적합한 아크릴 접착제는 시중구입이 가능하며 내션날 스타치 & 케미칼 코오포레이션(National Starch & Chemical Corporation; 미합중국, 뉴 저어지, 브리지워터 소재)에 의해 상표명 Duro-Tak 80-1194, 80-1196, 80-1197, 2287, 2516 및 2852로 판매되는 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제가 포함된다. 그 밖의 다른 적합한 아크릴 접착제로는 상표명 Gelva-멀티폴리머 솔루션 GMS 737, 788, 1151 및 1430(Monsanto; 미합중국, 미주리, 세인트 루이스 소재)로 판매되는 것들이 있다.
본 발명을 실시하는데 유용한 고무접착제에는 천연 및 합성 폴리이소프렌, 폴리부틸렌 및 폴리이소부틸렌과 같은 탄화수소 중합체, 스티렌/부타디엔 중합체, 스티렌-이소프렌-스티렌 블록공중합체 부틸고무와 같은 탄화수소 중합체, 폴리아크릴로-니트릴, 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌, 폴리비닐클로라이드, 폴리비닐리덴 클로라이드 및 폴리클로로피엔과 같은 할로겐-함유 중합체, 및 폴리실록산 및 그들의 다른 공중합체가 포함된다.
적합한 폴리실록산에는 2종의 주요성분, 즉 중합체 또는 탄성중합체, 및 점착성 수지에 기초한 실리콘 감압 접착제가 포함된다. 폴리실록산 접착제는 통상적으로 탄성중합체, 일반적으로 고분자량의 폴리디오르가노실록산을 수지와 가교시키고, 적당한 유기용매중에서의 축합반응을 통해 3차원의 실록산 구조물을 형성시킴으로써 제조한다. 수지 대 탄성중합체의 비는 폴리실록산 접착제의 물성을 변화시키기 위해 조절할 수 있는 가장 중요한 인자이다[참조: Sobieski 등의 문헌 "실리콘 감압 접착제",Handbook of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Technology 2nd ed., pp.508-517(D.Satas, ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York(1989)].
본 발명을 실시하는데 유용한 실리콘 감압 접착제의 구체적 사항 및 예는 미합중국 특허 제 4,591,622 호; 제 4,584,355 호; 제 4,585,836 호; 및 제 4,655,767 호에 개시되어 있다.
적합한 실리콘 감압 접착제는 시중구입이 가능하며 다우 코닝 코오포레이션, 메디칼 프로덕츠(Daw Corning Corporation, Medical Products; 미합중국, 미시간, 미들랜드 소재)에 의해 상품명 BIO-PSA X7-3027, X7-4203, Q7-4503, X7-4603, X7-4301, X7-4303, X7-4919, X7-2685 및 X7-3122로 판매되는 실리콘 접착제가 포함된다. BIO-PSA X7-4203, X7-4301 및 X7-4303이 알부테롤과 같은 아민-작용성 약물을 함유하는 제제에 사용하기에 특히 적합하다.
본 발명의 바람직한 실시태양을 실시함에 있어서, 폴리실록산은 감압 접착제 조성물 총중량의 약 9중량% 내지 약 97중량%를 구성하는 것이 바람직하며, 약 12 중량% 내지 약 97중량%가 더욱 바람직하고, 약 14중량% 내지 약 94중량%가 최적량이다.
본 발명에는 일반적인 약물들을 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 약물에는Merck Index, 제 11 판 [Merck & Co Rahway, N.J.(1989)] 의 ther-5 내지 ther-29 면에 수록되어 있는 약물과 그런 범주의 화합물 종들을 포함한다. 본 발명에 기재된 신규의 경피투여용 약물 전달 시스템에 의해 투여할 수 있는 약물의 예로는 하기와같은 것들을 들 수 있으나, 이들에 국한되는 것은 아니다.
1. 알부테롤, 밤부테롤, 비톨테롤, 카르부테롤, 클렌부테롤, 클로르프레날린, 데노파민, 디옥세테드린, 도펙사민, 에페드린, 에피네프린, 에타페드린, 에틸노르에피네프린, 페노테롤, 포르모테롤, 헥소프레날린, 이보파민, 이소에타린, 이소프로테레날, 마부테롤, 메타프로테레놀, 메톡시펜아민, 옥시페드린, 피르부테롤, 프레날테롤, 프로카테롤, 프로토킬롤, 레프로테롤, 리미테롤, 리토드린, 소테레놀, 테르부탈린, 테르부테롤 및 크사모테롤과 같은 β-아드레날린성 작동물질.
2. 아세부톨롤, 알프레놀롤, 아모술랄롤, 아로티놀롤, 아테놀롤, 베푸놀롤, 베탁솔롤, 베반톨롤, 비소프롤롤, 보핀돌롤, 부쿠몰롤, 베페톨롤, 부푸랄롤, 부니트롤롤, 부프라놀롤, 부티드린 히드로클로라이드, 부토피롤롤, 카라졸롤, 카테올롤, 카베딜롤, 셀리프롤롤, 세타몰롤, 클로라놀롤, 딜레발롤, 에파놀롤, 에스몰롤, 인데놀롤, 라베탈롤, 레보부놀롤, 메핀돌롤, 메티프라날롤, 메토프롤롤, 모프롤롤, 나독솔롤 니페날롤, 니프라딜롤, 옥스프레놀롤, 펜부톨롤, 핀돌롤, 프락톨롤, 프로네탈롤, 프로프라놀롤, 소탈롤, 설피날롤, 탈리놀롤, 테르타톨롤, 티몰롤, 톨리프롤롤 및 크시베놀롤과 같은 β-아드레날린성 차단제.
3. 클로로부탄올과 같은 진통제; 알펜타닐, 알릴프로딘, 알파프로딘, 아닐레리딘, 벤질몰핀, 벤지트라미드, 부프레놀핀, 부토판올, 클로니타젠, 코데인, 코데인메틸 브로마이드, 코데인 포스페이트, 코데인 설페이트, 데소몰핀, 덱스트로몰아미드, 데조신, 디암프로마이드, 디히드로코데인, 디히드로코데이논 에놀 아세테이트, 디히드로몰핀, 디메녹사돌, 디메펩타놀, 디메틸티암부텐, 디옥사페틸 부티레이트, 디피파논, 엡타조신, 에토헵타진, 에틸메틸티암부텐, 에틸몰핀, 에토니타젠, 펜타닐, 히드로코돈, 히드로몰폰, 히드록시페티딘, 이소메타돈, 케토베미돈, 레볼파놀, 로펜타닐, 메페리딘, 멥타지놀, 메타조신, 메타돈 히드로클로라이드, 메토폰, 몰핀, 몰핀유도체, 미로핀, 날부핀, 나르세인, 니코몰핀, 노르레볼파놀, 노르메타돈, 노르몰핀, 노르피파논, 오피움, 옥시코돈, 옥시몰폰, 파파베레툼, 펜타조신, 페나독손, 페나조신, 페오페리딘, 피미노딘, 피리트라미드, 프로헵타진, 프로메돌, 프로페리딘, 프로피람, 프로폭시펜, 수펜타닐 및 틸리딘과 같은 마취제; 및 아세트아미노펜, 아세틸살리실살리실산 및 알클로페낙과 같은 비마취제.
4. 리도카인, 테트라카인, 다이클로닌 디부카인, 프로카인, 메피바카인, 부피바카인, 에티도카인, 프릴로카인 및 벤조카인과 같은 마취제.
5. 아세부톨롤, 알프레놀롤, 아미오다론, 암로디핀, 아로티놀롤, 아테놀롤, 베프리딜, 베반톨롤, 부쿠몰롤, 부페톨롤, 부푸랄롤, 부니트롤롤, 부프라놀롤, 카로졸롤, 카르테올롤, 카르베딜롤, 셀리프롤롤, 시네파제트 말레이트, 딜티아젬, 에파놀롤, 펠로디핀, 갈로파밀, 이몰라민, 인데놀롤, 이소소르비드 디니트레이트, 이소소르비드 모노니트레이트, 이스라디핀, 리마프로스트, 메핀돌롤, 메토프롤롤, 몰시도민, 나돌롤, 니카르디핀, 니페디핀, 니페날롤, 닐바디핀, 니프라딜롤, 니솔디핀, 니트로 글리세린, 옥스프레놀롤, 옥시페드린, 오자그렐, 펜부톨롤, 펜타에리트리톨 테트라니트레이트, 핀돌롤, 프로네탈롤, 프로프라놀롤, 소탈롤, 테로딜린, 티몰롤, 톨리프롤롤 및 베라파밀과 같은 항안지나제(antianginal).
6. 아세부톨, 아세카인, 아데노신, 아즈말린, 알프레놀롤, 아미오다론, 아모프록산, 아프린딘, 아로티놀롤, 아테놀롤, 베반톨롤, 브레틸륨 토실레이트, 부부몰롤, 부페톨롤, 부나프틴, 부니트롤롤, 부프라놀롤, 부티드린 하이드로클로라이드, 부토벤딘, 카포벤산, 카라졸롤, 카테올롤, 시펜린, 클로라놀롤, 디소피라미드, 엔카이나이드, 에스몰롤, 플레카이나이드, 갈로파밀, 히드로퀴니딘, 인데카이나이드, 인데놀롤, 이프라트로피움 브로마이드, 로라즈민, 로르카이나이드, 메오벤틴, 메티프라놀롤, 멕실레틴, 모리시진, 나독솔롤, 니페날롤, 옥스프레놀롤, 펜부톨롤, 핀돌롤, 피르메놀, 프락톨롤, 프라즈말린, 프로카인아미드 히드로클로라이드, 프로네탈롤, 프로파페논, 프로프라놀롤, 피리놀린, 퀴니딘 설페이트, 퀴니딘, 소탈롤, 탈리놀롤, 티몰롤, 토카이나이드, 베라파밀, 비퀴딜 및 크시베놀롤과 같은 항부정맥제.
7 비네달린, 카록사존, 시탈로프람, 디메타잔, 인달핀, 펜카민, 인델록사진히드로클로라이드, 네포팜, 노미펜신, 옥시트립탄, 옥시페르틴, 파록세틴, 세르트랄린, 티아제심, 트라조돈 및 조메타핀과 같은 비시클릭 화합물류: 벤목신, 이프로클로지드, 이프로니아지드, 이소카르복사지드, 니알아미드, 옥타목신 및 페넬진과 같은 히드라지드/히드라진류; 코티닌, 롤리시프린 및 롤리프람과 같은 피롤리돈류; 마프로틸린, 메트랄인돌, 미안세린 및 옥사프로틸린과 같은 테트라시클릭 화합물류; 아디나졸람, 아미트립틸린, 아미트립틸리녹사이드, 아목사핀, 부트립틸린, 클로미프라민, 데멕시프틸린, 데시프라민, 디벤제핀, 디메트라크린, 도티에핀, 독세핀, 플루아시진, 이미프라민, 이미프라민 N-옥사이드, 이프린돌, 로페프라민, 멜리트라센, 메타프라민, 노르트립틸린, 녹시프틸린, 오피프라몰, 피조틸린, 프로피제핀, 프로트립틸린, 퀴누프라민, 티아네프틴 및 트리미프라민과 같은 트리시클릭 화합물류; 및 아드라피닐, 베낙티진, 부프로피온, 부타세틴, 데아놀, 데아놀 아세글루메이트, 데아놀 아세트아미도벤조에이트, 디옥사드롤, 에토페리돈, 페바르바메이트, 페목세틴, 펜펜타디올, 플루옥세틴, 플루복사민, 헤마토포르피린, 하이퍼시닌, 레보파세토페란, 메디폭사민, 미나프린, 모클로베미드, 옥사플로잔, 피베랄린, 프롤린탄, 피리숙시데아놀, 루비듐 클로라이드, 설피리드, 설토프리드, 테닐록사진, 토잘리논, 토페나신, 톨록사톤, 트라닐시프로민, L-트립토판, 빌록사진 및 지멜딘과 같은 기타 화합물류를 포함하는 항우울제.
8. 델마리논 아세테이트, 에탐옥시트리페톨, 타목시펜 및 토레미펜과 같은 항에스트로겐제.
9. 다나졸, 게스트리논 및 파록시프로피온과 같은 항고나도트로핀제(antigonadotropin).
10. 알티아지드, 벤드로플루메티아지드, 벤즈티아지드, 벤질히드로클로로티아지드, 부티아지드, 클로로티아지드, 클로르탈리돈, 시클로펜티아지드, 시클로티아지드, 디아족사이드, 에피티아지드, 에티아지드, 펜퀴존, 히드로클로로티아지드, 히드로플루메티아지드, 메티클로티아지드, 메티크란, 메톨라존, 파라플루티지드, 폴리티아지드, 테트라클로르메티아지드 및 트리클로르메티아지드와 같은 벤조티아디아진유도체;
알라세프릴, 카프토프릴, 실라자프릴, 델라프릴, 에날라프릴, 에날라프릴라트, 포시노프릴, 리시노프릴, 모벨티프릴, 페린도프릴, 퀴나프릴 및 라미프릴과 같은 N-카르복시알킬 (펩티드/락탐)유도체;
암로디핀, 펠로디핀, 이스라디핀, 니카르디핀, 니페디핀, 닐바디핀, 니솔디핀 및 니트렌디핀과 같은 디히드로피리딘 유도체;
베타니딘, 데브리소퀸, 구아나벤즈, 구아나클린, 구아나드렐, 구아나조딘, 구아네티딘, 구안파신, 구아노클로르, 구아녹사벤즈 및 구아녹산과 같은 구아니딘 유도체;
부드랄라진, 카드랄라진, 디히드랄라진, 엔드랄라진, 히드라카르바진, 히드랄라진, 페니프라진, 필드랄라진 및 토드랄라진과 같은 히드라진 및 프탈라진류;
클로니딘, 로펙시딘, 펜톨라민, 티아메니딘 및 톨로니딘과 같은 이미다졸 유도체;
아자메토늄 브로마이드, 클로리손다민 클로라이드, 헥사메토늄, 펜타시늄 비스(메틸 설페이트), 펜타메토늄 브로마이드, 펜톨리늄 타르테이트, 페낙토피늄 클로라이드 및 트리메티디늄 메토설페이트와 같은 4차 암모늄화합물류;
알푸조신, 부나조신, 독사조신, 프라소신, 테라조신 및 트리마조신과 같은 퀴나졸린 유도체;
비에타세르핀, 데세르피딘, 레스신나민, 레세르핀 및 시로신고핀과 같은 레세르핀 유도체;
암부시드, 클로파미드, 푸로세미드, 인다파미드. 퀴네타존, 트리파미드 및 크시파미드와 같은 설폰아미드 유도체; 및
아즈말린, V-아미노부티르산, 부페니오드, 클로르탈리돈, 시클레타인, 시클로시도민, 클립테나민 타네이트, 페놀도팜, 플로세퀴난, 인도라민, 케탄세린, 메트부타메이트, 메카밀라민, 메틸도파, 메틸 4-피리딜 케톤 티오세미카르바존, 메톨라존, 미녹시딜, 무졸리민, 파르길린, 펨피딘, 피나시딜, 피페록산, 프리마페론, 프로토베라트린, 라우바신, 레시메톨, 릴메니덴, 사랄라신, 소듐 니트로프루시드, 티크리나펜, 트리메타판 캄실레이트, 티로시나제 및 우라피딜과 같은 기타 화합물류를 포함하는 항고혈압제.
11. 엔페남산, 에토페나메이트, 플루페남산, 이소닉신, 메클로페남산, 메파남산, 니플룸산, 탈니플루메이트, 테로페나메이트 및 톨페남산과 같은 아미노아릴카르복실산 유도체;
아세메타신, 알클로페낙, 암페낙, 부펙사막, 신메타신, 클로피락, 디클로페낙소듐, 에토돌락, 펠비낙, 펜클로페낙, 펜클로락, 펜클로즈산, 펜티아작, 글루카메타신, 이부페낙, 인도메타신, 이소페졸락, 이소세팍, 로나졸락, 메티아진산, 옥사메타신, 프로글루메타신, 설린닥, 티아라미드, 톨메틴 및 조메피락과 같은 아릴아세트산 유도체;
부마디존, 부티부펜, 펜부펜 및 크센부신과 같은 아릴부티르산 유도체;
클리다낙, 케토롤락 및 티노리딘과 같은 아릴카르복실산;
알미노프로펜, 베녹사프로펜, 부클록산, 카르프로펜, 페노프로펜, 플루녹사프로펜, 플루르비프로펜, 이부프로펜, 이부프록삼, 인도프로펜, 케토프로펜, 록소프로펜, 미로프로펜, 나프록센, 옥사프로진, 피케토프로펜, 피르프로펜, 프라노프로펜, 프로티진산, 수프로펜 및 티아프로펜산과 같은 아릴프로피온산 유도체;
디페나미졸 및 에피리졸과 같은 피라졸류;
아파존, 벤즈피페릴론, 페프라존, 모페부타존, 모라존, 옥시펜부타존, 페니부타존, 피페부존, 프로피페나존, 라미페나존, 숙시부존 및 티아졸리노부타존과 같은 피라졸론류;
아세트아미노살롤, 아스피린, 베노릴레이트, 브로모살리게닌, 칼슘 아세틸살리실레이트, 디플루니살, 에터살레이트, 펜도살, 젠티스산, 글리콜 살리실레이트, 이미다졸 살리실레이트, 리신 아세틸살리실레이트, 메살라민, 모르폴린 살리실레이트, 1-나프틸 살리실레이트, 올살라진, 파르살미드, 페닐 아세틸살리실레이트, 페닐 살리실레이트, 살라세타미드, 살리실아민 O-아세트산, 살리실황산, 살살레이트 및 설파살라진과 같은 살리실산 유도체;
드록시캄, 이속시캄, 피록시캄 및 테녹시캄과 같은 티아진카르복사미드; 및 ε-아세트아미도카프론산, S-아데노실메티오닌, 3-아미노-4-히드록시부티르산, 아믹세트린, 벤다작, 벤지다민, 부콜롬, 디펜피라미드, 디타졸, 에모르파존, 구아이아줄렌, 나부메톤, 니메술리드, 오르고테인, 옥사세프롤, 파라닐린, 페리속살, 피폭심, 프로콰존, 프록사졸 및 테니답과 같은 기타 화합물류를 포함하는 소염성(비스테로이드성) 약물.
12. 항종양성 약물:
부설판, 임프로설판 및 피포설판 같은 알킬 설포네이트류;
벤조데파, 카르보큐온, 메튜레데파 및 우레데파 같은 아지리딘류;
알트레타민, 트리에틸렌멜라민, 트리에틸렌포스포르아미드, 트리에틸렌티오포스포르아미드 및 트리메틸올로멜라민과 같은 에틸렌이민류 및 메틸멜라민류;
클로람부실, 클로르나파진, 크클로포스파미드, 에스트라뮤스틴, 이포스파미드, 메클로르에타민, 메클로르에타민 옥사이드 히드로클로라이드, 멜파란, 노벰비친, 페네스테린, 프레드리뮤스틴, 트로포스파미드 및 우라실 머스타드와 같은 질소 머스타드류;
카르뮤스틴, 클로로조토신, 포테뮤스틴, 로뮤스틴, 니뮤스틴 및 라니뮤스틴 같은 니트로소우레아류; 및
다카바진, 만노뮤스틴, 미토브로니톨, 미토락톨 및 피포브로만 같은 기타약물을 포함하는 알킬화제;
아클라시노마이신류, 악티노마이신 F1, 안트라마이신, 아자세린, 블레오마이신류, 칵티노마이신, 카루비신, 카르지노필린, 크로모마이신류, 닥티노마이신, 다우노루비신, 6-디아조-5-옥소-L-노르로이신, 독소루비신, 에피루비신, 미토마이신류, 미코페놀산, 노갈라마이신, 올리보마이신류, 페플로마이신, 플리카마이신, 포르피로마이신, 푸로마이신, 스트렙토니그린, 스트렙토조신, 투베르시딘, 우베니멕스, 지노스타틴 및 조루비신 같은 항생제;
데노프테린, 메토트렉세이트, 프테로프테린 및 트리메트렉세이트 같은 엽산유사물류; 플루다라빈, 6-메르캅토퓨린, 티아미프린 및 티오구아나인 같은 퓨린 유사물; 및 안시타빈, 아자시티딘, 6-아자우리딘, 카르모푸르, 시타라빈, 독시플루리딘, 에노시타빈, 플록스우리딘, 플루오로우라실, 및 테가푸르 같은 피리미딘 유사물을 포함한 대사길항물질;
L-아스파라기나제 같은 효소류; 및
δ-아미노-레불린산 아세글라톤, 암사크린, 베스트라부실, 비산트렌, 카르보플라틴, 시스플라틴, 데포파미드, 데메콜신, 다아지큐온, 엘포르니틴, 엘립티늄 아세테이트, 에토글루시드, 에토포시드, 갈륨 니트레이트, 히드록시우레아, 인터페론-α, 인터페론-β, 인터페론-γ, 인터루킨-2, 렌티난, 로니다민, 미토구아존, 미토크산트론, 모피다몰, 니트라크린, 펜토스타틴, 페나메트, 피라루비신, 포도필린산, 2-에티티드라지드, 프로카르바진, PSK?, 라족산, 시조피란, 스피로게르마늄, 탁솔, 테니포시드, 테누아존산, 트리아지큐온, 2,2',2"-트리클로로트리에틸아민, 우레탄, 빈블라스틴, 빈크리스틴 및 빈데신과 같은 기타 화합물류.
13. 항종양성 (호르몬성) 약물:
칼루스테론, 드로모스타놀론 프로피오네이트, 에피티오스타놀, 메피티오스탄 및 테스토락톤 같은 안드로겐류;
아미노글루테쓰이미드, 미토탄 및 트릴로스탄 같은 항아드레날린류;
플루타미드 및 니루타미드 같은 항안드로겐류; 및
타목시펜 및 토레미펜 같은 항에스트로겐류.
14. 아만타딘, 벤세라지드, 비에타나우틴, 비페리덴, 브로모크립틴, 부디핀, 카르비도파, 데프레닐, 데세티미드, 디에타진, 드록시도파, 에토프로파진, 에틸벤즈히드라민, 레보도파, 낙사골리드, 퍼골리드, 피로헵틴, 프리리놀, 프로디핀, 세레질린, 테르구리드, 티글로이딘 및 트리헥시페니딜 히드로클로라이드 같은 항파킨슨씨병 약물.
15. 제스토노론 카프로에이트, 메파트리신, 옥세돌론 및 프로스카?같은 항전립선비대증 약물.
16. 항정신병성 약물:
벤페리돌, 브롬페리돌, 드로페리돌, 플루아니손, 할로페리돌, 멜페론, 모페론, 피팜페론, 스니페론, 티미페론 및 트리플루페리돌 같은 부티로페논류;
아세토페나진, 부타페라진, 카르페나진, 클로르프로에타진, 클로르프로마진, 클로스피라진, 시아메마진, 딕시라진, 플루페나진, 이미클로파진, 메파진, 메소리다진, 메톡시프로마진, 메토페나제이트, 옥사플루마진, 페라진, 페리시아진, 페리메타진, 퍼페나진, 피페라세타진, 피포티아진, 프로클로르페라진, 프로마진, 설포리다진, 티오프로파제이트, 티오리다진, 트리플루오페라진 및 트리플루프로마진 같은 페노티아진류;
클로르프로티센, 클로펜틱솔, 플루펜틱솔 및 티오틱센 같은 티오크산텐류;
벤즈퀸아미드, 카르피프라민, 클로카프라민, 클로마크란, 클로티아핀, 클로자핀, 오피프라몰, 프로티펜딜, 테트라베나진 및 조테핀 같은 트리시클릭류;
알리자프라이드, 아미설프라이드, 부라메이트, 플루스피릴렌, 몰린돈, 펜플루리돌, 피모지드, 스피릴렌 및 설피리드 같은 기타 화합물류.
17. 알리벤돌, 암부세타미드, 아미노프로마진, 아포아트로핀, 베보늄 메틸설페이트, 비에타미베린, 부타베린, 부트로퓸 브로마이드, N-부틸스코폴암모늄 브로마이드, 카로베린, 시메트로퓸 브로마이드, 신나메드린, 클레보프라이드, 코니인 하이드로브로마이드, 코니인 하이드로클로라이드, 시클로늄 아이오다이드, 디페메린, 디이소프로민, 디옥사페틸 부티레이트, 디포늄 브로마이드, 드로페닌, 에메프로늄 브로마이드, 에타베린, 페클레민, 페날아미드, 페노베린, 펜피프란, 펜피베리늄 브로마이드, 펜토늄 브로마이드, 플라복세이트, 플로프로피온, 글루콘산, 구아이악타민, 하이드라미트라진, 하이메크로몬, 레이오피롤, 메베베린, 목사베린, 나피베린, 옥타밀아민, 옥타베린, 펜타피페리드, 페나마시드 히드로클로라이드, 플로로글루시놀, 피나베륨 브로마이드, 피페릴레이트, 피폭소란 하이드로클로라이드, 프라미베린, 프리피늄 브로마이드, 프로페리딘, 프로피반, 프로피로마진, 프로자핀, 라세페민, 로시베린, 스파스몰리톨. 스틸로늄 아이오다이드, 설트로포늄, 티에모늄 아이오다이드, 티퀴쥼 브로마이드, 티로프라미드, 트레피부톤, 트리크로밀, 트리폴륨, 트리메부틴, N,N-1-트리메틸-3,3-디페닐-프로필아민, 트로펜질, 트로스퓸 클로라이드 및 크세니트로퓸 브로마이드 같은 진경제 약물.
18.불안제거제 약물:
부스피론, 제피론 및 이프사피론 같은 아릴피페라진류;
알프라조람, 브로마제팜, 카마제팜, 클로르디아제폭시드, 클로바잠, 클로라제페이트, 코티아제팜, 클록사졸람, 디아제팜, 에틸 로플라제페이트, 에티조람, 플루이다제팜, 플루타조람, 플루토프라제팜, 할라제팜, 케타조람, 로라제팜, 록사핀, 메다제팜, 메타클라제팜, 멕사졸람, 노르다제팜, 옥사제팜, 옥사조람, 피나제팜,프라제팜, 토피소팜 및 트리아졸람 같은 벤조디아제핀 유도체;
시클라르바메이트, 에밀카메이트, 히드록시페나메이트, 메프로바메이트, 펜프로바메이트 및 티바메이트 같은 카르바메이트류; 및
알피뎀, 벤즈옥타민, 카프토디아민, 클로르메자논, 클로나제팜, 에티폭신, 플루라제팜, 플루오레손, 글루타민산, 히드록시진, 메클로랄우레아, 메페녹사론, 옥사나미드, 페나글리코돌, 수리클론 같은 기타 화합물류.
19. 플루마제닐 같은 벤조디아제핀 길항제.
20. 기관지 확장제:
알부테롤, 밤부테롤, 비톨테롤, 카르부테롤, 클렌부테롤, 클로르프레날린, 디옥스에테드린, 에페드린, 에피니프린, 에프로지놀, 에타페드린, 에틸노르에피네프린, 페노테롤, 헥소프레날린, 이소에타린, 이소프로테레놀, 마부테롤, 메타프로테레놀, N-메틸에페드린, 피르부테롤, 프로카테롤, 프로토킬롤, 레프로테롤, 리미테롤, 소테레놀, 테르부탈린 및 툴로부테롤 같은 에페드린 유도체류;
베보늄 메틸 설페이트, 클루트로퓸 브로마이드, 이프라트로퓸 브로마이드 및 옥시트로퓸 브로마이드 같은 4차 암모늄 화합물류;
아세필린, 아세필린 피페라진, 암부필린, 아미노필린, 바미필린, 콜린 테오필리네이트, 독소필린, 디필린, 엔프로필린, 에타미필린, 에토필린, 구아이틸린, 프록시필린, 테오브로민, 1-테오브로민아세트산 및 테오필린 같은 크산틴 유도체류; 및 펜스피리드, 메디바진, 메톡시페나니메 및 트레토퀴놀 같은 기타 화합물류.
21. 칼시페디올, 칼시토닌, 칼시트리올, 클로드론산, 디히드로타치스테롤,엘카토닌, 에티드론산, 이프리플라본, 파미드론산, 파라티로이드 호르몬 및 테리파라티드 아세테이트 같은 칼슘 조절제.
22. 아세필린, 아세틸디지티톡신류, 2-아미노-4-피콜린, 암리논, 벤푸로딜, 헤미숙시네이트, 부클라스데신, 세르베로시드, 캄포타미드, 콘발라톡신, 시마린, 데노파민, 데스라노시드, 디탈린, 디지탈리스, 디지톡신, 디곡신, 도부타민, 도파민, 도펙사민, 에녹시몬, 에리트로플레인, 페날코민, 지탈린, 지톡신, 글리코시아민, 헵타미놀, 히드라스티닌, 이보파민, 라노토디세스, 메타미밤, 밀리논, 네르이폴린, 올레안드린, 오우아바인, 옥시페드린, 프라조신, 프레날테롤, 프로실라리딘, 레시부포게닌, 실라렌, 실라레닌, 스트로판틴, 설마졸, 테오브로민 및 크사모테롤 같은 강심제.
23. 데페로즈민, 디티오카르브 소듐, 에데테이트 칼슘 디소듐, 에데테이트 디소듐, 에데에이트 소듐, 에데테이트 트리소듐, 페니실라민, 펜테테이트 칼슘 트리소듐, 펜텍트산, 숙시머 및 트리엔틴 같은 킬레이트제.
24. 콜린, 아세틸콜린, 메타콜린, 카르바콜, 베탄콜, 필로카핀, 무스카린 및 아레콜린과 같은 콜린성 작동물질.
25. 브로모크립틴, 도펙사민, 페놀도팜, 이보파민, 리수라이드, 낙사골라이드 및 페르골라이드 같은 도파민 수용체.
26. 플루메시놀 같은 간장 효소 유도제.
27. 에스트로겐 :
벤즈에스트롤, 브로파로에스트롤, 클로로트리아니센, 디엔에스트롤, 디에틸스틸베스트롤, 디에틸스틸베스트롤 디프로피오네이트, 디메스트롤, 포스페스트롤, 헥세스트롤, 메탈렌스트릴 및 메테스트롤 같은 비스테로이드계 에스트로겐; 및
콜포르몬, 공액 에스트로겐성 호르몬, 이퀼레닌, 이퀼린, 에스테르화된 에스트로겐, 에스트라디올, 에스트라디올 벤조에이트, 17β-에스트라디올, 에스트라디올 17β-시피오네이트, 에스트리올, 에스트론, 에스트로피페이트, 에티닐 에스트라디올, 에티닐에스트레놀, 메스트라놀, 목세스트롤, 미타트리엔디올, 퀴네스트라디올 및 퀴네스트롤 같은 스테로이드성 에스트로겐.
28. 21-아세톡시프레프네노론, 아알클로메타손, 알제스톤, 아미시노니드, 베클로메타손, 베타메타손, 부데소니드, 클로로프레드니손, 클로베타솔, 블로베타손, 클로코르톨론, 클로프레드놀, 코르티코스테론, 코르티손, 코르티바졸, 데플라자코르트, 데소니드, 데속시메타손, 덱사메타손, 디플로라손, 디플루코르톨론, 디플루프레드네이트, 에녹소론, 플루아자코르트, 플루클로로니드, 플루메타손, 플루니솔리드, 플루오시놀론 아세토나이드, 플루오시노나이드, 플루오코르틴 부틸, 플루오코르톨론, 플루오로메토론, 플루페로론 아세테이트, 플루프레드니덴 아세테이트, 플루프레드니솔론, 플루안드레놀라이드, 포르모코르탈, 할시노나이드, 할로메타손, 할로프레돈 아세테이트, 하이드로코르타메이트, 하이드로코르티손, 하이드로코르티손 아세테이트, 하이드로코르티손 포스페이트, 하이드로코르티손 21-소듐 숙시네이트, 하이드로코르티손 테부테이트, 마지프레돈, 메드리손, 메프레드니손, 메티올프레드니솔론, 모메타손 푸로에이트, 파라메타손, 프레드니카르베이트, 프레드니솔론, 프레드니솔론 21-디에틸아미노아세테이트, 프레드니손 소듐 포스페이트, 프레드니솔론 소듐 숙시네이트, 프레드니솔론 소듐 21-m-설포벤조에이트, 프레드니솔론 21-스테아로일글리콜레이트, 프레드니솔론 테부테이트, 프레드니솔론 21-트리메틸아세테이트, 프레드니손, 프레드니발, 프레드닐리덴, 프레드닐리덴 21-디에틸아미노아세테이트, 틱소코르탈, 트리암시놀론, 트리암시놀론 아세토나이드, 트리암시놀론 베네토나이드 및 트리암시놀론 헥스아세토나이드 같은 글루코코르티코이드류.
29. 알도스테론, 데옥시코르티코스테론, 데옥시코르티코스테론 아세테이트 및 플루드로코르티손 같은 미네랄코르티코이드류.
30. 데프레닐, 이프로클로지드, 이프로니아지드, 이소카르복사지드, 모클로베미드, 옥토목신, 파르질린, 페넬진, 페녹시프로파진, 피발릴벤즈히드라진, 프로디핀, 톨록사톤 및 트라닐시프로마인 같은 모노아민 옥시다제 억제제.
31. 아플로쿠알론, 알큐로늄, 아트라큐륨 베실레이트, 바클로펜, 벤즈옥타민, 벤조퀴노늄 클로라이드, C-카레바신, 카리소프로돌, 클로르메자논, 클로르페네신 카르바메이트, 클로르프로에타진, 클로족사존, 큐라레, 시클라바메이트, 시클로벤자프린, 단트롤렌, 데카메토늄 브로마이드, 디아제팜, 에페리손, 파자디늄 브로마이드, 플루메트라미드, 갈라민 트리에티오다이드, 헥사카르바콜린 브로마이드, 헥사플루오레늄 브로마이드, 이드로실아미드, 라우엑슘 메틸 설페이트, 렙토닥틸린, 메만틴, 메페네신, 메페녹사론, 메탁사론, 메토카르바몰, 메토큐린 아이오다이드, 니메타제팜, 오르페나드린, 판큐로늄 브로마이드, 펜프로바메이트, 페니르아미돌, 피페큐륨 브로마이드, 프로목소란, 퀴닌설페이트, 스티라메이트, 숙시닐콜린 브로마이드, 숙시닐콜린 클로라이드, 숙시닐콜린 아이오딘, 숙스에토늄 브로마이드, 테트라제팜, 티오콜키코시드, 티자니딘, 톨페리손, 투보큐라린 클로라이드, 베큐로늄 브로마이드 및 족소라민 같은 근육(골격계) 이완제.
32.아미페나졸, 시클라조신, 레발로판, 나디드, 날름펜, 날노르핀, 날노르핀 디니코티네이트, 날록손 및 날트렉손 같은 마취성 길항제.
33. 알릴에스트레놀, 아나제스톤, 클로르마디논 아세테이트, 델마디논 아세테이트, 데메제스톤, 데소게스트렐, 디메티스테론, 디드로제스테론, 에티스테론, 에티노디올, 에티노디올 디아세테이트, 플루로제스톤 아세테이트, 제스토덴, 제스토노론 카프로에이트, 할로프로제스테론, 17-히드록시-16-메틸렌-프로제스테론, 17a-히드록시프로제스테론, 17α-히드록시제스테론 카프로에이트, 히드록시프로제스테론카프로에이트, 리네스트레놀, 메드로제스톤, 메드록시프로제스테론, 메드록시제스테론 아세테이트, 메제스트롤 아세테이트, 멜렌제스트롤, 노르에틴드론, 노르에틴드론 아세테이트, 노르에티노드렐, 노르제스테론, 노르제스티메이트, 노르제스트렐, 노르제스트리에논, 19-노르프로제스테론, 노르비니스테론, 펜타제스트론, 프로제스테론, 프로메제스톤, 퀸제스트론 및 트렌제스톤 및 이의 에스테르 같은 프로제스토겐류.
34. 아모트리펜, 벤다졸, 벤푸로딜, 헤미숙시네이트, 벤즈아이오다론, 클로아시진, 크로모나르, 클로벤푸롤, 클로니트레이트, 딜라젭, 디피리다몰, 드로프레닐아민, 에플록세이트, 에리트리톨, 에리트리틸 테트라니트레이트, 에타페논, 펜딜린, 플로레딜, 강글레펜, 헥세스트롤 비스(β-디에틸아미노에틸 에테르), 헥소벤딘, 이트라민 토실레이트, 켈린, 리도플라진, 만니톨 헥사니트레이트, 메디바진,니코란딜, 니트로글리세린, 펜타에리트리톨 테트라니트레이트, 펜트리니트롤, 퍼헥실린, 피메필린, 프레닐아민, 프로파틸 니트레이트, 피리도필린, 트라피일, 트리크로밀, 트리메타지딘, 트롤니트레이트 포스페이트 및 비스나딘 같은 (관상형) 혈관확장제; 및 알루미늄 니코티네이트, 바메탄, 벤시클레인, 베타히스틴, 브라디키닌, 브로빈카민, 버포니오드, 버플로메딜, 부탈아민, 세티에딜, 시클로니케이트, 시네파지드, 신나리진, 시클란델레이트, 디이소프로필아민 디클로르아세테이트, 엘레도이신, 페녹시딜, 플루나리신, 헤로니케이트, 이펜프로딜, 이노시톨 니아시네이트, 이속수프린, 칼리딘, 칼리크레인, 목시실리트, 나프로닐, 니카메테이트, 니세르골린, 니코푸라노즈, 니코틴, 니코티닐 알콜, 닐리드린, 파파베린, 펜티필린, 펜톡시필린, 피리베딜, 프로글란딘 E1, 술록티딜 및 크산티날 니아시네이트 같은 말초 혈관 확장제.
약물 및 이의 혼합물은 어떠한 형태가 최적의 전달 특성을 산출하는지 여부에 따라 다양한 형태의 조성물로 제공될 수 있다. 따라서, 약물의 경우에, 그 약물은 유리 염기 또는 산의 형태로, 또는 염, 에스테르 또는 기타 약리학적으로 허용되는 유도체의 형태로, 또는 분자 복합체의 성분으로서 존재할 수 있다.
조성물내로 혼입되는 약물의 양은 특정 약물, 소정의 치료 효과, 및 치료 요법을 제공하기 위해 기구를 사용하는 처치시간에 좌우된다. 대부분의 약물에 있어서, 피부를 통한 약물의 전달 단계는 전달 양상면에서 속도 제한 단계이다. 따라서, 약물의 양과 방출 속도는 장시간동안 0차의 시간 의존도를 특징으로 하는 경피전달을 제공할 수 있도록 선택하는 것이 일반적이다. 시스템내에 제공되는 약물의 최소량은 치료 요법에서 기구를 사용하는 처치시간내에 피부를 통과하는 약물의 양에 따라 선택한다. 통상, 시스템내의 약물의 양은 약 0.1 중량% 내지 약 50 중량%이며, 최적의 양은 본 발명에 의해 허용되는 저용량의 약물에 대해서는 약 0.3중량% 내지 약 30중량%이다.
물론, 경피 약물 전달 시스템의 조성물은 피부를 통한 약물의 전달을 촉진하는 것으로 공지된 작용제(agent)를 추가로 함유할 수 있다. 이러한 작용제는 피부침투 증강제, 촉진제, 보조제 및 수착조제(sorption promoter)라고도 지칭되며, 본 명세서에서는 이들을 "증강제"로서 총칭한다. 이러한 부류의 작용제에는 다양한 작용 메카니즘을 가진 것들이 포함되는데, 그 예로서는 다중의 중합체내에서 약물의 용해도 및 확산도를 증가시키는 작용을 가진 작용제 및 예컨대 각질층의 수분 보유 능을 변화시키거나, 피부를 부드럽게 하거나, 피부의 투과성을 향상시키거나, 침투조제 또는 모낭 개방제로서 작용하거나, 또는 계면층을 포함하는 피부의 상태를 변화시킴으로써 경피 흡수를 향상시키는 작용제를 들 수 있다. 이러한 작용제들중 일부는 하나 이상의 작용 메카니즘을 가지고 있지만, 본질적으로 이들은 약물의 전달을 증가시키는 작용을 한다. 증강제는 약물 전달 시스템내에 약 20 중량% 이하의 양으로 포함될 수 있다. 증강제가 포함되는 경우, 그 증강제는 약 1 중량% 내지 약 10 중량%의 양으로 제공되는 것이 바람직하다. 증강제의 일부 예로서는 약물 용해도를 증가시키는 다가 알콜, 예컨대 디프로필렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜; 올리브유, 스쿠알렌 및 라놀린과 같은 오일; 세틸 에테르 및 올레일에테르와 같은 지방족 에테르 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 에테르; 약물 확산도를 증가시키는 지방산 에스테르, 예컨대 이소프로필 미리스테이트; 올레일 알콜과 같은 지방산 알콜; 케라틴의 수분 보유능에 영향을 미치는 우레아 및 우레아 유도체, 예컨대 알란토인; 케라틴 투과성에 영향을 미치는 극성 용매, 예컨대 디메틸데실포스폭사이드, 메틸옥틸설폭사이드, 디메틸라우릴아미드, 도데실피롤리돈, 이소소르비톨, 디메틸아세토나이드, 디메틸설폭사이드, 데실메틸설폭사이드 및 디메틸포름아미드; 케라틴을 연화시키는 살리실산; 침투조제인 아미노산; 모낭 개방제인 벤질 니코티네이트; 및 투여되는 약물과 피부의 표면 상태를 변화시키는 고분자량 지방족 계면활성제, 예컨대 라우릴 황산염을 들 수 있다. 기타 작용제의 예로서는 올레산과 리놀레산, 아스코르빈산, 판테놀, 부틸화 히드록시톨루엔, 토코페롤, 토코페릴 아세테이트, 토코페릴 리놀레이트, 프로필 올레이트, 이소프로필 팔미테이트, 올레아미드, ICI 아메리카즈, 인코오포레이티드에서 상표명 Brij 30, 93 및 97 로서 시판하는 폴리옥시에틸렌 (4) 라우릴 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 (2) 올레일 에테르 및 폴리옥시에틸렌 (10) 올레일 에테르, 및 ICI 아메리카즈, 인코오포레이티드에서 상표명 Tween 20으로 시판하는 폴리소르베이트 20을 들 수 있다.
본 발명의 특정 실시양태에서는, 가소제 또는 점도부여제를 제제내로 혼입하여 감압 접착제 조성물의 접착 성능을 향상시킨다. 점도부여제는 약물이 중합체를 가소화시키지 않는 경우에 특히 유용하다. 적당한 점도부여제가 당해 기술 분야에 공지되어 있으며, 그 예로서는 (1) 지방족 탄화수소; (2) 혼합 지방족 및 방향족 탄화수소; (3) 방향족 탄화수소; (4) 치환된 방향족 탄화수소; (5) 수소첨가된 에스테르; (6) 폴리테르펜; 및 (7) 수소첨가된 목재 수지 또는 로진을 들 수 있다. 사용된 점도부여제는 중합체 배합물과 화합성인 것이 바람직하다. 바람직한 실시양태에 있어서, 점도부여제는 실리콘액(예: 미시간주, 미드랜드에 소재하는 다우 코닝 코오포레이션에서 시판되는 360 Medical Fluid) 또는 광유이다. 실리콘액은 폴리실록산을 주성분으로 하는 배합물에 유용하다. 다른 실시양태에 있어서, 예를 들면 합성 고무를 주성분으로 하는 경우에는 광유가 바람직한 점도부여제이다. 아크릴계 화합물은 올레이트, 올레산, 올레일 알콜 및 기타 지방산계의 작용제로 점도부여할 수 있다.
혈관 확장제인 니트로글리세린과 같은 일부의 약물은 조성물내에서 가소제로서 작용하는데, 그 이유는 그 약물들이 그 시스템에 포함되는 중합체중에 특정한 정도까지 용해될 수 있기 때문이다. 중합체 시스템중에 쉽게 용해될 수 없는 약물 분자에 대해서는, 약물 및 중합체에 대한 보조용매를 첨가할 수 있다. 본 발명을 실시함에 있어서 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템내의 약물의 용해도에 따라 레시틴, 레티놀유도체, 토코페롤, 디프로필렌 글리콜, 트리아세틴, 프로필렌 글리콜, 포화 및 불포화 지방산, 광유, 실리콘액, 알콜, 부틸 벤질 프탈레이트등과 같은 보조용매가 유용하다.
요약하면, 고무 및 폴리아크릴레이트 실시양태에 대한 바람직한 최적의 조성물은 다음과 같다:
[표 I]
본 발명의 조성물은 각종의 농축제, 충전제 및 경피 약물 전달 시스템에 유용한 것으로 공지된 기타 첨가제를 추가로 포함할 수 있다. 조성물이 물을 흡수하는 경향이 있는 경우, 예를 들어 레시틴을 보조용매로서 사용하는 경우 친수성 물질이 특히 유용하다. 성공적으로 사용되는 친수성 물질의 일례는 점토이다. 점토를 첨가하면 약물 전달 속도를 감소시키는 일 없이 경피 배합물의 접착성이 향상되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 적당한 점토의 예로서는 바올리나이트, 아나크사이트, 딕카이트 및 나크라이트와 같은 카올리나이트류; 몬트모릴로나이트, 벤토나이트, 베르델라이트 및 몬트로나이트와 같은 몬트모릴로나이트류; 일라이트 및 글라우코나이트와 같은 일라이트/무스코바이트류; 클로라이트류; 아타풀가이트, 할로이사이트, 메타볼로이사이트, 알로판 및 알루미늄 실리케이트 점토와 같은 폴리고르사이트류를 들 수 있다.
본 발명의 기구에 있어서, 감압 접착제 조성물은 임의의 경피 전달 시스템(예; 수용기 기구)의 접착제 부분으로서 사용되거나, 또는 감압 접착제 조성물은 접착제 모놀리식 기구를 포함할 수 있다. 물론, 본 발명의 원리는 경피 약물 전달 조성물이 감압 접착제가 아닌 약물 저장기를 포함하는 경우에도 여전히 적용될 것이다.
도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명의 접착제 모놀리식 기구(10)가 도시되어 있다. 경피형 약물 전달 시스템은 일정한 기하학적 형상으로 된 모놀리식 체(11)를 포함하며, 모놀리식 체(11)의 한 측면상에는 보호용 박리 라이너(12)가, 다른 한 측면상에는 지지체 층(13)이 제공되어 있다. 박리 라이너(12)를 제거하면 감압성 다중 중합체 접착제 조성물이 노출되며, 이 조성물은 약물 담체 매트릭스로서, 그리고 환자에게 시스템을 부착시키기 위한 수단으로서 작용한다.
본 발명의 기구, 또는 개별 용량 유닛은 당분야에 공지된 임의의 방식으로 제조할 수 있다. 그 예로는 피부용 조성물을 제조한 후에, 이를 당분야에 공지된 임의의 방식으로 지지체 층과 접촉시키는 것이다. 이와 같은 기법으로는 캘린더 코팅, 핫멜트 코팅, 용액 코팅등을 들 수 있다. 물론, 지지체 재료도 당해 기술분야에 공지된 것이며, 그 예로는 폴리에틸렌, 비닐 아세테이트 수지, 폴리에스테르, 폴리프로필렌, BAREX?, 에틸렌/비닐 아세테이트 공중합체, 폴리비닐 클로라이드, 폴리우레탄 등, 금속박, 부직물, 직물, 이들의 동시압출물 또는 적층물 및 시판되는 적층물이 포함된다. 지지체 재료는 통상 2 내지 1000 마이크로미터 범위의 두께를 갖는 것이 일반적이며, 피부용 조성물은 대개 약 12 내지 250 마이크로미터 범위의 두께로 지지체 재료상에 배치된다.
적당한 박리 라이너가 당해 기술분야에 공지되어 있으며, 그 예로는 릴리이즈 인터내쇼날에서 상표명 BIO-Release?라이너 및 Syl-off?7610 라이너로서 시판되는 제품을 들 수 있다. 폴리실록산이 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템의 성분으로서 사용되는 바람직한 실시양태에 있어서, 박리 라이너는 실리콘 접착제와 상용될 수 있어야 한다. 적당한 시판 라이너의 예는 3M 의 1022 ScotchPak 이다.
본 발명의 경피 전달 시스템의 형상은 필요에 따라서 임의의 형상 또는 크기를 취할 수 있다. 일예로서, 단독 용량 유닛은 1 내지 200 cm2의 표면적을 가질 수 있다. 바람직한 크기는 5 내지 60 cm2이다.
본 발명의 방법에 있어서, 다른 용해도 매개변수를 가진 다수의 중합체들을용해성 PVP와 함께 배합하면(화학적으로 반응시키거나 가교시키지는 않음), 혼입된 약물을 표피를 통해 표피내로 조절 전달하는 감압 접착제 조성물을 제조할 수 있다. 중합체들의 배합으로 말미암아 중합체 시스템내에 약물의 포화 농도가 조정되므로, 경피성 약물의 전달 속도를 선택적으로 조절할 수가 있다 "배합"이란 용어는 소정의 효과를 달성하기 위한 적절한 중합체 성분 및 이들의 비율을 선택하는 것까지도 포함하는 의미임은 물론이다.
본 발명의 바람직한 실시양태에 있어서, 경피형 약물 전달 시스템은 용해성 PVP, 폴리아크릴레이트, 폴리실록산, 약물, 보조용매(들), 및 점도부여제를, 필요하다면 적절한 휘발성 용매(들)중에서 혼합한 후에, 그 혼합물을 성형한뒤, 용매(들)를 증발 제거하여 필름을 형성시킴으로써 제조한다.
적당한 휘발성 용매로는 이소프로판올 및 에탄올과 같은 알콜: 크실렌 및 톨루엔과 같은 방향족 화합물; 헥산, 시클로헥산 및 헵탄과 같은 지방족 화합물; 및에틸 아세테이트 및 부틸 아세테이트와 같은 알칸산 에스테르를 들 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.
일반적인 제조방법의 일례를 들면 다음과 같다:
1. 용기내에서 적절한 양의 용해성 PVP, 용매(들), 증강제(들), 및 유기 용매(들) (예를 들면 톨루엔)을 배합하고 철저하게 혼합한다.
2. 이어서 약물을 상기 혼합물에 첨가하고 약물이 균일하게 혼합될때까지 교반시킨다.
3. 이어서 적절한 양의 폴리실록산 및 폴리아크릴레이트를 상기 약물 혼합물에 첨가하고 철저하게 혼합한다.
4. 이어서 제제를 코팅 처리작업으로 옮겨서 제제를 특정의 조절된 두께로 보호용 박리 라이너상에 코팅한다. 이어서 코팅된 생성물을 오븐에 통과시켜서 모든 휘발성 처리 용매를 제거한다.
5. 이어서 박리 라이너상의 건조된 생성물을 지지체 재료에 결합시키고 로울로 권취하여 보관한다.
6. 상기 로울 재료로부터 적절한 크기와 형상의 "시스템"을 다이 절단한 후에 포장재에 넣는다.
단계들의 순서, 성분들의 함량, 및 교반 또는 혼합 시간 및 정도는 제제에 사용된 특정 중합체, 약물, 보조용매 및 증강제에 따라 달라질 수 있는 중요한 공정변수들일 수 있다. 이들 인자들은 균일한 생성물을 제공하도록 유지되면서 당 분야의 숙련자에 의해 조정될 수 있다. 단계들의 순서중 일부를 변경하는 것을 포함하여 다수의 다른 방법을 수행하여, 바람직한 결과를 얻을 수도 있다. 게다가, 다른 형상외에도 용량 유닛은 여러가지 크기로 제조될 수도 있다. 1 내지 200 cm2범위의 표면적이 본 발명에 포함될 수 있으며, 바람직한 크기는 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 및 60 cm2이다.
상기 PVP는 분자량 범위가 바람직하게는 약 2,000 내지 1,100,000, 더욱 바람직하게는 2,000 내지 1,000,000, 더욱 더 바람직하게는 5,000 내지 100,000, 가장 바람직하게는 7,000 내지 54,000 이다.
바람직한 실시태양은 감압성 접착 고무를 갖는 용해성 PVP 및 폴리아크릴레이트를 포함한다. 특히, 바람직한 배합물로는 폴리아크릴레이트, 폴리실록산 및 용해성 PVP의 배합물을 들 수 있다.
용해성 PVP는 본 발명에 따른 접착제형 경피성 약물 전달 시스템에서 약물의 가용화에 매우 유효한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히, 용해성 PVP는 노르에틴드론 아세테이트(NETA) 시스템 및 NETA/에스트라디올 시스템을 거의 결정이 없는 상태로 유지시키는데 유용하다고 밝혀졌다. 본 발명에 따라 용해성 PVP가 특히 유용하게 사용되는 다른 특정 약물로는 알부테롤, 에스트라디올, 할로페리돌 및 알프라졸람을 들 수 있다.
전술한 바람직한 실시태양에서 필요로 하는 용해성 PVP의 함량 및 종류는 접착제의 종류 뿐만 아니라, 접착제내에 존재하는 약물의 양과 종류에 따라 달라진다. 예를들면, 약물과 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제의 혼합물에 고무 접착제를 첨가하는 것은 과포화의 결과로서 약물 용해도와 이에 따른 약물 결정화를 저하시킬 것이다. 그러나, 상기 혼합물에 용해성 PVP를 첨가하는 것은 약물의 겉보기 용해도를 증가시킬 수 있다. 환언하면, 고무 접착제의 존재는 혼합물의 용해성 약물 장입량을 감소시키는 반면, 용해성 PVP의 존재는 이러한 역효과를 보완한다.
따라서, 경피형 약물 전달 시스템내의 용해성 PVP의 최적 농도는 고무 접착제에 의해 유발되는 약물 용해도의 저하를 보완하기에 충분한 함량이다. 용해성 PVP의 최적 농도는 통상의 실험법에 통해 용이하게 측정할 수 있다. 통상적으로, PVP는 약 1 내지 약 20 중량%, 더욱 바람직하게는 약 3 내지 약 15 중량%, 최적량으로는 약 5 내지 약 15 중량%의 함량으로 존재한다.
예를들면, 약물이 노르에틴드론 아세테이트(NSTA)인 경우에, 최적 농도인 약 10 중량%의 용해성 PVP는 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템(폴리아크릴레이트/폴리실록산)으로부터 NETA 유동에 악영향을 미치지 않으면서 NETA의 결정 형성을 억제하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 약물이 에스트라디올인 경우에, 제제내에 5 내지 10 중량%의 용해성 PVP를 포함한 것은 에스트라디올의 유동을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라, 피부를 통과하는 에스트라디올의 총량도 증가시킨다. 약물이 알부테롤인 경우에, 최적 농도는 약 5 중량%인 것으로 밝혀졌다.
다량의 용해성 PVP는 약물의 유동을 감소시키는 원인이 될 수 있다. 예를들면, PVP가 약 20 중량%를 초과하는 함량으로 존재하는 경우에, NETA 유동은 감소되기 시작한다.
본 발명에 따라 사용된 용해성 PVP는 본 발명의 배합물에 존재하는 1종 이상의 부가 중합체 물질과 함께 용해된다.
용해성 PVP의 유형 및 함량은 또한 최종 생성물의 접착 특성에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 고전단 특성을 가진 접착제의 경우에는, 저분자량 용해성 PVP를 포함하는 것이 바람직한 반면, 저전단 접착제의 경우에는 고분자량의 용해성 PVP가 바람직하다.
이하 구체적인 실시예들은 본 발명의 범위내에서, 감압 접착제 조성물 및 경피형 약물 전달 시스템, 및 이의 제조 방법을 예시하고 있다. 그러나, 이들 실시예들에 의해 본 발명의 범위가 제한되어서는 안된다.
이하 실시예의 다중 중합체 접착제 시스템을 포함하는 배합물에 사용한 시판용 접착제의 예는 다음과 같다.
미합중국 뉴저지 브릿지워터에 소재한 내셔날 스타치 앤드 케미칼 코오포레이숀에서 시판하는 유기 용액에 용해된 아크릴계 접착제(폴리아크릴레이트류)로서, 상표명 Duro-Tak 80-1194, 80-1196, 80-1054, 80-1074, 80-1058, 80-2434, 80-1070, 80-6172, 80-1197, 87-2287, 87-2516 및 87-2852가 있다.
미합중국 미시간 미드랜드에 소재한 다우 코닝 코오포레이숀, 메디칼 프로덕츠에서 시판하는 유기 용액에 용해된 실리콘 접착제(폴리실록산류)로서, 상표명 BIO-PSA X7-3027, X7-4919, X7-2685, X7-3122, X7-4603, X7-4301, X7-4303, Q7-4503, Q7-4501 및 Q7-4502가 있다. 이중에서도, 특히 BIO-PSA X7-4303은 하기 실시예에서와 같이, 알부테롤 및 필로카르핀과 같은 아민 작용성 약물을 함유한 제제에 사용하기에 적합하다.
미합중국 미주리 세인트 루이스에 소재한 몬산토 컴패니에서 시판하는 유기용액에 용해된 아크릴계 접착제로서, 상표명 Gelva-Multipolymer Solution(GMS) 737, 788, 1151, 1753, 1430 및 2480이 있다.
미합중국 텍사스 휴스톤에 소재한 엑손 케미칼 컴패니에서 시판하는, 플로리(Flory) 분자량이 42,600 내지 46,100인 폴리이소부틸렌 중합체로서, 상표명 Vistanex LM-LS-LC가 있다.
전술한 중합체 접착제는 하기에 제시한 고형물 중량%를 가진 용액으로 제조하거나 또는 공급받았다.
다우 코닝 코오포레이숀에서 시판하는 폴리디메틸실록산 유체로는 상표명 "360 메디칼 플루이드(Medical Fluid)"가 있다. 본 발명의 특정 실시태양에서, 점착부여제로서 360 메디칼 플루이드를 첨가하여 최종 생성물의 접착 특성을 향상시켰다.
[실시예 1]
1.0중량부의 에스트라디올, 6.0중량부의 디프로필렌 글리콜, 8.0중량부의 올레산, 35.0중량부의 톨루엔, 5.0중량부의 폴리비닐피롤리돈(콜리돈 30), 및 129.03중량부의 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제(GMS 737)를 적당한 용기에서 혼합하고, 그 혼합물이 완전히 균질해질 때까지 잘 혼합시켜서 에스트라디올-중합체 혼합물을 제조하였다. 이어서, 66.67중량부의 폴리실록산 접착제(BIO-PSA Q7-4503)를 첨가하고, 그 배합물을 고루 혼합시켰다. 산출된 조성물의 성분 농도는 무수량을 기준으로 할때(즉, 휘발 처리 용매를 제거한 후) 하기와 같았다.
하기 실시예에서, 실시예 1의 방법을 적당량의 출발 물질과 함께 사용하여하기 성분 농도를 갖는 조성물을 얻었다.
실시예 2 및 3의 시스템으로부터 시험관내에서 사람의 표피를 통과하는 에스트라디올 투과율은 도 3에 나타내었다. 이 그래프는 본 발명의 제제가 시판용 에스트라디올 제품인 Estraderm?보다 현저히 많은 에스트라디올을 전달함을 보여준다.
[실시예 4]
0.05중량부의 에스트라디올, 3.0중량부의 노르에틴드론 아세테이트, 4.0중량부의 디프로필렌 글리콜, 6.0중량부의 올레산, 10.0중량부의 톨루엔, 10.0중량부의 폴리비닐피롤리돈(콜리돈 30), 1.0중량부의 부틸화 히드록시아니솔 및 62.0중량부의 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제(GMS 737)를 적당한 용기에서 혼합시키고, 그 혼합물이 완전히 균질해질 때까지 잘 혼합시켜서 에스트라디올/노르에틴드론 아세테이트-중합체 혼합물을 제조하였다. 이어서, 93.0중량부의 폴리실록산 접착제(BIO-PSA Q7-4503)를 첨가하고, 그 배합물을 고루 혼합시켰다. 산출된 조성물의 성분 농도는 무수량을 기준으로 할때, 즉, 휘발 처리 용매를 제거한 후 하기와 같았다.
하기 실시예에서는, 실시예 4의 방법을 적당량의 출발 물질과 함께 사용하여 하기 성분 농도를 갖는 조성물을 얻었다.
실시예 4 내지 11의 시스템(0.05 내지 1.0중량% 에스트라디올)으로부터 시험관내에서 사람의 표피를 통해 흐르는 에스트라디올 유속을 도 4에 나타내었다. 이 그래프는 에스트라디올의 농도를 변화시킴으로써 본 발명의 제제에 의해 광범위한 에스트라디올의 유속을 얻을 수 있음을 보여준다. 노르에틴드론 아세테이트 유속은 에스트라디올 농도에 의해 영향을 받지 않았으며, 약 0.8 μg/hr 로 일정하였다 (도 5 참조).
[실시예 12]
0.2중량부의 에스트라디올, 3.0중량부의 노르에틴드론 아세테이트, 4.0중량부의 디프로필렌 글리콜, 6.0중량부의 올레산, 60.0중량부의 톨루엔, 0.0중량부의 폴리비닐피롤리돈(콜리돈 30), 1.0중량부의 부틸화 히드록시아니솔 및 64.52중량부의 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제(GMS 737)를 적당한 용기에서 혼합하고, 그 혼합물이 완전히 균질해질 때까지 잘 혼합시켜서 에스트라디올/노르에틴드론 아세테이트-중합체 혼합물을 제조하였다. 이어서, 93.0중량부의 폴리실록산 접착제(BIO-PSA Q7-4503)를 첨가하고, 그 혼합물을 고루 혼합시켰다. 산출된 조성물의 성분 농도는 무수량을 기준으로 할 때, 즉 오븐에서 휘발 처리 용매를 제거한 후, 하기와 같았다.
하기 실시예에서는, 실시예 12의 방법을 적당량의 출발 물질과 함께 사용하여 하기 성분 농도를 갖는 조성물을 얻었다.
[실시예 15]
도 6은 다양한 농도의 폴리비닐피롤리돈(0 내지 10중량%)을 갖는 시스템이 실시예 6, 12 내지 14와 거의 동일한 약물(에스트라디올 및 노르에틴드론 아세테이트) 유속을 가짐을 나타낸다. 그러나, 폴리비닐피롤리돈은 이들 시스템의 약물 재결정화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 즉, 결정 형성율은 폴리비닐피롤리돈 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다(표 III).
[표 III]
결정 형성에 대한 폴리비닐피롤리돈의 효과
[실시예 16]
적합한 용기 내에서 이소소르바이드 디니트레이트 20.0 중량부, 디프로필렌글리콜 4.0 중량부, 올레산 4.0 중량부, 폴리비닐피롤리돈(콜리돈 30) 10.0 중량부 및 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제(듀로-택 80-1196) 67.0 중량부를 혼합하여 이소소르바이드 디니트레이트-중합체 혼합물을 제조하고, 혼합물이 완전히 균일해질 때까지 잘 혼합하여 이소소르바이드 디니트레이트-중합체 혼합물을 제조하였다. 본 실시예에서, 이소소르바이드 디니트레이트는 톨루엔 내에서 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제와 함께 혼합된 용액으로 첨가된다. 그후, 폴리실록산 접착제(BIO-PSA Q7-4503) 53.0 중량부를 첨가하고, 그 배합물을 완전히 혼합하였다. 이어서 생성되는 조성물은 "무수" 중량을 기준하여, 즉 오븐내에서 휘발성 처리 용매를 제거한 후의 중량을 기준으로할때 하기 농도의 성분을 보유하였다.
[실시예 17]
적합한 용기 내에서 노르에틴드론 아세테이트 3.0 중량부, 디프로필렌 글리콜 4.0 중량부, 올레산 6.0 중량부, 톨루엔 60.0 중량부, 폴리비닐피롤리돈(콜리돈 VA 64) 10.0 중량부, 부틸화된 히드록시아니솔 1.0 중량부 및 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제(GMS 737) 64.52 중량부를 혼합하고, 완전히 균질해질 때까지 잘 혼합하여, 노르에틴드론 아세테이트-중합체 혼합물을 제조하였다. 그후, 폴리실록산 접착제(BIO-PSA X7-4603) 95.00 중량부를 첨가하고, 그 배합물을 철저히 혼합하였다. 이어서 생성된 조성물은 "무수" 중량을 기준으로 하여, 즉 휘발성 처리 용매를 제거한 후의 중량을 기준으로 할때 하기하는 농도의 성분을 보유하였다. 하기 구체예는 노르에틴드론 아세테이트 2.0 내지 3.0중량%를 함유하지만, 바람직한 범위는 약 1 내지 약 12 중량%이다.
하기 실시예에서, 실시예 17의 방법은 적합한 양의 출발 물질을 이용하여 하기와 같은 성분 농도를 갖는 조성물을 얻었다.
[실시예 26]
[실시예 27]
적합한 용기 내에서 에스트라디올 2.0 중량부, 디프로필렌 글리콜 4.0 중량부, 올레산 4.0 중량부, 레시틴 3.0 중량부 및 폴리비닐피롤리돈(콜리돈 17PF) 5.0 중량부를 혼합하고, 완전히 균질해 질 때까지 잘 혼합하여 에스트라디올-중합체 혼합물을 제조했다. 본 실시예에서, 에스트라디올은 폴리이소부틸렌(비스타넥스 LM-LS-LC) 67.0중량부와 함께 첨가(톨루엔 내에 함께 혼합된 용액으로)하였다. 그후, 폴리실록산 접착제(BIO-PSA X7-4301) 124.0 중량부를 첨가하고, 그 배합물을 철저히 혼합하였다. 이어서 생성된 조성물은 "무수" 중량을 기준으로 할때, 즉 휘발성 처리 용매를 제거한 후의 중량을 기준으로 할때 하기하는 농도의 성분을 보유하였다.
하기 실시예에서는, 실시예 27의 방법과 함께 적당한 양의 출발 물질을 이용하여 하기와 같은 성분 농도를 갖는 조성물을 얻었다.
[실시예 28]
[실시예 29]
[실시예 30]
적합한 용기 내에서 에스트라디올 1.6 중량부, 디프로필렌 글리콜 6.0 중량부, 올레산 8.0 중량부, 폴리비닐피롤리돈(콜리돈 30) 4.8 중량부, 폴리아크릴레이트 접착제(GMS 1430) 50.0 중량부, 폴리실록산 A 접착제(BIO-PSA X7-4603) 17.0 중량부 및 폴리실록산 B 접착제(BIO-PSA Q7-4503) 82.0 중량부를 혼합하고, 완전히 균질해질 때까지 잘 혼합하여 에스트라디올-중합체 혼합물을 제조했다. 이어서 생성된 조성물은 "무수" 중량을 기준으로 할때, 즉 휘발성 처리 용매를 제거한 후의중량을 기준으로 할때 하기하는 농도의 성분을 보유하였다.
하기 실시예에서, 실시예 30의 방법과 함께 적합한 양의 출발 물질을 이용하여 성분 농도가 하기하는 바와 같은 조성물을 얻었다.
[실시예 31]
[실시예 32]
[실시예 33]
이상, 본 발명을 특정 구체예 및 용도에 대해 기술하였지만, 본 명세서에 기술된 내용에 입각하여 당업자는 본 발명의 취지와 영역을 벗어나지 않는 범위내에서 또 다른 구체예를 실현할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 본 명세서의 설명 및 도면은 본 발명을 용이하게 이해하기에 적합한 것이며, 본 발명의 범위를 제한하는 것으로 생각해서는 아니된다.
Claims (19)
- (a) 전체 조성물의 5중량% 내지 97중량%의 양으로 존재하는 고무 접착제,(b) 전체 조성물의 1 중량% 내지 85 중량%의 양으로 존재하는 폴리아크릴레이트(이 때, 폴리아크릴레이트 대 고무 접착제의 비는 2:98 내지 96:4임),(c) 전체 조성물의 0.1중량% 내지 50중량%의 양으로 존재하고, 경피적으로 약물을 전달하기 위한 치료적 유효량의 1종의 약물 또는 2종 이상의 약물의 혼합물, 및(d) 전체 조성물의 1중량% 내지 20중량%의 양으로 존재하는 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈을 배합한 배합물을 포함하되,상기 약물 대 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈의 비가 1:10 내지 10:1이고,상기 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈의 양은 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈을 제외한 고무 접착제와 폴리아크릴레이트를 함유하는 조성물 중에서의 자신의 용해도를 초과하는 양으로 존재하는 약물을 모두 용해시키기에 충분한 양인 것인 경피형 약물 전달 시스템에 사용하기에 적합한 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 전체 조성물의 중량%를 기준으로 하여, 고무 접착제 성분으로서 폴리실록산 94중량% 내지 9중량%, 폴리아크릴레이트 1중량% 내지 85중량%, 폴리비닐피롤리돈 1중량% 내지 15중량%, 보조용매 0중량% 내지 20중량%, 증강제 0중량% 내지 15중량% 및 약물 0.3중량% 내지 30중량%를 함유하는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 폴리비닐피롤리돈이 7,000 내지 54,000의 분자량을 갖고, 5 내지 10중량%의 양으로 포함되는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 약물이 스테로이드, β2-아드레날린성 작동물질 및 차단제, 심활성제, 콜린 작동 물질, 신경안정제, 마취제, 진통제, 항종양제, 중추 신경계 작용 약물, 혈관확장약물, 항파킨슨병 약물, 항정신병 약물 및 비스테로이드성 소염 약물로 구성된 군중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제4항에 있어서, 2종 이상의 약물을 포함하는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 약물이 공액형 에스트로겐 호르몬, 에스테르화된 에스트로겐, 에스트로피페이트, 17β-에스트라디올, 이퀼린, 메스트라놀, 에스트론, 에스트리올, 에티닐 에스트라디올, 디에틸스틸베스트롤, 프로제스테론, 19-노르프로제스테론, 노르에틴드론, 노르에틴드론 아세테이트, 멜렌제스트롤, 클로르마디논,에티스테론, 메드록시프로제스테론 아세테이트, 히드록시프로제스테론 카프로에이트, 에티노디올 디아세테이트, 노르에티노드렐, 17α-히드록시프로제스테론, 디드로제스테론, 디메티스테론, 에티닐에스트레놀, 노르제스트렐, 데메제스톤, 프로메제스톤, 메제스트롤 아세테이트, 메타프로테레놀, 테르부탈린, 알부테롤, 카르부테롤, 리미테롤, 페노테롤, 소테레놀, 니트로글리세린, 이소소르바이드 디니트레이트, 이소소르바이드 모노니트레이트, 퀴니딘 설페이트, 프로케인아미드, 벤드로플루메티아지드, 벤즈티아지드, 클로로티아지드, 니페디핀, 니카디핀, 베라파밀, 딜티아젬, 티몰롤, 프로파놀롤, 캡토프릴, 클로니딘, 프라조신, 콜린, 아세틸콜린, 메타콜린, 카바콜, 베탄콜, 필로카핀, 무스카린, 아레콜린, 알프라졸람, 클로르디아즈에폭시드, 클로라젭테이트, 할라제팜, 옥사제팜, 프라제팜, 클로나제팜, 플루라제팜, 트리아졸람, 로라제팜, 디아제팜, 티오프로파제이트, 클로르프로마진, 트리플루프로마진, 메소리다진, 피페르아세타진, 티오리다진, 아세토페나진, 플루페나진, 퍼페나진, 트리플루오페라진, 클로르프로틱센, 티오틱센, 할로페리돌, 브롬페리돌, 록사핀, 몰리돈, 리도카인, 테트라카인, 다이클로닌, 디부카인, 프로카인, 메피바카인, 부피바카인, 에티도카인, 프릴로카인, 벤조카인, 펜타닐, 부프레노르핀, 코데인, 니코틴, 파파베린, 부토파놀, 히드로몰폰, 옥시몰폰, 메카밀아민, 디클로페낙, 페노프로펜, 플루르비프로펜, 이부프로펜, 케토프로펜, 나프록센, 피로식캄, δ-아미노-레불린산, 데프레닐, 세레질린, 부스피론, 리수리드, 플루옥세틴, 세르탈린, 퍼옥세틴, 브로모크립틴, 페르골라이드, 노르제스티메이트, 에티노디올 디아세테이트, 데소제스트렐, 이프사피론, 니플룸산, 에날라프릴, 에날라피렐렛,스코폴아민, 수마트립탄, 피소스티그민, 리바스티그민, 테스토스테론, 메틸 테스토스테론, 플루옥시메스테론, 메틸페니데이트, 미르타지핀, 로라타딘, 심바스타틴, 프라바스타틴, 세리바스타틴, 메티마졸, 알렌드란트, 에티드로네이트, 로피니롤 및 프라미펙솔로 구성된 군중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제5항에 있어서, 황체호르몬제와 에스트로겐의 혼합물을 포함하는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 폴리비닐피롤리돈이 유리 전이 온도가 약 -70 ℃ 내지 0 ℃인 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제5항에 있어서, 안드로겐성 스테로이드와 에스트로겐의 혼합물을 포함하는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제9항에 있어서, 안드로겐성 스테로이드가 테스토스테론 또는 메틸테스토스테론이고, 에스트로겐이 에티닐 에스트라디올, 메스트라놀 및 17β-에스트라디올로 구성된 군 중에서 선택되는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제5항에 있어서, 약물이 노르에틴드론과 노르에틴드론 아세테이트를 포함하는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 증강제, 충전제, 가소제, 점도부여제 및 보조용매로 구성된 군 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 첨가제를 더 포함하는 것이 특징인 감압 접착제 조성물.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 기재된 감압 접착제 조성물을 함유하는 일정 기하 형태의 시트를 포함하는 경피성 약물 전달 시스템.
- 제13항에 있어서, 개별 용량 유닛 형태인 것이 특징인 경피성 약물 전달 시스템.
- 제13항에 있어서, 조성물의 한쪽 표면 상에 적층된 지지체 물질 및 이 지지체의 반대편 조성물의 표면에 적층된 박리 라이너를 더 포함하고, 상기 지지체 물질을 통해서는 약물이 실질적으로 투과할 수 없는 것인 경피성 약물 전달 시스템.
- (a) 전체 조성물의 5중량% 내지 97중량%의 양으로 존재하는 고무 접착제,(b) 전체 조성물의 1 중량% 내지 85 중량%의 양으로 존재하는 폴리아크릴레이트(이 때, 폴리아크릴레이트 대 고무 접착제의 비는 2:98 내지 96:4임),(c) 전체 조성물의 0.1중량% 내지 50중량%의 양으로 존재하고, 경피적으로 약물을 전달하기 위한 치료적 유효량의 1종의 약물 또는 2종 이상의 약물의 혼합물, 및(d) 전체 조성물의 1중량% 내지 20중량%의 양으로 존재하는 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈을 배합한 배합물을 인간이 아닌 동물의 피부에 도포하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 약물 대 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈의 비가 1:10 내지 10:1이고,상기 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈의 양은 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈을 제외한 고무 접착제와 폴리아크릴레이트를 함유하는 조성물에 있어서 자신의 용해도를 초과하는 양으로 존재하는 약물을 모두 용해시키기에 충분한 양인 것인 경피적 약물 전달 방법.
- (a) 전체 조성물의 5중량% 내지 97중량%의 양으로 존재하는 고무 접착제,(b) 전체 조성물의 1 중량% 내지 85 중량%의 양으로 존재하는 폴리아크릴레이트(이 때, 폴리아크릴레이트 대 고무 접착제의 비는 2:98 내지 96:4임),(c) 전체 조성물의 0.1중량% 내지 50중량%의 양으로 존재하고, 경피적으로 약물을 전달하기 위한 치료적 유효량의 1종의 약물 또는 2종 이상의 약물의 혼합물, 및(d) 전체 조성물의 1중량% 내지 20중량%의 양으로 존재하는 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈을 배합하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 약물 대 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈의 비가 1:10 내지 10:1이고,상기 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈의 양은 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈을 제외한 고무 접착제와 폴리아크릴레이트를 함유하는 조성물에 있어서 자신의 용해도를 초과하는 양으로 존재하는 약물을 모두 용해시키기에 충분한 양인 것인 경피적 약물 전달용 감압 접착제 조성물의 제조 방법.
- (1) 합성 탄성 중합체, (2) 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈, (3) 경피적으로 약물을 전달하기 위한 치료적 유효량의 1종의 약물 또는 2종 이상의 약물의 혼합물 및 (4) 선택적으로 증강제, 충전제, 가소제, 점도부여제 및 보조용매로 구성된 군 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 첨가제를 배합한 배합물을 포함하는 것인 경피적 약물 전달 시스템에 사용하기에 적합한 감압 접착제 조성물.
- (1) 고무, (2) 용해성 폴리비닐피롤리돈, (3) 경피적으로 약물을 전달하기 위한 치료적 유효량의 1종의 약물 또는 2종 이상의 약물의 혼합물 및 (4) 선택적으로 증강제, 충전제, 가소제, 점도부여제 및 보조용매로 구성된 군 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 첨가제를 배합한 배합물을 포함하는 것인 경피적 약물 전달 시스템에 사용하기에 적합한 감압 접착제 조성물.
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- 1995-01-09 SG SG1996009524A patent/SG49331A1/en unknown
- 1995-01-09 DE DE69530177T patent/DE69530177T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-09 DK DK95906742T patent/DK0737066T3/da active
- 1995-01-09 JP JP51854095A patent/JP4339398B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1995-01-09 WO PCT/US1995/000022 patent/WO1995018603A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-01-09 PT PT95906742T patent/PT737066E/pt unknown
- 1995-01-09 ES ES95906742T patent/ES2196055T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1995-01-09 BR BRPI9506470-2B8A patent/BR9506470B8/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-09 HU HU9601856A patent/HU227814B1/hu unknown
- 1995-01-09 EP EP95906742A patent/EP0737066B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-09 AT AT95906742T patent/ATE235898T1/de active
- 1995-01-09 ZA ZA95108A patent/ZA95108B/xx unknown
- 1995-01-09 KR KR1019960703664A patent/KR100363052B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-19 TW TW084100440A patent/TW464511B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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1996
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR100602403B1 (ko) * | 1999-03-03 | 2006-07-20 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 구강 접착 쉬트 및 구강 접착 제제 |
KR101444967B1 (ko) | 2006-11-21 | 2014-09-26 | 에르테에스 로만 테라피-시스테메 아게 | 활성 물질로서 부프레노르핀을 투여하기 위한 경피 치료 시스템 |
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