JPS61292690A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The invention will be explained in the following order.

Industrial Application Field Overview of the Invention Conventional Technology Problems to be Solved by the Invention and Embodiments of Solving Means Configuration Explanation of the Electronic Musical Instrument in Figure 1 Explanation of the Operation of the Electronic Musical Instrument in Figure 1 1 Main Processing (Figure 5) ) 2. Program processing (Fig. 6) 3. Press I writing processing (Fig. 7) 4. Key release writing processing (Fig. 8) 5. Automatic accompaniment processing (Fig. 5) 6. Interrupt processing ( (Fig. 9) 1. Read processing (Fig. 10) 8. Interruption processing (continued) Modifications of the embodiment Effects of the invention [Field of industrial application] This invention relates to an electronic musical instrument with an automatic accompaniment device, and particularly ,
The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that has a so-called rhythmic chord function that produces chords (chords) input from a keyboard in a predetermined rhythm.

[Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides an electronic musical instrument with a rhythmic chord function that automatically detects the key press timing for specifying the chord generation timing, and stores this key press timing in a rewritable memory. This makes it possible to create a desired glue code pattern by real-time input.

[Conventional technology] Traditionally, rhythmic chords in electronic musical instruments include ■
Rhythmic chords using normal auto base chords (ABC) and chord sequencers using step input are known.

However, the automatic bass chord system (■) only plays back pre-stored patterns, and lacks variety and taste, and the chord sequencer (■) inputs pitch and note length information step by step. Therefore, the actual performance cannot be immediately grasped, and it is difficult to control key presses and releases at precise timings.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention and Means for Solving] This invention provides an electronic musical instrument with a rhythmic chord function that automatically divides and plays chords at predetermined timings (rhythms). The purpose is to open up pattern creation and enable performers to create patterns suitable for their own performance through real-time input.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention automatically detects the press timing of a chord tone ON/OFF specified key that is pressed by a performer in accordance with a predetermined tempo, and stores this press timing as accompaniment pattern information in a memory that can be written as accompaniment pattern information. I am trying to store it in .

[Example] The present invention will be described in detail below using the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an overview of the operation surface of an electronic musical instrument with custom rhythm chords according to an embodiment of the present invention. This electronic musical instrument is an electronic musical instrument with a rhythmic chord function that rhythmically opens and closes chord tones specified by pressed keys on a keyboard according to pattern data sequentially read out from a read-only memory. . In this electronic musical instrument, the C2 and D2 keys on the keyboard are also used as keys for specifying chord tone on/off. The C2 key is used to specify the timing of normal chord tones, and the D2 key is used to accent chord tones.

Explanation of the configuration of the electronic musical instrument in Figure 1 The operation panel in Figure 1 includes a keyboard 1 for playing melody, a pattern select switch 2 for selecting one of the accompaniment patterns already installed in the read-only memory, and automatic accompaniment. In addition to switches common to conventional electronic musical instruments, such as a run/stop switch 3 and a tone select switch 4 for selecting execution/stop of the program, a program switch 5 for selecting a program mode (accompaniment pattern creation mode) , a user pattern switch 6 for selecting a user pattern, which is a pattern created in program mode, as an accompaniment pattern during automatic accompaniment; a clear switch 7 for erasing user patterns all at once during program mode; and the above-mentioned existing accompaniment patterns. Transfer switches 8 are arranged to temporarily copy a desired accompaniment pattern as a user pattern when correcting any one of them to create a user pattern. Further, the metronome display lamp 9 blinks every beat (quarter note) to inform the performer of the performance tempo.

FIG. 2 shows the hardware configuration of the electronic musical instrument shown in FIG. In the figure, a keyboard circuit 10 detects a pressed key on a keyboard 1 (FIG. 1) and generates key information (key code) representing the pressed key. As shown in Fig. 3, this key code is located at the pressed I (key) positions C1, C#I, D+, .
Corresponding to ・・・+B l * 02 *..., each C note has a multiple of 12 (in decimal notation) 12.24°36,...
, and the other keys are assigned numerical values that increase by 1 for each semitone. The (key) code representing a rest, that is, a state in which no key is pressed, is O. In the following, numerical data such as key codes will be expressed in decimal numbers unless otherwise specified.

Central processing unit! (CPU) 11 has two-way path line 1.
2, in addition to the keyboard circuit 10, a program memory 13, a working memory 14, a pattern memory 15, and a switch group 16 consisting of each operation switch 2 to 8 (FIG. 1) are connected.
, tempo generator 17 and tone generator (TG>
18 etc. is connected.

The CPU 11 takes in key information output from the keyboard circuit 10 and switch information from the switch group 16,
Operation of the entire electronic musical instrument is performed, such as forming predetermined musical tone information (information such as start of sound generation, stop of sound generation, pitch, timbre, etc.) through arithmetic processing based on this information, and sending this musical tone information to the tone generator 18. control.

Program memory 13 is read-only memory (ROM)
The control program for the CPU 11 is stored therein.

The working memory 14 is for temporarily storing various data generated when the CPU 11 executes a control program, and is, for example, a random access memory (RA).
M), and is provided with the following various flags, registers, buffers, etc.

QNT: Counts the clock counter tempo clock 0 to 2 CLK: Increment count value when the count value of the timing counter QNT changes from 2 to 0 degrees 0 to 31 (0 to 15: current timing within an odd numbered measure, 1
6-31: Current timing within even measures) OLDCLK
:Previous timing value register CLK value one cycle before (normally CLK-1, however, when CLK=O, 0LDcLK=31
)RUN: Run Flag Rhythm Code Running Pa1" or Stop II OI+ Flag KC Niprogram Key Code Register During program mode, 1 or 2 (C2:1) is set for actual key presses (C2 and Dz only).゜Dz:2) value. 1 corresponds to normal key-on, 2 corresponds to accented key-on T: CLK temporary buffer 0LDT: 0LDCLK temporary buffer ROOT:
CHORD takes values from 0 to 11 corresponding to root note name registers C, C#~B
:Code type register C, 0M7, Cm, C7, Cy 5US
a, Cm7.

DLT, N0T that takes the value of Cm7 corresponding to Cm7-5
E: KEY: Rhythmic chord key code register [m
l: Data reading pointer pattern For reading data in the memory 15. m=T.

0LDT, CLK, 0LDCLK, Bo(nta [ml
indicates the contents of the address m in the pattern No. specified by the pattern select switch (including the user pattern switch 6). In the following explanation, each register etc. and its contents shall be represented by the same label name.

For example, both the key code register for rhythmic chords and its contents are KEY.

As shown in FIG. 4, the pattern memory 15 includes a read-only ROM area in which existing accompaniment patterns (pattern numbers 1 to 12) are stored, and a rewritable ROM area in which a user pattern (pattern number 13) is stored. RAM area (
pattern register). Each pattern area is provided with a 2-bit, 33-byte key code storage area for storing accompaniment data (off 20, normal on (C2 key): 1, and accented on (D2 key): 2). ing. These patterns are the addresses (Cm
31) corresponds to the count value of the timing counter CLK. In other words, address 1 contains the accompaniment pattern data at timing 1, ..., address 31 contains the data at timing 31, and so on. Data at the timing is stored. Furthermore, data O is always stored at address -1.

The tempo setter 17 is composed of, for example, a variable frequency oscillator or a fixed frequency oscillator and a variable frequency divider that divides the output of this oscillator to create a tempo clock, and has a frequency of 1/12 of one beat. A tempo clock QNT having a cycle, that is, a frequency three times that of the timing counter CLK is generated. The cycle of the tempo clock is varied by a tempo setter (not shown) (volume, switch, etc.) arranged on the operation surface.

The tone generator 18 has four sound generation channels for accompaniment sound formation, three sound generation channels for melody sound formation, and one sound generation channel for bass sound formation, and generates musical tones corresponding to musical tone information given from cPUll. (melody sound, accompaniment sound and bass sound) form a signal. This musical tone signal is converted into sound and produced by a sound system (not shown).

Description of the operation of the electronic musical instrument shown in FIG. 1 Next, the operation of this electronic musical instrument will be explained with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5 to 10.

1. Main Process Referring to FIG. 5, when the electronic musical instrument is powered on, the CPU 11 starts operating according to the control program stored in the program memo 3 (step 10).
0). In step 101, a clock counter QNT, a timing counter CLK, a root register register ROOT, a run flag RUN, and a program key code register K are used.
After initializing the entire circuit by clearing C and setting the previous timing value register 0LDCLK to -1, the main processing operation consisting of steps 102 to 121 and step 200 is executed.

In step 102, program switch 5 in switch group 16 is tested to determine the operating mode of the electronic musical instrument. If the switch 5 is in the on state, the program mode is in effect, and the program processing (described later) in step 200 is executed. On the other hand, if the switch 5 is in the off state, the automatic accompaniment processing in steps 110 to 114 (described later) is executed as the automatic accompaniment mode. After execution, the process moves to step 120. In step 120, the run/stop switch 3 is inspected, and each time the run/stop switch 3 is pressed, the run flag is toggled to RIJN ``O'' tfi RA 1 '' matc HA 1 '' KA13 ``O''. do. In the following step 121, the pattern select switch 2 is scanned to detect the selected pattern (1 to 12) or pattern register (=pattern 13), and the successive pointer [ml is set to the start address of the selected pattern 1 to 13. After executing the pattern select switch processing such as , the process returns to step 102 .

2. Program Processing FIG. 6 shows the program processing subroutine of step 200 in FIG. Referring to FIG. 6, in step 201, it is determined whether the current moment is immediately after the program switch 5 is turned on. If the run flag RUN is set to "1" at step 202 even if it is immediately after turning on, run/stop switch 3
In addition to forcibly turning on the root note name register ROOT
Clear and set the code type register CHORD to C major. If it is not immediately after turning on, step 202 is not performed and step 2 is directly executed from step 201.
Proceed to 03.

In steps 203 and 204, it is determined whether the transfer switch is on, and if it is on, that is, when creating a new pattern while editing any of the existing patterns 1 to 12, the currently selected accompaniment Transfer pattern to pattern register.

Further, in steps 205 and 206, it is determined whether the clear switch 7 is turned on or not, and if it is turned on, that is, when a completely new pattern is to be created, all pattern registers are cleared.

In step 210, the run flag RIJN is checked.

If the run flag RUN has been reset, this means that the pattern creation is finished and the run/stop switch 3 is in the stopped state, so the program processing routine is immediately executed and the main processing (step 5 in Figure 5) is executed. 12
Return to 0). On the other hand, if the run flag RLIN is set, the process moves to step 211.

In step 211, it is determined based on the key code output from the keyboard circuit 10 whether a key press or key release event has occurred. If a key press event has occurred, the key code of the key where the key press event has occurred is checked in step 212.

Here, the keys that can be used in the program are the C2 key for normal chord tones and the D2 key for accented chord tones. Therefore, if the 02 or D2 key is pressed in step 212, the key code 1 (C2) or 2 (D
2) Store.

Subsequently, a key press writing process (described later) in step 300 is executed, and the process moves to step 220.

If the occurrence of a key release event is detected in step 211, the process moves to step 230. In step 230, if the released key is the C2 or D2 key, the process moves to step 231 or 232 depending on the released key, and the content of the key code register and the programming key code assigned to 02 or D2 (C2: 1, D2:2). If they match, a key release write process (described later) in step 400 is executed, and then the process moves to step 220.

On the other hand, if the run flag RUN is not set (step 210), or if the key press is a continuation of the previous key press, or if it is not a key press or key release event (
Step 211), or if the event is other than the C2 and D2 keys (Steps 212, 230), or if the released key is not stored in the key code register KC (Steps 231, 232), Step 213, 214 and 300 or step 2
The process moves to step 220 without performing the processes 30 to 232 and 400.

In step 220, chord tone color selection processing is executed. In this electronic musical instrument, the chord tone select switch and the tone select switch 4 for melody tone are also used, and in step 220 chord tone information corresponding to the selected state of the tone select switch 4 is sent to the tone generator 1.
Send on 8th. Note that the above-mentioned push 1 writing process (step 3
00) and key release write processing (step 400), interrupt processing such as a timer interrupt, which will be described later, is prohibited.

3. Key press writing process FIG. 7 shows details of the key press writing process (step 300) in FIG.

In this electronic musical instrument, a tempo clock with a cycle of 1/12 of one beat is counted by a ternary clock counter QNT, and as shown in FIG. A 32-decimal timing counter CLK that counts up to 31 is incremented.

In addition, each count value is stored in the pattern register (CLK=n
-1, QNT=2) to (CLK=n, QNT=1) are written as those at timing CLK-n.

That is, referring to FIG. 7, in step 310, the count value QNT of the clock counter is checked.

If the count value QNT is 2, the timing counter CLK and the previous timing value counter 0LD are set in step 311.
CLK is incremented and the counted values are stored in temporary buffers T and 0LDT, respectively. Then, in subsequent steps 314 and 315, if the count value exceeds 31, the temporary buffer T is cleared, and if it does not exceed 31, the process directly proceeds to step 320. On the other hand, if it is QNT"C2 in step 310, step 3
16, the count values of the timing counter CLK and the previous timing value counter 0LDCLK are temporarily buffered without incrementing them. After storing in T and 0LDT, the process moves to step 320.

In step 320, the temporary buffer 0LDT and the king are used as pointers [0LDT] and [T], and the rest data O and the above-mentioned steps 213 and 214 are placed in the address specified by each pointer in the pattern register.
The key code KC is stored in the key code register.
Write. As a result, "key press start" information is written in the current timing position [T] of the pattern register, with the previous event being the rest O and the current event being the key code KC. Furthermore, in step 321, key-on processing (processing to start sound generation using the current key code) of the tone generators 18 in channels 1 to 3 is performed. Here, the respective channels are C and E.

Pronounce it with G. In other words, during program mode, 1 to 3
The sound generated by each channel is fixed to C, E, and G, and the sound is generated in C major. After completing the process of step 321, the original routine (step 220 in FIG. 6)
Return to

4. Key release writing process FIG. 8 shows the key release writing process (step 400) routine of FIG.

Referring to FIG. 8, in step 401, channels 1 to
3, the tone generator 18 is keyed off (processing to stop sound generation using the currently released key code), the contents of the timing counter CLK are stored in the temporary buffer T in step 402, and stored in the address [T] of the pattern register in step 403. The old information that was previously stored in the temporary buffer TE
This is stored in the MP, and new information (a rest) indicating "end of key press = key release" is stored at this address. Subsequently, in step 404, the key code buffer KO is cleared to put it in a rest state, and then the process moves to step 405.

In step 405, it is determined whether the old information TEMP is O (rest). If the old information TEMP is a rest, the process returns to the original routine (step 220 in FIG. 6).

On the other hand, if the old information TEMP is other than a rest (NO), when automatic accompaniment is performed as is, the accompaniment sound based on the old information will continue again immediately after the key release of the new information in the part that has been rewritten (overwritten) with the new information. Therefore, in steps 410 to 413, as shown in FIG. 12, ll1! of new information B is pronounced. After that, everything in the old information A until the key release information (rest) is found is deleted to make it a rest.

That is, referring to FIG. 8, in step 410 timing data T is incremented, and in step 411 it is determined whether timing T exceeds 31 or not. If the pattern data write range (0 to 31) is exceeded, the process returns to the original routine (step 220 in FIG. 6). If it is less than 31, it is determined in the next step 413 whether or not the old information written at address [T] is a rest. If it is a rest, return to the original routine (step 22 in Figure 6).
Return to 0).

This means that even if the old information is new, the key-on occurs with at least one rest in between after the key is released.In other words, if the rising edge is clear (C in Figure 12), emphasis is placed on the rising edge and the pronunciation information is left as is. It's for a reason. On the other hand, if the data of A1 Mires [T] is not a rest, rest data is written there, and then the process returns to step 410.

5. Automatic accompaniment processing Referring to FIG. 5, if the program switch 5 is turned off in step 102 as described above, the processing proceeds to step 110.
to move to. In this step 110, the output of the keyboard circuit 10 is taken in, and it is determined whether or not a new key press has occurred. If there is a new key press, it is determined in step 111 whether the new key press is an accompaniment key. As a result of the determination in step 111, if the key pressed is by an accompaniment key, a chord (root note and chord type) is detected in step 112;
If so, in step 113, the tone generator 18 is controlled according to the pitch of the pressed key, and the tone generator 18 is made to produce sound according to the pressed key. If the determination in step 110 is "no new key press", the process proceeds to step 114 without performing steps 111 to 113. In step 114, switch group 1
After scanning the tone color select switch 4 of 6 to detect the switch information and sending the tone color information to the tone generator 18, the process moves to step 120.

6. Interrupt processing As mentioned above, in the electronic musical instrument shown in FIG. 1, the following interrupt processing is performed using the tempo clock generated from the tempo generator 17 at a timing of 1/12 of one beat (quarter note) as an interrupt signal. (Step 500) is executed.

In FIG. 9, in step 501, the run flag RUN
Inspect. If the flag RUN is 'O'', then step 501 because the accompaniment pattern is not being created or automatic accompaniment is being performed.
Timing counter CLK and clock counter Q
Clear NT and set previous timing value counter 0LDC
After setting LK to -1, cancel the interrupt and return to the original routine.

On the other hand, the determination in step 501 is that the run flag RUN=゛1
'', this means that an accompaniment pattern is being created or automatic accompaniment is being performed. In this case, the contents of the clock counter QNT are checked in step 503.

If the content of counter QNT is O, step 6
00 read processing is executed.

Knee 111'' In FIG. 10, in step 601, the contents of the key code register KC are checked. If the contents of the register KC are other than O, the key is currently being pressed in the program mode, so the process moves to step 602 and the key code KC of the currently pressed key is transferred to the address [CLK] (pattern register) indicated by the timing counter CLK. ), then
The process returns to the original routine (step 505 in FIG. 9). This storage process is performed every time there is an interrupt until the key is released.
As a result, the key code KC is stored in the pattern register at each address [CLK] corresponding to the timing from the key press to the 11th key.

On the other hand, if the content of the key code register KC is O in step 601, the process proceeds to step 603, where the pattern selected by the pattern select switch 2 or the user pattern switch 6 (the read pointer is set in step 121 in FIG. ) about the current event data [C
LK] and previous event data [0LDCLK], and performs processing according to the meaning of the combination. These combinations and their meanings are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 [CLK] [0LDCLK] Meaning (processing) 0
0 Rest ONO key on''rc0 0 Key off\O large 0
However, during key on, 0: Rest? 0 (=1 or 2) 1: Normal on 2: Accented on If the combination of the above event data means a rest or key-on, the process returns to the original processing routine (step 505 in Figure 9). .

If the key is off, the process proceeds to step 620, where all four channels execute key off processing for the tone generator 18, and then return to the original processing routine (step 50 in FIG. 9).
Return to 5).

Further, if the key is on, the process moves to step 630. In step 630, channel number 1 is set to an initial value of 1. In the following step 631, the program memory 13
Alternatively, the pitch correction value for channel number i and chord type CHORD (stored in step 112 in FIG. 5) is read from the key/offset data table (FIG. 13) formed in a part of the pattern memory 15 and stored in the temporary buffer DLT. Store in. The pitch correction value 12 in the key offset data table means "no sound", and the determination in step 632 is for performing pitch correction only when the pitch correction value DLT in the temporary buffer DLT is not 12. It is something. That is, if the pitch correction value DiT is not 12, steps 633 to 635 are executed, and on the other hand, if the pitch correction value DLT is 12, the process directly proceeds to step 636.

In step 633, the pitch correction value DLT. is added to the root note name data ROOT to obtain the note code to be generated on channel 1, and the note code is stored in the key code register KEY. In step 634, the note code in the register KEY is set to 2.
By adding 4, this note code is shifted by two octaves and converted into pitch data (key code) of 03 to B3, which is the accompaniment sound range. In the following step 635, key-on processing for the tone generator 18 is performed using the key code KEY thus adjusted to the actual pitch.

In step 636, the channel number i is incremented, and then in step 637 it is determined whether this channel number i exceeds 4. Here, there are four musical tone forming channels for accompaniment, and the key-on processing of musical tones constituting the chord is performed in order from channel 1, so if channel number i exceeds 4, all four channels are This means that the key-on processing has ended. Therefore, if the channel number i is 4 or less, the process returns to step 631 and steps 631--
636 key-on processing is executed, while step 6
If the channel number exceeds 4 at step 31, the process returns to the previous processing routine (step 505 in FIG. 9).

8. υ゛Processing) Referring to FIG. 9, in step 505 the clock counter QNT is incremented (updated), and in step 506 it is determined whether the count value of the clock counter QNT exceeds 2 or not. If the count value is 2 or less, the interrupt is canceled and the original routine is returned to.

Since the counter QNT is a ternary counter that counts 0 to 2, if the count value QNT exceeds 2, it will count 0 to 2.
We have finished counting one cycle of . In this case, the process advances to step 507 to clear the counter QNT, and at the same time, in step 508, the timing counter CLK is incremented (
Update. Further, in step 509, the count value of the 32-decimal timing counter CLK that counts 0 to 31 is 3.
It is determined whether the value exceeds 1 or not. If it is not exceeded, the counter CLK is cleared, and if it is exceeded, the counter CLK is cleared in step 510, and then the interrupt is canceled and the process returns to the original routine.

[Modifications of Embodiments] Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications. For example, in the above embodiment, a case has been described in which a four-beat accompaniment pattern is created and automatically played, but the timing counter CLK is operated between 0 and 23 and O and 15 for three and two beats, respectively. If so, it is clear that it can be implemented in the same way as in the case of four beats. Further, in the above description, only one set of user pattern registers (memories) is provided, but it is also possible to provide a plurality of registers (memories). Also, the root notes are O~11 from C to B, but from G to 8
Transposition using the above-mentioned root note may be performed by lowering the pitch by one octave from G to F# by -5 to +6. Furthermore, since the above-mentioned electronic musical instrument is controlled by a tempo clock, it is also possible to provide a rhythm pattern and generate rhythm sounds in synchronization with the automatic accompaniment. Furthermore, as a code input method, any method such as a single finger code can be used in addition to a finger code.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the electronic musical instrument of the present invention detects in real time the timing of chord pronunciation that is input by pressing a key in accordance with a predetermined tempo and stores it in memory. allows you to create and play original rhythmic chord patterns in a simple way.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overview diagram of the operation surface of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of the musical instrument of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a key diagram of the musical instrument of FIG. 1. 4 is a configuration diagram of the pattern memory in the musical instrument shown in FIG. 1, FIGS. 5 to 10 are flowcharts for explaining the operation of the musical instrument shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the overwriting operation in the musical instrument of FIG. 1, and FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of the key offset data table in the memory. 1: Keyboard, 2: Pattern select switch, 5 Nitrogram switch, 6: Utility Avatar select switch, 7: Clear switch, 8: Transfer switch, 10: Keyboard circuit, 11: CPU. 13: Niprogram memory, 14: Working memory, 15: Pattern memory, 16: Switch group, 17: Tempo generator, 18: Tone generator. Bar V' Tar T Fig. 2 Fig. 3 - I O+ -----31 Fig. 4 [- Main processing. 70 subjects - Figure 5 Figure 9

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic accompaniment device that repeatedly plays a limited accompaniment pattern in a certain range while changing it based on chord information, which includes a key for specifying on/off of chord tones; , a means for detecting the generation timing of the key information sequentially generated by the operation of the on/off designated key with respect to a predetermined performance tempo; a rewritable memory means; and a means for detecting the generation timing of the key information in the memory as accompaniment pattern information. and a means for forming musical tones based on chord information input from the keyboard at the timing specified by the accompaniment pattern read from the memory, so that an accompaniment pattern to be automatically played can be created in real time using the keys. An electronic musical instrument characterized by: 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein a predetermined key of a keyboard also serves as the chord tone on/off designation key.