JPS6231623Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in an engine, particularly a supercharged engine suitable for use in relatively large vehicles such as trucks.

As is well known in the art, by pressurizing the air supply of an engine to provide so-called supercharging, engine output can be increased and fuel efficiency improved at the same time. For this reason, in recent years, turbochargers have come into widespread use, in which the energy contained in engine exhaust gas is used to drive a turbine, and the turbine drives a compressor to pressurize the intake air of the engine. When the engine rotates at low speed, the turbocharger cannot supply sufficient supercharging pressure, resulting in a lack of engine output torque. At the same time, this type of turbocharger receives high-temperature exhaust gas and rotates at high speeds ranging from tens of thousands of revolutions per minute to 200,000 revolutions per minute, so advanced technology is not required for design and manufacture. Of course, sufficient maintenance and maintenance must be carried out on a daily basis. Therefore, one purpose of the present invention is to effectively utilize the reciprocating motion of the piston inherent in a reciprocating engine to perform mechanical supercharging and obtain sufficient torque over the entire operating range from low speeds to high speeds. At the same time, it also improves fuel efficiency. Still another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned mechanically supercharged engine which is simple in structure, inexpensive, and easy to maintain.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has compression chambers formed by sealing the cylinder ends of the rear surfaces of the pistons of a plurality of cylinders, and communicates each compression chamber with the intake manifold of the engine via a first valve passage. a supercharging air passage; an intake air passage that communicates each of the compression chambers with the air cleaner via a second valve passage; a discharge valve that is interposed in the first valve passage and opens when the piston descends and closes when it rises; A suction valve is interposed in the second valve passage and opens when the piston moves up and closes when it falls, and each of the supercharging air passage and the intake air passage has at least one side wall that is connected to a common valve that is separate from the cylinder block. The present invention proposes a structure of a supercharged engine characterized by being limited by a lid member. According to the present invention, compression chambers are formed on the backs of the pistons of multiple cylinders of the engine, and during the downward stroke of the pistons, the air in the compression chambers is pressurized and supplied to the engine as supercharging air. This has the advantage of ensuring reliable supercharging over the entire rotation range and stably improving output and fuel efficiency. Furthermore, in the compression chamber,
Since the supercharging air passage communicating through the discharge valve and the intake air passage communicating through the suction valve each have at least one side wall limited by a common cover member separate from the cylinder block, the same cover member By removing them, the discharge valve and suction valve can be easily inspected and repaired. Furthermore, the components of the supercharger are not exposed to high temperatures like in conventional turbochargers, and there are no parts that rotate at high speeds, so failures are less likely to occur, and design and
It also has the advantage of being easy to manufacture.

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figure, reference numeral 10 generally indicates a direct injection multi-cylinder diesel engine, 12 is a cylinder block, 14 is a cylinder liner fitted in the cylinder block 12, and 16 is a piston fitted in the cylinder liner 14. , 18 is a cylinder head, 20 is a fuel injection nozzle, 22 is an intake valve, 24 is an intake port formed in the cylinder head 18, 26 is an intake manifold, and 28 is an air cleaner.

A cover 30 is screwed onto the lower end of the plurality of cylinder liners 14 of the multi-cylinder engine, that is, the end on the back side of the piston, and a piston shaft 16' integrated with the piston 16 is inserted into the center hole of the cover 30.
It penetrates through the O-ring 32 in a sealing manner and in a slidable manner. The piston 16' may be made integrally with the piston 16, or may be made separately and fixed thereto by screwing, for example. 34 is the piston shaft 1
a connecting rod pivoted to the lower end of 6';
36 is a crankshaft connected to the connecting rod. 38 is a compression chamber bounded by the back surface of the piston 16, the cylinder liner 14, and the cover 30; 40 has one end communicating with each compression chamber 38, and the other end bifurcating into a first valve passage 40a and a first valve passage 40a; The air passage 4 constitutes the valve passage 40b of No. 2;
2a is a discharge valve disposed in the first valve passage 40a, and 42b is a suction valve disposed in the second valve passage 40b, the details of which are shown in FIG. 2. That is, the discharge valve 42a positions the valve seat 44a interposed in the first valve passage 40a, the discharge valve plate 46a pressed against the valve seat 44a by the valve spring 48a, and the valve seat 44a, and It consists of a spring seat 50a that receives a spring seat 48a. On the other hand, suction valve 4
0b is a valve seat 44 interposed in the second valve passage 40b.
b, a suction valve plate 46b pressed against the valve seat 44b by a valve spring 48b, and a mounting screw 50b for orienting the valve seat 44b. The first valve passages 40a including the respective discharge valves 42a of the plurality of cylinders communicate with a common supercharging air passage 54a in the casing 52, and similarly, the first valve passages 40a including the respective discharge valves 42a of the plurality of cylinders communicate with the common supercharging air passage 54a within the casing 52, and similarly, the respective intake valves 42a
The second valve passage 40b, including the second valve passage 40b, communicates with a common intake air passage 54b in the casing 52. In other words, the casing 52 in this embodiment has a supercharging air passage 54a and an intake air passage 54b.
It is a lid member that limits the side walls on three sides, and is a one-piece cast product and is detachably attached to the corresponding cylinder block with bolts or the like (not shown).

In the above device, as the engine 10 operates, the air pressurized in the compression chamber 38 when the piston 16 descends is transferred to the air passage 40 and the first valve passage 40a.
The discharge valve plate 46a is opened by overcoming the valve spring 48a, and the supercharging air passage 54a in the casing 52 is opened.
and the intake manifold 26 through the intermediate connecting pipe 56.
is supplied to supercharging. Next, piston 16
When the pressure rises, the pressure inside the compression chamber 38 becomes negative, and therefore the air passage 40 becomes negative pressure, so the discharge valve plate 46a
is closed, and on the other hand, the suction valve plate 46b compresses the valve spring 48b and opens, so that the suction air passage 54b is connected to the compression chamber 3.
8, and outside air is sucked into the compression chamber 38 via the air cleaner 28. That is, according to this device,
As long as the engine 10 is operating, reliable mechanical supercharging is performed according to its rotational speed, so that the engine output is increased and there are no problems such as insufficient low-speed torque, and fuel efficiency is improved. I can do it. Furthermore, all the parts involved in pressurizing the supercharged air are not exposed to high temperatures like in the case of a turbocharger, and there are no high-speed rotating parts.
It has the advantage of extremely low occurrence of failures and high reliability. Further, by removing the casing 52, the discharge valve 42a and the suction valve 42b can be easily inspected and parts replaced, resulting in good maintainability.

Note that the valve designated by the reference numeral 58 in FIGS. 1 and 3 is always closed by spring force during the above-mentioned supercharging operation of the engine, but for some reason, the engine is not operated normally. It is installed so that air is directly supplied from the air cleaner 28 to the air supply manifold 26 when the engine is operated as a non-supercharged engine.

Next, in a second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, the above-mentioned supercharging air passages 54a and 54b are installed in the cylinder block 12 together with the discharge valve and suction valve related devices, and their outer opening ends are connected to a common Although it is covered with a lid member 60, it is clear that this embodiment also provides the same effects as the first embodiment.

As explained in detail above, the supercharged engine according to the present invention includes compression chambers formed by sealing the cylinder ends of the rear surfaces of the pistons of a plurality of cylinders, and the compression chambers are connected to each other through the first valve passage. A supercharging air passage that communicates with the intake manifold of the engine, an intake air passage that communicates each of the compression chambers with the air cleaner via a second valve passage, and an intake air passage that is interposed within the first valve passage and opens when the piston descends and rises. and a suction valve interposed in the second valve passage that opens when the piston moves up and closes when it falls, and each of the supercharging air passage and the intake air passage has at least one side wall that is connected to the cylinder block. It is characterized by being limited by a common lid member separate from the
By employing this structure, it is possible to provide a supercharged engine with a simple structure, fewer failures, and easy maintenance at a low cost, which is extremely useful industrially.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention showing the main parts in cross section, Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the discharge valve and suction valve device parts of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is Part 1 is shown in cross section along the - line in Figure 2.
4 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3 showing a second embodiment of the present invention. 10: Engine, 12: Cylinder block, 1
4: cylinder liner, 16: piston, 26: intake pipe, 38: compression chamber, 42a: discharge valve, 42b:
Suction valve, 52, 60: Lid member, 54a: Supercharged air passage, 54b: Suction air passage.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] a compression chamber formed by sealing each cylinder end on the back surface of the piston of a plurality of cylinders; a supercharging air passage that communicates each of the compression chambers with an intake manifold of the engine via a first valve passage; an intake air passage that communicates the chamber with the air cleaner through a second valve passage; a discharge valve that is interposed in the first valve passage and opens when the piston descends and closes when it rises; and a discharge valve that is interposed in the second valve passage. The supercharging air passage and the intake air passage each have at least one side wall limited by a common lid member separate from the cylinder block. The structure of a supercharged engine featuring: