JPS6013991A - Swash plate type compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve resistance to seizing by a method wherein one of a swash plate and a shoe is made by a matrix, having an organization in which hard and coarse grains of virgin crystal silicon or the like are dispersed in the matrix of an aluminum alloy, and the sliding surface thereof is formed by the hard and coarse grains being protruded from the matrix. CONSTITUTION:At least one of the swash plate and the shoe is provided with the metallic organization in which the hard and coarse particles are dispersed in the matrix of aluminum or aluminum alloy. The surface of the matrix is at a position lower than the upper end face of the hard and coarse particles forming the sliding surface and thereby forming recessed parts around the hard and coarse particles. Lubricating oil may be held on the surface of the matrix, forming the recessed parts around the hard and coarse particles.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] 〔Technical field〕 The present invention relates to a swash plate compressor.

[Prior art]

Conventionally, for example, an air conditioning system for an automobile includes a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores provided parallel to an axis, a swash plate rotated by a rotating shaft within the cylinder block, and a swash plate that slides within the cylinder bore. a freely fitted piston; interposed between the piston and the swash plate;
A swash plate type compressor is used, which is comprised of a shoe that reciprocates the piston by rotation of the swash plate.

In this swash plate type compressor υ, the swash plate and shoes are generally made of an aluminum alloy in which hard coarse particles are dispersed in a base material matrix, such as Alsil alloy. However, since the aluminum or aluminum alloy that forms the matrix of the base material tends to adhere, there is a problem that it is easy to seize under severe sliding conditions without lubrication or with a large sliding load. .

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention overcomes the above problems and aims to provide a swash plate compressor with excellent seizure resistance.

[Structure of the invention]

In the swash plate type composite tree of the present invention, at least one of the swash plate and the shoe has a structure in which hard coarse particles of primary crystal silicon, aluminum-manganese, aluminum-chromium, etc. are dispersed in a matrix of aluminum or aluminum alloy. The base material is characterized in that its sliding behavior is formed by the upper ends of hard coarse particles that protrude from the base material matrix and at least a majority of the upper ends are substantially flat.

In the swash plate compressor of the present invention, the swash plate refers to a component that is rotated by a rotating shaft and oscillates within the cylinder block. The shoe slides with the sliding movement of the swash plate,
A component that causes the piston to reciprocate by rotating the swash plate. The shoe may be either a hemispherical shoe or a flat shoe that causes a piston to reciprocate through a ball.

The main parts of the swash plate compressor of the present invention, such as the piston, rotating shaft, cylinder block, etc., may be the same as the conventional swash plate compressor parts.

At least one of the swash plate and the shoes that characterize the swash plate compressor of the present invention has a metal structure in which hard coarse particles are dispersed in a matrix of aluminum or aluminum alloy as a base material.

This typical base material is known as Alsil alloy, which has a high silicon content of about 13 to 30% by weight, and has coarse particles of primary silicon in the metal IO weave. Things can be given. This primary silicon has a particle size of 20 to 500 microns and a hardness of 1-1.
It is a bowl-shaped crystal with v of 950 to 1150. In addition, the base material has a particle size of 10 to 500 microns and a hardness of Hv55.
Aluminum-manganese alloy with bulk aluminum-manganese intermetallic compound of 0-650, particle size 10-50
0 micron, hardness Hv 350-450 aluminum-chromium alloy with bulk metal compound, particle size 10-500 micron, hardness Hv 700-85
an aluminum-silicon-manganese alloy having an aluminum-silicon-manganese bulk intermetallic compound of 0;
Particle size 15-500 microns, hardness 1-1v 550-6
50 (D full.

There are aluminum-iron-manganese alloys with bulk metal compounds of nium-iron-manganese. Note that the matrix here refers to a metal phase existing around hard coarse particles.

The matrix is primarily made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. Note that relatively small sword-shaped eutectic silicon crystals, aluminum-iron intermetallic compounds, dendritic aluminum-nickel intermetallic compounds, and other crystals found in aluminum alloys can be considered as components of the matrix. A small crystal such as eutectic silicon may protrude to form the sliding surface.

The hard coarse particles have a hardness of Hv300 or more, more preferably 1-1v600 or more, and an average particle size of 10μ or more, more preferably 20 to 100μ. Typical hard coarse particles include primary silicon crystals, aluminum-manganese intermetallic compounds, aluminum-silicon-manganese intermetallic compounds, aluminum-iron intermetallic compounds, aluminum-chromium intermetallic compounds, etc., as described above.

The sliding surface of at least one of the swash plate and shoe of the swash plate compressor that characterizes the present invention is made of the upper end surface of hard coarse particles that protrude from the base material matrix and whose upper end has been made substantially flat by grinding, polishing, etc. It is formed.

These hard coarse particles are of the same type as the hard coarse particles constituting the base material. However, the hard coarse particles forming the sliding surface have flat upper surfaces.

Note that, assuming that the total upper projected surface area of the hard coarse particles protruding in the sliding direction is 1'00%, it is preferable that 50% or more of the surface area is ground or polished to be flat. The ratio of the total upper projected area of the hard coarse particles with substantially flat upper ends to the total sliding area is about 11 to 42%, more preferably 15 to 35%. Note that as the proportion of hard coarse particles increases, the mechanical strength of the base material matrix decreases.

In the present invention, the surface of the matrix of the base material of the swash plate or shoe is located at a position lower than the upper end surface of the hard coarse particles constituting the sliding movement, and therefore a recess is formed around the hard coarse particles. The surface of this base material 71 to ricks and the upper end surface of the hard coarse particles are 47. The height between the surface formed by S is 0.5
It is preferable that the average particle diameter of the hard coarse particles is 1/3 or less in the range of μ or more.

More preferably, this height is about 1 to 8 microns.

Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows a microscopic photograph of a typical sliding body using Alsil alloy as the base material. Roughly speaking, the results of measuring the unevenness of this sliding surface with a surface roughness of 1 are shown in FIG. From Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that the diameter of the hard coarse particles is about 50 microns, and the upper ends are flattened.The FU4,1 matrix surface, which is the recess around the hard coarse particles, is equipped with a swash plate compressor. The lubricating oil used is retained.

Next, a typical method for manufacturing the swash plate and shoe of the swash plate compressor of the present invention will be explained. First, the surface that will be sliding is carefully polished or ground. In this polishing and grinding process, the upper ends of the hard coarse particles forming the sliding surface are flattened. In addition, during this grinding and polishing, it is necessary to prevent the hard and coarse particles from falling off the surface or chipping. Therefore, in this grinding and polishing step, it is preferable to perform lapping, paper finishing, grindstone finishing, etc. on the sliding surface, and further perform puff polishing.

As a result, the upper ends of the hard coarse particles exposed on the surface are scraped off and flattened. Next, the ground and polished surface is chemically polished or electrolytically polished to selectively dissolve only the surface of the IIIJ matrix chemically, and the hard coarse particles whose upper ends are polished and made flat are separated from the base material matrix. Make it stand out. By adjusting the polishing time of chemical polishing and electrolytic polishing, the depth of dissolution of the base material matrix surface can be arbitrarily selected. For chemical polishing, for example, a 10 to 30% aqueous solution of caustic soda or potassium hydroxide is used, and chemical polishing is performed for 10 to 60 seconds at a humidity of 20 to 60°C to polish the matrix to a degree that meets the purpose of the present invention. Selective lysis is possible. In the case of electrolytic polishing, for example, the same can be achieved by electropolishing for 1 to 30 seconds at a current density of 3 amperes/dm2 to 100 amperes/dm2 at 60 to 90°C using a phosphoric acid aqueous solution saturated with chromic acid. Selective dissolution of the matrix part is possible. As described above, hard coarse particles with flat upper ends are
It is best to make it protrude from the material matrix.

A solid lubricant layer may be formed on the -L surface of the base material 71 helix from which hard coarse particles protrude, and this solid lubricant layer may be exposed in the sliding movement. As the solid lubricant layer, for example, powders such as molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, boron nitride, lead oxide, and fluororesin, and soft metals such as lead, indium, and tin can be used. To form a solid lubricant on the upper surface of the base material matrix, first, a thermosetting resin paste containing the solid lubricant is applied to the four parts around the hard coarse particles that protrude from the base material matrix, and this is heated at room temperature or It may be solidified by applying heat or by other methods. Note that if the solid lubricant is a soft metal such as lead, the solid lubricant layer can be formed by plating or the like.

In addition, the surface of the base material matrix is made of aluminum oxide, and in particular, the surface is anodized to form an alumite layer of aluminum oxide, and a solid lubricant layer is exposed on the top surface of the aluminum oxide layer on the sliding surface. It's okay. When forming an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the base material matrix, a normal anodic oxidation treatment is performed before forming the solid lubricant layer to oxidize the aluminum on the surfaces of the art materials 71 to 3x to form an anodic oxide film layer, such as a hard lubricant layer. It is best to add an anodic oxide layer. The aluminum oxide layer does not need to be particularly thick, and may be about 3 to 8 microns thick, but may be thicker depending on the case.

In the swash plate compressor of the present invention, only the sliding surface of either the swash plate or the shoe may be formed of the upper end surface of hard coarse particles that protrude from the base material matrix and have at least a majority of the upper ends substantially flat. Good or
The sliding surfaces of both the swash plate and the shoes may be formed by the upper end surfaces of the hard coarse particles.

〔Effect of the invention〕

In the swash plate compressor of the present invention, the base material of at least one of the swash plate and the shoe, which has the most severe sliding conditions, includes hard coarse particles in a matrix of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and one behavior is that It is composed of upper end surfaces of hard coarse particles that protrude more and have at least a majority of the upper ends substantially flat. Therefore, the base material matrix of aluminum or aluminum alloy, which tends to adhere and is the main cause of deterioration in seizure resistance, is not exposed on this sliding surface. For this reason, the swash plate compressor of the present invention exhibits excellent seizure resistance.

Further, in the swash plate compressor of the present invention, since the upper surface of the hard coarse particles forming the sliding surface is flat,
When the swash plate and the shoes slide, it is possible to prevent these hard coarse particles from chipping and falling off as much as possible. therefore,
It also has excellent wear resistance.

Also, - since the lubricating oil is retained on the surface of the matrix of the four parts around the hard coarse particles whose upper ends are flattened,
Lubricating oil is smoothly supplied to the sliding surfaces of the swash plate and shoes, making it Oil II! The formation of is ensured.

Therefore, the swash plate compressor of the present invention does not exhibit superior seizure resistance. In addition, if a solid lubricant layer is formed on the top surface of the base material matrix and this solid lubricant layer is exposed on the sliding surface, the lubricant may be temporarily removed, as in the early stages of starting a swash plate compressor. Even when the swash plate compressor is operated under conditions where lubricant is not supplied, the solid lubricant layer provides a swash plate compressor with even better seizure resistance.

(Actual machine test 1) A cross-sectional view of a typical swash plate compressor of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, 5 is a cylinder block;
A rotary shaft 6 is rotatably supported in the cylinder block 5 via bearings 7.8, and a swash plate 9 is connected and fixed to the rotary shaft 6. Cylinder bores 10 are formed at each position, and a piston 11 is slidably fitted into each bore 10. A valve plate 12 and a front cylinder head 1 are located between the left ends of the cylinder block 5.
3, and the right end opening is closed by valve plate 1.
4 and A7 are closed by cylinder heads 15.

A recessed portion 11a is formed in the center portion of the piston 11 to receive the outer peripheral portion of the swash plate 9, and this recessed portion 1.1
A spherical concave portion 11b is formed on each axially opposing surface of a. A hemispherical shoe 16 is in sliding contact with the end surface of the swash plate 9, and transmits the rotation of the swash plate 9 to the piston 11 as reciprocating motion. Naoi-L
The structure is basically the same as that of a conventional swash plate compressor.

In this swash plate type compressor, the sliding surface of the swash plate 9 is different from that of the conventional compressor. That is, the swash plate 9 is 18%5t-4,
5%CLI-, 0.6%M! ] The remaining alloy A1 is used as a base material, and the size of the primary silicon is 30 to 65 μm.1 The hardness of the primary silicon is I-IV95O to 1150. The total upper projected area of the primary silicon was 14%, and the height of the upper end surface of the primary silicon from the matrix surface of the base material was 0.6 μm. The base material of the shoe 16, which is the mating material for sliding, is made of steel, which has been carburized and quenched to have a hardness of j-1v82. o.

In order to conduct an actual test of this swash plate compressor,
Five swash plate type compressors made in the same manner were subjected to a high-speed rotation start-up test at 41N and temperature.

All five of the five swash plate compressors tested passed the above cycle test.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned swash plate compressor, a cycle test was also conducted in the same manner as described above, using JIl5-8AC as the base material, subjecting it to ion nitriding treatment, and setting the hardness to Hvlooo.

In this case as well, all five out of the five machines tested passed the cycle test.

For reference, a cycle test was also conducted on a conventional swash plate compressor equipped with a swash plate from which hard coarse particles do not protrude. In this case, when a material treated with boron immersion and made to have a hardness of HV1600 was used, only 3 out of 5 products passed the test. When using 8450 as the base material and hardening it to a hardness of l-1v550, only 1 out of 5 units passed the test, and Ni-P electroless plating was applied as the shoe. Hardness 1-
When 1v800 was used, none of the 5 units passed the test.

[Actual Machine Test 2] The same Alsil alloy as the swash plate in Actual Machine Test 1 was used as the base material of the swash plate. Then, on the j-biasing surface of the swash plate, primary crystal silicon whose upper end is approximately flat is placed at a height 0.00 m above the surface of the base material matrix.
．． It was made to protrude by 8 μm. Furthermore, a solid lubricant layer in which molybdenum disulfide particles and graphite particles were fixed with epoxy resin was formed on the entire sliding surface of the swash plate.

In place of the swash plate used in Actual Machine Test 1, the above swash plate was used to create a swash plate compressor according to the present invention. In addition, the shoes that are the mating material for the swash plate are made of steel as a base material and carburized and quenched to a hardness of Hv820, 5UJ-2 is hardened and hardened to Iv780, and SCM material is made of Tuftride. Three types were used, which were treated to have an HV of 900.

In fact, for testing purposes, we built a total of 15 swash plate compressors, 5 for each type of shoe, and conducted the same low-temperature, high-speed rotation start-up test as in Actual Machine Test 1. All 15 swash plate compressors tested passed the test, and no problems such as seizure were observed.

[Actual Machine Test 3] A swash plate was made using the same Alsil alloy as the swash plate in Actual Machine Test 1 as the base material of the swash plate. Then, primary silicon having a substantially flat upper end was protruded from the surface of the base material that forms the sliding movement of the swash plate. Further, the surface of the base material matrix on which the primary crystal silicon protruded was anodized to form an alumite layer of about 5 μn1. Note that the height from the surface of the alumite layer to the upper end of the primary crystal silicon protruding was about 0.3 μm. Furthermore, the same solid lubricant layer as in Actual Machine Test 2 was formed on all sliding surfaces including the surface of this alumite layer.

In place of the swash plate used in Actual Machine Test 1, the above swash plate was used to create yet another swash plate type compressor of the present invention.

In addition, the shoes that are the mating material of the swash plate are made of steel as a base material and carburized and quenched to a hardness of HV 820, 5KH-9 is quenched and made to a hardness of HV950, and S
Three types of CM materials were used, which were subjected to Tough 1 to Ride treatment to give Hv900.

For the actual test, we made 5 swash plate compressors for each type of shoe and 15 swash plate compressors, and conducted a high-speed rotation startup test at the same low temperature as in actual test 1.The 15 swash plate compressors tested All plate compressors passed the test, and no problems such as seizure were observed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a microscopic photograph of a sliding movement with protruding hard coarse particles, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the measurement results of the surface roughness of the same sliding movement, and Fig. 3 is a swash plate compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. In the figure, 5 is a cylinder block, 6 is a rotating shaft, 9 is a swash plate,
1o is a cylinder bore, 11 is a piston, and 16 is a shoe. Patent applicant: Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Toyo Ffl Automatic Loom Manufacturing Co., Ltd., agency included Patent attorney: Hirodo Okawa Patent attorney: Shudo Fujitani Patent attorney: Akio Maruyama Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) A cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores extending parallel to the axis, a swash plate rotated by a rotating shaft within the cylinder block, and a piston slidably fitted within the cylinder bore; A compressor comprising a shoe that is slidably interposed between the piston and the swash plate, and causes the piston to reciprocate by rotation of the swash plate, wherein at least one of the swash plate d3 and the shoe is configured such that at least one of the swash plate d3 and the shoe is In a matrix of aluminum or aluminum alloy [′
- Ill with dispersed hard coarse particles of primary silicon, aluminum-manganese, aluminum-chromium, etc.! 1. A swash plate type compressor, characterized in that the sliding surface is formed of the upper end surface of hard coarse particles, with at least a majority of the upper ends thereof being substantially flat, and the sliding surface of the base material having a base material having a base material having a base material matrix of 1. (2) A solid lubricant layer is formed on the surface of the base material matrix at least around the hard coarse particles protruding from the base material matrix, and the sliding motion includes the surface of the solid lubricant layer. The swash plate compressor described in Section 1. (3) The base material matrix has an aluminum oxide layer on its surface, and has a solid lubricant layer on the upper surface of the aluminum oxide layer that is exposed in the sliding movement. Swash plate compressor. (4) The swash plate type compressor according to claim 1, wherein the total upper projected area of the hard coarse particles whose upper ends are substantially flat with respect to the total sliding area is 11 to 42%. (5) The average particle size of the hard coarse particles is 10 to 100μ, and the height of the upper end surface of the hard coarse particles from the surface of the matrix is 1μ or more and 1/1/2 of the average particle size of the hard coarse particles.
3 or less.