JPS59140299A - Manufacture of oil and fat containing high cholesterol quantity - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a novel method for producing fats and oils with a high cholesterol content.

Cholesterol has traditionally been widely used as a reagent for animal experiments in research on the treatment and prevention of arteriosclerosis caused by cholesterol, but in recent years it has also been used as an oil phase component in cosmetics and in soaps. Also, its use as a raw material for surfactants and the like is attracting attention.

Traditionally, pure cholesterol has been produced industrially by recrystallizing and further refining wastes obtained from animal brains, blood pulp, fish oil, and wool oil, or by recrystallizing and refining 1,6
-cymethoxy naphtha, ren or 4-methoxy-2,5
-) It is obtained by synthesizing from luquinone through several dozen steps.

On the other hand, various methods for producing crude cholesterol have been known, and a representative example is a method in which cholesterol contained in foods is extracted using various solvents. For example, there is a method of solid-liquid extraction of cholesterol contained in egg liquid or egg powder using an organic solvent (alcohol, n-hexane, acetone, dimethyl ether, etc.). As a specific example of this method,
6-42944 discloses a method for extracting cholesterol-containing substances from egg yolk solids using a non-polar solvent, and JP-A-47-19062 discloses a method for extracting cholesterol-containing oil from egg yolk using acetone. A method for obtaining the information is disclosed. However, while the extraction method using a solvent as described above is an extremely simple method, it not only extracts almost all of the various oils and fats contained in the raw food along with cholesterol, but also the extracted oil that is obtained does not contain the desired cholesterol. The content is low. Therefore, in order to obtain pure cholesterol from the extracted oil extracted by the method described above, it is necessary to go through a considerable purification process, which has drawbacks such as poor yield. There is.

Therefore, it is desired to develop a simple method for producing crude cholesterol by extracting cholesterol-containing fats and oils from cholesterol-containing substances, which can extract cholesterol in a purer form and with a higher content. The current situation is that

As a result of repeated research in response to these problems, the present inventor has found that if a dry substance containing cholesterol is brought into contact with supercritical carbon dioxide, the cholesterol contained in the article can be almost completely extracted. Moreover, compared to the conventional extraction method using additives, which involves a fairly wide range of fats and oils, cholesterol can be extracted more selectively by only using specific fats and oils. We have discovered that it is possible to extract fats and oils containing a large amount of oil.

Conventionally, extraction methods using supercritical carbon dioxide as an extraction medium have been known, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-54003;
JP-A-55-69585 or JP-A-57-19
It is introduced in Publication No. 4760, etc.

JP-A No. 55-54003 discloses a method for extracting vegetable fats, animal fats, aromas, drug extracts, etc. from vegetable and animal materials using a combined extraction medium of supercritical carbon dioxide and a liquid extract. Also, JP-A-55-69
No. 585 discloses a method of bringing a caffeine solution into contact with supercritical carbon dioxide and extracting caffeine from this solution.

Furthermore, JP-A-57-194760 discloses a method for extracting concentrated extracts from plants using carbon dioxide under supercritical pressure. However, none of these conventional extraction methods using carbon dioxide as the extraction medium give any indication of the usefulness of carbon dioxide for extracting cholesterol from cholesterol-containing materials.

As a result of extensive research into the usefulness of carbon dioxide as a cholesterol extraction medium for cholesterol-containing substances, the present inventor found that even if the substance contains cholesterol, it is not in a liquid or water-containing state, but rather in a dry state. By bringing supercritical carbon dioxide into contact with a substance that has been made into a liquid, it is not only possible to almost completely extract cholesterol from the substance, but also to extract only specific fats and oils. It has now been discovered that cholesterol can be extracted more selectively, that is, in a purer form and with a higher content, leading to the present invention.

The present invention is characterized in that a dry substance containing cholesterol is brought into contact with supercritical carbon dioxide, and fats and oils with a high cholesterol content are extracted from this substance. The present invention provides a method for producing fats and oils with high cholesterol content.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

The raw materials to which the method of the present invention is applied include all cholesterol-containing substances in a dry state.1 For example, egg powder (whole egg powder, egg yolk powder), milk powder, dried meat. Examples include dried foods containing cholesterol, such as dried seafood, dried seaweed, etc., and dried substances containing cholesterol, such as dried livestock brains and blood pulp. Dry.

It may be dried and melted by any drying means such as spray drying, freeze drying, and sun drying.

Further, in the method W of the present invention, it is desirable that the degree of drying is such that the moisture content is 15% or less, preferably 2 to 8%.

This is because even if a substance other than a powder is dried to this extent, the entire substance becomes spongy and the contact surface with the extraction medium is increased, so that the method of the present invention can be carried out effectively.

Substances that are in a liquid or water-containing state even if they contain cholesterol 1 For example, egg fluid, milk, raw meat, fresh seafood, etc., when they come into contact with supercritical carbon dioxide, their moisture first turns into supercritical carbon dioxide. Because it is taken in, the cholesterol extraction effect of supercritical carbon dioxide is inhibited.

Therefore, even if the method of the present invention is applied to these liquid or water-containing substances, it is difficult to effectively extract the cholesterol contained therein.

The supercritical carbon dioxide used as the cholesterol extraction medium in the method of the present invention is defined as having a critical temperature of 31.0°C or higher during extraction and a temperature of 72.0°C or higher. It refers to carbon dioxide under the critical pressure of FiO or higher pressure, and carbon dioxide under such conditions is called carbon dioxide in a supercritical state. In particular, 35-45℃
Supercritical carbon dioxide at a temperature of from 130 to 250 atmospheres is preferably used in the process of the invention.

The operation of extracting cholesterol-containing fats and oils from dry cholesterol-containing substances using supercritical carbon dioxide as an extraction medium can be carried out using conventional supercritical carbon dioxide as long as this extraction operation can be carried out effectively. It can also be carried out using the extraction apparatus used in the extraction method using the extraction medium.

Generally, it may be carried out according to the specific examples shown below.

A specific example will be described below with reference to FIG.

FIG. 1 shows an extraction device used for extracting cholesterol, in which a plunger pump 2 is operated from a liquid carbon dioxide tank 1 to gasify liquid carbon dioxide through a heating device 3, and then the liquid carbon dioxide is sequentially fed into an extraction tank 4. side valve 5
By keeping it closed, a supercritical state of carbon dioxide is formed. The extraction tank 4 is filled in advance with a dry substance containing cholesterol, which is brought into contact with the formed supercritical carbon dioxide. In addition, the temperature in the heating device 3 and the operation of the silanger pump 2
8b Supercritical carbon dioxide having desired conditions can be formed by appropriately adjusting the pressure. Extraction tank 4
At the point when cholesterol extraction has started, open the rubra halfway.

The carbon dioxide in a critical state containing cholesterol released from the extraction tank 4 turns into carbon dioxide gas at normal pressure and is led to the separation tank 6, where the extracted fats and oils are separated, and the carbon dioxide gas is further collected through a cylindrical filter 7. be done. Next, the extracted fats and oils remaining in the separation tank 6 after separation are appropriately recovered from there. On the other hand, the substance from which cholesterol has been extracted remains in the extraction tank 4 equipped with filters at the upper and lower parts, and is appropriately recovered as a low-cholesterol substance after release of supercritical carbon dioxide.

As is clear from the results of test examples in which the extracted fats and oils obtained as described above were compared with those obtained by conventional manufacturing methods using various solvents, which will be described later.

It has a considerably high cholesterol content, and while the conventional method extracts a wide range of fats and oils, especially phospholipids, and pigments together with cholesterol, it does not contain specific fats and oils, such as egg yolk. In the case of powder, it is accompanied by only 1-glyceride, and cholesterol is extracted more selectively.

Furthermore, since the cholesterol extraction medium used in the present invention is supercritical carbon dioxide, the fats and oils extracted according to the present invention can be very easily and almost completely separated from this extraction medium by returning the pressure to normal pressure after completion of extraction. Moreover, even if carbon dioxide remains in this fat or oil, it is harmless to the human body.

The oils and fats extracted by the present invention have a high cholesterol content (and only contain specific oils and fats), so they can be used as raw materials for cosmetics, etc., and can be used as raw materials for cosmetics, etc. By applying this, it is possible to obtain highly pure cholesterol fats and oils, which are also useful as raw materials for reagents.

On the other hand, in conventional methods of extraction using various solvents, in order to obtain the desired fats and oils as a mixture of fats and oils, it is necessary to separate the two, and for this purpose a special separation process must be provided. Moreover, it is difficult to completely remove residual harmful solvents from the oil.Furthermore, the oils and fats obtained in this way can be used on scales with low cholesterol content or with a fairly wide range of fats and oils. Because it contains cholesterol, it is necessary to go through many more steps to recover only cholesterol from it.

Next, the method for producing fats and oils with a high cholesterol content of the present invention using supercritical carbon dioxide as an extraction medium will be explained using test examples in which it was actually compared with conventional methods for producing cholesterol-containing fats and oils using various solvents. In the present invention, all percentages are percentages by weight.

Test Example In this test example, egg yolk powder (containing cholesterol: 2.5% and water content: 2.4%) was used as the dry substance containing cholesterol.

Cholesterol-containing fats and oils were produced from this food by the following extraction methods.

1. Extraction method: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (this invention) Using the extraction apparatus shown in Fig. 1 described above, extract 50 g of egg yolk powder at 40°C and 15°C.
The mixture was brought into contact with supercritical carbon dioxide under 0 atmosphere conditions for 5 hours, and after the extraction was completed, the extracted fats and oils were collected.

(2) N-hexane extraction (Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-42944) 50 g of egg yolk powder was stirred and extracted using 150 mA of n-hexane, and this was repeated two more times.

Extracted oil and fat (hexane-egg yolk oil solution) was obtained, which was further distilled to separate hexane from the egg yolk oil.

(3) Acetone extraction (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 47-1'9062) Extracted fats and oils (acetone-
Acetone was separated from the egg yolk oil by distillation.

Il, test results = The yield, cholesterol content, and phospholipid content of the extracted fats and oils obtained by each extraction method were investigated according to the usual method, and the results were as follows: It was as shown in the table.

From the above results in Table 1, it is understood that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of the present invention hardly extracts phospholipids, and that cholesterol is extracted much more selectively than in the conventional method.

111, Test result B: The total lipid composition of the low-cholesterol egg yolk powder obtained by the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of the present invention and the extracted fat and oil was investigated using Iyatroscan TIE-10 ((i) - y) manufactured by Ron Co., Ltd. Ta. The results were as shown in FIG. In the figure, (a) is a spectrum showing untreated egg yolk powder, (b) is a spectrum showing low cholesterol egg yolk powder, and (c) is a spectrum showing the total lipid composition of extracted fat and oil.

From Figure 2, specific oil needles, namely triglycerides.

It can be seen that cholesterol is almost selectively extracted with only .

The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, supercritical carbon dioxide was applied to 10 kg of egg yolk powder (cholesterol content: 2.5% and moisture content: 5.2%) at 41°C and 135 atm. were brought into contact with each other for 10 hours, and after the extraction was completed, the extracted fats and oils were collected.

The yield of this fat and oil was 1.8:9, and the cholesterol content was 12.3%. In addition, the phospholipid content is 0
．． It was 0.8%.

Example raw material used was whole egg powder 10 to 9, which had a cholesterol content of 1.8% and a water content of 5.8%;
Supercritical carbon dioxide under the conditions of 2° C. and 150 to 158 atmospheres was brought into contact for 5 hours, and after the extraction was completed, extracted fats and oils were collected (b).

The yield of this fat and oil was 1.0:9, and the cholesterol contained therein was 11.8%. In addition, the phosphorus content was oi%.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of an extraction device for carrying out an extraction operation in the present invention. FIG. 2 is a spectrum showing the total lipid composition of the low-cholesterol egg yolk powder obtained by the method of the present invention and the fat and oil extracted from it. The symbols in the figure indicate the following. 1...Liquid carbon dioxide zenpe, 2...plunger pump, 3...warming device, 4...extraction tank, 5...
valve. 6... Separation tank, 7... Cylindrical filter, (a)...
・Unprocessed egg yolk powder, (b) Low cholesterol egg yolk powder and (c) Extracted oil.

Claims (1)

[Claims] It is characterized by bringing a dry substance containing cholesterol into contact with supercritical carbon dioxide and extracting fats and oils with a high cholesterol content from this substance. A method for producing fats and oils with high cholesterol content.