JPS58146401A - Rotary film evaporator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to heat transfer devices, in particular rotary film evaporators. Chemical, petrochemical,
It can be widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It can also be used as an evaporator in vacuum fractionation columns and in rounding to carry out rapid liquid phase exothermic chemical reactions.

One advantage of rotating film evaporators is that they provide "soft" conditions for carrying out distillation, condensation and evaporation. Such conditions can avoid decomposition and coalescence of materials during processing, especially thermally unstable materials. The aforementioned treatment occurs within the film, thereby ensuring good mixing of the liquids. That is, there is no hydrostatic pressure φ that allows the initial material to be processed under vacuum, in other words at reduced temperatures within the device.

Compared to other wrinkle evaporators, the retention time of the material in these devices is relatively short (approximately on the order of seconds), which minimizes the exposure of the material to heat. be able to.

Rotary film evaporators therefore feature a combination of several advantages, such as active heat transfer and short retention times of the substances processed in the device.

There are some rotary film evaporators in which the liquid film on the surface of the heating body 4 is created by the blades of a rotor, which are rigidly attached to the drive shaft and placed at a distance of 1 to 2 feet from the housing. Are known. Because of their structural width and the techniques used in their construction, assembly and operation, and because of the small gap between the housing cage and the rotor blades, these equipment manufacturers have some limitations.
It has a heat transfer surface. They are also very sensitive to heat and liquid overload. In addition, processing viscous products necessitates a sudden increase in the retention time of such products.

U-turn fill evaporators are also known in which the liquid film is formed by rotor blades which are swingably mounted on the drive shaft and adapted to slidably engage the walls of the housing. This device also failed to alleviate the major drawbacks of the previously described structure. Moreover, the direct contact of the blades with the heat transfer surface, apart from these two undesirable wears, entails contamination of the product being processed. If we provide a vane that frictionally engages with the housing,
It is necessary to completely machine and polish the surface. This further requires that the rotor blades be formed from a wear-resistant material with high anti-friction properties. In this device, a uniform film thickness of 1 m is required.
On the one hand, it depends on the physical properties of the liquid, but on the other hand, it depends on the rotational speed of the rotor, the weight of the blades, the degree of accuracy with which the blades match the heat transfer surface and the rotor's Depends on other structural properties. Therefore, the suitable action is achieved within a relatively narrow range of pressure exerted on the liquid by the vanes.
An increase in the IIk suitable pressure value will result in the vane tending to expose the heat transfer surface or remove the film from that surface, so that at below normal pressures liquid will flow down the nozzle.

The problem of increasing heat transfer*oii can be solved by simplifying the structure,
The problems of ease of manufacture and operation, as well as problems of operation, have been solved to a large extent in a rotary film evaporator of very similar construction, constructed as follows. That is, it consists of a vertical housing provided with a jacket on its heat transfer surface, a rotor made of a hollow corrugated drum mounted on the shaft and having a distribution ring on its upper part, and a passage through which the liquid passes. It consists of a hole in the corrugated protrusion of the nodame. A centrifugal separator is further provided, which is of the internal configuration of the zero device located below each drum and fixed to the rotor shaft.

Liquid film 1 is made within this #cwt without using any mixing means. That is, the liquid is distributed under the action of centrifugal force through holes arranged in a corrugated drum along the heat transfer surface of the housing.

The main disadvantage of the above-mentioned device is that it has a limited ability to handle materials containing solid components such as viscous materials and catalysts, which flow down the heat transfer surface. This is mostly due to the fact that the movement of the liquid film is limited by an annular collector placed under each drum inside the device and multiple overflow chutes for passing the liquid from the upper compartment to the lower compartment. In the case of zero toughness, it is when processing viscous materials, the movement and fluidity of the liquid film is limited. Therefore, when an annular collector is installed in which the base paper is actually a support ring, the lack of fluidity becomes even more pronounced. The motion or flow rate of the film slows down, while its thickness and retention time at the hot plate 11 increases.

In the second case, solid components (particles) tend to separate from the liquid being processed in the bulk collector and immediately impede the movement of the liquid, rendering the fruiting apparatus inoperative.

Another drawback is that it is extremely difficult to handle highly viscous materials in the device.

This is because the liquid film flows along the heat transfer surface solely under the influence of gravity, which counterbalances the molecular attraction within the highly viscous product. This narrows the scope of application of the device described above.

Another costly disadvantage is that at a given retention time of the material being processed in the device, which essentially depends on its physical properties, an increase in viscosity results in a decrease in the retention time of the material in the device. resulting in a rapid increase, inevitably accompanied by a decrease in heat transfer efficiency and considerable decomposition of the material.

Furthermore, the heat transfer surface is not sufficiently swept by the liquid jets emitted from the drum holes. Therefore, handling of liquids, especially highly viscous liquids and liquids containing solids, will cause a complete shutdown of the equipment. The other main disadvantage is that the separated vapors flow inside the drum and down the surface of the drum. the fact that they tend to come into contact with contaminated liquids, resulting in considerable entrainment of liquids and contamination of the longitudinal liquids.

The present invention therefore aims to obviate the aforementioned drawbacks in conventional devices.

This can be achieved by: That is, a button made of a plurality of compartments containing a heating jacket, each compartment equipped with corrugated protrusions, and fixed to a shaft having a round hole. In a rotating film S generator VC consisting of a housing, a distribution ring fixed to the upper end of the drum, and a separator placed between each drum, according to the invention the evaporator section is separated from the upper stage. The base portion of the section is arranged in a stepwise manner so as to overlie the internal distribution ring of the drum of the stage below.

Preferably, the corrugated drum is in the shape of a truncated cone and is supported at the threshold by a longitudinally corrugated plate and a nine-W shaped deflector placed necessarily on the plate's threshold. The protrusions of the baffle plate are placed inside the cavities of the protrusions in the shape of the edge 1 of the plate.

One embodiment of the present invention provides an arrangement of inertial separators inside a low-temperature drum.

Such an evaporator arrangement allows the liquid to flow over the heat transfer surface at 5! The proposed invention is based on the wave nature of a liquid film flowing down a heat transfer surface. The purpose is to increase heat transfer, thereby causing active heat transfer. This is accomplished by arranging the sections of the device in stages and by placing the base of each upper housing stage below the distribution ring within the drum of the lower housing stage. achieved. In this arrangement, the liquid film flows freely along the heat transfer surface,
It then proceeds from the base J& portion of each section of the upper housing tier to the distribution ring of the drum of the lower housing tier where the cycle is repeated. The liquid is therefore not stopped in the annular collector and flows out of the pan, so that the running speed is increased and a more active heat transfer takes place.

Additionally, the device provides forced movement of the liquid film and controlled retention time of the liquid therein. Further optional with a truncated conical drum.

One variation of the device will be described later.

Another advantage of the proposed device is the simplicity of its construction. This is because there is no need to use an annular collector or overflow pan.

In a variant that provides a forced left-handed movement of the liquid film and a controlled retention time of the product to be treated, the corrugated drum is frustoconical in shape, allowing for the treatment of highly viscous substances and for the interior of the apparatus. can control the retention time of the substance and ensure self-cleaning of the heat transfer surface.

This is achieved by a centrifugal force, or more precisely, a component of the centrifugal force directed upwards along the generatrix of the cone of the drum, which forms the inner surface of the corrugations of the drum of the device and the inner surface of the housing. ! There will be a forced movement of the liquid along the heat transfer surfaces of the r stages.

By increasing the rotational speed of the rotor, the kinetic energy of the liquid jet will carry and treat more viscous materials.

By varying the rotational speed of the rotor, it is possible to control the rate of advancement of the liquid and thus the retention time of the product being processed within the device. Furthermore, by forcing the film to move and disturbing it with the flow of liquid discharged from the drum, it is possible to self-clean or wash the heat transfer surface of the device.

A more complete separation of the steam flow entering the interior of the drum is achieved by using longitudinally corrugated and spaced plates and plates whose protrusions are housed in the cavities of the end corrugated protrusions of the plates. This is ensured by a drum formed from a W-shaped baffle plate located approximately in the middle of the .

The steam flow changes direction several times while passing through the space between the inner surface of the drum corrugation and the outer surface of the W-shaped plate. These two factors, which are much lower than in the case of the device, facilitate the separation and perfect the circular use of the separated liquid which is discharged from the projections of the baffle plate onto the inner surface of the drum corrugation.

Preferably, the inertial separator is located inside the lower drum. It is necessary to provide a separator because the separated steam easily comes into contact with the material being treated at the entrance to the interior of the drum. This will cause This characterizes high efficiency. This is because the separation takes place by many changes in the direction of the vapor under the action of centrifugal force, without secondary entrainment of liquid.
. The separated liquid is collected equidistantly on the surface of the sheet in transverse saw-tooth incisions that occur with each turn of the stream of vapor in the jet state, and under the action of centrifugal force in the corrugations of the drum. Thrown onto internal surfaces.

The present invention makes the heat transfer process more active and can treat both solid-containing materials and viscous materials.

; the retention time of the fCi-embedded material can be significantly reduced and controlled.

-Additionally, the structure of the device provides a self-cleaning effect on the surface of the heating element. It simplifies the assembly and operation of the evaporator. With the device of the invention, a strict separation of the end products and an improved product availability are ensured.

Other objectives and interest rates will become fully clear from the brief description of the accompanying drawings.

In FIG. 1, the compartments 2.2 are arranged one after the other and each provided with a heating steam jacket 3, 3a and 3b.
A rotary film evaporator is shown including a housing l consisting of parts a and 2b. Tube connections 4, 5 and 6 are for feeding the initial product, discharging the dross (or cloudy solution) and removing secondary vapors, respectively. Inside the housing 1 there is supported a rotor 8 coaxially mounted on a shaft 7 in the sections 2, 2a and 2b, which rotor 8 directs the liquid product to each of the stages 12.12a and 12b of the housing 1. It is adapted to support corrugated drums 9.9a and 9b with rounded holes 10 (FIGS. 3.4 and 5) discharging into heat transfer surfaces 11, 11m and 11b. With its upper part, the drum 9 is connected to the distribution ring 1 of the plate 14.
3 and by its lower part to the ring 15 of the hub 16 which is firmly attached to the shaft 7. The lower drums 9a and 9b are fixed by their ends to hubs 17.17m and 18.18m which are rigidly attached to the shaft 7. More specifically, the drums 9a and 9b are connected to the rings 19 of the upper and lower hubs 17.17m and 18.18m.
．． It is fixed at 19a and 20, 20m. drum 9.9
a and 9b are fixed to the distribution rings 13.19 and 19m and are connected to the rings 15.a and 9b by means of rims and screws (not shown).
Fixed at 20 and 20m. Drums 9.9a and 9b
are corrugated in the longitudinal direction to separate the liquid carried to the surface into separate streams. The other flows are the heat transfer surfaces 11, l1m and l1m of each stage of the housing 1.
1bK flows eastwards and downwards along the 1111 surface circle in the corrugated protrusion 21 (FIGS. 2 and 4) with holes 10 for discharging the liquid.

The dish 14 is for evenly distributing the liquid on the inner surface of the corrugated projections 21 of the upper drum 90.

That is, the dish 14 has a recess in the shape of the cylindrical container 22, the edge of which is shown as a concentric #113 whose inner diameter is necessarily smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical container, and whose jll
13 is a wave-shaped depression 23 (
It is adapted to be in contact with the i# surface in Fig. 2).

Distribution rings 19 and 19a of the upper hubs 17 and 17m are used to achieve a uniform distribution of the liquid on the inner surfaces if+4c of the projections 21 of the drums 9a and 9b. The rings 19 and 19m corrugate the drums 9a and 9b near their outer circumferences, whereas the inner circumferences of the rings 19 and 19m are provided with collars 24 and 24m, respectively, which allow the liquid to flow into the drums 9a and 9a. and 9b.

According to one form of the invention, the sections 2.2a and 2b of the rotary film evaporator are assembled in a stepwise manner. The upper stage 120 section 20 base part 25 is located inside the underlying drum 9a, above the distribution ring 19 fixed in the upper part of the corrugated six-digit hollow drum 9a, while the lower The base part 251 of the compartment 2 & of the stage 12a is the distribution ring 1 fixed in the upper part of the corrugated hollow drum 9b.
9m above and inside the lower drum 9b. Such an arrangement allows the liquid to be treated to flow freely downwardly along the heat transfer surface of the upper stage of the apparatus over the distribution ring of each underlying hollow drum. Steps 12 and 12
The base parts 25 and 25m of the compartments 2 and 2a of 1 are provided with serrated incisions to ensure uniform distribution of the liquid. To separate the flows, the drums (Figs. 3.4 and 5) are formed from vertically positioned and separated curved and longitudinally corrugated flange plates 26 with gaps 27 between them. Ru. A W-shaped baffle plate 28 facing the gap 27 is necessarily arranged in the direction of Ith. Deflector plate 2B is between! s27, and the protrusion 29 of the baffle plate 28 is located within the location 30 of the external corrugation of the plate 26 in contact with it. drum 9
, is rounded to reduce the loss of its kinetic energy when changing its direction of travel from flat to vertically downward. Rounded and corrugated protrusions 21 which give the liquid the necessary direction of movement in order for the liquid to be discharged softly from the holes 10 of the drums 9.9a and 9b onto the heat transfer surfaces 11, l1m and llb.
The edge 32 of the hole 10 (Figs. 3.4 and 5) is bent outward. According to another embodiment of the invention, in order to prevent the entrainment of liquid caused by the vapor flow and the contact with the liquid flowing down the inner surface of the corrugated drums 9.9a and 9b, the lower drum 9b Inside, there are thin plates 34 in the shape of letters arranged vertically and parallel to each other at intervals.
An inertial separator 33 in the form of a bundle of
and Fig. 2).

The operation of the evaporator according to the invention is as follows.

The starting product is fed into the cylindrical container 22 through the inlet tube 4 (FIG. 1). The rotation of the rotor 8 lifts the liquid along the walls of the container under the action of centrifugal force, thereby forming concentric vertical layers. The liquid therefore tends to overflow over its inner edge all around the circumference of the concentric ring 13, forming an evenly spread thin fill platform above it.

On reaching the outer rounded edge 31, the liquid changes its direction of travel from horizontal to vertically downward and is thrown away from the annulus 13 onto the inner surface of the corrugated protrusion 21 of the drum 90 without losing much of its kinetic energy. It will be done.

In the drum 9, the liquid is divided into several streams flowing below the separate trays. The liquid flow reaches the holes 10 (FIGS. 3 and 5) arranged at different heights in the corrugated projections 21 of the drum 9 and after death leaks out through the holes 10 and reaches the heating body t1 of the housing 10 stage 12 [ ixi and forms a descending turbulent 7't film. Part of the liquid tends to evaporate from the heat transfer surface 11, while the remaining liquid is transferred to the sawn 91m-shaped substrate 25 onto the distribution ring fixed to the upper part of the underlying drum 9a. flows uniformly around the Then, during the action of centrifugal force, the liquid flows onto the inner surface of the protrusion 21 of the drum 9a onto the ring 19.
The throw is released away from , and the cycle repeats nine times. The cloudy solution or dross is drawn off through the tube connection 5, while the stream formed as a result of the evaporation of the liquid flows through the barrier 112.
7 and into the interior of the drums 9.9a and 9b, several times on the travel path within the barrier between the longitudinally corrugated plate 26 and the deflector plate 28. Make a conversion. The protrusion 29t of the baffle plate 28 is placed into the hollow Pjr30 of the end corrugation of the adjacent plate 26 and is thereby separated. The separated liquid exerted by centrifugal force moves away from the baffle plate 280 protrusion 29 and into the drums 9.9a and 9.
Throwing tends to be directed toward the inner surface of the corrugated protrusion 21 of b.

Part of the flow is on drums 9 and 9& the same (9m and 9b
passes through the end of the drum 9, turns 270°, and connects the inner surface of the lower part of the drums 9 and 9a with the collar 24.
tend to separate in an annular gap between the outer surface and the outer surface of 24 m. The cloudy liquid flows from rings 15 and 20 to drum 9.
and is released onto the inner surface of the corrugated protrusion 21 of 9a. The final separation of the steam flow is accomplished by redirecting the steam flow several times in the gap between the cross-shaped thin plates 34 at the exit from the interior of the lower dome 9b in the inertial separator 33. This is done by The liquid thus separated is thrown away from the surface of the thin plate 34 and onto the six inner sides of the drum 9b.

Referring to FIG. 6, in this case the corrugated drum 35
．． A variant of the evaporator is shown in which 35a and 35b have the shape of a truncated cone and the housing section is necessarily cylindrical. In this variant, the centrifugal force (rather the component of the centrifugal force directed downwards along the generatrix of the cone) is applied along the inner surface of the drums 35.35m and 35b (1) and in the corresponding sections. 2, 21 and 2b heating body achievement th
111.11& and llb is used to impart downward motion to the liquid.

Said embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention can be used for the treatment of extremely aggressive (thermally unstable) substances of said average viscosity as well as products of low viscosity that require a minimum heating time. It can also be used to perform liquid phase chemical reactions that require controlling the retention time of the reactants within the device.

Another preferred embodiment of the evaporator according to the invention is illustrated in FIG.
Both drums 35.35m and 35b, which are provided with grooves 7b and corrugated with a nine-inch housing 1, and sections 36, 36m and 36b are truncated conical. This variant also uses centrifugal force to impart motion to the liquid being treated.

Furthermore, the section di of the housing l used in this modification is
The frustoconical shape of 36.36 m and 36b allows the material to be processed to be forced downwardly along the heat transfer surface because the quasi-body flow loses less of its kinetic energy when it comes into contact with the heat transfer surface. Provide suitable conditions for moths that provide exercise. This variant is therefore versatile and can be used to treat a wide range of materials characterized by different thermal and physical properties.

The evaporator variants for the ag6 and 7 figures are capable of providing forced movement of the liquid film as well as controlling the retention time of the substance being processed within the device.

This is further accompanied by a self-cleaning or bleaching effect on the heat transfer surfaces.

An increase in the rotational speed of the rotor has the effect that the kinetic energy of the liquid flow imparts a stronger motion to the viscous material, thereby making it more active.

By varying the revolutions per minute of the rotor, it is possible to control the rate of advance of the liquid and the retention time of the product being processed within the apparatus.

Additionally, the heat transfer surfaces of the device can be self-cleaned by forcing the film to move and disturbing it by the flow of liquid emitted from the drum.

8.9 and Figures 8.9 and 8.9, various variations of a corrugated drum for distributing liquid in a rotating film evaporator are shown, such that the drum can be used when high separation capacities are not required. ing. For example, these variants may be desirable for use as evaporators or distillers in vacuum fractionation columns when condensing initial products or in other processes.

In the JIs diagram, a hollow drum made from separately bent, longitudinally corrugated round plates 26 is shown, arranged vertically and with gaps 38 between them. The plow threshold is arranged such that the corrugated edges of the plates 26 abutting the iIII are offset to prevent direct passage of steam into the drum.

FIG. 9 shows a shape with separated corrugations or teeth arranged vertically and with gaps 38 so that the edges of adjacent corrugations are offset to prevent direct passage of steam into the interior of the drum. shows a hollow drum with a defined corrugation.

Another variation of the corrugated hollow drum is shown in FIG. This drum is formed by elements 40 of semicircular cross section. The elements are vertically arranged and offset relative to each other to form a gap 38 and prevent steam flow directly into the interior of the drum.

Figures 8.9 and 10 do not show the holes in the corrugated projections of the drum.

In FIG. 11, another variant of the hollow drum formed by a one-piece corrugation is shown. The corrugated projection of the drum is provided with holes 10 having a folded upper edge 32 to facilitate the escape of liquid to the heat transfer surface of the device. The corrugated recess 23 is provided with nine holes 41 arranged in white over the entire height of the drum;
Each hole 41 has a folded upper edge that meets to prevent direct passage of steam into the interior of the rotor.

Considering the above, the proposed evaporator structure can significantly enhance the heat transfer within the device and expand the application range of the evaporator.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a rotary film evaporator according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view cut on the layer T of the at diagram, and Figure #13 is a cross-sectional view of the drum with an i-shape attached. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11/-11 in Figure 3, Figure 1m5 is an enlarged view of section 1iiA in Figure 1, and Figure J116 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11/-11 in Figure 3. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal view of a modified example of a rotating film evaporator characterized by a truncated conical drum, and FIG.
8.9 and 10 show various variants of a corrugated drum, and FIG. , a longitudinal section through a portion of the drum with a deformed corrugation; 2.2a and 2b...section, 25 and 25m...base part, 1...housing, 12.12m and 12b
-! lj, 13.19 and 19 m-distribution ring, 9.9m
. 9 b ... drum, 35.35 m and 35 b -
...Truncated conical drum, 26...plate, 27...gap between the plates, ? 8... Deflector plate, 30... Cavity of corrugated protrusion, 33... Inertial separator. Patent applicant agent Patent attorney Fumi Sato Male <11 or 1
name) f112 fEI flEll Po Continued from page 1 0 Inventor Vladimir Kazimirovitsch
Chubukov Soviet Union Moscow Komsomolsky Prospekt 41 Kwarchila 97 ■Applicant Vitaly Rafaelya Luchinsky Soviet Union Moscow Uritsa Marikina 14 Korpus 1 Kwarchila 63 ■Applicant Viktor Markovych Olevskiy Soviet Union Moscow Leningradsky Prospekt 75 Ei Kwarchila 91 ■Applicant Vladimir Kazimirovitsch
Chubukov Soviet Union Moscow Komsomolsky Prospekt 41 Kwarchila 97

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The JA thermal jacket (3, 3m, 3b) is my λ,
Each compartment (2, 2m, 2b) houses a corrugated drum (9, 9m, 9b) fixed to an axle (7) with holes (10) arranged in corrugated projections (2]) Multiple wards
Vertical housing (1) made from (2, 2a, 2b)
, distribution 3 fixed to the upper end of the drum (9,9m, 9b)
1 (13, 19, 19m), and between each drum (9,
In a rotating film evaporator consisting of a separator placed at 9m-1 and 9m, 9b), the evaporator section (2,2m)
is each section (2,2m) of the upper step (12,12a)
Distribution II (19, 19a) inside the drum (9, 9m) of the stage (12m, 12b) under the base part (25) of the
A rotary film evaporator characterized in that it is arranged in a stepwise manner so as to be located above the rotary film evaporator. 2. The evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the corrugated drum (35, 35a135b) has a truncated conical shape. 3. Drum (9.9m, 9b and 35.35a13
5b) is made from a vertically corrugated plate (26) supported by a guide (27)i between them and a W-shaped deflector plate (28) necessarily placed between the plates (26). The protrusion of the baffle plate (28) is connected to the corrugated protrusion (21) at the end of the plate (26).
The evaporator 04 according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is arranged inside the cavity of the lower drum (9b, 35b), houses an inertial separator (33). The evaporator 0 according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that