JPS5846817B2 - Electromagnetic relay and its adjustment method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electromagnetic relay with a switching tongue which is elastically fixed at one end and cooperates with at least one other switching element on the free end side.

Such a closing tongue can be, for example, a contact tongue, an armature or an arming contact.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for adjusting a relay of this type.

Generally, in the manufacturing process of electromagnetic relays, in order to avoid excessively large variations in response values, the operating gap of the magnetic circuit or the contact spacing in the portion that becomes the contactor is adjusted.

This adjustment is often carried out by adjusting screws or by bending the sheet metal parts with adjusting pliers, and this operation requires great care and skill and generally cannot be automated.

Furthermore, as relays become smaller, it is often difficult to get the adjustment tool close to the part to be adjusted, and in the case of conventional relays that have a closed contact system, subsequent adjustment is almost impossible. is occurring.

The relay described in German Patent No. 1,243,271, which attempts to enable subsequent adjustment via an adjusting spring device by means of screws in the case wall, does not provide a real solution to the problem.

This is because not only is the adjustment device very expensive in this case, but the adjustment element no longer functions after the final sealing.

In the case of reed switches, it has already been proposed that a ferromagnetic opening/closing tongue be fused within a glass case and then deformed to its bending limit by a magnetic field applied from the outside (U.S. Pat. No. 3,242,557). However, the bending of the spring tabs in contact with the counter-contact requires very strong magnetic forces, so that the desired adjustment cannot easily be achieved.

Furthermore, the contact force cannot be adjusted independently of the contact spacing, and the initial tension for fixed opposing contacts is hardly achieved with this known method.

The object of the invention is, inter alia, to provide an electromagnetic relay of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the switching tabs to be adjusted can be adjusted in both switching directions and to two arbitrary values. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a structure that allows such adjustment even when the opening/closing tongue piece to be opened and closed is placed in a closed container.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the elastic support of the opening/closing tongue to be adjusted is attached to an elongated ferromagnetic adjustment plate which can be pivoted about a fixed point.

This adjustment plate, which according to the invention is provided as a support for the switching tab, can be bent by an externally applied magnetic field, which is particularly advantageous for closed armatures or contact tabs.

The opening/closing tongue can be designed as a spring tongue or can be supported elastically.

According to the invention, the opening/closing tongue is not deformed during the adjustment process, but the adjustment plate, which is designed as its support, is deformed.

When this adjustment plate is bent, it changes the support location of the opening/closing tongue.

The free end of the opening/closing tongue can thus assume any position relative to the counter pole piece or counter contact.

This is because only the opening/closing tongue comes into contact with the opposing stopper, and the adjustment plate itself that is to be deformed does not come into contact with it.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adjusting plate is arranged approximately parallel to the closing tab, and the closing tab is mounted close to the fixing point after adjustment.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the opening and closing tabs can be supported elastically at the free end of the adjustment plate in such a way that they are arranged substantially close to and parallel to this.

Furthermore, the adjusting plate preferably has a predetermined bending point with a reduced cross-sectional area in the area between its fixing point and the attachment point of the opening/closing tongue.

This makes it possible to reduce the amount of magnetic force required for adjustment.

The material used for the adjusting plate is preferably soft iron or a material with comparable spring bending limits.

The opening/closing tongue piece itself can be arbitrarily selected according to the present invention,
This can be made, for example, from an elastic contact material in the case of the contact tongue or from a ferromagnetic material in the case of the armature.

This opening/closing tongue may be a generally elastic, electrically and magnetically conducting armature contact, or in other cases it may be a rigid armature secured by a support spring. good.

The switching tongue can be arranged as an arming contact inside the coil of the relay, in which case, for example, the coil winding forms a closed switching chamber.

In all these cases, the adjustment can still be carried out according to the invention on completely assembled, closed and optionally molded relays.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adjusting plate is fastened to the relay housing via two lateral bending bridges that form a pivot axis.

An elongated adjustment plate suspended simply via two bending bridges can be deformed particularly advantageously by the force action of a magnetic field.

In this case, the bending bridge piece acts as a pivot axis.

If a bending bridge piece is placed on the main surface of the adjustment plate approximately in the middle of its length, the magnetic force can be applied for adjustment.

Preferably, the bending bridge pieces are mounted on both sides of the adjusting plate via guiding edges that are fixed without play in the relay housing.

These guide edges can be formed as part of a one-piece support and surround the adjusting plate in a fork-like manner.

It is particularly advantageous if the adjusting plate, together with the bending bridge and the support, is made from one common sheet metal strip.

The switching tongue serving as an armature is preferably fixed to one end of the adjusting plate, preferably by welding.

This end is pressed or bent against an adjusting plate with which the opening tongue runs parallel to it, in order to have the required freedom of movement for the opening and closing movements even after assembly and adjustment. Shaped with sufficient spacing.

The free end of the adjustment plate can be widened in a plow-like manner in order to be able to accommodate as many lines of force as possible for adjustment.

It is advantageous to provide a thin recess in the middle area of the adjustment plate by compression molding to strengthen the adjustment plate, and this allows the adjustment plate to be completely fixed without being deformed in that part during magnetic adjustment. Allowed to rotate.

In order to be able to easily slide the guide edge into a suitable guide groove in the case, it is advantageous to provide a sliding surface at the end of the guide edge.

Preferably, the opposite end of the guide edge is provided with a widening shoulder for pushing in so that no bending moments are applied to the guide edge during assembly.

The support of the adjustment plate may be bent depending on the path of the magnetic flux for magnetic coupling to the ferromagnetic case cap.

If the support for the magnetic part, that is to say the adjusting plate and the opening/closing tab, is also a component of the contact circuit, it is advantageous for the support to be provided with projecting terminal pins.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

The armature contact type relay shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a coil winding frame 1 as a support for the magnet system, which supports a coil winding 2 and inside which Opening/closing room 3
form.

'A ferromagnetic spring tongue 4 running approximately in the axial direction is used as the armature contact, the free end 4a of this spring tongue being connected to the pole piece 5.
, 6 to perform opening and closing movements.

Between the other ends of the pole pieces 5, 6 there is a permanent magnet 7, such that the spring tongue 4 is drawn towards one or the other pole piece depending on the direction of the current in the coil 2.

Pole pieces 5 and 6 simultaneously serve as electrical counter-contacts.

Electrical connection terminals are not shown.

The fixed end portion 4b of the spring tongue piece 4 is not directly fixed to the case, that is, the coil winding frame, but is fixed to the adjustment plate 8.

The adjustment plate 8 extends substantially parallel to the spring tongue 4,
Made of ferromagnetic material with low bending limit.

This adjusting plate 8 is fixed to the coil winding frame 1 on the other side by bridge pieces 9 and 10.

For this purpose, the coil bobbin has grooves 11 and 12 running parallel to the axis.

These grooves 11 and 12 are located on both sides of the adjustment plate 80 on one end surface side of the opening/closing chamber 3.

Between the fixing bridge pieces 9, 10, the adjustment plate 8 has a notched lug 13 to which the spring tongue 4 is fixed, for example welded at point 14.

The two fixing bridge pieces 9 and 10 each have a set bending point 15 or 16 with a thinner cross-section outside their fixing area, so that the adjusting plate 8 is able to absorb a magnetic field with a relatively small force applied from the outside. It can be bent.

When the adjustment plate 8 is bent, the supporting point of the spring tongue 4 shifts slightly, so that the free end of the spring tongue can be moved to one or the other of the two opposing poles 5, 6 with an appropriate initial tension depending on the desired adjustment. They either touch each other or take an intermediate position.

The connection between the adjusting plate 8 and the spring tongue 4 is such that the stiffness of the spring tongue does not prevent the adjusting plate from bending further when the spring hits the pole piece 5 or 6.

The adjusting plate 8 is bent by a magnetic field applied from the outside.

This magnetic field is generated by a coil 17, for example.

The long axis of the elongated ferromagnetic part forms an angle of 0 ~ 90° with the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic field, but on this ferromagnetic part, as is well known, let us rotate the long axis in the direction of the magnetic flux lines. A rotational moment acts.

This ferromagnetic part (balance plate in the illustrated embodiment) is longitudinally magnetized by a magnetic field and acts as a dipole.

Its magnetic moment is p=I・■ It is.

However, ■ represents magnetization, and ■ represents volume.

A dipole with a magnetic moment p forming an angle α with respect to the magnetic flux lines with field strength H is acted upon by a rotational moment of

D=p-H-8inα If the part is fixed on one side, this rotational moment corresponds to a force acting at right angles to the largest surface of the adjustment plate and at its end.

This force Fh can be expressed as follows when the length of the adjusting plate is 1.

h-- The rotational moment varies depending on the sine value of the angle between the adjusting plate to be bent and the lines of magnetic flux.

However, if the angle α is 90°, no magnetization of the adjustment plate can take place, so the angle α must be chosen smaller.

In practice, the optimum value of the rotational moment is obtained when the angle α is smaller than 90° to 15°.

In addition to the directional effect in a uniform magnetic field, the force that tends to move the ferromagnetic member in the direction of increasing field strength in a non-uniform magnetic field (the attractive effect of the pole piece) is also used for magnetic adjustment. be able to.

This additional force Fi' can be approximately expressed by the following equation.

dH F1=I cos a °π Since this force acts in the direction of the magnetic flux lines, to obtain the component perpendicular to the adjusting plate, the force must be multiplied by violet sin α. .

The force is applied to the center of gravity.

In the case of fixation on one side, the balanced force Fi exerted on the end of the adjustment plate is obtained by multiplying by 1/2.

1 dH Fi=-; I °7; 7 °cos a °sin a
The adjustment of the relay according to FIG. 1 is carried out before the installation of the permanent magnets.

The state of the spring can be determined by electrical measurements during individual magnetic field pulses, for example by capacitance between the intermediate contact and the pair of contacts, or, in the case of a neutral system as in this example, by placing the spring nearby. It is detected via the excitation required to bend towards a certain pole piece.

Another measurement method is to measure the response excitation and return excitation of a polarized system created in the regulating device by connecting an external permanent flux circuit.

If you wish to perform magnetic adjustment of the permanent magnet later if necessary,
It must be ensured that the adjustment no longer changes.

For this purpose, it is preferable to apply a demagnetizing magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the preferred direction of the permanent magnet.

Of course, it is preferable to perform this adjustment using a completed relay.

In this case, the response value of the completed relay can be used as the adjustment criterion.

The response value can be set particularly precisely by carrying out the adjustment process in combination with the magnetic adjustment process of the permanent magnet.

In this case, it is preferable to ensure that mutual interference between the two processes never occurs.

It is important in that case that one of the two processes is carried out without changing the final state of the other.

For example, when performing magnetic adjustment of a permanent magnet without affecting the adjustment, such as by running the magnetic flux lines of the demagnetizing field parallel to the coil axis, the adjustment is performed first, and then the magnetic adjustment is performed.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show the adjusting plate 18 slightly modified from FIG. 1. FIG.

This adjustment plate is inserted into the relay, for example into the coil bobbin 1, instead of the adjustment plate 80, and is inserted into the contact tongue 2 at the point 19.
0 and has two bridge pieces 21 and 22 on the sides, and the adjusting plate 18 can be fixed to the case at these bridge pieces.

Like the adjusting plate 8, the adjusting plate 18 also has a setting bend point 23 with a reduced cross section.

5 and 6, a rigid armature 24 is used instead of the spring tongue, which armature is connected to the magnetic core 26 by a leaf spring 25.

This magnetic core 26 simultaneously serves as an adjustment plate.

A set bending point 28 is provided between the fixed region 27 of the magnetic core 26 and the adjusting plate 26 .

Therefore, in this case as well, adjustment can be performed by magnetically deforming the adjustment plate 26.

FIG. 7 shows another example of application of the present invention.

Although a contact spring 31 is shown here, this contact spring 31 is not fixed directly to a support 32 but to a ferromagnetic reinforcing plate 33.

This reinforcing plate 33 is adapted to be deformed by a magnetic field in order to adjust the contact, and here too it is preferable to provide a set bending point 34.

8 to 10 show a spring tongue 41 used as an armature contact, one end of which is fixed to one end 42 of an adjustment plate 43, for example by welding.

This adjustment plate 43 is a part of one ferromagnetic support 44, and the support 44 surrounds the adjustment plate 43 in a fork shape with two guide edges 45 and 46, and a bending bridge provided approximately in the middle. It is supported via pieces 47° and 48.

The adjusting plate end 42 supporting the spring tabs 41 is stepped by compression molding so that the parallel spring tabs have sufficient play for their opening and closing movement.

The free end 49 of the adjustment plate is widened in order to receive as many lines of force as possible during magnetic adjustment.

The depression 50 formed in the middle of the adjusting plate 43 serves to reinforce the adjusting plate 43.

The guide edges have sliding surfaces 51 and 52 to facilitate the insertion of the relay case into the guide groove and, at the opposite ends, push-in shoulders 53 and 54, respectively.

This avoids bending moments on the support 44 that could occur at the right-angled end 55 when pushed into the relay case.

This right-angled end 55 serves to magnetically couple the support 44 to the ferromagnetic case cap.

Furthermore, this end portion 55 supports an extended terminal pin 56.

The terminal pin 56 is pulled out as a plug-in terminal or a soldering terminal, and can be attached to a desired position on a printed circuit or the like by means of a bent portion 57.

11 and 12 show the relay in its completed state with the spring tongue 41 and support 44 of FIGS. 8 to 10. FIG.

A coil winding frame 58 that supports the coil 59 and forms an opening/closing chamber 60 therein is used as the case.

Free end 41 of spring tongue piece 41 used as an arming contact
a is arranged between two angular pole pieces 61, 62.

The pole pieces 61, 62 are connected to a permanent magnet 63 on the end side.

The support 44 for the adjustment plate 43 and the spring tongue 41 is such that the coil winding frame 58 is slid into the guide grooves 64, 65 via the guide bridges 45, 46.

The support 44 is magnetically coupled via a bent end 55 to a ferromagnetic case cap 66.

FIG. 13 illustrates the process of adjusting the relay.

The support body 44 with the adjustment plate 43 and the spring tabs 41 can be integrated into the relay and the spring tabs can be adjusted even after the switching chamber has been closed.

For this purpose, a magnetic field is applied via the pole pieces 67,68.

The magnetic flux lines of this magnetic field run through the adjustment plate 43, and a magnetic force acts on this adjustment plate.

This magnetic field bends the adjusting plate 43 about the rotation axis formed by the bending bridge pieces 47 and 48.

Arrows 70° and 71 indicate the direction of bending.

In this way, the spring tongue 41 can be brought into any rest position between the opposing pole pieces 61, 62, the relay characteristics being adjusted by the residual deformation of the bending bridges 47, 48.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIGS. 1 and 2 are longitudinal and cross-sectional views of a magnetically adjustable relay showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
Figures 7 through 7 are side views and plan views showing modified examples of the opening/closing tongue used in this relay, and Figures 8 through 10 are bottom views and side cross-sections of the opening/closing tongue and adjustment plate in different embodiments. Figures 11 and 12 are vertical cross-sectional views and cross-sectional views of the relay equipped with the adjusting plate shown in Figures 8 to 10, and Figure 13 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the adjustment process. It is. 1...Coil winding frame, 2...-Coil winding, 3...Opening/closing chamber, 4...Spring tongue piece, 5
, 6...Pole piece, 7...Permanent magnet, 8...
... Adjustment plate, 9, 10 ... Bridge piece, 11.
12... Groove, 15... Setting bending point, 17... Coil, 18... Adjustment plate,
20... Contact tongue piece, 2L22... Bridge piece, 23... Set bending point, 24... Armature, 25... Plate Spring, 26...Magnetic core, 31...Contact spring, 32...Support, 33...Reinforcement plate, 34...Bending setting Locations, 41... Spring tongue piece, 43... Adjustment plate, 45, 46... Guide edge, 47.48...
... Bending bridge piece, 50 ... Hollow, 51 ...
...Sliding surface, 53, 54 ... Shoulder for pushing, 56 ... Terminal pin, 58 ... Coil winding frame, 59 ... Coil , 60... Switching chamber, 61, 62... Pole piece, 63...
Permanent magnet, 64, 65... Guide groove, 66...
...Case cap.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An opening/closing tongue whose one end is elastically fixed and whose free end side cooperates with at least one other opening/closing element, and the elastic support part of the opening/closing tongue pivots around the fixed point. An electromagnetic relay characterized in that it is mounted on a ferromagnetic adjustment plate of possible elongation. 2. The electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment plate is arranged substantially parallel to the opening/closing tongue and supports the opening/closing tongue near its fixed location. 3. The electromagnetic relay according to claim 1, wherein the opening/closing tongue piece is disposed close to the free end of the adjusting plate. 4. The electromagnetic relay according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adjustment plate has a set bending point in a range between the fixing point and the attachment point of the opening/closing tongue. 5. Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adjusting plate is made of a material having an elastic bending limit comparable to that of soft iron.
The electromagnetic relay described in any of the paragraphs. 6. The electromagnetic relay according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the entire opening/closing tongue piece is made of an elastic material. T. The electromagnetic relay according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the opening/closing tongue piece is formed as a rigid armature and is attached to the adjustment plate via a leaf spring. 8. Claim 1, characterized in that the opening/closing tongue piece is disposed within the coil winding frame of the relay as an armature contact.
The electromagnetic relay according to any one of Items 7 to 7. 9. The adjustment plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the adjustment plate is fixed within the relay case via two side bending bridge pieces forming a pivot axis. Electromagnetic relay. 10. The electromagnetic relay according to claim 9, wherein the bending bridge piece is provided on the main surface of the adjustment plate approximately in the middle of its length. 11. The electromagnetic relay according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the bending bridge pieces are attached to the relay case on both sides of the adjustment plate via guide edges fixed without play. 12. An electromagnetic relay according to claim 11, characterized in that the guide edge is formed as a part of a one-piece support and surrounds the adjusting plate in a fork-like manner. 13. An electromagnetic relay according to claim 12, characterized in that the adjustment plate is made from one common strip-shaped thin plate together with the bending bridge piece and the support body. 14. The electromagnetic relay according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the end of the adjustment plate supporting the opening/closing tongue is stepped with respect to the opening/closing tongue. 15. The electromagnetic relay according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the free end of the adjustment plate is widened. 16. The electromagnetic relay according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the adjustment plate is press-molded (reinforced by recesses) running in the longitudinal direction. 17. Guide of the relay case. The electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the guide edge that can be inserted into the groove has a pushing shoulder whose width is widened at an end on one end side. Relay. 18. The electromagnetic relay according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the guide edge has a sliding surface on the free end side. 19. The support body has a sliding surface on the free end side. 19. Claims 12 to 1, characterized in that the invention has a terminal pin.
The electromagnetic relay according to any of Item 8. 20 An elongated ferromagnetic material comprising an opening/closing tongue whose one end is elastically fixed and whose free end side cooperates with at least one other opening/closing element, and whose elastic support part can pivot around the fixing point. To adjust an electromagnetic relay attached to an adjustment plate, place the relay in a magnetic field such that the lines of magnetic flux of this magnetic field are at an angle of 0 to 90° to the long axis of the adjustment plate, and A method for adjusting an electromagnetic relay, characterized in that the relay is deformed by individual magnetic field pulses, and the position or initial tension of the opening/closing tongue is detected by electrical measurement between the individual magnetic field pulses. 21 The angle between the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic field and the long axis of the adjustment plate is 7
21. The method for adjusting an electromagnetic relay according to claim 20, wherein the angle is selected within a range of 5° to 90°. 22. Claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the magnetic field used for adjustment is applied so that a permanent magnet provided in the relay is magnetized by the adjustment magnetic field pulse. How to adjust electromagnetic relay.