JPS63233211A - Combustion gas generator for driving gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a device for generating combustion gas for driving a gas turbine.

[Conventional technology]

It has a hollow cylindrical sealed casing and an elongated ventilation tube existing therein, the ventilation tube wall forms an intermediate chamber between it and the casing, and one ventilation tube end forms a combustion chamber, a closed part, and a combustion chamber. The chamber has a combustion air supply volume [1] and a pulverized coal supply opening 7, and the other ventilation cylinder end is disposed at an intermediate position in the air supply connection short pipe of the hollow cylindrical casing.
A device for generating combustion gases for driving a gas turbine is known from German Patent Application No. 31 32 659, which includes a combustion gas outlet connecting short pipe.

The supply opening for the calcining air of this known device opens axially into the combustion chamber at the bottom of the ventilation tube, in which a fluidized bed is formed by the combustion air and the introduced pulverized coal. generated. In this fluidized bed, where the convection heating surface of the boiler is also present, the combustion of the introduced pulverized coal takes place at a pressure considerably higher than atmospheric pressure.

Furthermore, finely divided limestone is introduced into the fluidized bed in order to bind the sulfur dioxide produced during combustion. In consideration of this chemical reaction, the combustion temperature must not exceed 850'C. Therefore, only a very small amount of nitrogen oxides are produced. However, due to the low combustion temperature, there is a problem in that the combustion gas input temperature to the gas turbine connected to the combustion gas outlet connecting pipe of the boiler is low.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of a power plant in which a device for generating combustion gas that drives a gas turbine is installed, and to reduce nitrogen oxides. In order to sufficiently suppress generation, improvements are made and the temperature of the combustion gas in the combustion gas outlet connection short pipe is increased.

[Means to solve the problem]

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

[Effect of action]

The combustion of pulverized coal in a pulverized coal burner takes place at high combustion temperatures of more than 850'C, since in the case of the device according to the invention the sulfur dioxide generated is not combined during the combustion, but only afterwards.

Although the combustion gas produced during combustion is cooled by the convection heating surface inside the ventilator, the combustion gas flowing into the combustion gas outlet 1-1 connecting short pipe is still at a temperature of 850°C or higher. It has a hot temperature. Combustion air supply amount [
1 is the amount of supply directed towards J) [7J O)
1. The swirling flow of combustion air generated by the different arrangement or shape transfers the high-temperature combustion gas to the pulverized coal (I(
between ships] -1, and this will cause i to be in the combustion chamber.
Despite the short existence of the coal, it guarantees perfect combustion of the coal. electric nozzle f7j
H, to spatially divide the air supply amount L'l,
or pulverized coal sleeve opening]-1 is pulverized coal's (Iζζ opening 1
The heat generation in the combustion chamber IIi is distributed depending on the spatial division of the combustion chamber. Historically, combustion has been carried out with a large amount of air, which results in a low combustion rate of 711
Since moxibustion removes nitrogen oxides, the generation of nitrogen oxides is further suppressed. History: 1. Most of the combustion residue has already been purified by removing dust inside the device that generates it.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings.

The boiler in FIG. 1 has a hollow cylindrical casing 2 in which a one-year-long ventilation tube 3 is arranged concentrically. The wall 4 of the ventilation tube 3 is formed by an 11-inch welded finned tube in an airtight manner.

The hollow cylindrical casing 2, L and ventilation tube 3 are arranged vertically. The ventilation tube 3 forms a combustion chamber 5 at the lower end of the ventilation tube, and in addition to the second end of the ventilation tube 3, there is a combustion gas outlet connecting short pipe 6 at the second end of the ventilation tube 3. It is located. An intermediate chamber 7 exists within the gauging 2 between the ventilation tube 3 or the combustion gas outlet L1 connection short pipe 6 and the hollow cylindrical casing 2 .

In front of the combustion gas outlet L1 connection short pipe 6, inside the ventilation tube 3, there is a convection heating surface 8 suspended on a support 9.

The closing part 10 at the end of the ventilation tube, which forms the lower end of the ventilation tube 3, has fins ff' which are also in airtight contact with each other.
It consists of l'. There is a combustion air supply opening L-111 for pulverized coal which opens into the combustion chamber 5.In the closed part 10 there is a combustion air supply opening 12, which is used for the pulverized coal. Supply amount L-:] A pulverized coal burner is formed at 11 and the crosspiece.

The cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber 5 at the end of the ventilation tube forming the lower side 5:1 of the ventilation tube 3 is circular, and the wall 4 of the ventilation tube 3 has a circular cross-sectional shape.
Interpolation amount Ul of two combustion air provided in ] 3
Cooking: Looking in the direction of flow of combustion scum until before 11
It is wide in the shape of "6 yen 1" towards the connecting wisdom pipe 6.

In the combustion chamber E) at a distance from the closed part + +) in the combustion chamber E) is a ventilation tube 4j, ? 4, interpolation amount L1 of pulverized coal
There are 14 of them.

Tough (: Viewed in the direction of the flow of combustion gas toward the combustion gas outlet 1-11 and the short pipe 6 ゛ζ, the interpolation amount provided for combustion air 1'' I3 and the interpolation amount [] 14 of the fine powder IK An air nozzle 15 is located across from G. This air nozzle 15 likewise has a convection heating surface 8 viewed in the flow direction of the combustion gases.
It is placed at 0...■.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the pulverized coal supply Ill opens centrally into the combustion chamber 5 in the axial direction. The combustion air supply opening 12 has a supply amount r-J of pulverized coal.
1. ] in a ring. This supply amount 1''12
has a guide vane 16Z that gives a swirling flow to the combustion air introduced into the combustion chamber 5.

The interpolation amount I3 of combustion air in FIG.

This swirling flow has the same swirling direction as the swirling flow of the combustion air introduced through the feed quantity IZI 12. However, if one, several or all interpolation amounts 1'I3 are directed in the radial direction -
He can also fly.

Similarly, the air nozzle 15 is connected to the air nozzle 15 through which the air introduced in °C is connected to the combustion air introduced through the
It is oriented in the tangential force direction so that it swirls in the same swirling direction as the second flow. Furthermore, this air nozzle 15 is located under the ventilation tube 3 (
! ! Closed part 1 at the end of the ventilation tube forming i M+, 1
0, that is, it is inclined toward the stepped portion 18 of the ventilation cylinder wall 4.

A spirally rising guide plate 17 is provided inside the ventilation tube 3 between the air nozzle 15 and the combustion air interpolation amount 1'' 13. Its Su-1I = Viral Direction is Burning') Sa5 to-J = 'rij L
/ It is determined to give a swirling flow to the combustion residue, and the swirling flow is in the same direction h', E as the air introduced through the air nozzle 15. The guides 4N and 17 are likewise made of fin-j tubes, which are also known as h-ini'6tan.

Between the air nozzle 15 and the guide plate 17, the ventilation tube 3
When viewed in the flow direction of the combustion gas, the cross-sectional area of ζ widens from forming a stepped portion 18 in the ventilation cylinder wall 4 toward the connection pipe 6. Interpolated amount of combustion air n 13
and air nozzle 15! , step part 1
There is an ash removal opening 1'' 19 at 8, and the ash falls downward from this opening L119 in the direction of the arrow 19;l into the gathering room 80.
The ash is discharged outside through the ash discharge pipe 81 (11).

Historically, the support 9 has a cylindrical structure made of two pipes hermetically welded together in the ventilation tube 3.
fchuiT+j 20 is hanging. This power is the 11th power.”
020 exists concentrically at the center of the ventilation tube j between the Urasuke openings 1'-11,'1 of the air and the convection heating surface 8.

The intermediate chamber 7 between the wall 4 of the ventilation tube 3 and the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical casing 2, the air nozzle 15, the supply amount of combustion air [-
Month 2 and pulverized coal supply amount L'11 are connected to the same air compressor 48 via a connecting pipe, and the interpolated amount of combustion air]
”13 is connected to the intermediate chamber 7. Pulverized coal supply amount L
J 114; 1 The coal supply pipe 23 is connected to the connecting pipe 22 on the outside of the casing 2, and the coal supply pipe 23 opens at a point behind the branch point of the connecting pipe 22 and another connecting pipe when viewed in the air flow direction]1 are doing.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the combustion air supply opening 12 opens into the combustion chamber 5 in the tangential direction.

The tangential feed quantity 1j12 is a swirling flow in the same swirling direction as the combustion air introduced therein through the feed opening 12 with the guide vane 4I116 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. ``ζ''

In the 6th V, the supply of pulverized coal l; old -11] and the interpolated quantity 1''14 are connected to a pipe 23 with a liquid pump 24. Through this line 23 a pumpable mixture of water and pulverized coal is conducted. combustion.

The air supply IJ12 is produced according to either FIGS. 2 and 3 or FIGS. 4 and 5.

The mixture of water and pulverized coal is 21!1 I) If only the feed rate is 1" through the 11 and auxiliary openings 14, the combustion gas side or combustion of the boiler is at a fairly large pressure? Continued to 5th part. Historically, the water that evaporates in the combustion chamber 5 is the combustion yAA.
It reduces the amount of "C" and makes it uniform, thereby contributing to reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides.

The cross-sectional shape of the salt Vt chamber 5, which has a circular or polygonal cross-section, has a fuel IJ'l introduced through the supply amount L]12;
``This 6 air assists in the formation of a swirling flow of combustion air in the combustion chamber 5, thereby increasing the supply amount Ll 11 :&
It also assists in the ignition of pulverized coal, which is explained by the government. By introducing a portion of the coal stream into the combustion chamber 5 through the auxiliary amount of combustion air II ] 3 and the air nozzle 15 , the nitrogen oxide emission is further reduced.

The combustion gases flowing upward 51 from the combustion chamber 5 into the ventilator 3 are brought to an appropriate pressure (the cylinder wall 4 GJ is distanced from the inner surface of the gas, thereby protecting it from corrosion by carbon monoxide contained in the combustion gases.

The combustion gases rising from the combustion chamber 5 are diverted by a spirally rising guide plate 17.

This and the air introduced through the air nozzle 15 intensify the swirling of the combustion gases, so that the ash entrained by the combustion gases in °C collects near the ventilation tube wall 4, and most of it is taken out and opened L. It is discharged through 19. The combustion gases thus dust-free and thoroughly purified flow towards the convection heating surface 8 and are cooled there. Since this combustion gas has a low dust content, not only does it hardly cover the convection heating surface 8, but also the combustion gas dust collector connected to the combustion gas outlet connection 1 has a relatively low separation efficiency. You can have one.

The transport of the ash entrained by the combustion gas in the direction of the ash removal opening 19 is carried out by the air nozzle 15 -C? In the summer, the air flow is intermittently strengthened, and the supplementary amount [J
This can be improved if the airflow carried by four people is reduced at the same rate. The sum of both air flows is then preferably substantially constant.

The heating surface 20, which is preferably cylindrically shaped 11, reduces the combustion gas temperature IrJ in the combustion chamber 5 and thereby at the same time reduces the production of nitrogen oxides. That soinyi mouth i
(are wound in a spiral and are in airtight contact with each other. The dirt is suspended from the support 9 by the outlet tube 24. This outlet tube 24 is connected to the convection heating surface at 40 and 11. 8 vs. J
It can also be used as a vertical stay pipe.

Efforts are made to obtain a high combustion gas pressure in the ventilator 3, thereby reducing the reaction time between the charcoal and the combustion air. This results in a very small volume of the combustion space, which consists of C and J'.

Nevertheless, the heating surface 20 cools the combustion gases leaving the combustion chamber 5 sufficiently so that the ash entrained by the combustion gases is not dissolved.

Since all the air introduced into the boiler shown in FIGS. The air pressure in the intermediate chamber 7 is always greater than the pressure of the combustion gas inside the ventilation tube 3. Therefore, the combustion gas does not reach the intermediate chamber 7 from the ventilation tube 3 through leakage points in the ventilation tube wall 4.

The ventilation tube has a combustion chamber having a closed part, a pulverized coal supply opening, and a combustion air supply amount L at its upper end, which is the ventilation tube end, and a combustion chamber having a combustion air supply amount L at the lower end of the ventilation tube. It is also possible to form an outlet connection short pipe so that the combustion gases flow from top to bottom in the ventilation tube.

In addition, in such a boiler, the air nozzle is inclined toward the lower end with a short pipe connecting the combustion gas outlet, and the ash removal opening 21, which has a stepped portion in the ventilation cylinder wall, removes the ash from the lower end. The boiler can be formed in exactly the same way as the boiler shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, except that it is formed so as to slide out from the end of the ventilation tube to be formed.

The gas turbine/steam Tahin combined power plant in FIG. 7 includes a boiler 30 operating as a once-through boiler in FIGS. 1 to 6, a steam turbine having a high pressure turbine section 31 and an intermediate pressure and low pressure turbine section; I have C. This steam turbine is connected to a crown air pipe 33 coming out of the boiler 30, and is connected to a generator 34, and drives this generator 34. In place of the pulverized coal supply line 23 and the connection line from the air compressor 48 shown in FIG. 1, only one air connection line 35 is shown in the boiler 30.

The middle mark and low pressure turbine part of the stem air tank; 32 has a condenser 3G with a jSt water pump 37
, whose condensate pump 37 conveys the fu water via a low-pressure heater 38 to a water supply tank 39 which simultaneously acts as a deaerator. A water pump 40 is connected to the water supply pump 39, and a high-pressure feed water heater 41.58 is connected to the water pump 40). The high-pressure feed water heating: (): continues from A)-1 heating track 43b to the boiler 30 in the water supply pipe 42. This high-pressure heating surface 43 is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 as shown in FIGS. It is formed by 3. These heating surfaces are pre- and final superheating surfaces with an economizer heating surface, a vaporization heating surface and a main steam outlet to the main steam pipe 33 connected in series to each other on the water side.

Boiler 30 or No. 1 I? ] A combustion gas discharge pipe 44 including a dust collector 45 is connected to the combustion gas outlet connecting short pipe 6 of the boiler. The walls of the concentrator 45 consist of finned tubes that are hermetically sealed together to transfer the combustion gas heat to the water-steam circuit of the power plant. A combustion gas turbine 46 is connected downstream of the collector 45, and this gas turbine 46 generates electricity [47] as well as an air compressor 48 in the air supply pipe 35 to the boiler 30.
to drive. On the 4th day of your air compressor, use another air compressor 4
The air compressor 49 is connected upstream and has, as a drive device, an electric motor A50 whose rotational speed can be controlled, for example. Both air compressors 48, 49 form an air compression device in FIG.

Combustion gas exhaust pipe 51 coming out of the combustion gas turbine 4G
, a fin-tube heat exchanger 52 and a high-pressure feedwater heater 4I are connected downstream of the combustion gas turbine 46. The heat exchanger 52 and the high-pressure feed water heater 41 are connected in series in the combustion gas exhaust pipe 51. A steam pipe 53 that guides exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine section 31 of the steam turbine is connected to the steam side of a fin (-J) tube heat exchanger 52, and this heat exchanger 52 is connected to the reheater 11 (1) in the boiler. 1-1 piping 54 to the heating surface 55. The reheater heating surface 55 is numbered as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6].
This is the convection heating surface 80) of the boiler. A steam exhaust pipe 56 of the reheater heating surface 55 leads to the intermediate pressure and low pressure turbine sections 32 of the steam turbine.

The steam flowing from the high-pressure turbine section 31 of the steam turbine to the intermediate-pressure and low-pressure turbine sections 32 is therefore routed to the reheater heating surface 55 in the boiler 30 and from there to the intermediate-pressure and low-pressure turbine sections 32 of the steam turbine. The heat exchanger 52 adds heat to the heat exchanger before sending it to the finned tube heat exchanger 52.

This likewise increases the efficiency of the power plant shown in FIG.

The combustion gas turbine 4G that drives the air compressor 48 is driven at a constant rotation speed, but when the power plant is in partial load operation, the rotation speed of the electric motor 50 that drives the air compressor a49 is reduced. The airscape conveyed by compressor 49 is thereby reduced and the air pressure in front of air compressor 48 is likewise low. The dirt is caused by the gas pressure in the boiler 30 or the ventilation tube 3 of the boiler in FIGS. 1 to 6.
The effective velocity of the air and combustion gas flowing into the ventilation tube 3, which is important for the dust transport, combustion process and ash removal through the ash removal opening 19, is reduced by the load. ζ means not to fall and fall
There is.

FIG. 8 shows the combustion gas starting device γt, in which the same parts as in FIGS. 1 to 6 are given the same reference numerals. This device is formed as a boiler.This device is different from the device shown in FIG. It is different in that it does not have a JJII ferret that is concentrically suspended. Furthermore, an auxiliary amount of pulverized coal 1" 14 is not present between the guide plate 17 and the combustion chamber 5, and between the guide plate 17 made of steel or ceramic and the combustion gas 1 old-1 connecting short pipe 6. It is located at almost the same position as the air nozzle 15. Ventilation pipe wall 4
is made of temporary buttons.

A combustion gas turbine 46 is connected to the combustion gas connection short pipe 6 via a collector V ¥45, and the gas turbine 46 drives a first air compressor 48 and a power generator 47. . First air compressor 4B: second air pressure! l
114ffi49 is connected at the front.

This air compressor 49 has an electric motor 50 whose rotation speed can be controlled as a driving device. Air compressor 4 in Figure 8
8.49 is the air pressure corresponding to the 7th and 1st +J! l? i
W 41i, driven as in 49.

A combustion gas turbine 46 is connected downstream of the boiler 43 on the waste gas side, and its steam is supplied to a steam turbine (not shown).

The guide plate 17 in FIG. 8 is composed of tubes welded together, and the convection horn can be formed into a hot surface, so that the pressure compressor,
49: Pneumatic 4111 machine, 50: Electric motor.

Steam generated in the boiler 43 is guided through a pipe of a guide plate I7 on the way to a boiler (not shown) and is superheated.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus according to the invention formed as a boiler, FIGS. 2 and 3 are partially detailed sectional views and plan views in FIG. 4, and FIGS. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view and a plan view of an apparatus according to an embodiment different from that shown in FIG. 1, FIG.
A schematic piping system diagram of a power plant having a device according to the invention, FIG. 8 shows different practical examples of the device according to the invention! +
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example. 3: ventilation tube, 4: ventilation tube wall, 5: combustion chamber, 6: combustion gas outlet connection short pipe, 8: convection heating surface, 1o: closing part, II
: Pulverized coal supply opening, I2: Combustion air supply amount] 11.
13: auxiliary amount of combustion air L, 15: air nozzle, 17
: Guide plate, 18: Step part, 19: Ash removal opening L1.2o
: Heating surface, 48: Air FIG 3
FIG 5FIG 6

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) It has a hollow cylindrical sealed casing and an elongated ventilation tube existing therein, the ventilation tube wall forming an intermediate chamber between the casing and the ventilation tube end. has a combustion chamber, a closed part, a combustion air supply opening and a pulverized coal supply opening opening into the combustion chamber, and the other ventilation tube end is arranged with an intermediate chamber in the air supply connection short pipe of the hollow cylindrical casing. In a device for generating combustion gases for driving a gas turbine, the supply opening (11) for pulverized coal and the supply opening (12) for combustion air form a pulverized coal burner. In order to generate a swirling flow of combustion air, the combustion air supply opening (12) opens tangentially into the combustion chamber (5) or has guide vanes (16), and A combustion air auxiliary opening (13) opening into the combustion chamber (5) is provided and a pulverized coal auxiliary opening (13) opening into the combustion chamber (5) in the ventilation tube (3) at a distance from the closure part (10). 14) is provided on the ventilation tube wall (4), and an air nozzle (15) is provided on the ventilation tube wall (4) at a distance from the combustion air auxiliary opening (13) when viewed in the flow direction of the combustion gases; The air nozzle (15) is connected to the ventilation tube (3
) to generate a swirling flow in the air introduced into the ventilation tube (3), and this swirling flow follows the same swirling direction as the combustion air introduced through the combustion air supply opening (12). A combustion air supply opening (12) opens into the ventilation tube (3) in the direction of the ventilation tube end forming the lower end, and an auxiliary combustion air opening (12) opens inside the ventilation tube (3).
A guide plate (17) for combustion gas formed in a spiral shape between the air nozzle (15) and the ventilation tube wall (4)
, the spiral direction of which is determined such that the combustion gas has a swirling flow in the same swirling direction as the air introduced through the air nozzle (15), and the combustion gas guide plate (1
7) and the air nozzle (15) or between the air nozzle (
A stepped portion (18) formed by changing the cross-sectional area of the ventilation tube (3) is formed on the ventilation tube wall (4) between the ventilation tube (15) and the combustion gas outlet connection short pipe (6). A combustion gas generator for driving a gas turbine, characterized in that a stepped portion (18) is provided with an ash removal opening (19). 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation duct wall (4) is formed by tubes that are hermetically welded to one another. 3) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing part (10) is formed by tubes that are hermetically welded to one another. 4) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion air auxiliary opening (13) is provided at a distance from the closing part (10). 5) The ventilator (3) has a convection heating surface (8) at the end of the ventilator with a combustion gas outlet connection short pipe (6), which provides a supply opening (11) for the pulverized coal and combustion air for the pulverized coal burner. The supply opening (12) of the convection heating surface (8) when viewed in the flow direction of the combustion gas
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided before the. 6) A claim characterized in that a stepped portion (18) formed by changing the cross-sectional area of the ventilation pipe (3) is provided between the air nozzle (15) and the convection heating surface (8). The device according to item 1. 7) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulverized coal burner is associated with a liquid pump (24) for supplying a pumpable mixture of water and pulverized coal. 8) The device according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber (5) has a circular or regular polygonal cross-sectional shape. 9) The combustion air auxiliary opening (13) opens tangentially to the combustion chamber (5) in the ventilation tube (3), and generates a swirling flow in the combustion air introduced into the ventilation tube (3). 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow has the same swirling direction as the combustion air introduced through the combustion air supply opening (12). 10) Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the combustion air auxiliary opening (13) opens radially into the combustion chamber (5) in the ventilation tube (3). 11) The cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber (5), viewed in the direction of flow of the combustion gases, includes a closed part (
5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that it widens starting from the end of the ventilation tube with 10). 12) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion gas guide plate (17) is formed of tubes welded together and is a convective heating surface. 13) The same air compressor (48) is connected to the intermediate chamber (7) between the hollow cylindrical casing (2) and the ventilation tube wall (4) as well as to the air nozzle (15), and the same air compressor (48) is connected to the combustion air supply opening (1).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply side of the auxiliary opening (13) for combustion air is connected to the intermediate chamber (7) or to the air compressor (48). 14) Combustion air auxiliary opening (13) and convection heating surface (8)
6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that a heating surface (20) consisting of tubes hermetically welded to one another is arranged in the center of the ventilation tube (3) between. 15) Another air compressor (49) is connected upstream of the air compressor (48), and this air compressor (49) has a drive device (50) whose rotation speed can be controlled. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13.