JPWO2020145043A1 - スルホニウム塩、光酸発生剤、硬化性組成物およびレジスト組成物 - Google Patents
スルホニウム塩、光酸発生剤、硬化性組成物およびレジスト組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2020145043A1 JPWO2020145043A1 JP2020565655A JP2020565655A JPWO2020145043A1 JP WO2020145043 A1 JPWO2020145043 A1 JP WO2020145043A1 JP 2020565655 A JP2020565655 A JP 2020565655A JP 2020565655 A JP2020565655 A JP 2020565655A JP WO2020145043 A1 JPWO2020145043 A1 JP WO2020145043A1
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001730 thiiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Sn+4] CVNKFOIOZXAFBO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium tungsten Chemical compound [Ti].[W] MAKDTFFYCIMFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) borate Chemical class FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1OB(OC=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRRIVXLVXXAHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4-tribromophenyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=C(Br)C(Br)=CC=1)Br)OC1=CC=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br VRRIVXLVXXAHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D335/10—Dibenzothiopyrans; Hydrogenated dibenzothiopyrans
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- C07D335/14—Thioxanthenes with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 9
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- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
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Abstract
Description
具体的には、塗料、接着、コーティングといった分野でのカチオン重合性化合物の重合や、電子部品の製造や半導体素子形成におけるフォトリソグラフィー(フェノール樹脂と架橋剤存在下での架橋反応、さらにはアルカリ可溶性樹脂に保護基を導入したポリマーの酸触媒脱保護反応)などが挙げられる。
照射光源としては中圧・高圧水銀灯が最も一般的に使用されており、また近年ではLEDランプが省エネ、高寿命といった利点から普及しつつある。中でも、h線領域(405nm)に発光波長のあるLEDは比較的安価、かつ良好な発光強度を示すことから使用されるケースが多い。
本発明の第2の目的は、g線またはh線に高い光感応性を有し、かつエポキシ化合物等のカチオン重合性化合物への相溶性が高く、エポキシ化合物等のカチオン重合性化合物との配合物において貯蔵安定性の優れた、スルホニウム塩を含んでなる新たな光酸発生剤を提供することである。
本発明の第3の目的は、上記光酸発生剤を利用したエネルギー線硬化性組成物及び硬化体を提供することである。
本発明の第4の目的は、上記光酸発生剤を利用した化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物及びその製造方法を提供することである。
本発明の第5の目的は、上記光酸発生剤を利用した化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物及びその硬化体を提供することである。
すなわち、本発明は、下記一般式(1)で示されるスルホニウム塩を提供する。
本発明の光酸発生剤は、カチオン重合性化合物の硬化に用いるとき、紫外光、特にg線およびh線の作用による硬化性に優れており、増感剤を用いなくても、カチオン重合性化合物を硬化させることができる。
本発明のエネルギー線硬化性組成物は、上記の光酸発生剤を含有するため、紫外光で硬化させることができる。また、本発明のエネルギー線硬化性組成物は、貯蔵安定性が高く、増感剤を用いる必要がないことから、コスト及び作業性に優れる。
本発明の硬化体は、増感剤を用いずに得ることができるため、増感剤の残存に起因する着色や劣化という問題がない。
本発明の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物および化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物は、上記の光酸発生剤を含有するため、g線およびh線に対して高感度なレジスト(従来のものに比べ低露光量でパターン形成が可能)を得ることが可能である。さらに、本発明の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物および化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物は、貯蔵安定性が高く、レジストパターン形状が良好である。
ニル基(ベンゾイル及びナフトイル等)等が挙げられる。
HO(−AO)q− (2)
〔AOはエチレンオキシ基及び/又はプロピレンオキシ基、qは1〜5の整数を表す。〕
この置換基(t)としては、炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、ヒドロキシ基、炭素数1〜18のアルコキシ基、炭素数2〜18のアルキルカルボニル基、炭素数7〜11のアリールカルボニル基、炭素数2〜19のアシロキシ基、炭素数6〜20のアリールチオ基、炭素数1〜18のアルキルチオ基、炭素数6〜10のアリール基、炭素数4〜20の複素環式炭化水素基、炭素数6〜10のアリールオキシ基、ヒドロキシ(ポリ)アルキレンオキシ基、及びハロゲン原子からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種が含まれる。この置換基(t)としては、R3〜R5について説明した置換基と同様である。
単環式アリール基としては、フェニル、ヒドロキシフェニル、トルイル、ジメチルフェニル、トリメチルフェニル、エチルフェニル、ジエチルフェニル、トリエチルフェニル、n−プロピルフェニル、イソプロピルフェニル、n−ブチルフェニル、イソブチルフェニル、sec−ブチルフェニル、tert−ブチルフェニル、メトキシフェニル、エトキシフェニル、n−プロポキシフェニル、イソプロポキシフェニル、n−ブトキシフェニル、イソブトキシフェニル、sec−ブトキシフェニル、tert−ブトキシフェニル、アセチルフェニル、ベンゾイルフェニル、ナフトイルフェニル、フェニルチオフェニル、ナフチルチオフェニル、ビフェニルイル、フェノキシフェニル、ナフトキシフェニル、ニトロフェニル、フルオロフェニル、クロロフェニル及びブロモフェニル等が挙げられる。
Yはハロゲン原子(フッ素原子が好ましい。)を表す。
aは4〜6の整数を表す。
bは、1〜5の整数が好ましく、さらに好ましくは2〜4、特に好ましくは2又は3である。
cは、1〜4の整数が好ましく、さらに好ましくは4である。
次反応式で示される方法(たとえば,第4版実験化学講座24巻、1992年、丸善株式会社発行、376頁、特開平7−329399号公報、特開平8−165290号公報、特開平10−212286号公報又は特開平10−7680号公報等に記載されている方法)。
HX’は、一価の多原子アニオンの共役酸を表す。HX’としては、入手しやすさ、酸の安定性及び反応収率の観点から、メタンスルホン酸、パーフルオロメタンスルホン酸及び硫酸が好ましい。
脱水剤は、たとえば、無水リン酸、無水酢酸又は濃硫酸等を表す。
一価の多原子アニオン(X’−)は、たとえば、上記のように複分解反応により、本発明の他のアニオン(X−)に交換することができる。
MXは、アルカリ金属(リチウム、ナトリウム及びカリウム等)カチオンと本発明の他
のアニオン{例えば、MYa −、(Rf)bPF6−b −、R6 cBY4−c −、R6 cGaY4−c −、R7SO3 −、(R7SO2)3C−又は(R7SO2)2N−等で示されるアニオン}との塩を表す。
これらのポリオルガノシロキサンは、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれでもよく、これらの混合物であってもよい。
光安定剤としては、公知の光安定剤等が使用でき、紫外線吸収型安定剤{ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾフェノン、サリチレート、シアノアクリレート及びこれらの誘導体等};ラジカル補足型安定剤{ヒンダードアミン等};及び消光型安定剤{ニッケル錯体等}等が挙げられる。
酸化防止剤としては、公知の酸化防止剤等が使用でき、フェノール系酸化防止剤(モノフェノール系、ビスフェノール系及び高分子フェノール系等)、硫黄系酸化防止剤及びリン系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
密着性付与剤としては、公知の密着性付与剤等が使用でき、カップリング剤、シランカップリング剤及びチタンカップリング剤等が挙げられる。
イオン補足剤としては、公知のイオン補足剤等が使用でき、有機アルミニウム(アルコキシアルミニウム及びフェノキシアルミニウム等)等が挙げられる。
着色防止剤としては、公知の着色防止剤が使用でき、一般的には酸化防止剤が有効であり、フェノール系酸化防止剤(モノフェノール系、ビスフェノール系及び高分子フェノール系等)、硫黄系酸化防止剤及びリン系酸化防止剤等が挙げられるが、高温時の耐熱試験時の着色防止にはほとんど効力がない。
エネルギー線としては、本発明の光酸発生剤の分解を誘発するエネルギーを有する限りいかなるものでもよいが、低圧、中圧、高圧若しくは超高圧の水銀灯、メタルハライドランプ、LEDランプ、キセノンランプ、カーボンアークランプ、蛍光灯、半導体固体レーザ、アルゴンレーザ、He−Cdレーザ、KrFエキシマレーザ、ArFエキシマレーザ又はF2レーザ等から得られる紫外〜可視光領域(波長:約100〜約800nm)のエネルギー線が好ましい。なお、エネルギー線には、電子線又はX線等の高エネルギーを有する放射線を用いることもできる。
本発明の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物に用いられる、前記「酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大する樹脂(B)」(本明細書において、「成分(B)」という。)は、ノボラック樹脂(B1)、ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(B2)、及びアクリル樹脂(B3)、からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂、又はこれらの混合樹脂若しくは共重合体である。
ノボラック樹脂(B1)としては、下記一般式(b1)で表される樹脂を使用することができる。
ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(B2)としては、下記一般式(b4)で表される樹脂を使用することができる。
アクリル樹脂(B3)としては、下記一般式(b5)〜(b10)で表される樹脂を使用することができる。
本発明の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物には、レジストの樹脂物性を向上させるために、更にアルカリ可溶性樹脂(本明細書において、「成分(C)」という。)を含有させることが好ましい。成分(C)としては、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂、アクリル樹脂及びポリビニル樹脂からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
本発明の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物には、レジストパターン形状、引き置き安定性などの向上のために、更に酸拡散制御剤(D)(本明細書において、「成分(D)」という。)を含有させることが好ましい。成分(D)としては、含窒素化合物が好ましく、更に必要に応じて、有機カルボン酸又はリンのオキソ酸若しくはその誘導体を含有させることができる。
本発明における「フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂」(以下、「フェノール樹脂(F)」という。)としては、例えば、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリヒドロキシスチレンの共重合体、ヒドロキシスチレンとスチレンの共重合体、ヒドロキシスチレン、スチレン及び(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体の共重合体、フェノール−キシリレングリコール縮合樹脂、クレゾール−キシリレングリコール縮合樹脂、フェノール−ジシクロペンタジエン縮合樹脂等が用いられる。これらのなかでも、ノボラック樹脂、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリヒドロキシスチレンの共重合体、ヒドロキシスチレンとスチレンの共重合体、ヒドロキシスチレン、スチレン及び(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体の共重合体、フェノール−キシリレングリコール縮合樹脂が好ましい。尚、これらのフェノール樹脂(F)は、1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上記フェノール性低分子化合物としては、例えば、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルメタン、4,4’−ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル等が挙げられる。
本発明における「架橋剤」(以下、「架橋剤(G)」ともいう。)は、前記フェノール樹脂(F)と反応する架橋成分(硬化成分)として作用するものであれば、特に限定されない。上記架橋剤(G)としては、例えば、分子中に少なくとも2つ以上のアルキルエーテル化されたアミノ基を有する化合物、分子中に少なくとも2つ以上のアルキルエーテル化されたベンゼンを骨格とする化合物、オキシラン環含有化合物、チイラン環含有化合物、オキセタニル基含有化合物、イソシアネート基含有化合物(ブロック化されたものを含む)等を挙げることができる。
また、アルキルエーテル化されたアミノ基を有する化合物及びオキシラン環含有化合物を併用する際、オキシラン環含有化合物の含有割合は、アルキルエーテル化されたアミノ基を有する化合物及びオキシラン環含有化合物の合計を100重量%とした場合に、50重量%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5〜40重量%、特に好ましくは5〜30重量%である。
この場合、得られる硬化膜は、高解像性を損なうことなく耐薬品性にも優れるため好ましい。
本発明の化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物には、得られる硬化物の耐久性や熱衝撃性を向上させるために架橋微粒子(以下、「架橋微粒子(H)」ともいう。)を更に含有させることができる。
この架橋微粒子(H)の粒径のコントロール方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、乳化重合により架橋微粒子を合成する場合、使用する乳化剤の量により乳化重合中のミセルの数を制御し、粒径をコントロールすることができる。
尚、架橋微粒子(H)の平均粒径とは、光散乱流動分布測定装置等を用い、架橋微粒子の分散液を常法に従って希釈して測定した値である。
また、本発明の化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物には、基材との密着性を向上させるために、密着助剤を含有させることができる。
上記密着助剤としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、メタクリロイル基、イソシアネート基、エポキシ基等の反応性置換基を有する官能性シランカップリング剤等が挙げられる。
また、本発明の化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物には、樹脂組成物の取り扱い性を向上させたり、粘度や保存安定性を調節するために溶剤を含有させることができる。
上記溶剤は、特に制限されないが、具体例は前記のものが挙げられる。
前述の本発明にかかる化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物は、残膜率が高く、解像性に優れていると共に、その硬化物は電気絶縁性、熱衝撃性等に優れているため、その硬化物は、半導体素子、半導体パッケージ等の電子部品の表面保護膜、平坦化膜、層間絶縁膜材料等として好適に使用することができる。
露光に用いられる放射線としては、例えば、低圧水銀灯、高圧水銀灯、メタルハライドランプ、g線ステッパー、h線ステッパー、i線ステッパー、gh線ステッパー、ghi線ステッパー等の紫外線や電子線、レーザー光線等が挙げられる。また、露光量としては使用する光源や樹脂膜厚等によって適宜選定されるが、例えば、高圧水銀灯からの紫外線照射の場合、樹脂膜厚1〜50μmでは、100〜50000J/m2程度である。
<硬化性組成物の調整>
本発明の光酸発生剤(スルホニウム塩)および比較例の光酸発生剤(スルホニウム塩)を、カチオン重合性化合物であるエポキシド(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル−3,4−エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、株式会社ダイセル製、セロキサイド2021P)に表1の配合量(重量部)で均一混合して、エネルギー線硬化性組成物(実施例C1〜C33、比較例HC1〜HC3)を調製した。
上記で得たエネルギー線硬化性組成物をアプリケーター(40μm)でポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルムに塗布した。PETフィルムに紫外線照射装置を用いて、フィルターによって波長を限定した紫外光を照射した。なお、フィルターはL−39(株式会社ケンコー光学製、390nm以下の光をカットするフィルター)を使用した。照射後、40分後の塗膜硬度を鉛筆硬度(JIS K5600−5−4:1999)にて測定し、以下の基準により評価し(硬化後の塗膜厚は約40μm)、これらの結果を表2に示した。鉛筆硬度が高いほど、エネルギー線硬化性組成物の光硬化性が良好であること、すなわちスルホニウム塩のカチオン重合性化合物に対する重合開始能(スルホニウム塩の光感応性)が優れていることを示す。
◎:鉛筆硬度がH以上
○:鉛筆硬度がHB〜B
△:鉛筆硬度が2B〜4B
×:液状〜タックがあり、鉛筆硬度を測定できない
・紫外線照射装置:ベルトコンベア式UV照射装置(アイグラフィックス株式会社製)
・ランプ:1.5kW高圧水銀灯
・フィルター:L−39(株式会社ケンコー光学製、390nm以下の光をカットするフィルター)
・照度(405nmヘッド照度計で測定):80mW/cm2
条件−1:50mJ/cm2
条件−2:100mJ/cm2
条件−3:150mJ/cm2
上記で得たエネルギー線硬化性組成物を遮光下80℃で加熱して、1ヶ月保存した後、加熱前後の配合試料の粘度を測定し、下記基準により評価した。粘度の上昇がないものほど貯蔵安定性が良い。
(評価基準)
×:加熱後の粘度変化が1.5倍以上。
○:加熱後の粘度変化が1.5倍未満。
<評価用試料の調製>
表3に示す通り、光酸発生剤である成分(A)1重量部、樹脂成分(B)として、下記化学式(Resin−1)で示される樹脂40重量部、及び樹脂成分(C)として、m−クレゾールとp−クレゾールとをホルムアルデヒド及び酸触媒の存在下で付加縮合して得たノボラック樹脂60重量部を、溶媒−1(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート)に均一に溶解させ、孔径1μmのメンブレンフィルターを通して濾過し、固形分濃度40重量%の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物(実施例P1〜P39)を調製した。
また比較例も表3に示した配合量で同様に行い、化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジス組成物(比較例HP1〜HP4)を調製した。
シリコンウェハー基板上に、上記実施例P1〜P36及び比較例HP1〜HP4で調製したポジ型レジスト組成物をスピンコートした後、乾燥して約20μmの膜厚を有するフォトレジスト層を得た。このレジスト層をホットプレートにより130℃で6分間プレベークした。プレベーク後、TME−150RSC(トプコン社製)を用いてパターン露光(i線)を行い、ホットプレートにより75℃で5分間の露光後加熱(PEB)を行った。その後、2.38重量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液を用いた浸漬法により、5分間の現像処理を行い、流水洗浄し、窒素でブローして10μmのラインアンドスペース(L&S)パターンを得た。更に、それ以下ではこのパターンの残渣が認められなくなる最低限の露光量、すなわちレジストパターンを形成するのに必要な最低必須露光量(感度に対応する)を測定した。必須露光量が小さいほど、ポジ型レジスト組成物の光反応性が良好であること、すなわちスルホニウム塩の光感応性が優れていることを示す。
また、上記で調製した化学増幅型ポジ型レジスト組成物を用いて、調製直後と40℃で1ヶ月保存後の感光性(感度)評価を上記の通りに行い、貯蔵安定性を次の基準で判断した。
○:40℃で1ヶ月保存後の感度変化が調製直後の感度の5%未満
×:40℃で1ヶ月保存後の感度変化が調製直後の感度の5%以上
上記操作により、シリコンウエハー基板上に形成した10μmのL&Sパターンの形状断面の下辺の寸法Laと上辺の寸法Lbを、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定し、パターン形状を次の基準で判断した。結果を表4に示す。
◎:0.90≦Lb/La≦1
○:0.85≦Lb/La<0.90
×:Lb/La<0.85
<評価用試料の調製>
表5に示す通り、光酸発生剤である成分(E)1重量部、フェノール樹脂である成分(F)として、p−ヒドロキシスチレン/スチレン=80/20(モル比)からなる共重合体(Mw=10,000)を100重量部、架橋剤である成分(G)として、ヘキサメトキシメチルメラミン(三和ケミカル社製、商品名「ニカラックMW−390」)を20重量部、架橋微粒子である成分(H)として、ブタジエン/アクリロニトリル/ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート/メタクリル酸/ジビニルベンゼン=64/20/8/6/2(重量%)からなる共重合体(平均粒径=65nm、Tg=−38℃)を10重量部、密着助剤である成分(I)として、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(チッソ社製、商品名「S510」)5重量部を、溶媒−2(乳酸エチル)145重量部に均一に溶解して、本発明の化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物(実施例N1〜N39)を調製した。
また比較例も表5に示した配合量で同様に行い、化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物(比較例HN1〜HN4)を調製した。
シリコンウェハー基板上に、各組成物をスピンコートした後、ホットプレートを用いて110℃で3分間加熱乾燥して約20μmの膜厚を有する樹脂塗膜を得た。その後、TME−150RSC(トプコン社製)を用いてパターン露光(i線)を行い、ホットプレートにより110℃で3分間の露光後加熱(PEB)を行った。その後、2.38重量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液を用いた浸漬法により、2分間の現像処理を行い、流水洗浄し、窒素でブローして10μmのラインアンドスペースパターンを得た。更に、現像前後の残膜の比率を示す残膜率が95%以上のパターンを形成するのに必要な最低必須露光量(感度に対応する)を測定した。
また、上記で調製した化学増幅型ネガ型レジスト組成物を用いて、調製直後と40℃で1ヶ月保存後の感光性(感度)評価を上記の通りに行い、貯蔵安定性を次の基準で判断した。
○:40℃で1ヶ月保存後の感度変化が調製直後の感度の5%未満
×:40℃で1ヶ月保存後の感度変化が調製直後の感度の5%以上
上記操作により、シリコンウエハー基板上に形成した20μmのL&Sパターンの形状断面の下辺の寸法Laと上辺の寸法Lbを、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定し、パターン形状を次の基準で判断した。結果を表6に示す。
◎:0.90≦La/Lb≦1
○:0.85≦La/Lb<0.90
×:La/Lb<0.85
<溶媒への溶解性評価>
本発明のスルホニウム塩を溶媒-3(γ-ブチロラクトン)または溶媒-4(プロピレンカーボネート)に添加し、室温(25℃)で完全に溶解する最大濃度(溶解度、単位:重量パーセントwt%)を算出した。
カチオン重合性化合物として、モノマー−1(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル−3,4−エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、株式会社ダイセル製、セロキサイド2021P)またはモノマー−2(シクロヘキサンジメタノールジビニルエーテル、日本カーバイド工業株式会社製、CHDVE)に本発明のスルホニウム塩を5wt%添加し、60℃に加熱した時の外観を次の基準で判断した。結果を表7に示す。
○:均一に溶解
△:わずかながら懸濁
×:強い懸濁、もしくは相分離
Claims (17)
- 下記一般式(1)で示されるスルホニウム塩。
- R1又はR2がそれぞれ炭素数6〜30のアリール基又は炭素数4〜30の複素環式炭化水素基である請求項1に記載のスルホニウム塩。
- R3〜R5が互いに独立して、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルカルボニル基またはアリールカルボニル基を表す、請求項1又は2に記載のスルホニウム塩。
- Aが−O−又は−S−で表される基であり、kおよびmが0、nが1〜4の整数である請求項1〜3の何れかに記載のスルホニウム塩。
- R1又はR2がチオキサントニル基、kおよびmが0、nが1または2であり、Aが−S−で表される基である請求項1〜3の何れかに記載のスルホニウム塩。
- X−がMYa −、(Rf)bPF6−b −、R6 cBY4−c −、R6 cGaY4−c −、R7SO3 −、(R7SO2)3C−又は(R7SO2)2N−で表されるアニオン(Mはリン原子、ホウ素原子、ヒ素原子又はアンチモン原子、Yはハロゲン原子、Rfは水素原子の80モル%以上がフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基、Pはリン原子、Fはフッ素原子、R6は少なくとも1個の水素原子がハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメチル基、ニトロ基又はシアノ基で置換されたフェニル基、Bはホウ素原子、Gaはガリウム原子、R7は炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、炭素数1〜20のパーフルオロアルキル基又は炭素数6〜20のアリール基、Sはイオウ原子、Oは酸素原子、Cは炭素原子、Nは窒素原子を表し、aは4〜6の整数、bは1〜5の整数、cは1〜4の整数を表す。)である請求項1〜5の何れかに記載のスルホニウム塩。
- X−が、SbF6 −、PF6 −、BF4 −、(CF3CF2)3PF3 −、(CF3CF2CF2CF2)3PF3 −、(C6F5)4B−、(C6H5)(C6F5)3B−、((CF3)2C6H3)4B−、(C6F5)4Ga−、((CF3)2C6H3)4Ga−、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸アニオン、ノナフルオロブタンスルホン酸アニオン、メタンスルホン酸アニオン、カンファースルホン酸アニオン、ベンゼンスルホン酸アニオン又はp−トルエンスルホン酸アニオンで表されるアニオンである請求項1〜6の何れかに記載のスルホニウム塩。
- 請求項1〜7の何れかに記載のスルホニウム塩を含有することを特徴とする光酸発生剤。
- 請求項8に記載の光酸発生剤とカチオン重合性化合物とを含んでなるエネルギー線硬化性組成物。
- 請求項9に記載のエネルギー線硬化性組成物を硬化させて得られることを特徴とする硬化体。
- 請求項8に記載の光酸発生剤を含んでなる成分(A)と、酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大する樹脂である成分(B)とを含んでなる、化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物。
- 酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大する樹脂である成分(B)がノボラック樹脂(B1)、ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(B2)、及びアクリル樹脂(B3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂を含んでなるものである、請求項11に記載の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物。
- アルカリ可溶性樹脂(C)及び酸拡散制御剤(D)を更に含んでなる、請求項11又は12に記載の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物。
- 請求項11〜13の何れかに記載の化学増幅型ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物からなる膜厚5〜150μmのフォトレジスト層を支持体上に積層してフォトレジスト積層体を得る積層工程と、該フォトレジスト積層体に部位選択的に光又は放射線を照射する露光工程と、該露光工程後にフォトレジスト積層体を現像してレジストパターンを得る現像工程と、を含むことを特徴とするレジストパターンの作製方法。
- 請求項8に記載の光酸発生剤を含んでなる成分(E)と、フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ可溶性樹脂である成分(F)と、架橋剤成分(G)とを含んでなる、化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物。
- 更に架橋微粒子成分(H)を含んでなる、請求項15に記載の化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物。
- 請求項15又は16に記載の化学増幅型ネガ型フォトレジスト組成物を硬化させて得られることを特徴とする硬化体。
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