JPS60219400A - Lining method and apparatus of tunnels - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for lining tunnels.

During tunnel construction, the excavated surface is lined with concrete as the excavation progresses.

Conventionally, the method of lining the tunnel cross section with concrete was to convey a mixture of cement and aggregate by air from the main body of the spraying machine, and the nozzleman held the nozzle and sprayed it directly onto the wall surface. was.

However, with this spraying method, the lining material collides violently with the sprayed surface such as rock, causing a lot of material to bounce back, which increases material loss. There was also a safety issue as the aggregate would bounce back and rain down on the nozzle man. Furthermore, since the conventional method uses a simple spraying method using a nozzle, there is a problem in that if the ground is uneven, the finished surface becomes uneven, requiring troublesome corrections.

The present invention eliminates the disadvantages and shortcomings of the conventional methods as described above, and provides a tunnel lining method that eliminates the risk of splashing material loss and collision of splashed material with personnel, and can form a smooth finished surface without unevenness. The aim is to obtain equipment suitable for implementing this construction method.

In order to achieve this object, the present invention, when lining tunnels by the spraying method, arranges a movable formwork of a required size to face the excavation surface with a desired gap, and lines the gap. The construction method is characterized by moving the movable formwork while spraying the material.

Further, the present invention is characterized by a formwork member, a support member supporting the formwork member from behind, a means for moving the formwork member together with the support means in the tunnel axis direction, and a spraying nozzle. The purpose of spraying the lining material is to use an apparatus equipped with means.

The present invention will be explained below based on the accompanying drawings.

1 to 8 show an example of a tunnel lining method according to the present invention, and FIGS. 4 to 9 show an embodiment of a tunnel lining apparatus according to the present invention.

In the drawing, A e A' is the side wall of the tunnel, B,
B is the arch part of the tunnel, and C is the bottom surface (travel surface).

The present invention uses a movable formwork 1 having a shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel when permanently lining the tunnel cross section excavated as described above by spraying concrete or mortar, and extends the movable formwork 1 at a distance similar to the lining thickness. In this state, the movable form 1 is slid while spraying the lining material W between the movable form 1 and the tunnel wall.

The movable formwork 1 may have an integral structure with a U-shaped cross section corresponding to the tunnel cross section, or the side wall portions A, A and the arch portions B, B may be connected with hinges, slides, etc. in a variable curvature manner. It may also have an integral structure with a U-shaped cross section. In this embodiment, from the viewpoint of cost and work efficiency,
As shown in the figure, the tunnel cross-sectional dimension is divided by about 1/1, that is, it is divided into a substantially straight side wall member 1α and a curved arch member 1h, and the left and right side walls A are divided by the side wall member 1α. , A, and the arch members 1b cover the left and right arch portions B and B' with the tunnel center as a boundary.

In any case, the movable formwork 1 is made of a rigid material such as iron, and the front surface facing the side walls A, A' and the arch parts B, E should be sprayed to prevent the material from directly adhering. In order to reduce resistance due to material adhesion during spraying during movement, it is desirable to stretch a smooth surface material 2 of a predetermined thickness such as a plastic sheet such as vinyl, nylon, or Teflon. The movable formwork 1 may have a simple plate shape, but it is desirable to attach a movable plate 5 to the end (lower side) in order to prevent material from falling and leaking during spraying.

FIG. 9 shows an example of this, in which a flange 12 is formed on the movable formwork 1, a movable plate 5 is attached to the flange 12, and bolts 6 are completely passed through long holes 51 provided in the movable plate 5. Tighten with nut 7.

The back of the movable formwork 1 is supported by a support means 3, and this support means 3 is further attached to a moving means 4, and the moving means 4
The tunnel is moved at a predetermined speed in the tunnel axis direction. When the movable formwork 1 is of a split type, it is desirable that it can also move in a direction intersecting the tunnel @ line.
□ The supporting means 3 may be a fixed beam, but in this embodiment, the side wall portions A, A, and the arch portion B are the construction surfaces.

In order to form a lining layer with as uniform a thickness as possible on B', left and right adjusting beams 31, 31 and vertical adjusting beams 32 and 32 are installed.
and a perspective adjustment beam 33.

In this embodiment, each of the adjustment beams is configured as a fluid pressure cylinder, and includes a left and right adjustment beam 31.31 and a vertical adjustment beam 3.
2.32, the tip of the piston rod 300 is pivotally connected to the support 13 provided on the back of the movable formwork 1 with a pin 301, and a protruding shaft 302 is provided at the rear end of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 6a. This protruding shaft 302 is pivotally attached to the head 330 provided at the tip of the piston rod of the distance adjustment beam 3s with a pin 303, the cylinder 33 serving as the distance adjustment beam is connected to the base body 34, and the base body 34 is mounted on the moving means 4. ing.

In this embodiment, since the movable formwork 1 is shared by the left and right side walls and the arch, the perspective adjustment beam 33 or a shaft-like support 33 connected thereto is connected to the base body 34 with a pivot 35. As shown in Figs. 4 and 6, it is possible to turn in a direction intersecting the tunnel axis.

The swing drive mechanism may be a cylinder type, but in this embodiment, a motor 36 with a brake and a worm gear 37 driven by the motor 36 are provided on the base 34, a gear 38 that engages with the worm gear 37 is fixed to the pivot 35, and a brake is provided. The movable formwork 1 and the support means 3 are moved symmetrically as shown in the figure by driving an attached motor 36.

The moving means 4 may be of any type as long as it can move in the tunnel axis direction with the support means 3 mounted thereon. In this embodiment, a crawler type moving vehicle is used, but instead of this, a rail mound type self-propelled vehicle may be used. Alternatively, a trolley may be used. In this embodiment, a swing section 41 is provided on a running section 40, a plurality of parts of the base body 34 are connected to a boom 42 provided on the swing section 41, and the moving speed of the movable formwork 1 is controlled by the running section 40. ing.

Instead of this, a slow slide mechanism such as a fluid pressure cylinder or a screw feed type is provided between the boom 42 and the base 34, and the large movement is performed by the traveling section 40, and the movable formwork 1 is moved for each cycle.
The movement may be performed by a very slow slide mechanism.

The spraying means must include at least a spraying device 8 for feeding the lining material W under pressure, a conveyance hose 9, and a spray nozzle 10 at the tip of the conveyance hose. For spraying, the nozzle 10 includes a robot type. In the illustrated example, spraying is carried out by means of a conveyor 11 for quantitatively supplying a mixture of cement and aggregate that has been stirred in advance in a batcher plant.
, a continuous kneading device 12 that mixes the supplied mixture with water, a spraying machine 8 that pumps the material W at a predetermined water/cement ratio, and a nozzle for spraying from the machine 8. The plant is equipped with a near compressor 13 connected between the pipes 10 and 10, a quick-setting material feeder 14, and a moving device 15 and 15 on which they are mounted.

The continuous kneading device 12 can be, for example, one consisting of a cylindrical casing surrounding a screw with stirring blades, and the blowing device 8 can be a parallel pump with a switching pulp or a pulp partitioned in the middle as shown in the figure. A multi-tank pressurizing type with an agitator arranged for each column can be used. As the quick-setting material feeder 14, a rotary feeder arranged in a tank and an air blowing nozzle facing a desired location of the feeder can be used.

However, when lining a tunnel,
The movable formwork 1 is carried into the tunnel, and the movable formwork 1 is directly opposed to the tunnel wall surface using the supporting means 3 so as to have a space 16 corresponding to the lining thickness. On the other hand, for spraying, the means is driven to force-feed the lining material W to the position of the spray nozzle 10 and add the quick-setting material. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, for spraying, set the nozzle 10 so that it faces the wall from the front side in the excavation direction, and
Start spraying inside. In narrow spaces where the nozzle does not easily hit the wall, it is desirable to use a nozzle with a bent or rotatable tip. This ensures that the entire amount of the lining material W is sprayed into the space closed by the movable formwork 1, and adheres to the wall surface to form the lining layer W.

In the present invention, in parallel with such spraying, the movable formwork 1 is moved in the tunnel axis direction by the moving means 4, and this movement may be continuous movement in synchronization with the formation of the lining layer. However, it may be an intermittent movement in which the width of the movable formwork 1 is one cycle. The moving speed may be set appropriately depending on the degree of hardening of the concrete, but when a quick-setting agent is added, the adhesion speed to the wall surface is good and demolding becomes easy. According to experiments conducted by the present inventor, spraying could be performed at a moving speed of at least 100 m/1 nJA at a thickness of 10 cm.

In the latter case, as shown in Fig. 2, it is desirable to wrap a part of the movable formwork 1 at the end of the surface W for the spraying of the existing construction, so that the surface will be a guide for the spraying of the existing construction and the spraying will be consistent with the thickness. The finished surface of the joint has good smoothness.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned work is performed in parallel with the tunnel excavation work, and the movable formwork 1 is connected to the side wall member 1α and the arch member 1.
In the case where the tunnel is divided into two parts, as shown in Fig. 8, one side wall part A is first constructed over a predetermined length of the tunnel, then the side wall member 1α is reversed and the other side wall part A is constructed, and then the other side wall part A is constructed. One arch part B using the arch member 1b
, and slide the IT arch member 1b to construct the other arch portion B'.

When using the device according to the invention, the movable formwork 1 is supported from the back by the support means 3, and the bracket support means 3 comprises a left-right adjustment beam 31.31, a vertical adjustment beam 32.32 and a perspective adjustment beam 33. Therefore, the movable formwork 1 can be freely displaced with respect to the tunnel wall surface, and the spraying thickness can always be set accurately.

Furthermore, since the lining layer W can be pressed by the perspective adjustment beam 33, the adhesion between the sprayed material and the tunnel wall surface can be improved, and the lining layer can have good strength.

Furthermore, when the perspective adjustment beam 33 is rotatably connected to the base body 34 as in this embodiment, it becomes easy to switch the construction to the left and right side walls A, A' and the arch parts B, E', increasing construction efficiency. can be improved. It goes without saying that the present invention is applicable not only to direct spraying onto the ground, but also to spraying where the entire supporting structure, such as sheet piles or laths, is buried.

Next, a construction example of the present invention will be shown.

(2) A simulated tunnel with an arch radius of 2 m was excavated, and the tunnel was lined with sprayed concrete according to the present invention.

The movable formwork is made of material 5S41, width 1000 fins, length 8
It was designed to have a 1ψ radius and a curvature radius of 2000R, and four fixed beams were attached behind it, and the base was supported by a crawler type mobile vehicle. A vinyl sheet with a thickness of 51 ns was glued to the front side of the movable formwork.

The material composition for spraying is C: 8601c9, S: 118
0kg, G near 58kg, W/C: 60%, Ag2O
,25%, with a slump of 8cm.
The mixture was pumped using a tank pressure pump at a pressure of 40 to 70 at a pressure of 9/C1n2 and a discharge rate of 8MH, and 4% of the powder quick setting material was added using compressed air near the nozzle.

■The movable formwork is placed facing the arch part at a distance of lQcm, and while spraying material from the nozzle into the gap between the movable formwork and the excavation surface, the moving vehicle is directed in the direction of the tunnel axis at an average rate of 50 m/d. Moved it.

As a result, the rebound was almost zero, there was very little dust and dirt, and the finished surface was extremely smooth, with accuracy within 5 degrees.

According to the present invention described above, in the spraying lining work for tunnels, the movable formwork is made to face the construction wall surface, and the movable formwork is moved while spraying the lining material into the space between the construction wall surface and the construction wall surface. As a result, there is almost no loss due to the rebound of the lining material, and there is no risk of damage due to the rebound of the aggregate, making the construction extremely safe.Furthermore, even if there are irregularities on the construction surface, they are automatically corrected. As a result, excellent effects such as being able to obtain a finished surface with good smoothness can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view of a tunnel schematically showing the method and apparatus for lining tunnels according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view thereof, and FIG. 8 is a longitudinal front view of the tunnel shown in FIG. 1. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal front view of the tunnel showing the construction state of the side walls, Fig. 5 is a longitudinal side view of the tunnel, Fig. 6 is a longitudinal front view of the tunnel showing the construction state of the arch section, and Fig. 6α is a partially enlarged view of the tunnel. Figure 7 is also a longitudinal side view of the tunnel.
Figure 8 is a sectional view along the line ■-■ in Figure 6, and Figure 9 (α) (
b) is a partial sectional view showing another embodiment of the movable form; 1...Movable formwork, 3...Supporting means, 4...Moving means, 10...Nozzle for spraying

Claims (1)

[Claims] l. Tunnels characterized in that when lining tunnels by the spraying method, movable formwork is placed opposite the tunnel wall surface, and the movable formwork is moved while spraying lining material into the gap between the tunnel wall surface and the movable formwork. lining method. The method for lining tunnels according to claim 1, wherein a smooth surface material for preventing adhesion is attached to the side of the 2° movable formwork facing the excavation surface. A method for lining tunnels according to claim 1, wherein the 3° movable formwork is arranged so as to overlap a part of the existing construction surface and the pouring is performed. q. A tunnel comprising a formwork member, support means for supporting the formwork member from behind, means for moving the formwork member together with the support means in the axial direction of the tunnel, and means for spraying lining material including a spray nozzle. type of lining equipment. j. The lining device for tunnels according to claim 1, wherein the formwork member is divided into a side wall member and an arch member. Otsu. The lining device for tunnels according to claim 1, wherein the support means for the formwork member includes a vertical adjustment beam, a left-right adjustment beam, and a perspective adjustment beam.