JPS5832983B2 - Color template for tooth color identification - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To fabricate dentures with synthetic resin or ceramic coatings, the dentist must assess the color of the original natural teeth before fabrication.

Following the instructions, the dental technician creates the crown or bridge to be covered, so that the color and appearance are as close as possible to the natural tooth.

With current technology, so-called colored rings (color pattern braided specimens)
is used.

This is based on a combination of multiple denture specimens that are anatomically shaped and graded according to color.

These are in the shape of upper front teeth.

Depending on the product, one combination of 6 to 25 model teeth
forming a color palette.

These model teeth are arranged as a colored ring by means of suitable fastening elements or inserted and arranged on a stand.

To assess the color, the dentist places the model teeth next to the patient's original teeth and compares the impressions of the two.

Then, from the color palette, select the molded tooth that has the smallest difference in color from the original tooth.

The code number designation of the model tooth in the colored ring conveys information to the maker's dental technician who has the same colored ring as a standard for making crowns or bridges.

Selection and determination of the appropriate color depends on dental practice and experience, which reflects equipment and individual differences that impair color discrimination ability.

The size and shape of the model teeth used in the colored ring correspond to a representative general average of a large number of patients.

By way of example, as shown in FIG. 1, a model tooth made of, for example, ceramic is made up of multiple layers of different qualities that are sintered together by a multi-step firing process.

The layers formed are based on a basis that varies somewhat depending on the manufacturer of the colored ring: they are matrix 1, dentin 2,
Consisting of enamel 3 and a glaze film, these model teeth are generally fixed tongue-shaped on a gripping support post 4.

A model tooth made of synthetic resin is made up of layers in which different synthetic resins are sequentially polymerized and has a structure similar to that described above.

The dental technician can select the matrix, dentin, and enamel based on the code number of the selected model tooth.

To this end, a palette rich in the shades of each of the above layers is available to him.

The known tint system includes 7 matrix types, 19 dentin types, 14 enamel types, as well as reinforcing or corrective substances and colored dyes to correct calcareous spots, enamel cracks, discolorations, etc.

Despite this wide range of color palettes and the professional special skills of dental technicians, the use of the above-mentioned colored rings ensures that dentures are produced with colors that match the patient's original teeth and with a lively appearance. I can't.

(This is true even when there is no cause for failure in detailed appraisal, peripheral color reflection, recognition of tooth characteristics, etc.)

) Despite the existence of a wide color palette of ceramic materials and the superior quality of these layers, the number of patients who wish to be fitted with covered dentures are tonally inaccurately fitted. The reality is that there are surprisingly many such cases worldwide.

To replace the front teeth, the dentist creates a metal cap that is inflatable.

It can also be a component of a bridge.

For cosmetic or aesthetic reasons, yellow or gray metal crowns made of alloys of precious or non-precious metals are coated with ceramics or synthetic resins.

The dentist will determine the minimum amount of tooth material that needs to be removed and whether it can be replaced.

On the other hand, a metal crown with a covering, as shown for example in FIG. 2, has a minimum wall thickness, which must be thick enough to have sufficient mechanical and thermal resistance in the oral cavity. .

A typical crown, shown in FIG. 2, consists of a metal cap 5 cast from an alloy of precious or non-precious metals, the structure and wall thickness of which depend on the anatomical facts of the patient's teeth.

The labial wall thickness of metal crowns is usually on the order of 0.2 to 0.4.

The alloy contains components that form so-called sticky oxides (ceramic substances stick to the metal structure) when heated.

Ceramic is applied in successive layers onto this metal cap 5 and fired.

The substrate 1 with a minimum thickness of 0.3 mm should cover a black-gray metal surface color.

It is also necessary when using a gold coated gold crown.

The columnar substrate layer, which has a dark metal surface, must be thick and shaped.

The thickness of the dentin layer 2 should not be less than 0.6 mm in order to obtain the required transparency.

The apical area of the tooth is coated with enamel 3, optionally up to twice its thickness.

In order to imitate the transparency of juvenile teeth in the incisor region, special transparent layers are optionally also used.

Finally, this coating laminate can be overcoated with the glaze Noilm in order to obtain a high reflectance.

Thus, the total labial layer thickness of the ceramic material is typically approximately 1.5 mm.
It is 0 to 1.5 mm.

To make crowns and bridges with synthetic resin coatings (also coatings consisting of multiple layers of different synthetic resins), the synthetic resin is polymerized onto the metal structure to provide a holding force.

The thickness of the synthetic resin coating is usually 1.3 to 1.811L1f
It is t.

As mentioned above, crowns typically have a thickness of 1 to 1 mm in the central area of the tooth.
．． 5 mm of covering, and the lip/tongue distance of the front teeth is 5 to 8.
It's my friend.

The model teeth used in the known colored rings are based on the anatomical shape and have the same lip/tongue distance of 5 to 8 mm, including the fixing elements to the retainer.

As our research has shown, it is possible to make several coated crowns with the same optical properties from the same starting material using known color rings, based on the difference in the thickness of each optically active layer. is impossible in principle.

Only flakes of the same thickness have the same tone, color saturation and brightness.

Even if the dentist chooses a model tooth that corresponds to the original tooth when determining the color, the dental technician will inevitably create a covered crown with incorrect color saturation and brightness based on the different thicknesses of the layers. will reach.

Such defects also cannot be corrected by coloring the dentin and enamel layers.

The above-mentioned disadvantages of colored rings consisting of anatomically shaped ceramic or synthetic resin teeth are overcome by the method and color template of the invention described below.

As a color model, a plate-like piece or disc made of layer-forming ceramic or synthetic resin is used whose color, quality and layer thickness correspond to those of the crown of the central anterior tooth.

This ceramic flake, like a crown, is fired from the stroma, dentin, enamel and glaze layers.

The layers used in this case have the customary composition.

Plastic platelets are also formed from conventional plastic layers.

Depending on the possible color combinations of the layers of each layer, the large number of flakes or platelets gives a color ring that can be coded.

The effective layer thickness of the ceramic or synthetic resin coating usually corresponds to 1.0 to 1.5 mm.

A plate-like piece of ceramic or synthetic resin is sintered (in its substrate layer) onto a special (or customary) alloy of noble or non-noble metals for metal-ceramic applications.
° "over-fired") or polymerized, or painted on the back side of the substrate layer with a lacquer containing the corresponding alloy powder or pigment emulsion to give the effect of a black-gray metal layer and to imitate it color-wise and structurally. let

For practical use, if desired, a retaining element is mounted on the color pattern, preferably on the layer side of the substrate.

Our research has shown that the color pattern of the present invention, which has a labial shape, including the apex of the anterior teeth, and is sintered or polymerized onto an alloy, is more surprising than the known tooth model. It has been found that reasonably good results are obtained and that the caps produced thereby fit exactly to the prototype specimens.

According to the invention, the color model can be made as a rectangular or oblong plate and the color comparison is carried out in the central area of the labial surface of the anterior teeth (approximately 70% of the total surface).
) can be localized.

Since the natural color tone of the tooth neck and the extent of transparency of the apical angle have different appearances, it is inherently ineffective to describe each individual case of this zone in detail to the dental technician.

As long as the basic color tone of the anterior tooth surface is determined realistically by the color model of the invention, the deviations that occur in the color of the tooth neck and the transparency of the apex are much less important than in conventional construction methods.

The color pattern according to the invention, which consists of a layer of synthetic resin or ceramic which is laid on a metallic backing or has a base that simulates a metallic effect (metallic tone), can be realized in various ways.

The premise is that the layer thickness and quality of each layer used are always
This corresponds to the structure of a commonly used covering layer for the central area of the front teeth.

As a base simulating a metallic effect, it is also possible to use, for example, black or gray dyes, especially in the form of coarse crystals.

Example 1 Square, circular or oval shape, thickness 0.1-21nff
l.

A conventional ceramic material is sintered in layers of matrix, dentin and enamel on a metal piece with a side length of 2 to 15 mm, and the total thickness of the ceramic does not exceed 1.5 mm.

The metal pieces are made from a suitable conventional noble metal alloy and are scorched as required to form an oxide.

Example 2 The ceramic material is sintered onto the metal piece as in Example 1.

The metal piece here consists of an alloy and a layer of a suitable noble metal alloy applied thereon.

Example 3 A ceramic material is sintered as in Example 1 above onto a metal strip of a suitable non-metallic alloy, for example Cr--Ni--Co.

Example 4 A commonly used colored synthetic resin material is applied in a layer as in Example 1 onto a piece of metal which is made of suitable noble or non-precious metals and has a holding power, and then polymerized.

Example 5 The following method is suitable for the cost-saving production of ceramic or synthetic resin color patterns.

Plastic and ceramic flakes with corresponding layers and a total layer thickness of at most 1.5 mm are produced.

This is coated in its substrate layer with an alloy of noble or non-noble metals commonly used in coated ceramics.

Coating can be effected by electroplating, spraying, vapor deposition or by applying a lacquer containing an alloy dispersion.

A similar effect can also be obtained by using lacquers containing suitable pigments to produce gray tones and special alloys for simulating surface structures.

Example 6 The color pattern is formed like a covering layer having an anatomical shape, but only a hemispherical surface in the labial direction is made of ceramic or synthetic resin, including the tip, with each layer and layer thickness described in the above examples. Calcinate or polymerize as desired.

Then use a hemispherical metal cap as a base or
Or, as in Example 5, apply one layer of alloy or lacquer (after making the ceramic or plastic hemisphere).

Experiments carried out using color rings assembled with color templates according to any of Examples 1 to 6 surprisingly gave results that completely unexpectedly increased the certainty of color determination.

Traditionally, dentists have compared the color of a model tooth and the original tooth by placing the model tooth next to the original tooth.

In this case, reflections of light entering from the side as well as reflections from the upper or lower oral cavity interfere.

Therefore, an adjacent gold crown or dark-colored amalgam filling will disguise the color impression of the model tooth.

As shown in FIG. 3, a plate-shaped or disk-shaped color model 7 of the present invention with a circular or square opening window is placed on the original tooth 6.

The dimensions (diameter or side length) of the opening window are 3 to 10 degrees.

This allows the internal area (original tooth) and the surrounding area (
Compare with color template).

This interior area/periphery area comparison highly eliminates interference from reflected and scattered rays that would otherwise occur.

FIG. 3 is also an example showing the structure of the color pattern to be avoided from the ceramic of the present invention. and 2,30 layers of enamel, which can be fixed to gripping posts 5.

The color pattern made of the synthetic resin of the present invention also has a similar structure.

Clinical experiments carried out with a colored ring consisting of a plurality of colored models with a metal lining according to the invention and a thin-walled ceramic or synthetic resin layer (maximum thickness 1.5 mm) show that conventional anatomical A clear superiority for the determination of color was demonstrated compared to the use of a model tooth molded to the desired shape.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the plane and side surfaces of a conventional model tooth;
Fig. 2 is a side sectional view of a typical covering layer denture, and Fig. 3 is a plane and side sectional view showing an example of the structure of the color model of the present invention, and the color comparison is made by placing it on the original tooth. Indicates the state to be performed.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 Consisting of the same layer-forming ceramic or synthetic resin composite as used in the production of tooth coverings or covering bridges, the thickness of which is to be produced within the narrow boundaries of the coating. A color template for tooth color appraisal, which corresponds to the thickness of the layer, and the back surface is attached to a metal lining surface or has a lining material imitating a metal effect. 2. The color pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer thickness is 1.0 to 1.5 mm. 3. Color pattern according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal backing is made of a ceramic-adhesive noble metal or a special alloy of non-noble metals. 4. Color pattern according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the layer of the metal backing is a vapor-deposited layer, an electroplated layer, a spray-formed layer or a single layer of metal-lacquer. 5. Color pattern according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal-lacquer layer contains metal powder or an optically equivalent material as pigment. 6. The color pattern according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ceramic layer is composed of basal material, dentin, and enamel. 7. The model has an opening window, and when it is circular or oval, its diameter is 3 to 10 mm, and when it is square, its side length is 3 to 10 mm. Color pattern according to any one of the ranges 1 to 6. 8. According to any one of claims 1 to 6, which has the anatomical shape of a front tooth, but consists only of a hemispherical valley inner surface and a metal lining or metal effect imitation lining. color pattern.