JPS5962509A - Suppression of blight of crop - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To suppress blights of crops caused by a mold of soil infectious pathogenic fungi, by applying an aerobic culture of a bacterium belonging to the genus Anthrobacter, having improved antagonism on soil infectious pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium to soil. CONSTITUTION:One or more of aerobic cultures of a bacterium belonging to the genus Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, or Pseudomonas, capable of decomposing 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureidohexahydro-pyrimidine (OMUP for short), having antagosim on soil infectious pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium, Plasmodiophora, etc., which is optionally blended with OMUP, is adsorbed on an adsorbent such as vermiculite, calcined vermiculite, perlite, etc., and applied to soil, to prevent blights of crops. Time for application is before or after cropping.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for suppressing diseases in crops caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi. More specifically, the present invention provides an aerobic culture of a certain microorganism that is antagonistic to soil-borne pathogens and also has the ability to degrade 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureitohexano)hydropyrimidine. The present invention relates to the method, which is characterized in that it is applied to.

Recently, in various regions where vegetables are produced, the types of crops that can be cultivated have been limited due to the designation of production areas and the spread of facilities, which has resulted in crop rotation cycles being shortened and continuous cropping failures occurring frequently, which is becoming a serious problem in cultivation. .

The main reason for this is an increase in the density of soil-borne pathogens due to continuous cultivation of the same crop.

The pathogenic bacteria that cause this are Fusarium disease (Fusarium bacterium), which causes vine splitting disease of watermelons, melons, cucumbers, etc.;
arium) or No. 1 Kusai.

Many of them belong to filamentous fungi such as Plasmodiophora, which causes clubroot diseases of turnips, cabbages, etc.

Known methods for preventing such continuous cropping damage include chemical or physical treatments such as spraying fungicides on the field or fumigation or steam disinfection of the cultivated soil. However, such prevention methods cannot selectively suppress or kill only pathogenic bacteria, and also inhibit the growth of useful microorganisms in the cultivated soil. Furthermore, since the soil is rendered sterile by the treatment, if the disease yA#i invades the soil again, it will easily proliferate and even cause serious damage to the soil, ie, damage to continuous crops. In addition, in the case of known chemical treatments, it may take a long time for the used chemicals to decompose in the soil and become harmless to crops or humans and livestock. As described above, the known methods for preventing continuous cropping failure have various drawbacks.

With regard to solving the above drawbacks, the present inventors first made the following points.

We have invented a product for preventing damage to continuous cropping that selectively suppresses only pathogenic bacteria without inhibiting the growth of useful microorganisms in the soil, and does not cause any harm to crops or humans. That is, the invention provides (1) 2-oxo-4-methyl- as a nutritional source;
6-ureitohexahydrobyrimidine (hereinafter 'OMU
It is sometimes abbreviated as P'. ), add soil to a medium containing
A soil improvement agent containing as an active ingredient a treated product obtained by aerobic culture treatment, a soil JJ8 improved soil obtained by adding OMUP to ■■, and a soil improvement material made by adsorbing ■■ or ■ to an adsorbent. (Japanese Patent Application No. 54-159631; hereinafter, these inventions are collectively referred to as the earlier invention').

The present inventors have repeatedly studied in detail the dramatic improvement in the manufacturing method of the soil improvement material according to the previous invention and the method for suppressing crop diseases using such soil improvement material. We have succeeded in isolating microorganisms (bacteria) that exhibit antagonistic properties against soil-transmitted pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium fungi and Nekobu fungi from soil conditioners. Then, as a result of artificially cultivating the isolated bacteria and examining its suppressive power against pathogenic filamentous fungi, it was found that the isolated bacteria had the above-mentioned antagonistic properties as well as OMUP.
The present invention has been based on the discovery that the culture described in item 11f has an effect superior to that of the previous invention, that is, the ability to suppress crop diseases caused by soil-transmitted pathogenic fungi. completed. The bacterial groups thus isolated were divided into three groups as shown in Table 1 below, and as a result of conducting identification experiments for each group, they were identified as Arthrobacttheta.

Corynebacterium A
m) and Pseudomonas (Pseud, omonas
) was also found to belong to

As is clear from the above description, an object of the present invention is to prevent crop diseases through the production and use of an aerobic culture of microorganisms that have strong antagonistic properties against soil-borne pathogens.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for inhibiting soil-borne pathogens (caused by soil-borne pathogens).

The present invention consists of two inventions having the following configurations (1) and (2). That is, the first invention includes: (1) 2-oxy-4-methyl-6 belonging to the genus Arthrobacterium, Corynebacterium or Pseudomonas;
- has the ability to resolve ureitohexahydrobyrimidine;
A method for preventing crop diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi by applying an aerobic culture of one or more microorganisms having antagonistic properties to soil-borne pathogenic fungi to the soil. The second invention of the present invention is a method for suppressing 2-oxo-4-methyl-6, which belongs to the genus Arthropacter, Corynebacterium or Neudomonas.
- Has the ability to resolve uretohexahydropyrimidine,
and an aerobic culture of one or more microorganisms having antagonistic properties against soil-borne pathogens and 2-okino-4-methyl-6-
A method for suppressing crop diseases characterized by applying ureitohexahydrobyrimidine to soil to suppress crop diseases caused by soil-transmitted pathogenic filamentous fungi.

The microorganisms (bacteria) used for culturing the culture according to the present invention are:
It has the ability to decompose Arthrobacterium, Corynebacterium or Pseudomonas DAK MA L, OMUP, and has antagonistic properties against soil-transmitted pathogens such as Fusarium and Nekopp's disease fungi. The ability to decompose OMUP referred to here means that after inoculating bacteria into a liquid medium (pH 7.0) containing OMUP as the sole carbon and nitrogen source and culturing with aeration at 25°C for 3 weeks, this p liquid is added with paradimethyl This was confirmed from the OMUP colorimetric method example in which an acidic solution of aminobenzaldehyde was added and heated at 80° C. for 30 minutes. In addition, the antagonistic property refers to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (F
This was confirmed based on the ability to form an inhibition zone, since when a linear inoculation of the pathogenic bacteria (O.

The medium used to obtain the aerobic culture according to the present invention using these isolates is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for culturing bacteria of the genus to which these bacteria belong. In addition to OMUP, such a medium contains vitamins,
Amino acids or purine bases, etc. may be added. Specific example! : LTEOMUP lOf, glycerin 5da, (NH4)2SO40,5t, KH2PO41,
of, KH2O41,Of, MrSO4-7H2
00,5f, (3aC!7!+2・2H200,5t
, yeast extract XQ, pH 7, consisting of 99 and tap water 17,
0 medium is shown.

Inoculation between the aforementioned isolations can be carried out directly from the stock stock, or by adding a small amount of culture medium pre-cultured aerobically at 25° C. for 3 to 7 days. Particularly when inoculating a large amount of culture solution, it is preferable to inoculate using a pre-cultured product.

The culture temperature is 10 to 45°C, preferably 20 to 30°C, and the period varies depending on the medium used, but is 2 to 30 days, preferably 2 to 15 days. Cultivation is carried out aerobically, and for this purpose, it is sufficient to leave the medium still in a state where the surface area per unit volume is large and exposed to air, but it is also possible to forcibly shake or aerate the medium. Table 1 shows the mycological properties by genus among the isolates according to the present invention. The properties in the table clearly show the differences between the genera of rapid bacterial release.

Note: The isolated bacteria described in im may be cultured individually for each of the isolated bacteria shown in Table 1, or two or more of them may be cultured in a mixed manner.

The aerobic culture obtained as described above has the ability to inhibit crop diseases caused by infectious pathogenic fungi. When applying such cultures to soil, the effects of the present invention will not be impaired even if two or more of the respective cultures are used in combination in various ratios. Further, a dehydrated product obtained by removing water, which is an inert component contained in the aerobic culture of the present invention, also has the same effect as before dehydration.

Such a culture can be applied with soil 1 in such a way that it can be used in the usage examples described below, thereby preventing soil infection (<IE 5
It has the effect of sufficiently suppressing crop diseases caused by endophytic fungi. However, when the culture is applied in combination with OMUP, ie mixed with OMUP, the aforementioned effects are synergistically increased and last longer than when the culture is applied alone. There are no particular restrictions on the ratio of OMUP addition + JI to the culture (OMUP is also used as a nitrogen fertilizer, and there is no harm in adding it in large amounts to fully exhibit the fertilizer effect. Moreover, since the culture and OMUP only need to coexist in the soil, they may be mixed before application, or may be applied separately.

Aerobic culture according to the present invention or this and OMUP
The mixture may be applied in a high-moisture state after culturing, but it is also possible to use a mixture in which part or most of the water has been removed by centrifugal dehydration or vacuum drying. . More preferably, the form before application is such that in order to improve the storage stability and transportability of the aerobic culture or the mixture of OMUP and OMUP according to the present invention, or the workability at the time of application, the culture-bound or mixture is It is preferable to have it adsorbed on an adsorbent, which will be described later. Such a form is also preferable for the purpose of maintaining a uniform mixing state of the culture and OMUP in the mixture. The adsorbent to be used has fine pores and has a large water retention capacity, such as vermiculite, calcined vermiculite, or pearlite. Of course, organic adsorbents can also be used, and specific examples include those made of synthetic polymers and refractory natural organic substances mainly composed of beets or lignin. When adsorbing the aerobic culture according to the present invention to an adsorbent, operations such as drying after adsorption are not necessary even if the culture has a high moisture content. This holds true even when a mixture of the aerobic culture and OMUP is adsorbed. Furthermore, the aerobic culture according to the present invention adsorbed on an adsorbent or a mixture of the culture and OMUP is easier to transport, store, or apply than one that is not adsorbed on an adsorbent, and has practical effects. has.

The method of the present invention is carried out by applying to soil the aerobic culture according to the present invention obtained as described above or a mixture of this and OMUP. The timing of the application is before or after planting, depending on the cultivation method or the disease situation, as described in No. 20282. Application by furrow treatment method (Note: After applying the material in a chisel shape, the crop is planted in the ground), Application by high furrow treatment method (Note, Application in high furrow shape around the planted seedlings), /%, Soil Application by mixed treatment method (
Note: Mix the materials evenly into the soil before planting. In the culture of the present invention, the weight ratio is preferably about 0.001 to 0.1%); and 2. Application by the growing season treatment method (note: apply the material in a mountain shape to the roots after planting and before the onset of disease). can also be applied.

Aerobic culture or OMUP according to the invention
When a mixture of 100% and 100% is applied to soil according to the application method described above, plant diseases can be suppressed, but the diseases are caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi. For example, Fusarium (Fusarium)
Yellow wilt, wilt, vine splitting, damping-off and root diseases caused by Plasmodiophor arium), Plasmodiophor
Clubroot disease caused by a) is shown.

It should be noted that the aerobic culture or the mixture of this and OMUP has a greater soil J/v resistance to continuous cropping damage than the previous invention.
Although the details of the mechanism showing the improvement effect are not necessarily clear, the present inventors estimate as follows. That is, by using isolated bacteria, the concentration of antagonistic bacteria in the culture solution can be made much higher than in the previous invention, and it is considered that more antagonistic bacteria can be introduced into the rhizosphere and made to live there.

Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be explained using manufacturing examples and usage examples.

Production example-1 (soil improvement material of the previous invention) OMUP 10 t, KH2PO41, Of, Mf
EI04.7H201, Of.

KOIO, 3r, Fθso4・7H200,01F,
Tap water 11° pH 6.5 medium 10I! Alluvial soil "R" collected from Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture (100 kg per 10 a)
202 (collected from a field where OMUP was applied twice a year) was shaken with sterile water 100-100-200, then left to stand for 5 minutes to obtain a 50 rM supernatant.
t was added and aerated culture was carried out at 30°C for 12 days to obtain the soil improvement material (1-1) of the previous invention. Furthermore, this IOJ is mixed with calcined vermiculite (which absorbs and retains 5101 water per loor) 1. The soil improvement material (1-2) of the previous invention was prepared by spraying and mixing it into OKg. Still O for this (1-2)
The soil improvement system of the previous invention (1
-3) was prepared.

Production example-2 Molasses 10f*, (NH4)2So44t, KH2
PO40+15f.

K2 ■"040-05 f, Mt SO4・
7 H201, O? , Oa OOa 102, tap water IJ, pH 7.5 medium 1 (M), A-1 strain (Arth
Robacter epp, ) culture solution 100+++
/ was added and aerated culture was carried out at 30°C for 7 days to obtain soil improved soil (z-1) according to the present invention. Fourth, 10 J of this was sprinkled and mixed with 10 parts of calcined vermiculite to prepare soil improvement product (2-2) of the present invention.

Further, 4 kg of OMUP was added and mixed to this (2-2) to prepare a soil improvement material (2-3) of the present invention.

Production Example-3 According to Production Example-2, a-1 strain ((! orynebact
erium 8pp,) was cultured to obtain soil improvement soil (3-1) according to the present invention. Furthermore, this (3-1) 101 and calcined vermiculite 10 and 9 were mixed to prepare soil improvement treatment (3-2) according to the present invention. -4 shame
Also, add 9 to OMUP4 in this (3-2) aj7JIth j
Soil improvement method that leads to the second invention of the present invention (3-3)
was prepared.

Production example-4 OMUP 10f, glycerin y 5 r, KH2PO
41, Of.

K2HPO41,Of, MySO4,7)! 200.
5f, 0acJ2”2H200,05t, yeast extract
0.2F, tap water 11. In a medium 107 with a pH of 7.0,
Shida p-1 strain (precultured aerobically at 30°C for 3 days in the same medium)
Culture solution 100 of Pesdomonas spp.
ml and cultured aerobically at 30'C for 7 days to obtain soil improvement material (4-1) according to the present invention. Furthermore, these 10
I! and 10 kg of calcined vermiculite were mixed to prepare a soil improvement material (4-2) according to the present invention. Also, this (
A soil improvement material (4-3) according to the second invention of the present invention was prepared by adding and mixing OMUP4Ky to 4-2).

Manufacturing example-5! +8! A-3 strain (Arthroba
cterspp-) and c-2 strain (Ooryn Obact
erium spp, ) were cultured separately, and equal amounts thereof were mixed to obtain soil improvement soil (5-1) according to the present invention.

Furthermore, this (5-1) 101 is calcined perlite (loog
A soil 1a improvement material (5-2) according to the present invention was prepared by spraying and mixing with 1OK9 (which adsorbs and retains 9501 of water per bottle). Further, 4 kg of OMUP was added and mixed to this (5-2') to prepare a soil improvement material (5-3) according to the second invention of the present invention.

Production Example-6 O-4 strain (Oorynet) act according to Production Example-4
eriumspp-) and p-3 strain (Pseudomon
As spp, ) was mixed and cultured to obtain a soil improvement material (6-1) according to the present invention.

Furthermore, this 1oII, calcined barley) 10 and 9 were mixed to prepare soil improvement soil (6-2) according to the present invention. In addition, 4 kg of OMUP was added to this (6-2) and mixed to form the second method of the present invention.
A soil improvement material (6-3) according to the invention was obtained.

Production Example-7 According to Production Example-2, strain A-3 (Arthrobacterium
repp-) and p-6 strain (Pseuaomonas s
pp, ) were cultured separately and mixed in equal amounts to obtain the soil improvement material (7-1) according to the present invention. Furthermore, this (7-1
) 1 o 1 km grown vermiculite (10 kg) was sprayed and mixed to make soil and 1 improvement material (7-2). Also this (7-
2) was mixed with OMUP 4 K to obtain soil improvement material (7-3) according to the second invention of the present invention.

Production Example-8 A-1 strain (Arthrol) act according to Production Example-2
erspp, ) P-7 strain (Pseudomonas
A soil failure improvement material (8-1) according to the present invention was obtained by mixed culture with spp, ).

Furthermore, this 107 was mixed with calcined vermiculite (1OK9) to prepare a soil improvement material (8-2) according to the present invention. In addition, this (8-2) KOMUP 4Kg is added to IJI + soil damage improvement according to the second invention of the present invention, IJ'()3-
3) Complete preparation.

Usage example-1 Oxysporum f-cucumerin (F, oxysporum f-cucumerin)
10 f each of the soil improvement materials according to the above invention and the present invention, in which the aerobic culture and OMUP were adsorbed to the adsorbent, were applied to 4413 kg of alluvial soil that was significantly infected with um) by the soil jH mixing treatment method, Immediately, 20 cucumbers were sown in each pot and a cultivation test was conducted. Then, on the 45th day after sowing, the roots were cut and the browning of the ducts was investigated. In addition, there is P2 in the pot.
1t of O5 and 20l? sulfuric acid was also applied at the same time. The results are shown in Table 2.

Hata Canal browning strain 4 cultivated plants (20 plants) x 100 Usage example-2 Negusare disease (F, OxysI) O
Volcanic ash soil 3, which was significantly infected with nlmf, phasθ0]j), was treated with ammonium sulfate or OMUP of N = p2o5 = It was applied two weeks before the seeding site according to the soil mixing treatment method, and green beans were cultivated.

After growing for one month, the plants were extracted and the number of plants infected with Negusare disease was investigated. In addition, 20 seeds/bot were sown.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Effect on Negusare disease in green beans *Negusare disease-causing strain/all growing strains x 100 Usage example-3 Negusare disease fungus (Plasmodiophora blas)
sicae) was placed in a 30x20x20α box-shaped pot, a groove was made in the center, and N = P2O5 = 20 = l,
After applying and covering the soil with ammonium sulfate or OMUP and sulfuric acid in an equivalent amount, apply the soil improvement material of the previous invention or the present invention, and then apply it on both sides at a distance of 5 (!l!) from the application position.
I spread the seeds in my veins. On the 48th day after sowing, the grown Chinese cabbage plants were pulled out and the number of Nekopu epiphytes was investigated.

The results are shown in the g4 table.

Table 4 Effect on Chinese cabbage and Nekobu disease Usage example-4 A high ridge with a width of 0.5m and a length of 2Qm is made in the field where the test soil of Usage example-3 was collected, N = = P2O per 10a.
A compound phosphorus compound equivalent to 10 to 20 was uniformly applied to 5 to 20 to 20 to 10 to 20 to 20 to 20 to 10 to 20 to 20 to 10 to 20 to 20 to 10 days. Two weeks later, the soil improvement material of the previous invention or the present invention containing 150 kg of OMUP per 10 a was applied to the base of the plant in a mountain shape. At the time of harvest, the number of Nekopu epiphytes and the yield were measured.

The test was conducted in 1 ward and 1 ridge. The results are shown in Table 5.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) A soil-borne pathogen that belongs to Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium or Neudomonas, and has the ability to degrade 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureitohexahydrobyrimidine. 1. A method for inhibiting crop diseases, which comprises applying to soil an aerobic culture of one or more microorganisms having antagonistic properties to inhibit crop diseases caused by soil-transmitted pathogenic filamentous fungi. (2) The method according to claim 1, wherein the infectious pathogen is Fusarium or Necobacterium. (3) The method according to claim 1, wherein the aerobic culture is adsorbed onto an adsorbent and applied. (4) The method according to claim 3, wherein the adsorbent is vermiculite, calcined vermiculite, or perlite. (5) A microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, or Pseudomonas that has the ability to degrade 2-oxo-4-methyl-6-ureitohexahydropyrimidine and has antagonistic properties against soil-borne pathogens. 1 f11i100 aerobic culture, and 2-oxo-4
- A method for suppressing crop diseases, which comprises applying methyl-6-ureitohexahydropyrimidine to soil to suppress crop diseases caused by infectious pathogenic filamentous fungi. (6) The method according to claim 5, wherein the soil-borne pathogen is Fusarium or Nekop's disease fungus. (7) Aerobic culture and 2-okino-4-methyl-
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein 6-uretohexahydrobyrimidine is applied after being adsorbed onto an adsorbent. (8) The method according to claim 7, wherein the adsorbent is vermiculite, calcined vermiculite, or perlite.