JPS62296818A - Culture of plant - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] 3. Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention provides a sheet that has continuous gaps with excellent water retention and allows water to pass through the gaps but not plant roots. By cultivating plants in a molded medium with a fertilizer brow and a space adjacent to it, fertilization management is easy, and the same medium can be reused multiple times in a more vigorous humidity environment. This article relates to an effective method for cultivating plants that allows for healthy and vigorous growth using a machine.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, cultivation methods using hydroponic cultivation or artificial culture media that do not use soil have been expanding, and recently rock fiber has been used as an artificial culture medium due to its excellent physical properties and is at a stage of widespread use.

By the way, regarding hydroponic cultivation itself, various methods have been proposed and put into practical use, but all of them involve increasing dissolved oxygen in water or increasing the supply of oxygen to the roots. The water-soluble fertilizer is dissolved in water, and the fertilizer concentration and amount are changed according to the growth of the plant.
The method of supplying it in liquid form is used.

The present inventors previously proposed the use of a coated fertilizer whose elution is physically controlled as an effective fertilization method for artificial culture media (Japanese Patent Application No. 70326/1982).

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In cultivation using hydroponic cultivation or artificial media, the important thing in fertilization management is to create healthy roots that can effectively absorb nutrients, and then to supply nutrients according to the plant's needs. be.

Conventional artificial culture media have a relatively good water retention capacity and are managed in a state of high moisture content, resulting in roots growing in the culture medium with almost no root hair production, a so-called submersible machine. It is something that can be done.

Compared to so-called humid roots, which have many root hairs and grow in soil under normal field conditions, these roots are more susceptible to poor growth in response to environmental abnormalities, and imbalances in nutrient absorption. There are problems such as easy growth, so it is desired that so-called moisture-induced roots be generated even in artificial culture medium.

Furthermore, when an artificial culture medium is used, it is important from economic and waste disposal points of view how many times it can be used repeatedly while maintaining its function for a long time.

Problems have been pointed out with molded artificial culture media, such as the more times the plant is cultivated, the more the roots occupy, and when it is reused, the roots become water channels, causing uneven distribution of nutrients and water.

[Means for solving problems]

The present inventors have developed various methods for effective water supply and fertilization to eliminate problems with fertilization and to encourage the development of moist roots as healthy root hairs of plants, as well as the structure of the culture medium to make this possible. As a result of our investigation, we found that we used a sheet with continuous pores with excellent water retention, allowing water to pass through but not plant roots, a layer of fertilizer on top of the sheet, and a molded medium with spaces in contact with it. Solve the problem by using
The present invention has now been completed.

That is, in the present invention, a molded artificial medium having continuous gaps with excellent water retention properties is used as a nutrient water retainer, and a sheet is placed on top of it, through which nutrient water moves, but plant roots do not pass through. For this purpose, a physically controlled fertilizer that gradually supplies nutrients to the plant body is placed in a state where it can easily come into contact with the plant roots, creating an environment that matches the nutritional needs of the plant. The nutrients in the artificial medium are dissolved in the artificial culture medium and act as a safety valve for nutrient supply.

The upper part of the fertilizer is a space, and by placing the sheet and fertilizer in the so-called moisture that comes into contact with water, rather than in water,
It creates an environment where plant roots can easily grow as humid roots.

Therefore, this space is a place where healthy roots can grow due to moist roots.
It is necessary to maintain a high humidity state to form a nodule, and it is necessary to be able to exchange air with the outside of the culture medium, and it is desirable that it be as wide as possible, but if it is too wide, This is not preferable because abnormal humidity in the space may occur due to a decrease in the amount of water retained in the culture medium.

The width of the space in the artificial culture medium of the present invention varies depending on the width of the culture medium, but the height from the sheet surface is usually 1 to 5 cm.
It is desirable that it is m.

In order to better perform these functions, the upper part of the space is made of a molded artificial culture medium that has excellent water retention properties and has continuous gaps, and the upper part of the sheet is kept in a high humidity state. It has a five-dimensional structure.

In addition, if the artificial medium is difficult to support itself and the plant body when it contains nutrient water, support the artificial medium by using a metal synthetic resin-coated product or a reinforcing body made of a synthetic resin product.
It can be used to free up space.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cultivation bed used to carry out the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an elevation view showing the inside of the cultivation bed. In the figure, 1 is a nutrient water retention bed;
2 is a non-woven fabric, 3 is a fertilizer, 4 is a spatial layer, 5 is a seedling retaining nutrient and moisture retaining bed, and 6 is a seedbed.

In the present invention, a slow-release fertilizer whose elution is physically controlled refers to a fertilizer granular material mainly composed of water-soluble salts coated with a film mainly composed of an olefin polymer and/or an olefin copolymer. It is a coated fertilizer that gradually dissolves fertilizer components through the coating in the presence of water and is used by plants.

Generally, slow-release fertilizers include so-called chemical/biological slow-release fertilizers in which nitrogen-containing organic substances that are poorly soluble in water are used by plants through hydrolysis or microbial decomposition, and physical slow-release fertilizers mentioned above. However, in the case of the former, the environment, such as temperature,
Since it is difficult to provide a stable supply because it is strongly affected by moisture, pH, salt concentration, microorganisms, etc., and it requires conversion to an inorganic state that can be easily used by plants, fertilizers used in the culture medium of the present invention are is not suitable.

On the other hand, with coated fertilizers, in the presence of the moisture required by plants, the expression of the fertilizer effect is affected only by temperature, so by knowing the temperature of the fertilizing environment, it is possible to provide the nutrients necessary to plants. It is a fertilizer that can be supplied at a rate close to that of absorption.

There are many types of coated fertilizers depending on their component composition, component elution period, etc. In terms of component composition, one or more types are combined depending on the type of crop, cropping type, etc., but in any case, the elements necessary for crops are nitrogen, phosphoric acid, processing, lime, magnesia, and iron. , manganese, boron, etc. or,
The component elution period can be determined by determining the type of crop based on the cultivation environment conditions of the crop, especially the temperature and cultivation period.
Fertilization effect can be achieved over the entire crop period by applying fertilizer once. However, if necessary, a conventional fertilizer can be used as a starter, or a combination of two or more types of coated fertilizers, including short-term types, can be used.

The sheet referred to in the present invention is a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers,
It must be water absorbent but impermeable to plant roots and stable in water.

This sheet allows plant roots to come into contact with fertilizer within a limited space and grow while absorbing the nutrients, making it easier to form a so-called root mat. Furthermore, the function of the sheet is to absorb moisture necessary for plant growth and leaching of nutrients from fertilizer.
It must be able to supply the fertilizer and plant roots placed above it, and it must also be able to easily pass nutrients so that if more nutrients are eluted than the amount absorbed by the plants, they can be transferred to the medium below.

〔Example〕

Next, examples will be shown.

Example 1 A method using a cultivation bed according to the present invention was compared with a conventional method when cultivating tomatoes using a cultivation bed mainly made of Otsuka fiber.

For the test plot, a silver sheet wide enough to completely cover the cultivation bed was laid on the soil surface, and on top of it was rock fiber 30 cm long, 92 cm wide, and 5 cm thick for the purpose of retaining nutrient moisture. Then, a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers that allows nutrients and moisture to pass through, but not plant roots, was laid down.

15 nitrogen per tomato plant on the non-woven fabric
An equivalent amount of covered fertilizer (the content will be described later) was applied. Furthermore, create a cavity (2 cm in height from the non-woven fabric surface) above the fertilizer.
Around the cultivation bed, a rock fiber molded to fit tightly was placed, and one castor seedling was planted on it. Furthermore, irrigation tubes were installed near the seedlings so that they could be irrigated as needed.

On the other hand, in the conventional area, a silver sheet was spread on the soil surface, and a 30cm long x 92cm wide x 7cm thick 0 rock fiber was placed on top of it, and tomato seedlings were planted on top of it.

The fertilizer used for the coated fertilizer was dissolved in water and applied through an irrigation tube.

The coated fertilizer was prepared as follows.

As fertilizer A, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate,
The main ingredients are nitric acid processing and sulfuric acid processing, and magnesium sulfate, chelated iron salts, manganese sulfate, and sodium borate are added to a chemical fertilizer containing a small amount of calcium phosphate to produce N-P.
O-K O-Mg-Fe-Mn-B content (wt%
) is 14.5-11.1-14.7-1°33-0.1
7-0.07-0.07, and a granular fertilizer with calcium sulfate as the main component and an N-CaO content (wt%) of 10.3-32.0 as B fertilizer, each fertilizer (particle size 2.38 to 3.84 mm) using a jet coating device, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, talc as a coating agent, perchlorethylene as its solvent, and a surfactant as an elution Km Ex agent. A coating treatment was carried out using the N component, and the N component, which took about 120 days to reach 80% elution rate in water at 20° C., was used as a layer for S.

The weight of each granular coated product thus obtained is A:B=9
They were mixed at a ratio of 0:10 and tested.

On October 5th, 20 plants/area were planted and the first fertilization was applied at the same time.

In the conventional method, fertilization was carried out by preparing the ingredients several times before the harvest was completed, but in the experimental plots, no special preparation of fertilizer was carried out, and only the amount of watering was adjusted and the temperature of the medium was checked, and the required amount for fertilization was not adjusted. The time required was short and it was a considerable labor saving.

Regarding growth conditions, inside the cultivation bed in the test plot, roots with root hairs were actively elongated in humid conditions. Harvesting ended on April 2nd, and as shown in Table 1, the experimental plots were superior in terms of yield and quality.

Note that the sugar content was measured using a hand-held refractive index.

After cultivation was completed, irrigation was stopped and the cultivation bed was dried.

Roots in the internal space of the cultivation bed in the test area could be easily removed, and no problems were observed with continued cultivation.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the method of the present invention, by creating a high humidity condition by hollowing out the interior of a molded artificial medium having continuous gaps with excellent water retention, the growth of healthy roots in humid environments with excellent nutrient and water absorption is promoted. It grows vigorously and is effective in producing high-quality plants. Furthermore, by placing a sheet inside that allows nutrients to pass through but does not allow roots to pass through, roots can be easily removed after cropping and the medium can be reused.Furthermore, the sheet contains fertilizer whose release is physically controlled. By placing a fertilizer, only watering is required, which saves labor in manure management.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cultivation bed used to carry out the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an elevation view showing the inside of the cultivation bed. 1... Nutrient moisture retention bed 2... Nonwoven fabric 3... Fertilizer 4... Space 5... Seedling retention nutrient moisture retention bed 6... Seedbed

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A molded product containing a sheet that is permeable to water but not permeable to plant roots, a layer of slow-release fertilizer with physically controlled elution existing on the sheet, and a spatial layer in contact with this layer. A method of cultivating plants characterized by cultivating plants in a medium.