JPS58174315A - Feed additive for promoting growth of animal and feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a feed additive having high safety and excellent effect to promote the growth of cattle, poultry, fish, etc. and to improve the feed efficiency, etc., by using trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium carboxylate as an essential component, and to provide a feed containing said feed additive. CONSTITUTION:The objective feed additive is composed of the compound of formula I (group of formula II is 6-24C fatty acid anion; R<1>-R<3> are lower alkyl; R<4>-R<7> are H or lower alkyl), especially trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium carboxylate. The additive is added to a raw material of feed in an amount of preferably 0.01-10wt%, especially about 0.02-5wt% to obtain the final product. The above compound is effective to promote the digestion and absorption of various nutrients of feed and improve its utilization efficiency, and accordingly, comparable or higher growth of animals can be achieved even by the use of a feed having lower nutrient level than the conventional feed. The feed additive has absolutely no safety problems.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a feed additive for promoting the growth of animals, and a feed containing the feed additive (hereinafter simply referred to as "feed additive").
Regarding "feed", "feed additives" and "feed" for short).For more details, please refer to the following:★ # Debutou trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl and ammonium carboxylate growth promotion of animals such as livestock, poultry, and fish) The present invention relates to a feed additive that has excellent effects such as improving feed efficiency, and feed containing the same.

In recent years, there has been a rapid shift in animal feed from conventional home-made feeds to compound feeds produced in modern factories that take into consideration the nutritional requirements, growth promotion, and health maintenance of animals. As a result, the proportion of compound feeding in total feed is now
The ratio of 'l- is an extremely positive value.

In addition to the main raw materials such as grains, oil cakes, refined sugars, fishmeal, and fats and oils, these compound feeds also contain nutrients for various purposes such as nutritional supplementation, nutritional enrichment, improved digestion and absorption, growth promotion, and disease prevention.
Additives such as amino acids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics, and synthetic antibacterial agents are generally used as auxiliary raw materials.

One of the biggest goals in livestock and poultry production, fish farming, etc. is to efficiently produce livestock and aquatic products in a shorter period of time and with less feed.

Conventionally, antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents have been mainly used to achieve this purpose, but the easy addition of antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents to feed hastened the emergence of resistant bacteria, and their residual This has become a problem as it may cause allergies or changes in intestinal bacteria in humans, and currently there are restrictions on the type, amount, and period of use of antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents.
It tends to shrink. In other words, the current situation is that the emergence of highly safe new feed additives or feeds that can improve the productivity of livestock and aquatic products without relying on antibiotics or synthetic antibacterial agents is eagerly awaited. It is.

In view of the current situation, the present inventors discovered that choline, which is one of the constituents of phospholipids, and fatty acids, which are constituents of fat,
Focusing on the fact that both have extremely high safety, and as a result of intensive studies, we have found that feed cooling agents consisting of trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylates, or feeds containing them, are used for livestock and poultry. The present invention has been completed based on the discovery that it exhibits excellent effects such as promoting the growth of various animals such as fish and improving feed efficiency.

That is, according to the present invention, (1) general formula % formula % () (in the formula, RCOO° is a fatty acid anion having 6 to 24 carbon atoms,
R1, R2 and R3 are lower alkyl groups, R゛, R5, R
6 and R7 represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) A feed additive for promoting animal growth, comprising a trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate. and (2) general formula % formula % () (in the formula, RCOO° is a fatty acid anion having 6 to 24 carbon atoms,
R1, R2 and R3 are lower alkyl groups, R4, R5, R
6 and R7 each represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group.

is provided.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

The animals targeted by the feed additive and feed of the present invention are:
Beef cattle, dairy cattle, calves, pigs, piglets, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, dogs, a few livestock; meat chickens, egg-laying hens, chicks, chicks, ducks, geese, turkeys, Poultry such as quail and small birds; eel, carp, sweetfish, trout, rainbow trout, yellowtail (yellowtail) 1. Typical examples include fish such as oysters, cod salmon, goldfish, colored carp, and tropical fish; shellfish and crustaceans; animals used for fur such as mink; and laboratory animals such as mice, rats, and hamsters.

The feed additive of the present invention and the trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium lactate used in the feed have the general formula % (%) (in the formula, RCOO0 is a fatty acid anion having 6 to 24 carbon atoms,
R', R2 and R3 are lower alkyl groups, R4, R5, R
6 and R7 represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) Formally, as is clear from the above general formula (I), (a) coli/or its homolog component and (b) It is a compound composed of fatty acid components.

(b) Therefore, the coli/or its homologue components constituting these trialkyl(2-hydroquinalkyl)ammonium carboxylates include choline, i.e., irilimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, 7G4 Ethyldimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)
Ammonium, diethylmethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, triethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, inglovirdimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, diisoglobilmethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)hydroxide ethyl)ammonium, triisopropyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, tri-n-propyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium hydroxide, hydroxide)-n-butyl(2-hydroxyethyl) ) ammonium, trimethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium hydroxide, ethyldimethyl hydroxide (
2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium, diethylmethyl(2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium hydroxide, triisopropyl(2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium hydroxide, tri-n-butyl(2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium hydroxide, trimethyl(2-hydroxypropyl) ammonium hydroxide -hydroxybutyl) ammonium, trimethyl(2-hydroxypentyl) ammonium hydroxide, trimethyl(2-hydroxypentyl) hydroxide,
A typical example is a quaternary ammonium salt such as 2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)ammonium. Among them, choline is a component of lecithin in soybeans and egg yolks, and is extremely safe.Moreover, it is mass-produced by organic synthesis, so it can be obtained at low cost, so it is most advantageously used in the present invention. These are the quaternary ammonium salts that can be used.

(b) On the other hand, as the fatty acid component constituting the trialkyg,v (2-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium carboxylate, a fatty acid having 6 to 24 carbon atoms is used.

These fatty acids may be either saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the carbon chain of the fatty acid is not inhibited by the IM chain type Vc, and may be a branched type.
A fatty acid having a Hou group may also be used. Note that the fatty acid is not necessarily limited to monobasic acids, and dibasic acids and the like may also be used.

Typical examples of these fatty acids include caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, 2-methyltetradeca/acid, 5
-Methyltetradeca/acid, 2,2-dimethyltetradecanoic acid, myristic acid, valmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, arachinoic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid,
Examples include oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, lylunic acid, su/nol ν, arachidonic acid, eicosapencitric acid, eruca tW, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1.20=eicosamethylenedicarboxylic acid, etc. It's a monkey.

In addition, it is not always necessary to use small pieces of choline, its homolog component, or fatty acid component, and it is also possible to use seven or more pieces together.

The trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium carboxylate expressed in the above general formula used in the present invention is obtained by combining the above-mentioned (i) choline or its homolog and (b) fatty acid under solvent-free conditions. It can be easily produced by a method in which a neutralization reaction is preferably carried out at room temperature or under heating conditions, preferably in the coexistence of water, an organic solvent, or the like. This can be expressed as a reaction equation as follows.

(R'R"R'NC(R")(R5)C(R')(R7
)O)()"'OH0+RCOOH→RCOO°[R"
R”R'NC(R'XR5)C(R')(R')OH,
l"' + H20 (II) Father, of course, a method for reacting weak acid salts such as carbonates and sulfites of choline or its homologues with fatty acids, a method for reacting trialkylamines, alkylene oxides and fatty acids, trialkyl It is also possible to produce by a method of reacting a fatty acid salt of an amine with an alkylene oxide.

In addition, choline or its analogues are often commercially available in the form of strong acid salts such as choline chloride or choline phosphate, to give an example of choline. A method may be used in which the salt is treated with an alkali, a basic anion exchange resin, etc. to liberate choline or a choline homolog, and then the salt is subjected to a neutralization reaction with a fatty acid.

However, in the method of carrying out the above neutralization reaction etc. using water as a solvent, the produced trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl)
Ammonium carboxylate solution, aqueous suspension,
It is particularly advantageous because it can be used for various purposes in the form of an aqueous paste or the like. However, even if water or an organic solvent is used, trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium rupooxylates can be prepared by using any method such as evaporation concentration or crystallization depending on the purpose. It's Ding Hui.

It should be noted that trialkyl ('2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate does not necessarily have to be prepared with MiT according to the above-mentioned method. Feed additives of the invention used in free form,
or trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) in the feed.
It is also possible to adopt a method of producing ammonium carboxylate, and even when such a method is used, it falls under the feed additive or feed of the present invention.

The trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium carboxylate used in the present invention does not necessarily have to be formed into a cylindrical structure.
When producing hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate, choline, its homologs, fatty acids, etc., which may remain or may remain unreacted, may be contained as long as they are highly safe. There are no particular problems.

In the feed additive of the present invention or contained in feed,
The amount of trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate varies depending on the type of animal to be treated, the age of the animal, the type of components other than trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate, and their blending ratio, etc. Usually 0.001 to 20% by weight of the feed that is finally fed to animals such as livestock, poultry, and fish.
Preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, most preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight.
Approximately 0.02 to 5% by weight is appropriate.

The usage of trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate is the lower limit of the above-mentioned frequency 111
If the amount is less than the upper limit, it will be difficult to fully exhibit the effects of the present invention, and even if it is used in an amount greater than the upper limit, no special effect will be exhibited and it will be uneconomical, so both are not preferred.

The feed additive of the present invention can be prepared by dissolving trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate in water to form an aqueous solution, aqueous suspension, etc. It is made by diluting it with a suitable diluent such as wheat flour, starch, dextrin, etc., grains used as feed raw materials, rice bran, oil cake, oils and fats. The detraining agent is usually added and mixed with feed and then fed to the animal, but it can also be diluted with water and fed in the form of drinking water.

In some cases, the trialkyl(2-hydroxylalkyl)ammonium carboxyide itself may be used as the feed additive.

The feed of the present invention includes feed raw materials, such as grains such as corn, wheat, barley, rye, rice, oats, and milo; brans such as rice bran, defatted rice bran, wheat bran, and wheat bran; dog bean oil cake, and rapeseed oil. Oil lees such as lees, cottonseed oil lees, and linseed oil lees; Fish; oils and fats such as fish solubles, skim milk, whey, petroleum protein, molasses, yellow grease, tallow, soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, and fish oil. It is prepared by directly blending the feed additive or trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate of the present invention with other feed materials widely used in the confectionery field.

Father, the feed of the present invention contains amino acids such as methionine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and glycino; vitamins such as vitamin A1, vitamin B1, vitamin C, vitamin D1, vitamin E1, and coli, nicotinic acid, and nicotinic acid. Minerals such as amide, salt, calcium, and phosphorus; enzymes such as protease, amylase, cellulase, and lipase; lecithin, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerin monofatty acid ester, sorbitan 1
1t't Fat rf Estenope polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty version ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sugar fatty acid nisten sodium, sodium succinate, sasocalino, saccharin sodium, sodium tartrate, 5-ribonucleotide sodium, etc. Flavoring agents: polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol and glycerin; sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, and lactitol sugar alcohols; glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose; It is also possible to optionally add polishing. In addition, in the case of the feed of the present invention, antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents whose main purpose is to promote growth and improve feed efficiency do not particularly need to be refrigerated; □ Kotomo h] It is north.

However, the compounding ratio of feed ingredients other than trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylates and additives for feed materials other than trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylates of the present invention is not subject to any particular limitation. can be selected as appropriate, but in general, the effects of the present invention tend to be most pronounced when the content of protein and fat in the feed ultimately fed to animals is low. In addition, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in using more fats and oils (fat sources) than before as an energy source for feed in order to reduce the amount of protein source used before fish meal as raw materials for feed. shows excellent effects even in such cases of low protein and high fat.

Furthermore, trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate Id has the effect of promoting the digestion and absorption of various nutrients in feed and improving its utilization efficiency, so it is more effective than conventional feed. Even in the case of nI+14+, which has a low nutritional level, it is possible to obtain growth results that are the same as or better than that of conventional rice feed.

The feed compound of the present invention and the feed are trialkyl (2
- The action of hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate improves the digestion and absorption of various nutrients in fat and protein in feed, thereby promoting the growth of livestock, fathers, and feeders, and improving feed efficiency. Demonstrate.

In addition, the @Shinahime machining and feed of the present invention provide preferable arrangements in terms of maintaining the health of livestock, animals, and animals before notification, increasing physical strength, etc.

In addition, when trimethyl (2-hydroyaethyl) ammonium carboxylate 1 is used as the trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate, in addition to the above effects, it has the same effects as choline chloride, choline phosphate, etc. It is the most ideal because it also has the reinforcing effect of choline.

Furthermore, since trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate has extremely high metallability, the feed additive or feed of the present invention has no problem in terms of metallability.

As described in detail above, the feed 65 additive and Ryoji feed of the present invention have both deplorable performance and poor addability, so they are of little value in terms of practical use.

As described above, the present invention was explained using Example 14/II and Comparative Example. In order to examine the Jll effect of (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate, we artificially reproduced the intestinal environment of animals in the inτ6tro system, and The decomposition rate of coconut oil or oleic acid triglyceride in the environment was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

The experimental conditions and analysis method are as follows.

8. Non-juice: The assay mixture having the above composition is incubated with shaking in a constant temperature bath at 37° C., and the fats and oils are dissolved in an intoxicant.

Decomposition method: Samples were taken at 2nd and 5th hours after the start of incubation, and after quantifying fatty acids produced by enzymatic decomposition of fats and oils using gas chromatography, the decomposition rate of fats and oils was calculated according to the following formula. calculate.

Decomposition rate of fats and oils (%) = Number of moles of fatty acids produced after incubation / Oil present before keybate + 1 = () monoreduction of (liglyceride) x 3 x 100' Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium Example 1 except J-, which does not use any carboxylate
The decomposition rate of coconut oil or oleic acid triglyceride was shown in the same manner as in 7. The results are shown in Table 1.
Examples 8 to 10 In order to investigate the effect of adding the trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate of the present invention on enzymatic degradation of proteins in the presence of oil and fat, in vitro experiments were conducted.
The intestinal environment of animals was artificially reproduced in the Y system, and the decomposition rate of milk casein in the coexistence of coconut oil was measured in this environment. The results are shown in Table 2. The experimental conditions and analysis method are as follows.

Experimental conditions: The assay mixture having the above iU2 composition is incubated in a constant temperature bath at 37°C for 5 hours with shaking to perform enzymatic decomposition of milk casein.

Analytical method: Incubation) MTJf's milk casein concentration was determined by the disturbance method, and the decomposition rate of milk casein was determined.

Example: 3 Practical Examples 8-1 except no trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl)ammonium carboxylate is used
The decomposition rate of milk casein was measured using a method similar to 0 and 10. The results are shown in Table 2.

Practical example 11 Using 120 first-year broiler chicks (60 between the sexes), they were divided into 4 groups of 30 chicks in each group (15 between the sexes), and each group was fed the indicated feed in the third coat. I had a weekly survey test. The results are listed in Table 4.

2nd I & (a) 1 Coarse fish EIj 23 X, 1ml1llt
lla 5~1 generation energy & 3006kgal/
kg (Ii) 2 + paddy per day ≧19%, Sotochimen ≧6 Kaidaishi energy ≧31001 cal/1 @ (wants) 1 So J @ example 2 and Sozen Kai 8, - same product as I9 .

(Note) 4. Same product as that used in Tribute Example 7 and Actual Situation-10.

(Pressure) 4 also trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl) a/
Monikumtalid.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) General formula % formula % () (in the formula, RCOO° is a fatty acid anion having 6 to 24 carbon atoms,
R1, R2 and R1 are lower alkyl groups, R4, R5, R
6 and R6 represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) A feed additive for promoting the growth of adult animals, comprising a trialkyl(2-hydroxyalkyl)ammonyl group carboxylate. (2) The feed additive for promoting animal growth according to claim 1, wherein the realkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate is trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium carboxylate. (3) General formula % Formula % (1) (In the formula, RC000 is a fatty acid anion having 6 to 24 carbon atoms,
R1, R2 and R3 are lower alkyl groups, R4, R', R
6 and R7 represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) A feed comprising trialkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate. (4) ) IJ The feed according to claim 3, wherein the furkyl (2-hydroxyalkyl) ammonium carboxylate is trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium carboxylate.