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JPS593825B2 - photomultiplier tube - Google Patents

photomultiplier tube

Info

Publication number
JPS593825B2
JPS593825B2 JP11296478A JP11296478A JPS593825B2 JP S593825 B2 JPS593825 B2 JP S593825B2 JP 11296478 A JP11296478 A JP 11296478A JP 11296478 A JP11296478 A JP 11296478A JP S593825 B2 JPS593825 B2 JP S593825B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
dynode
electron
axis
airtight container
focusing electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP11296478A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5539171A (en
Inventor
利和 松井
輝夫 「ひる」馬
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Original Assignee
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamamatsu Photonics KK filed Critical Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority to JP11296478A priority Critical patent/JPS593825B2/en
Publication of JPS5539171A publication Critical patent/JPS5539171A/en
Publication of JPS593825B2 publication Critical patent/JPS593825B2/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は光電面から光の照射によって放出した光電子を
順次適当な正の電圧を加えた複数のダイノーに゛に衝突
して電子を増倍し、最終的に増倍した電子を収集電極で
捕獲する光電子増倍管に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, photoelectrons emitted from a photocathode by light irradiation are sequentially collided with a plurality of dynos to which an appropriate positive voltage is applied, thereby multiplying the electrons, and finally multiplying the electrons. This relates to a photomultiplier tube that captures the collected electrons with a collecting electrode.

ボックス・アンド・グリッド型と称されている有底円筒
を軸を通る2つの直交する面で4等分割し、一方の分割
面に導電性のメツシュを形成して一次電子の入射口とし
、他方の分割面を二次電子の出射口とし、湾曲面の内壁
を二次電子面とする電子増倍管のダイノード電極は、光
電子増倍管の縦断面構造を示す第1図のダイノード4.
5.6゜7.8および9の配列のように、第1段ダイノ
ード4と第3段ダイノード6の出射面を逆方向とするこ
とによって、ダイノード列を光電管1の管軸方向に延長
することが出来るから、円筒状の容器内に効率よく容易
に収納することができる。
A bottomed cylinder called a box-and-grid type is divided into four equal parts by two orthogonal planes passing through the axis, a conductive mesh is formed on one of the divided planes to serve as an entrance for primary electrons, and the other side is divided into four equal parts. The dynode electrode of an electron multiplier tube has a dividing surface as a secondary electron exit and an inner wall of a curved surface as a secondary electron surface, as shown in dynode 4. in FIG.
The dynode array can be extended in the tube axis direction of the phototube 1 by setting the exit surfaces of the first stage dynode 4 and the third stage dynode 6 in opposite directions, as in the arrangement of 5.6°7.8 and 9. Because it can be stored efficiently and easily in a cylindrical container.

従って、従来ボックス・アンド・グリッド型ダイノード
を用いた光電子増倍管のほとんどが第1図に示すような
ダイノード配列を用いていた。
Therefore, most conventional photomultiplier tubes using box-and-grid type dynodes have used a dynode arrangement as shown in FIG.

このようなダイノードの配列においては、例えば、ダイ
ノード5から放出しダイノード6へ入射する二次電子は
、第3図にA、BおよびCで示すような軌道を飛行し、
ダイノード5の二次電子面のうちダイノード6に近接し
た部分から放出した二次電子はダイノード6の二次電子
面に衝突することなくダイノードTへ入射するから、著
しるしく増倍率を低下するほか、単光子(シングルホト
ン)を検出しようとするときは、出力電流に大きなばら
つきが生ずる。
In such a dynode arrangement, for example, the secondary electrons emitted from the dynode 5 and incident on the dynode 6 fly in trajectories shown by A, B, and C in FIG.
Since the secondary electrons emitted from the part of the secondary electron surface of the dynode 5 that is close to the dynode 6 enter the dynode T without colliding with the secondary electron surface of the dynode 6, the multiplication factor is significantly reduced. , when trying to detect a single photon, large variations occur in the output current.

この現象はダイノード1から放出してダイノード8に入
射する電子についても同様に生じる。
This phenomenon similarly occurs with respect to electrons emitted from the dynode 1 and incident on the dynode 8.

他方ダイノード4かも放出した電子は、ダイノード4と
ダイノード5の二次電子面がほぼ対向しているから確実
にダイノード5の二次電子面に衝突する。
On the other hand, the electrons emitted from the dynode 4 will surely collide with the secondary electron surface of the dynode 5 since the secondary electron surfaces of the dynode 4 and dynode 5 are substantially opposed to each other.

従って、他の光電子増倍管の縦断面構造を示す第2図の
ダイノード14,15.16および1Tのように常に前
段と後段のダイノードの二次電子面に対向し、その結果
、一つおきに同一方向に設置したダイノード列を用いる
こともあった。
Therefore, like dynodes 14, 15, 16, and 1T in FIG. 2 showing the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of other photomultiplier tubes, the secondary electron surfaces of the front and rear dynodes are always opposite to each other, and as a result, every other photomultiplier In some cases, dynode arrays placed in the same direction were used.

しかし、このダイノードの配列によれば、ダイノード列
は管軸に対して45度をなして延長するから気密容器1
1の側壁によってダイノードの段数が限られる。
However, according to this dynode arrangement, the dynode row extends at 45 degrees to the tube axis, so the airtight container
The number of dynode stages is limited by the single sidewall.

本発明は、上述の欠点を除いて常にダイノードの二次電
子面を前段および後段のダイノードの二次電子面に対向
して配列すると共に、同一気密容器内に並列して4個の
ダイノード列とそれぞれのダイノード列に対応した4個
の収集電極を設置して同時に4つの入力光を検出するこ
とができるものである。
Except for the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention always arranges the secondary electron surfaces of the dynodes opposite to the secondary electron surfaces of the preceding and subsequent dynodes, and has four dynode rows arranged in parallel in the same airtight container. Four collection electrodes are installed corresponding to each dynode row, and four input lights can be detected simultaneously.

第5図は、本発明を実施した光電子増倍管を光の入射側
から見た図で、22は正方形断面を有する有底筒状容器
21の側壁、23.2425および26は同一構造を有
する4個の集束電極で、実質的に透明な上記有底筒状容
器の底面およびその底面内壁に形成された光電面を隔て
た容器21内に設置しである。
FIG. 5 is a view of a photomultiplier tube embodying the present invention viewed from the light incident side, where 22 is a side wall of a bottomed cylindrical container 21 having a square cross section, and 23, 2425 and 26 have the same structure. Four focusing electrodes are installed in the container 21 separated from the bottom surface of the substantially transparent bottomed cylindrical container and the photocathode formed on the inner wall of the bottom surface.

第6図は、第5図のA−A面における光電子増倍管の縦
断面図で、22は容器21の側壁で第5図22と同一部
分である。
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the photomultiplier tube taken along the line A--A in FIG. 5, and 22 is the side wall of the container 21, which is the same part as FIG. 22.

27は容器21の一方の底面を構成する面板で透明なガ
ラスによって形成され、その内面に光電面28が形成さ
れている。
Reference numeral 27 denotes a face plate constituting one bottom surface of the container 21, which is made of transparent glass, and has a photocathode 28 formed on its inner surface.

23.24は集束電極で容器21の底面の辺の2分の1
以下の直径を有し一端に底面を有する円筒状をなし、開
口端を光電面28に対向して、第6図には図示していな
い他の同一形状の集束電極25.26と共に上記容器2
1の中に並列に配置しである。
23 and 24 are focusing electrodes, one half of the bottom side of the container 21.
The container 2 has a cylindrical shape with a bottom at one end and has an open end facing the photocathode 28 together with other focusing electrodes 25 and 26 of the same shape not shown in FIG.
1 in parallel.

集束電極23の底面の中央に矩形の透孔29が設けられ
てダイノード列30の第1段ダイノード31の電子入射
面が対向している。
A rectangular through hole 29 is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the focusing electrode 23, and the electron incident surfaces of the first stage dynodes 31 of the dynode array 30 face each other.

ダイノード31,32,33゜34.35および36は
、前述のボックス・アンド・グリッド型のダイノードで
、各ダイノードの二次電子面は前段および後段のダイノ
ードの二次電子面に対向して設けられ、奇数段目のダイ
ノードおよび偶数段目のダイノードはそれぞれ同一方向
に設置されている。
The dynodes 31, 32, 33, 34, and 36 are the aforementioned box-and-grid type dynodes, and the secondary electron surfaces of each dynode are provided opposite to the secondary electron surfaces of the preceding and subsequent dynodes. , the odd-numbered dynodes and the even-numbered dynodes are installed in the same direction.

従ってダイノード列5は光電子増倍管の軸に対して45
度傾いて、かつ近接した容器の側壁に平行に延長してい
る。
Therefore, the dynode array 5 is 45 mm with respect to the axis of the photomultiplier tube.
inclined at an angle and extending parallel to the adjacent side walls of the container.

従って隣接する収束電極24の軸の延長上に達し、最終
段ダイノド36の出射口に対向して収集電極31が対向
して設けられている。
Therefore, the collecting electrode 31 is provided on the extension of the axis of the adjacent focusing electrode 24 and facing the exit port of the final stage dynode 36 .

同様に収束電極24゜25および26の底面に設けられ
た透孔に対応してダイノード列が設けられ、それぞれ収
束電極26.25および23の軸の延長上に達している
Similarly, dynode rows are provided corresponding to the through holes provided in the bottom surfaces of the focusing electrodes 24, 25, and 26, and reach the extensions of the axes of the focusing electrodes 26, 25, and 23, respectively.

上述のように本発明の光電子増倍管は、4個のボックス
・、アンド・グリッド型ダイノード列からなり、各ダイ
ノードの二次電子面が前段および後段のダイノードの二
次電子面と対向するよ゛うに配列してダイノード列を構
成し、各ダイノード列は隣接する収束電極の軸の延長上
に延長することによって、4個のダイノード列を一体と
してコンパクトに気密容器内に収納することができたも
ので、これによって電子増倍率が高く、また電子増倍率
のバラツキのない光電子増倍管が得られると共に、光電
面、収束電極、ダイノードに加える電圧は4個のダイノ
ード列について共通でよいから気密容器の壁を通して電
圧を供給するリード線を多数省略することができるもの
である。
As described above, the photomultiplier tube of the present invention consists of four box-and-grid type dynode arrays, and the secondary electron surface of each dynode is arranged so that the secondary electron surface of each dynode faces the secondary electron surface of the preceding and subsequent dynodes. By arranging them in this manner to form a dynode row, and each dynode row extending along the axis of the adjacent focusing electrode, the four dynode rows could be compactly housed as one in an airtight container. As a result, a photomultiplier tube with a high electron multiplication factor and no variation in electron multiplication factor can be obtained, and since the voltage applied to the photocathode, focusing electrode, and dynode can be common to all four dynode rows, it is airtight. This eliminates the need for a large number of lead wires that supply voltage through the walls of the container.

かかる4個のダイノード列を有する光電子増倍管は、分
光器によって分光された複数のスペクトル強度を同時に
計測する場合に有効に用いられ、また通称ガンマ−カメ
ラと呼ばれる癌病巣を検出するための放射線位置検出器
は一平面上に多数の光電子増倍管を配列するから都合よ
く用いられるものである。
A photomultiplier tube having four dynode arrays is effectively used when simultaneously measuring the intensity of multiple spectra separated by a spectrometer, and is also commonly used as a gamma camera to detect cancer foci. A position detector is conveniently used because it has a large number of photomultiplier tubes arranged on one plane.

なお、上述の実施例では収束電極は円筒状の場合につい
て説明したが、たとえば矩形筒状のように、気密容器の
矩形断面に効率よくかつ軸対称に配置されるものであれ
ばよい。
In the above-described embodiments, the focusing electrode has a cylindrical shape, but it may be any shape that can be efficiently and axially symmetrically arranged on the rectangular cross section of the airtight container, such as a rectangular cylindrical shape.

また上述のボックス・アンド・グリッド型ダイノード列
の最終段ダイノードと収集電極の間に、収集電極におい
て効率よく電子を収集するため、ボックス・アンド・グ
リッド型ダイノードと異なる形状の1個以上のダイノー
ドを設置する場合にも本発明は適用され効果を生ずるか
ら本発明に含まれることは言うまでもない。
Furthermore, in order to efficiently collect electrons at the collecting electrode, one or more dynodes having a shape different from that of the box-and-grid dynode are installed between the final stage dynode and the collector electrode of the box-and-grid dynode array described above. It goes without saying that the present invention is also included in the present invention since the present invention is applied and produces effects even when the device is installed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図および第2図は、従来の光電子増倍管の縦断面図
である。 第3図および第4図は、第1図、第2図に示したダイノ
ード内での電子の軌道を示す図である。 第5図は、本発明の光電子増倍管の構造を示す平面図、
第6図は、第5図のA−A断面図である。
1 and 2 are longitudinal sectional views of a conventional photomultiplier tube. FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams showing the orbits of electrons within the dynode shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the structure of the photomultiplier tube of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 5.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 有底円筒状の気密容器の透明な一方の底面の内壁に
光電面を形成し、4個の一端にのみ底面を有する筒状の
集束電極を上記気密容器の軸に関して対称に、開口端を
上記光電面に対向して並列に配置し、有底円筒を軸を通
る面で4等分割し、一方の分割面にメツ7ユを形成して
電子入射口とし、他方の分割面を電子出射口とするダイ
ノードを所望の数だけ順次出射口と入射口を対向して、
かつ1つおきに同一の方向に配列した4個のダイノード
列をそれぞれ第1段ダイノードの電子入射口において、
上記集束電極の底面の中央に設けた透孔に対向し、該集
束電極の軸に対して45度をなすと共に、上記気密容器
の軸に関して同一回転方向に実質的に気密容器壁に平行
に延長し、上記各ダイノード列の最終段ダイノードの電
子出射口に対向して電子集束電極を設けたことを特徴と
する光電子増倍管。
1 A photocathode is formed on the inner wall of one transparent bottom of a bottomed cylindrical airtight container, and four cylindrical focusing electrodes each having a bottom at one end are placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of the airtight container, with the open end Arranged in parallel facing the photocathode, the bottomed cylinder is divided into four equal parts along the plane passing through the axis, a mesh 7 is formed on one divided surface to serve as an electron entrance, and the other divided surface is used as an electron exit. The desired number of dynodes as ports are sequentially arranged with the exit port and the entrance port facing each other,
and each of the four dynode rows arranged in the same direction every other row at the electron entrance of the first stage dynode,
Opposed to the through hole provided in the center of the bottom surface of the focusing electrode, making an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the focusing electrode, and extending substantially parallel to the wall of the airtight container in the same rotational direction with respect to the axis of the airtight container. A photomultiplier tube characterized in that an electron focusing electrode is provided opposite to the electron exit aperture of the final stage dynode of each of the dynode rows.
JP11296478A 1978-09-13 1978-09-13 photomultiplier tube Expired JPS593825B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11296478A JPS593825B2 (en) 1978-09-13 1978-09-13 photomultiplier tube

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11296478A JPS593825B2 (en) 1978-09-13 1978-09-13 photomultiplier tube

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5539171A JPS5539171A (en) 1980-03-18
JPS593825B2 true JPS593825B2 (en) 1984-01-26

Family

ID=14599938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP11296478A Expired JPS593825B2 (en) 1978-09-13 1978-09-13 photomultiplier tube

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS593825B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2641900B1 (en) * 1989-01-17 1991-03-15 Radiotechnique Compelec PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE HAVING A LARGE FIRST DYNODE AND A MULTIPLIER WITH STACKABLE DYNODES
FR2654552A1 (en) * 1989-11-14 1991-05-17 Radiotechnique Compelec SEGMENTED PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE WITH HIGH COLLECTION EFFICIENCY AND LIMITED DIAPHYT.
JPH06150876A (en) * 1992-11-09 1994-05-31 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk Photomultiplier and electron multiplier
WO2005091332A1 (en) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-29 Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. Multianode electron multiplier
US7489077B2 (en) 2004-03-24 2009-02-10 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Multi-anode type photomultiplier tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5539171A (en) 1980-03-18

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