JPS62189749A - High reliability type optical module - Google Patents
High reliability type optical moduleInfo
- Publication number
- JPS62189749A JPS62189749A JP61030967A JP3096786A JPS62189749A JP S62189749 A JPS62189749 A JP S62189749A JP 61030967 A JP61030967 A JP 61030967A JP 3096786 A JP3096786 A JP 3096786A JP S62189749 A JPS62189749 A JP S62189749A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light emitting
- semiconductor light
- emitting element
- control circuit
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、半導体発光素子の劣化や故障を補うように構
成した光モジュールに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an optical module configured to compensate for deterioration or failure of a semiconductor light emitting element.
光フアイバ通信の発展に伴い、情報伝送の大容歇化、高
速化、長距離化の研究開発が活発に行われるようになっ
てきた。この場合、無中継伝送距離には限界があるので
、必ず光中継器が用いられる。特に海底光ケーブル伝送
のように伝送距離が数百−以上におよぶ場合には、光中
継器が数十個以上用いられる。上記光中継器は一度布設
すれば。With the development of optical fiber communications, research and development into increasing the capacity, speed, and distance of information transmission has become active. In this case, since there is a limit to the non-repeater transmission distance, an optical repeater is always used. In particular, when the transmission distance is several hundred or more, such as submarine optical cable transmission, several dozen or more optical repeaters are used. The above optical repeater can be installed once.
１０年以上にわたって信頼性よく動作しなければならな
い。ところが、光源として用いられている半導体レーザ
は寿命が短い。システムの信頼性を確保するために、従
来第３図に示すように、半導体レーザ１−１．１−２を
２個使用して、１個を予備として用いる方法が検討され
ている（伊藤他’ ｒ Ｆ Ｓ−４００Ｍ方式海底光中
継器」研究実用化報告第３４巻第８号、１９８５年、ｐ
Ｈ６３〜ｐＨ７２） 、第３図の動作は、半導体レーザ
１−１を駆動回路６−１で駆動し、上記半導体レーザ１
−１の出射光を光合波部３を介して矢印５の方向へ伝搬
させるようにしたものである。−そして半導体レーザ１
−１の寿命あるいは劣化にともない、半導体レーザ１−
２を駆動回路６−２で駆動し、光合波部３を介して矢印
５の°方向に伝搬させるものである。Must operate reliably for more than 10 years. However, the semiconductor laser used as a light source has a short lifespan. In order to ensure system reliability, a method of using two semiconductor lasers 1-1, 1-2 and using one as a spare, as shown in Figure 3, has been considered (Ito et al. ' r F S-400M type submarine optical repeater'' Research and Practical Application Report Vol. 34 No. 8, 1985, p.
In the operation shown in FIG. 3, the semiconductor laser 1-1 is driven by the drive circuit 6-1, and the semiconductor laser 1
-1 output light is propagated in the direction of arrow 5 via optical multiplexer 3. - and semiconductor laser 1
-1 due to its lifespan or deterioration, semiconductor laser 1-
2 is driven by a drive circuit 6-2, and propagated in the direction of arrow 5 via the optical multiplexer 3.
上記のような構成では、駆動回路がそれぞれの半導体レ
ーザに用いられているので経済的でなく。The above configuration is not economical because a drive circuit is used for each semiconductor laser.
また全体のサイズも大形化する。また、システムを１０
年以上にわたってほぼ無人で安定に動作させるためには
、半導体レーザの数量もさらに多くしなければならず、
これに伴い、上記構成では駆動回路の数量も同様に増加
するため、ますます大形化してしまうという問題点があ
る。The overall size also increases. Also, the system is 10
In order to operate stably, almost unattended, for more than a year, the number of semiconductor lasers must be increased.
Along with this, in the above configuration, the number of drive circuits also increases, so there is a problem that the size becomes even larger.
本発明では、半導体発光素子の劣化検知と予備の半導体
発光素子への切換駆動を自動的に行い、しかも１個の駆
動回路を用いてそれぞれの半導体発光素子を駆動するよ
うにした光モジュールを得ようとするものである。The present invention provides an optical module that automatically detects the deterioration of a semiconductor light emitting element and automatically switches to a spare semiconductor light emitting element, and drives each semiconductor light emitting element using a single drive circuit. This is what we are trying to do.
半導体発光素子と該半導体発光素子の出射光をモニタす
る受光素子とからなる組合せのデバイスを複数組と、該
複数組の半導体発光素子の出射光を合波する光合波部を
用いた構成を設け、１個の駆動回路の出力を、連動スイ
ッチの１つのスイッチを介してそれぞれの半導体発光素
子に供給して駆動する系と、それぞれの受光素子の出力
を上記連動スイッチのもう１つのスイッチを介して、上
記連動スイッチの制御回路に入力させる系とを設けるこ
とによって、上記制御回路の入力端に接続された最初の
受光素子出力信号が所望値以下になった場合に、上記制
御回路の出力に電圧が発生するようにし、上記電圧によ
って連動スイッチが作動し、つぎの受光素子出力端子、
半導体発光素子駆動用入力端子へそれぞれ切換えるよう
にした。A configuration is provided that uses a plurality of combination devices each consisting of a semiconductor light emitting element and a light receiving element that monitors the light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting element, and an optical multiplexer that combines the light emitted from the plurality of semiconductor light emitting elements. , a system that supplies the output of one driving circuit to each semiconductor light emitting element through one of the interlocking switches to drive it, and a system that supplies the output of each light receiving element to the semiconductor light emitting element through one of the interlocking switches. By providing a system for inputting the input to the control circuit of the interlocking switch, when the output signal of the first light-receiving element connected to the input terminal of the control circuit becomes less than a desired value, the output of the control circuit is A voltage is generated, and the interlocking switch is activated by the above voltage, and the next photodetector output terminal,
The input terminals are respectively switched to input terminals for driving semiconductor light emitting elements.
上記構成により、例えば半導体発光素子、受光素子から
なる組合せのデバイスが多ければ多いほど、長期にわた
り信頼性を高めることができる。With the above configuration, the reliability can be improved over a long period of time as the number of combined devices including, for example, a semiconductor light emitting element and a light receiving element increases.
つぎに本発明の実施例を図面とともに説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明による高信頼度型光モジュールの一実施
例を示す構成図、第２図は上記実施例に用いる光デバイ
スの構成を示す図である。第１図において、１−１〜１
−３は半導体発光素子（例えば半導体レーザ）、２−１
〜２−３は上記それぞれの半導体発光素子の出射光をモ
ニタするための受光素子、４−１〜４−３は上記半導体
発光素子の出射光をそれぞれ伝搬するための導波路、４
−４はそれぞれの導波路４−１〜４−３内を伝搬してき
た光信号を合波させて矢印５の方向に伝搬させる導波路
で、上記導波路４−１〜４−３と導波路４−４とで光合
波部３を形成している。６は上記半導体発光素子を駆動
するための駆動回路、７は上記受光素子２−１〜２−３
の出力信号の値によって連動スイッチ８−１．８−２を
切換え制御するための制御回路、９−１〜９−３は上記
受光素子２−１〜２−３のそれぞれの出力信号端子。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a highly reliable optical module according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of an optical device used in the above embodiment. In Figure 1, 1-1 to 1
-3 is a semiconductor light emitting device (e.g. semiconductor laser), 2-1
- 2-3 are light receiving elements for monitoring the emitted light of each of the semiconductor light emitting devices; 4-1 to 4-3 are waveguides for respectively propagating the emitted light of the semiconductor light emitting devices;
-4 is a waveguide that combines the optical signals propagated in each of the waveguides 4-1 to 4-3 and propagates in the direction of arrow 5, and the waveguides 4-1 to 4-3 and the waveguide 4-4 forms the optical multiplexing section 3. 6 is a drive circuit for driving the semiconductor light emitting device, and 7 is the light receiving device 2-1 to 2-3.
A control circuit for switching and controlling the interlocking switches 8-1 and 8-2 according to the value of the output signal, and 9-1 to 9-3 are output signal terminals of the light receiving elements 2-1 to 2-3, respectively.
１０−１〜１０−３は上記半導体発光素子１−１〜１−
３を駆動するための入力信号端子である。上記連動スイ
ッチ８−１．８−２の端子Ａ、Ｂは、最初、Ａは９−１
に、Ｂは１０−１の端子に接続されている。そして制御
回路７の出力信号によりＡが９−１から９−２へ、Ｂが
１Ｏ−１から１０−２へ切換えられる。最後にはＡが９
−２から９−３へ、Ｂが１Ｏ−２から１０−３へ切換え
られる。光モジュールの動作を第１図により説明する。10-1 to 10-3 are the semiconductor light emitting devices 1-1 to 1-
This is an input signal terminal for driving 3. Terminals A and B of the interlocking switch 8-1, 8-2 are initially connected, and A is 9-1.
, B is connected to the terminal 10-1. Then, according to the output signal of the control circuit 7, A is switched from 9-1 to 9-2, and B is switched from 1O-1 to 10-2. A is 9 at the end
-2 to 9-3, B is switched from 1O-2 to 10-3. The operation of the optical module will be explained with reference to FIG.
上記のようにＡは９−１に、Ｂはｌｏ−１にそれぞれ接
続され、半導体発光素子１−１が駆ωノ回路６によって
＊ ｆＪ）＋される。そして半導体発光素子１−１（本
実施例では１−１〜１−３は半導体レーザであるとする
）の一方の側からの出射光は導波路４−１および４−４
内を伝搬して、矢印５の方向に送られる。半導体発光素
子Ｌ−１の他方の側からの出射光は受光素子２−１で受
光され、電気信号に変換されて制御回路７に入力する。As described above, A is connected to 9-1 and B is connected to lo-1, respectively, and the semiconductor light emitting element 1-1 is driven *fJ)+ by the ω driving circuit 6. The light emitted from one side of the semiconductor light emitting device 1-1 (in this example, 1-1 to 1-3 are semiconductor lasers) is transmitted through the waveguides 4-1 and 4-4.
It propagates inside and is sent in the direction of arrow 5. The light emitted from the other side of the semiconductor light emitting element L-1 is received by the light receiving element 2-1, converted into an electrical signal, and input to the control circuit 7.
ここで制御回路７は、入力信号がある値Ｖｓ以上の場合
には出力信号を生じることなく、連動スイッチ８−１．
８−２はそのままの状態を保つ、上記のような動作の制
御回路は、通常よく知られた電気回路で容易に構成する
ことができる。上記受光索子２−１の出力信号が減少し
たとき、すなわち半導体発光素子１−１が劣化してきて
出射光が減少し、制御回路７への入力信号がＶｓよりも
小さくなると、制御回路７の出力に連動スイッチ８−１
．８−２を駆動させる信号が発生し、端子Ａは９−１か
ら９−２へ、端子Ｂは１０−１から１０−２へと切換え
接続され、最初の半導体発光素子１−１の劣化による出
射光強度の減少に伴って、２番目の半導体発光素子ｌ−
２が同じ駆動回路６によって駆動される。そして、上記
半導体発光素子１−２の一方の側からの出射光は導波路
４−２および４−４内を伝搬して矢印５の方向に送られ
る。半導体発光素子１−２の他方の側からの出射光は受
光索子２−２で受光され、電気信号に変換されて制御回
路７に入力される。上記半導体発光素子１−２も長時間
使用すると、徐々に出射光強度が減少してくるが、この
ように寿命によって出射光強度が減少してくると受光素
子２−２の出力信号も減少する。上記と同様に制御回路
７への入力信号がＶｓよりも小さくなると、制御回路７
の出力に連動スイッチ８−１．８−２を駆動する信号が
発生し、端子Ａは９−２から９−３に、端子Ｂは１０−
２から１０−３に切換え接続される。そして３番目の半
導体発光素子１−３が同じ駆動回路６によって駆動され
、半導体発光素子１−３の出射光が矢印５の方向に伝搬
される。Here, the control circuit 7 does not generate an output signal when the input signal is greater than a certain value Vs, and the interlocking switches 8-1.
8-2 maintains the same state. A control circuit for the above-mentioned operation can be easily constructed using a commonly known electric circuit. When the output signal of the light receiving cable 2-1 decreases, that is, when the semiconductor light emitting element 1-1 deteriorates and the output light decreases, and the input signal to the control circuit 7 becomes smaller than Vs, the control circuit 7 Switch 8-1 linked to output
．． A signal to drive 8-2 is generated, terminal A is switched from 9-1 to 9-2, terminal B is switched from 10-1 to 10-2, and due to deterioration of the first semiconductor light emitting element 1-1. As the intensity of the emitted light decreases, the second semiconductor light emitting element l-
2 are driven by the same drive circuit 6. The light emitted from one side of the semiconductor light emitting device 1-2 propagates within the waveguides 4-2 and 4-4 and is sent in the direction of arrow 5. The light emitted from the other side of the semiconductor light emitting element 1-2 is received by the light receiving cable 2-2, converted into an electrical signal, and inputted to the control circuit 7. When the semiconductor light-emitting element 1-2 is used for a long time, the intensity of the emitted light gradually decreases, and as the intensity of the emitted light decreases with the life of the semiconductor light-emitting element 1-2, the output signal of the light-receiving element 2-2 also decreases. . Similarly to the above, when the input signal to the control circuit 7 becomes smaller than Vs, the control circuit 7
A signal to drive interlocking switch 8-1, 8-2 is generated at the output of , terminal A is switched from 9-2 to 9-3, terminal B is switched from 10-
The connection is switched from 2 to 10-3. The third semiconductor light emitting element 1-3 is driven by the same drive circuit 6, and the light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting element 1-3 is propagated in the direction of the arrow 5.
上記のように、半導体発光素子の劣化を自動的に検知し
、予備の半導体発光素子に自動的に切換えて駆動するこ
とができ、しかも半導体発光素子の駆動回路は１個でよ
いため、低コスト、小形、低消費電力にすることができ
る。As mentioned above, it is possible to automatically detect the deterioration of a semiconductor light emitting element and automatically switch to a spare semiconductor light emitting element to drive it, and since only one semiconductor light emitting element driving circuit is required, the cost is low. , small size, and low power consumption.
なお、本発明では上記のように１個の駆動回路で十分に
機能を果すことが可能であるが、長期間使用に対する上
記駆動回路の寿命を考慮して、本発明は予備の駆動回路
を設けることを制限しない。In addition, in the present invention, it is possible to sufficiently function with one drive circuit as described above, but in consideration of the life of the drive circuit for long-term use, the present invention provides a spare drive circuit. Don't limit things.
第２図は、本発明の高信頼度型光モジュールの一部分を
示した斜視図である。すなわち、第１図に示した半導体
発光素子１−１〜１−３、受光索子２−１〜２−３、光
合波部３を含んだものである。上記光モジュールは、例
えばＩｎＧａＡｓＰ／ＩｎＰ系ＤＢＲ型レーザダイオー
ドアレイおよび受光素子アレイ、光合波部であり、１１
はｎ −ＩｎＰ基板、１２はｐ−ＩｎＰ層、１３はｎ−
ＩｎＰ層で、これらからなる埋込み構造になっており、
１４は溝部である。上記のように、最近では半導体レー
ザや受光素子を３〜５個程度アレイ状に形成する製作技
術が開発されているので、上記のようなアレイ状モノリ
シック素子上に、連！１１１１スイッチ部８−１．８−
２、制御回路７、駆動回路６を集積化して、いわゆる光
電気集積回路（ＯＥＩＣ）を構成すれば、海底光中継器
などのように長期信頼性を要求される個所には、非常に
好適な光モジュールを提供することができる。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a portion of a highly reliable optical module of the present invention. That is, it includes the semiconductor light emitting devices 1-1 to 1-3, the light receiving cables 2-1 to 2-3, and the optical multiplexing section 3 shown in FIG. The optical module is, for example, an InGaAsP/InP DBR type laser diode array, a light receiving element array, and an optical multiplexer, and 11
is an n-InP substrate, 12 is a p-InP layer, and 13 is an n-InP layer.
The InP layer has a buried structure consisting of these.
14 is a groove portion. As mentioned above, recently, manufacturing technology has been developed to form about 3 to 5 semiconductor lasers and photodetectors in an array. 1111 switch section 8-1.8-
2. If the control circuit 7 and drive circuit 6 are integrated to form a so-called opto-electrical integrated circuit (OEIC), it is very suitable for places where long-term reliability is required, such as submarine optical repeaters. Optical modules can be provided.
本発明は上記実施例に制限されない。例えば半導体発光
素子および受光素子の数は、それぞれ２個以上いくらで
もよい。多ければ多い程、長期信頼性が高い光モジュー
ルにすることができる。また、半導体発光素子には半導
体レーザ以外に発光ダイオードでもよく、光合波部３は
グレーティング型の合波素子、方向性結合器型の合波素
子などでもよい。The invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, the number of semiconductor light emitting elements and light receiving elements may be two or more each. The larger the number, the higher the long-term reliability of the optical module. Further, the semiconductor light emitting device may be a light emitting diode other than a semiconductor laser, and the optical multiplexing section 3 may be a grating type multiplexing element, a directional coupler type multiplexing element, or the like.
上記のように本発明による高信頼度型光モジュールは、
半導体発光素子と、該半導体発光素子の出射光をモニタ
する受光素子とを１対のデバイスとする複数対のデバイ
ス、および上記複数対の半導体発光素子の出射光を合波
する光合波部とを有し、１個の駆動回路の出力により、
連動スイッチの１つのスイッチを介してそれぞれの半導
体発光素子をＩ９ＡＭする系と、それぞれの受光素子の
出力を上記連動スイッチの他の１つのスイッチを介して
、上記連動スイッチの制御回路に入力させる系とを設け
たことにより、上記半導体発光素子の劣化検知と、予備
の半導体発光素子への切換駆動を自動的に行い、かつ１
個の駆動回路で行うことができるので、高信頼性を有し
、小形で低コスト、低消費電力の光モジュールを得るこ
とができる。As described above, the highly reliable optical module according to the present invention has
A plurality of pairs of devices each including a semiconductor light-emitting element and a light-receiving element that monitors the light emitted from the semiconductor light-emitting element, and an optical multiplexer that combines the light emitted from the plurality of pairs of semiconductor light-emitting elements. With the output of one drive circuit,
A system for I9AMing each semiconductor light emitting element through one switch of the interlocking switch, and a system for inputting the output of each light receiving element to the control circuit of the interlocking switch via another switch of the interlocking switch. By providing the above, deterioration detection of the semiconductor light emitting element and switching drive to a spare semiconductor light emitting element are automatically performed, and 1.
Since this can be performed with a single drive circuit, it is possible to obtain a highly reliable, compact, low cost, and low power consumption optical module.
すなわち、自己信頼性確保型光モジュールであるため、
半導体発光素子を多くすればする程、何十年にもわたっ
て高信頼性を維持することができる。In other words, since it is a self-reliability optical module,
The more semiconductor light emitting devices are included, the more reliable it can be for decades.
第１図は本発明による高信頼度型光モジュールの一実施
例を示す構成図、第２図は上記実施例に用いる光デバイ
スの構成を示す図、第３図は従来の信頼性確保型光モジ
ュールの構成例を示す図である。
１−１〜１−３・・・半導体発光素子
２−１〜２−３・・・受光素子
３・・・光合波部 ６・・・駆動回路７・・・
制御回路FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a highly reliable optical module according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of an optical device used in the above embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a conventional reliable optical module. It is a figure showing an example of composition of a module. 1-1 to 1-3... Semiconductor light emitting elements 2-1 to 2-3... Light receiving element 3... Optical multiplexing section 6... Drive circuit 7...
control circuit
Claims (1)
ニタする受光素子とを１対のデバイスとする複数対のデ
バイス、および上記複数対の半導体発光素子の出射光を
合波する光合波部を有し、１個の駆動回路の出力により
、連動スイッチの１つのスイッチを介してそれぞれの半
導体発光素子を駆動する系と、それぞれの受光素子の出
力を上記連動スイッチの他の１つのスイッチを介して、
上記連動スイッチの制御回路に入力させる系とを設けた
高信頼度型光モジュール。 ２、上記制御回路は、該制御回路の入力端に接続した受
光素子の出力信号が所望値以下になったときに、上記連
動スイッチを作動させる電圧を出力端に発生することを
特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項に記載した高信頼度型
光モジュール。 ３、上記デバイスは、該デバイスの少なくとも１対が、
同一基板上に形成されていることを特徴とする特許請求
の範囲第１項または第２項に記載した高信頼度型光モジ
ュール。[Scope of Claims] 1. A plurality of pairs of devices including a semiconductor light emitting element and a light receiving element that monitors the emitted light of the semiconductor light emitting element, and a plurality of pairs of devices that monitor the emitted light of the plurality of semiconductor light emitting elements. It has an optical multiplexing section for multiplexing, and a system that drives each semiconductor light emitting element through one switch of the interlocking switch with the output of one drive circuit, and a system that drives the output of each light receiving element through one switch of the interlocking switch. Through one other switch,
A highly reliable optical module equipped with a system for inputting information to the control circuit of the interlocking switch. 2. A patent characterized in that the control circuit generates a voltage at the output end that activates the interlocking switch when the output signal of the light receiving element connected to the input end of the control circuit becomes less than a desired value. A highly reliable optical module according to claim 1. 3. The above device is characterized in that at least one pair of the devices comprises:
A highly reliable optical module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the optical module is formed on the same substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61030967A JPS62189749A (en) | 1986-02-17 | 1986-02-17 | High reliability type optical module |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61030967A JPS62189749A (en) | 1986-02-17 | 1986-02-17 | High reliability type optical module |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62189749A true JPS62189749A (en) | 1987-08-19 |
Family
ID=12318437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61030967A Pending JPS62189749A (en) | 1986-02-17 | 1986-02-17 | High reliability type optical module |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62189749A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004193610A (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-07-08 | Agilent Technol Inc | Transmitter array |
-
1986
- 1986-02-17 JP JP61030967A patent/JPS62189749A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004193610A (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-07-08 | Agilent Technol Inc | Transmitter array |
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