JPS6339069B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide strings for stringed instruments that are excellent in sound quality, sound rise, and aftertaste.

Conventionally, strings for stringed instruments have been made of single monofilaments such as nylon or polyester, or multifilaments of these materials wound with copper alloy wire or the like. Monofilaments such as nylon and polyester have a low linear density and are suitable for high-pitched strings even when used alone, while these multifilaments with metal windings have a high linear density and are suitable for low-pitched strings. However, there is no string that has a frequency and tone quality that is between those of these strings, and when used in musical instruments such as guitars, there is a problem in that the balance and smooth connection between the bass and treble strings is lacking. In addition, the 8th type of 10-string guitar that has become popular in recent years
~For the 10th string (used only for resonance), it was not possible to obtain a string with a rich sound quality.

As is well known, the frequency of the string follows the following formula: f=1/121・√. Here, f is the fundamental frequency of the string, 1 is the length of the string, T is the tension, and a is the linear density. The length of the string is constant depending on the instrument (for guitars, it is 640~
665 mm), so conventionally an appropriate vibration frequency has been obtained by changing the tension and linear density. To give an example, a nylon monofilament wire with a diameter of 1.0φ is used as the third string for a guitar, and the tension is 5.3Kgw.
Also, as the fourth string, a wire diameter of 0.74φ made by winding copper wire around a nylon core wire was used with a tension of 7.6Kgw. The reason why the wire diameter and tension of the strings are uneven is that while the specific gravity of nylon is approximately 1, the specific gravity of copper is large at approximately 8.9.For monofilament strings, the wire diameter is extremely large and the tension is large. This is because it has to be extremely small, and in the case of wound strings, the tension must be increased to suppress the effects of increased linear density. However, the string tension has an optimum value based on performance requirements, and should not be changed in favor of frequency control. In the case of a guitar, the tension should be less than 7.5Kgw for the convenience of holding the strings with the left hand, but for the right hand, it is desirable to have a tension of 6.0Kgw or more for the convenience of playing, and in the end it is 6.0Kgw.
A narrow range of ~7.5Kgw is considered the optimal value. If the tension of the strings is higher than this, it is difficult to press the strings into the correct position quickly with a gentle force, and if the tension is lower than this, the strings will overlap and become difficult to play with the right hand, making it unsuitable for playing in any case.

According to the inventor's experiments, the sound quality of strings also changes depending on the diameter. The thicker the string, the duller the sound quality, and the thinner the string, the smoother and noisier the sound quality will be. Therefore, it is desirable that the diameter of the string be thicker for lower pitch strings. The conventional method of changing the frequency of the treble string by changing the wire diameter of the monofilament string and changing the frequency of the bass string by changing the wire diameter of the metal winding is to meet the requirements at the part where the monofilament string and the metal wound string change. cannot be fully satisfied. In the case of guitar strings, the third string usually has a wire diameter of about 1.0φ, and the fourth string has a wire diameter of about 0.74φ. It's closed. This is because the treble strings are adjusted by increasing the wire diameter of nylon, etc., which has a lower specific gravity, and the bass strings are adjusted by increasing the wire diameter of the copper winding, which has a higher specific gravity.

In order to improve the sound quality of strings, the stress of the strings must be set to a reasonable value. Here, stress is the tension per cross-sectional area of the core wire. For nylon strings
A value of 25 Kgw/mm ² to 40 Kgw/mm ² is suitable; if the stress exceeds this value, the string will enter the yield range and cannot be used, and if it falls below this, the sound rises badly and the sound quality becomes blurred. It is unclear why the sound quality of strings is related to stress, but the necessary stress needs to be close to the yield region regardless of the type of core wire, so excellent sound quality is achieved only when the fiber molecules are strongly oriented. seems to be obtained. However, with only monofilament strings, it is not possible to set the stress to the desired value for good sound quality.
To control the frequency of the string, T/a (T is tension,
This is because the linear density (a) must be determined and the linear density is fixed, so there is no room to control the stress.

In the process of the present invention, instead of conventional monofilament strings, we also considered strings in which a core wire of nylon, polyester, etc. was wound with a wire of nylon, polyester, etc. By changing the diameter of the winding wire while keeping the diameter of the core wire constant, the linear density of this string can be changed, and it can be used with appropriate stress and tension. ,
There is a limit to linear density. In this case, the core wire is nylon 6
Multi-filament and winding made of nylon 6-
10 monofilament will give you a string with good sound quality. Furthermore, if the core wire is made of nylon 6 multifilament, a gorgeous sound quality with more harmonic components can be obtained than when the core wire is made of monofilament.

These problems are caused by constraints on the linear density of the string. If the linear density of the strings could be adjusted freely, these problems would be solved.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 48-43620 discloses that a metal wire is space-wound on a core wire and then covered with an organic tape. However, since this string is wound in spaces, there is a risk that the adhesion between the metal wire and the core wire may deteriorate.

Further, Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 48-65211 discloses that a core wire is covered with an organic knitted structure and a metal winding is applied over this. In order to freely adjust the wire density with this string, the wire diameter of the metal winding becomes an issue.
Thin windings are weak, difficult to manufacture, and lack durability.

An object of the present invention is to enable the linear density of a string to be freely adjusted between a string using only an organic core wire and a string using a metal winding. In this way, the thickness, stress, and tension of the string can be set to optimal values for sound quality and performance.

In the present invention, a string is produced by alternately winding a metal winding or a metal band wire and an organic material winding or an organic material band wire around an organic core wire. In this way, the density of the winding portion can take an arbitrary value between that of metal and that of organic matter. To adjust the density of the winding portion, for example, the wire diameters of the metal wire and the organic wire may be changed, or one may be made into a band wire and the other wire may be made into a normal winding wire.
Furthermore, the number of metal wires and organic wires may be changed so that one wire is wound multiple times while the other wire is wound only once.

Here, FIGS. 1 to 4 show the structure of the string of the present invention. In each figure, 1 is the core line of organic matter,
2 is a metal winding wire or a metal strip wire. Also 3
is an organic winding wire or an organic strip wire. 1 and 2 show a string in which metal windings 2 and organic windings 3 are alternately wound around an organic core wire 1. Further, FIG. 3 shows a string in which metal windings 2 and organic band wires 3 are alternately wound. The linear density of this string is lower than that of the strings shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the linear density of the string can be adjusted by combining the winding wire and the band wire. Of course,
Contrary to FIG. 3, the metal band wire 2 and the organic material winding wire 3 may be alternately wound. Figure 4 shows the organic material winding 3.
A string is shown in which one turn of metal winding 2 is wound for every two turns of . Even in this case, the linear density of the winding portion can be corrected from being between the metal and the organic material to being biased toward one side. In addition to this, changing the wire diameters of the metal winding 2 and the organic material winding 3 can be used to adjust the wire density of the string.

These strings can be manufactured by, for example, drawing out the metal winding 2 and the organic material winding 3 from two nozzles or the like and winding them around the core wire 1.

The material of core wire 1 includes nylon, polyester,
It uses an organic material such as silk and is used as a monofilament or multifilament. The nylon multifilament core wire 1 has a higher content of harmonic components than the nylon monofilament core wire 1, so that a more brilliant and more desirable sound quality can be obtained. Similarly, nylon, polyester, silk, etc. may be used for the material of the organic material winding 3. The material of the metal winding 2 is, for example, copper wire or copper alloy wire.

Since the density of the metal winding 2 is much higher than the density of the core wire 1 and the organic material winding 3, the density of the string of the present invention is determined by the metal winding 2. Here, if the metal winding 2 and the organic material winding 3 are wound alternately, the linear density of the string can be changed between a string with only the organic material core wire 1 and a string with only the metal winding 2 applied to the organic material core wire 1. Can be adjusted freely.
If you can freely adjust the linear density of the string, you can change the thickness of the string,
The tension or stress applied to the strings can be set to an optimal value according to performance requirements. Furthermore, since the metal wire 2 and the organic wire 3 are wound alternately, the winding is tightly wound as a whole, and the adhesion between the winding portion and the core wire 1 is good.

An example of a string obtained by the inventor is shown below. For example, nylon 6
The fiber was used as the core wire 1, the nickel silver wire was used as the metal wire 2, and the nylon 6-10 was used as the organic wire 3. 3rd for guitar
The strings are made of 0.48φ core wire, 0.14φ nickel silver wire and 0.14mm thickness.
A nylon 6-10 band wound with a width of 0.2 mm is appropriate, and the overall thickness of the string is 0.76φ.
The appropriate tension is 6.5Kgw. 0.505φ for the 4th string
Nylon 6 core wire, 0.22φ nickel silver wire and 0.22mm
A nylon 6-10 band wound with a thickness of 0.3mm wide is suitable, the overall diameter of the string is 0.945φ, and the tension is
It is best to use 7.5Kgw. String stress
Here is an example regarding. For example, for a string made of a 0.48φ nylon 6 core wire with double windings of nickel silver wire and nylon 6-10, the appropriate tension is 6.5Kgw, and in this case the stress is 35.9Kgw/ ^mm2 . When a conventional nylon monofilament of 1.0φ is used as a string with a tension of 5.3 Kgw, the stress is only 6.75 Kgw/mm ² , which is extremely low. Therefore, the sound quality is dull and lacks brilliance, sound contour, rise, and lingering sound. And because it lacks balance with the lower-pitched winding strings, it disrupts the flow of the music. On the other hand, the strings of the present invention can set the stress to an appropriate value, so they can produce a gorgeous, well-defined sound with many harmonic components, and also have excellent sound onset and lingering sound. Since each string can be used with appropriate stress, the balance between the strings is also excellent.

The present invention will be explained below based on examples.

Example 1 0.5φ nylon 6-10 monofilament was used as the core wire, 0.12φ nickel silver wire and 0.22φ nylon 6
-10 monofilaments are wound alternately as double windings. The string obtained in this way has a wire diameter of 0.94φ
However, even though it is thinner than the conventional 1.0φ monofilament string, it has a higher linear density and can be used with appropriate tension. Also, because the strings are thin, the sound quality is gorgeous,
Since the stress is separated into the core wire and the winding, it can be set to a reasonable value, resulting in a brilliant sound with excellent rise and resonance, and a high harmonic content.

Suitable for the third string of a guitar, etc. Since the core wire is a monofilament, the winding wire and the core wire do not fit well, but this drawback was overcome by changing the cross-sectional shape of the core wire from a perfect circle to an octagon.

Example 2 A 1800 denier nylon-6 multifilament was used as the core wire, and a 0.12φ nickel silver wire and a 0.22φ nylon 6-10 monofilament were used as the winding wire. Although it has almost the same linear density as the string of Example 1, the sound quality is more brilliant than the string of Example 1. In other words, it is more desirable for the core wire to be a bundle of multifilaments than a monofilament in terms of sound quality. Although the reason for this is unknown, the same tendency was observed in other experimental examples, and it seems to be a common phenomenon.

In a core made of monofilament, the entire core vibrates in a single manner, resulting in faster attenuation of harmonic components, whereas in a bundled core, each fiber can vibrate relatively independently. A possible reason is that the content of harmonic components increases.
This string is suitable as a third string when used on a guitar.

Example 3 In the string of Example 2, the nickel silver wire is 0.22φ. Suitable for the fourth string when used on a guitar.

Example 4 The core wire is a 0.48φ bundle of nylon 6 multifilaments, and the string is wound with a 0.14φ nickel silver wire and a 0.14mm thick, 0.2mm wide nylon 6-10 band. . The wire diameter is 0.76φ, and when used for the third string of a guitar, it is recommended to use it with a tension of 6.5 Kgw and a stress of 35.9 Kgw/mm ² .

Example 5 A 0.505φ bundle of nylon 6 multifilaments was used as the core wire, and a string was wound with a 0.22φ nickel silver wire and a 0.22mm thick nylon 6-10 band. The wire diameter is 0.945φ, and when used for the fourth string of a guitar, the tension is 7.5Kgw and the stress is 37.5
It is recommended to use Kgw/mm ² . If smoothing is required, it is recommended that the process be performed using a hot die at 150°C.

When the string of Example 4 is used as the third string of a guitar, and the string of Example 5 is used as the fourth string of a guitar, the tension of both strings is
It is easy to play as it has a reasonable value of 6.5 to 7.5Kgw.
In addition, the wire diameter is 0.76φ for the third string and 0.945φ for the fourth string, giving a vibrant tone quality to the third string, a quiet and calm tone quality to the fourth string, and improving the balance between the strings. Ru. Since the stress on the strings is appropriate, the sound quality of the strings will have many harmonic components and excellent rise and resonance.

Example 6 A 1800 denier polyester tilt filament was used as a core wire, and a 0.12φ nickel silver wire and a 0.22φ polyester monofilament were used as winding wires. Although the sound quality is superior to conventional monofilament strings, the core wire is made of nylon 6 and the organic material winding is made of nylon 6.
The sound quality is inferior to that set to 10.

In other words, the sound quality lacks suppleness and lingering sound. Therefore, from a material standpoint, nylon 6 is preferable for the core wire and nylon 6-10 is preferable for the organic material winding.

Note that, similar to Example 6, other materials were investigated, but nylon 6 was the best for the core wire, and nylon 6-10 was the best for the organic material winding. If you replace it with other materials, you will only get something that is inferior in the suppleness of the sound quality, the lingering sound, etc.

Comparative Example 1 A 1.0φ nylon 6 monofilament was used as a string.

Comparative Example 2 A string is made of a 0.7φ nylon 6 monofilament wound with nickel silver wire having a wire diameter of 30μ.

In the case of a guitar, it is suitable for the third string, but it is difficult to manufacture because the wire diameter of the winding is small, and the winding is weak, so it cannot withstand playing.

Comparative Example 3 A 0.19 mm thick nylon 6-10 band was wound around a 0.505φ nylon 6 fiber.

Due to its low linear density, it is suitable as a second guitar string. The wire diameter is 0.885φ, and when used for the second string of a guitar, it is recommended to use it at a tension of 6.5 Kgw and a stress of 30.0 Kgw/mm ² .

Comparative Example 4 A nylon 6-10 band with a thickness of 0.22 mm was wound around a nylon 6 fiber bundled to 0.7φ. The linear density is suitable for the third string of a guitar, but the wire diameter reaches 1.14φ, making the sound quality dull and poor, and lacking in balance with the fourth string. 6.5Kgw for the third string of a guitar
It is recommended to use a tension and stress of 16.9Kgw/ ^mm2 .

As explained above, the string of the present invention uses multiple windings of metal wires such as nickel silver or copper and organic wires such as nylon or polyester. You can freely give an intermediate specific gravity. Therefore, the linear density of the entire string can be freely changed between the organic monofilament string and the metal wound string, and the string can always be used at an appropriate tension, making playing easier. Another effect of being able to use strings with proper tension is that
Since each string is used with approximately the same tension, all strings can be played with a common touch, and there is no need to change the touch for each string as in the past, reducing the burden on the performer. Reduced.

In the string of the present invention, since the winding is made by alternately winding organic material and metal wire on the core wire, the thickness can be changed independently of the linear density of the string by changing the pitch or number of metal wires. Therefore, the thickness of the string can be determined according to the requirements for sound quality.

Furthermore, since the string of the present invention allows the use of wound strings even in areas where monofilament strings have conventionally been used, the stress can be set to an appropriate value.
The combination of the above characteristics results in a sound quality that is supple and has many harmonic components, with excellent rise and resonance, and improves the balance between the strings.

In the string of the present invention, metal windings or metal band wires and organic material windings or band wires are alternately wound around the core wire, so the winding portion is tightly wound as a whole, and there is no misalignment between the winding wire and the core wire. can be prevented.

In addition, the strings are made of nylon core wire.
Silk, polyester, etc. may be used for the winding, and copper wire, copper alloy wire, etc., and nylon, polyester, silk, etc. may be used for the winding, and the overall result is one that combines the advantages of the sound quality of each material.

Next, considering the manufacturing process of the string of the present invention, since the linear density of the string can be changed by changing the winding portion, a common core wire can be used for each string. Quality control such as core wire density and wire diameter only needs to be performed on one type of core wire, making quality control easier than with conventional strings where quality control had to be performed for each string, and strings with uniform sound quality. can get.

It goes without saying that the strings of the present invention can be used in a wide variety of stringed instruments, including guitars and other stringed instruments in general, such as violins and cellos, but they are particularly suitable for the middle strings of guitars. There is. Furthermore, since the sound quality of the strings of the present invention contains many harmonic components, when used for the 8th to 10th strings of a 10-string guitar, the sound quality is significantly improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1, 3, and 4 are longitudinal cross-sectional lines of the string of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway surface view of the string of FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the strings of Comparative Examples 3 and 4. In each figure, 1 is an organic core wire, 2 is a metal winding wire or band wire,
3 indicates an organic material winding wire or a band wire.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A string for a stringed instrument, characterized in that a metal winding or metal band wire 2 and an organic material winding or organic material band wire 3 are alternately wound around an organic core wire 1. 2. The string for a stringed instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic winding or the organic band wire 3 is made of nylon. 3. The string for a stringed instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that the organic core wire 1 is made of nylon multifilament. 4. The string for a stringed instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic core wire 1 is made of nylon 6, and the organic material winding or organic band wire 3 is made of nylon 6-10. strings.