JPS5919561A - Method of powderizing scale of fish - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for powdering fish scales for use as animal feed or plant fertilizer.

Sardines, which are a highly caught pelagic fish material distributed in the sea areas around Japan, have been landed in large numbers in recent years due to the 200-yield problem, and have reached enormous quantities in recent years. This sardine is a fish whose scales easily come off, and a lot of scales come off just by washing it with water, and because of the huge amount of fish caught as mentioned above, the amount of sea bream that comes out is also huge.

Here, the form of tricalcium phosphate, which is used to identify the composition based on the amount of components contained in scales, is the main form at 43%, magnesium phosphate is 3.0%, iron phosphate is 2.0%, and crude protein has a binding composition. A type of hard protein whose main component is fibrous collagen. In addition, the scales contain about 40% crude protein and about 21%
It contains many amino acids that make up proteins. In terms of the amount of ingredients and types of amino acids contained, it is comparable to animal protein feed such as Tri-Topo-J meal (meat and bone meal), which is currently used as feed, and fish meal, which is distributed on the market. It has rather excellent digestibility and is extremely effective as a 4fc animal fertilizer.

However, at present, most of the scales are discarded without being effectively used as feed or fertilizer. The reason for this is thought to be the tissue that forms the physical properties of the scales. In other words, when scales are present, they are so coarse and thin that they cannot pass through the animal's larynx, and the protein source of scales is contained within the epidermis and is hardly digested or absorbed. Even if Kichi is used as a fertilizer, the fertilizer ingredients will not have any effect. In this way, it is impossible for mackerel to be used as feed or fertilizer when it is in its present state, so in order to effectively use the scales as feed or fertilizer, we have developed a method to make the scales into a powder and extract the protein contained therein. It is necessary to expose the source and facilitate passage through the larynx of small animals.

However, scales are thin, highly elastic, and have strong stress, so it is very difficult to crush them.In other words, even if you try to crush fish scales by drying them naturally, it is impossible to crush them, or even if you can crush them, the crushing efficiency is extremely low. It is difficult to obtain a fine powder, and if you try to dry the fish scales using an electric dryer or the like and try to crush them, the scales will be partially hardened, so it will be slightly easier to crush them than if you dry them naturally. However, it is far from being a practical powder as only a part of it becomes a fine powder.

Therefore, the present applicant previously provided a method for powderizing fish scales which solved these problems in U.S. Pat. No. 56-47677. This is a method for pulverizing fish scales, which is characterized by steaming fish scales by heating and pressurizing them in a steam atmosphere, then drying them, and then pulverizing them. In other words, if the scales are treated in this way, they will be heated and pressurized with water vapor during the steaming process, causing them to swell, causing distortion on the surface of the scales and partially destroying them. The viscous collage inside undergoes plastic deformation and hardens, and this distortion and hardening makes the scales easier to crush. However, in this method, the steam pressure of U steam is 1.8 to 3 atm,
It is necessary to carry out the treatment at a temperature of 115 to 135°C and a treatment time of 15 to 30 minutes. If the treatment is conducted under conditions harsher than these conditions, the water content of the scales will become too high and there will be a lot of sticky matter on the surface of the scales. Problems arise in that the scales blow out into rectangular shapes and become lumpy, making them difficult to handle.Moreover, there is a large loss of protein, making drying difficult.Moreover, if processing is performed under milder conditions, it is difficult to grind the scales into powder. It is what it is. Therefore, this method requires strict control of steaming conditions, which poses problems in terms of production efficiency.Moreover, it requires drying after steaming, which requires a separate drying process.
In addition to the steaming process, the steaming process itself also takes a long time.
7. This also poses a problem in production efficiency.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is possible to process fish scales with high production efficiency in a short time without requiring a separate drying process and without requiring strict control of conditions. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for powdering.

However, in the present invention, after subjecting fish #l to high-frequency heating treatment,
The above object has been achieved by a method for pulverizing fish scales, which is characterized by pulverization, and the present invention will be described in detail below.

When subjecting fish scales to high-frequency heating treatment, there is no particular need to pre-process the fish by draining or naturally drying the fish.In fact, it is preferable for the fish scales to have some water attached to them from the viewpoint of microwave transmission due to high-frequency heating. . Also, since fish scales are thin pieces, it is difficult for microwaves to act on them, but compressing a large number of fish scales and stacking them in a layer, and then irradiating this with microwaves, is a good way to reduce the effects of microwaves on fish 11'iK. This is preferable for improving the electrodynamics of wave transmission and action. In order to compress and layer the fish Mt in this way, it is preferable that there is water attached to the fish scales. Currently, in Japan, microwave frequencies of 915 MHz and 2450 MHz are used in high-frequency heat treatment, but it is preferable to use microwaves of 2450 MHz from the viewpoint of drying efficiency.

When fish JItK microphone D waves are irradiated, frictional heat is generated in the molecules that make up the fish scales, causing the fish scales to generate heat from within, and this heat evaporates the water contained within the fish scales and dries them, causing the fish scales to tighten their tissues. Distortion occurs, and the fish scales lose their elasticity and harden. At this time, the water attached to the fish scales is of course evaporated. Wait until the water content of fish #1 reaches 7% or less before irradiating with microwaves. If the moisture content is 7 or more, drying may not be sufficient and pulverization may not be easy. What is the specific microwave irradiation time for processing fish scales, raw species, and high-frequency heating dosage? This is determined by the Lj force, etc., and can be easily obtained experimentally, but usually about 1 to 20 minutes is sufficient. When fish scales are treated with high frequency in this way, the fish scales are heated from within, so the π-Fish NF itself is a heat source and the drying speed is faster, making the drying time much longer than with external heating methods. In addition, when drying fish scales using an external heating method, the surface of the fish scales is subjected to iM heating, which destroys the tissue and causes internal nutrients to flow out, but this does not occur.In addition, the above-mentioned special features Gansho 56-4
If steaming is performed as in No. 7677, drying must be performed in the next step, requiring two steps of steaming and subsequent drying, but if high frequency heat treatment is performed as in the present invention, Fish scales can be processed in one step. In addition, high frequency heating treatment! If the fish scales dry too quickly, add 2 liters of water vapor to the fish scales! This process may be performed while performing Jnf. In addition, when performing high-frequency heating, instead of evaporating the water inside the fish scales and the ice coating that adheres to it by just this high-frequency heating treatment, the water inside the fish scales is first evaporated by high-frequency heating, and then the water inside the fish scales is evaporated, and then the water is dried with hot air. The water may be evaporated. In this way, the high frequency heating treatment can be completed in a short time, which is advantageous in terms of energy efficiency.

After high-frequency heat treatment as described above, the fish scales are crushed, but since the fish scales are dried and hardened and lose their elasticity, they are easily crushed, so it is difficult to finely crush them (!: There are various types of crushers, such as a grinder type, a one-sided hemometer type, and a one-sided cutter type, and any of these types of crushers can be used, but a one-way hemometer type or a one-sided cutter type are particularly preferred.

As described above, in the present invention, the fish scales are subjected to high-frequency heating treatment and then crushed. Therefore, the fish scales generate heat from inside due to the high-frequency heating, and this heat generation evaporates the water contained within the fish scales. When dried, it loses its elasticity, hardens, and becomes easily pulverized, making it easy to turn fish scales into fine powder.Fish scales can be used effectively as feed (or fertilizer).Also, by high-frequency heating, Fish scales generate heat from within, and the moisture contained inside the fish scales is efficiently evaporated, allowing the fish scales to be dried in a short time. There is also the risk that the fish scales will overheat and break the braid, causing the nutrients inside the fish scales to leak out or be destroyed.In addition, the internal heat generated by high-frequency heating causes the moisture inside the fish scales to evaporate. In order to be evaporated, there is no need to carry out a steaming process as in Utility Model Application No. 56-47677'jl, and therefore there is no need to carry out a two-step process of steaming and subsequent drying. There is no need for high-frequency heating treatment, and the treatment can be carried out by simply controlling the irradiation time of the microwaves that are emitted from experience, and it is not necessary to strictly control various factors such as vapor pressure, temperature, and time as in steaming treatment. There is no need to do it separately, and the process can be done in a short and easy manner.

Next, this is illustrated by examples.

<Comparative Example 1> Sardine scales with a water content of 16.5 inches (meaning % weight ratio; the same applies hereinafter) were subjected to pulverization without being treated.

Comparative Example 2 A grade of sardine with a moisture content of 165 or more was dried with hot air in an electric dryer at 110° C. for 1 hour and 30 minutes, so that the moisture content of the scales was 6.2%. This was subjected to pulverization. Comparative Example 3> Sardine rice that had been air-dried and had a moisture content of 16.5% was prepared under the conditions of a steam pressure of 2 atm, a heating temperature of 1.20°C, and a processing time of 30 minutes. Steamed in an autoclave. The water content of the scales after steaming was 21.0%.

The scales were dried with hot air in an electric dryer at 120° C. for 50 minutes to reduce the moisture content of the scales to 6.0%. This was subjected to pulverization.

<Example> Sardine scales with a moisture content of 50% including attached water 20
0y was compressed into a layer, and this was placed in a high frequency heating device with an output of 500 W, and microwaves of 245°±50 MHz were irradiated for 12 minutes to bring the moisture content of the scales to 5.8%. This was subjected to pulverization.

In addition, as a grinding machine, a grinding type grinder, a hammer one-side grinder type, and a cutter one-handling grinder were used. As a one-type crusher, we use the ultrafine crusher Nick Sample Sanru K)l-1 (Daiken Rikagaku Kikai Co., Ltd.), and as a one-type cutter crusher, we use a powerful water-cooled small crusher (Sanshin Kogyo Co., Ltd.). (manufactured by Co., Ltd.).The particle size distribution of scale-pulverized products using these various types of crushers is shown in the table below.

In the table above, in the grinding type pulverizer, the samples in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 clogged the input port of the pulverizer and were discharged in an unpulverized state, making it impossible to crush them.

Furthermore, as shown in the table above, it is confirmed that it is difficult to pulverize the samples of Comparative Example 1.2, and that the samples of Examples can be pulverized as finely as, or better than, those subjected to steaming.

Agent Patent Attorney Ishi 1) Choshichi

Claims (1)

[Claims] +11 A method for pulverizing fish scales, which comprises subjecting fish scales to high-frequency heating treatment and then pulverizing them. (2) A method for powderizing fish scales according to claim 1, which comprises subjecting the compressed and layered fish scales to high-frequency heating treatment.