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JPH1170123A - 改良された電気外科止血法および電気外科装置 - Google Patents

改良された電気外科止血法および電気外科装置

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Publication number
JPH1170123A
JPH1170123A JP10148369A JP14836998A JPH1170123A JP H1170123 A JPH1170123 A JP H1170123A JP 10148369 A JP10148369 A JP 10148369A JP 14836998 A JP14836998 A JP 14836998A JP H1170123 A JPH1170123 A JP H1170123A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tissue
electrodes
pole
end effector
interconnect
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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JP10148369A
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English (en)
Inventor
David C Yates
デイビッド・シー・イェイツ
James W Voegele
ジェイムズ・ダブリュ・ベージェル
Jesse Kuhns
ジェス・クーンズ
Anil Nalagatla
アニル・ナラガトラ
Iv Warren P Williamson
ウォーレン・ピー・ウィリアムソン・ザ・フォース
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc filed Critical Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
Publication of JPH1170123A publication Critical patent/JPH1170123A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B18/1445Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
    • A61B18/1447Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod wherein sliding surfaces cause opening/closing of the end effectors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1402Probes for open surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00773Sensed parameters
    • A61B2018/00875Resistance or impedance
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/032Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety pressure limiting, e.g. hydrostatic

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 【課題】 組織を破ることなく血液などの凝固を行なう
ことができ、種々の止血用途に適用することができる改
良された電気外科止血法および電気外科装置を提供す
る。 【解決手段】 特に内視鏡的手術の実施の際に、様々な
インピーダンス、厚さ、脈管分布の組織を焼灼および/
又は融合するための電気外科装置を提供する。この装置
は1つの相互接続面に配置された二極エネルギーソース
の1極と、所定範囲で圧力をかける第2相互接続面との
間で組織を圧縮する。第2極は2つの相互接続面の一方
に配置される。好ましい実施形態では、第1極と絶縁体
が2極を電気的に分離するので第2極は同じ相互接続面
に配置される。本発明の好ましい用途は止血ラインがR
Fエネルギーを使用してカットラインに沿って形成され
る切断装置である。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、外科手術手順、特
に内視鏡的手技の実施において焼灼、凝集および/又は
組織結合のための改良された電気外科装置および方法に
関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】組織
切断(切開)に要する外科手術(以下、単に手術とい
う)は切断部位で出血を起こす。過剰血液ロスのため、
血液外科医が出血調節の手段とる前に、多くの手術を実
施するのは全く困難であった。止血は内視鏡的手術や腹
腔鏡手術で非常に重要であり、その場合、出血が調節の
下で維持されなければ、腹腔鏡の使用を断念しなければ
ならず、アクセスできない出血を調節できるように患者
の体を切開して開放手術を行なわなければならない。
【0003】従って、電気焼灼技術と他の熱発生技術と
同様に、例えば、縫合、血管へのクリップ留め、ステー
プル留めなどの様々な技術を適用して種々の程度で出血
を調節している。組織接合、組織の修復、傷の閉塞にお
ける進歩により以前不可能で非常に危険な手術も可能に
した。
【0004】初めは縫合が、止血を行ない組織を接合す
るための主な手段の一つであった。他の止血手段と組織
修復手段を導入する前に、外科医は患者の背中の組織を
縫い合わせるのに非常に多くの時間をかけなければなら
なかった。
【0005】特に高度な脈管分布を有する組織を切る際
に、血管を塞ぐ手段として手術クリップを導入した。し
かし、手術クリップはある手順でやっかいな場合があ
る。すなわち、血管を同定しなければならない。次に、
各同定された血管の予定切断部の両側でクリップを個々
に留めなければならない。また特に血管が脂肪質組織で
囲まれている場合、幾つかの血管を見つけるのが困難で
もある。
【0006】手術ステープラーは、組織を固定するのに
かかる時間を短縮するのに効果的であった。様々なタイ
プの手術ステープラーがある。ステープラーは組織の接
合や組織の切断に関連して止血を行なうために使用され
ている。そのような装置には例えば直線あるいは円形切
断およびステープル留め装置がある。直線カッターは平
行なステープル列を有し、ステープルにはその列間を切
断手段が走行するスロットが付いている。このタイプの
手術ステープラーは、切断を改善するために組織を固定
し、組織の複数の層を接合し、切断手段が平行な列間で
切ると、周囲の組織の層にステープルの平行列を付けて
止血を行なう。これらのタイプの切断装置とステープル
留め装置は、筋肉あるいは腸のような肉質組織に関係す
る手術、特に腸の切除手術でうまく使用されている。円
形切断装置と円形ステープル留め装置は、内腔を再結合
する例えば吻合手術でうまく使用されている。しかしな
がら、切断装置とステープル留め装置についての成果は
最高というわけにはならず、その手術では腸間膜や付属
器のような高度の脈管分布組織を切断する工程を必要と
し、止血問題を起こす傾向にある。
【0007】電気焼灼装置は止血を行なうために同様に
使用されている。単極装置は切断あるいは焼灼装置と関
連した1個の電極と通常外部から患者に取り付けられた
1個の遠隔リターン電極を利用する。ごく最近、二極
(バイポーラー)装置は、焼灼電流がその装置の2個の
電極間の組織に通常限定されるために使用されている。
【0008】二極鉗子は様々な手術で切断および/又は
凝固に使用されている。例えば二極鉗子はファロピーオ
管を密封する滅菌手術で使用されている。二極鉗子は2
極間で組織をつかみ、そのつかんだ組織に電流を流す。
しかしながら二極鉗子は、組織が薄いと2極間に電流に
よりアークが発生し、また鉗子の極が接触すると鉗子が
短絡する傾向がある欠点を備えている。凝固のために鉗
子を使用することは非常に技術を要し、組織の広い領域
を同時に焼灼するためにその鉗子を適用することができ
ない。
【0009】2個のハサミのブレード(刃)が絶縁シヤ
ー面を有する2個の電極として作用する二極ハサミが開
示されている。この装置は、凝固用電流を電流通路の組
織に送ると機械的に組織を切る。二極ハサミもその使用
の際には高度の技術を要する。
【0010】米国特許第5,403,312号に記載し
た装置のような先行装置では、例えば切開の両側のよう
な凝固領域を作るために電気外科エネルギーを生物組織
に送り、切開部から血液や他の体液が漏れないようにす
る。そのような装置では凝固の領域に過剰な圧力を加え
ることによりジョー(あご部)でつかんだ組織をあまり
に強く圧縮すれば、末端効果器でつかんだ組織が破れた
り潰される。あまり小さな圧力を凝固の領域にかけるた
め組織を十分に圧縮しなければ、流体(例えば血液)が
その凝固領域に留まるために凝固領域の組織効果的にあ
るいは均一に焼灼されない。先行技術装置では、最適な
凝固を得るために外科医は触ってフィードバックし、目
で手がかりを見つけて凝固領域に加える圧力を加減して
いた。効果器あるいは組織により凝固領域が一部あるい
は完全に不明瞭で、そのために外科医が見えない装置で
は、適切な凝固を確保するために適切な圧力が末端効果
器で加えられているかを外科医が確かめることは特に困
難である。従って、電気外科エネルギーを凝固領域の組
織にかける前に、末端効果器で加える圧力を外科医が調
節する必要がない電気装置を開発することは有利であろ
う。さらに凝固の前に組織にかかる圧力を所定の範囲内
に納める装置を設計することは有利であろう。
【0011】末端効果器のジョーで組織にかける圧力を
変える知られた方法の一つが、つかまれている組織によ
るジョー間のギャップ(間隔)を変えることである。し
かしながら、そのような装置はつかまえられている組織
により種々の装置、種々の末端効果器あるいは種々のス
テープルカートリッジの使用を必要とするだろう。従っ
て、末端効果器でかける圧力がつかまれている組織の厚
さや構成で変わる装置を設計することは有利であろう。
【0012】米国特許第5,597,107号に記載さ
れたような非電気外科エンドカッターは比較的硬い低い
ジョー部材を使用する。そのジョー部材は、ステープル
を上に形成するアンビルとして機能するよりフレキシブ
ルな上部材と関連するステープルカートリッジを備えて
いる。そのような装置ではアンビルはサイズ、材料、他
の設計項目の限度範囲内でできるだけ硬くなるように製
造するのが一般的であり、そのようなアンビルのばね率
は例えば1インチにつき350−450ポンドの範囲で
よい。装置を発射させると硬いアンビルにより、ステー
プルが適切にできるように補助される。ギャップスペー
スピンを備えた従来のステープラーの組織圧縮力に関し
てばね率をギャップピンと共に使用してステープルカー
トリッジとアンビルの間に最小のギャップを作り、維持
し、それにより形成されたステープルの高さを設定す
る。従って、ギャップスペースピンを備えた従来のステ
ープル留め装置の設計者はばらつきのないステープルを
形成するためにばらつきのないギャップを備えた単純な
ビームの形成に主に興味を持つ。他の設計では、ギャッ
プピンは使用されず、アンビルは、組織の形成を容易に
するために十分な硬さで設計される。従って、アンビル
のばね率がステープルの形成に十分硬く、一方で組織の
適切な焼灼を容易にする範囲の圧力をかける電気外科装
置を設計することは有利であろう。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の目的は、多数の
タイプや厚さの組織、例えば肉あるいは脈管組織領域、
および高低あるいはそれを組み合わせたインピーダンス
の組織での改良された止血を十分にできる範囲に圧力を
かけることができる止血電気外科装置を提供することで
ある。止血は本明細書では、凝固、焼灼および/又は組
織接合あるいは融合による方法を含む出血を止めること
を一般的に意味するように使用されている。
【0014】本発明の他の目的は、切断路に沿った組織
の融合あるいは焼灼のための電気焼灼手段を備えた改良
された切断、ステープル留め装置を提供することであ
り、この装置は組織を切断する前に止血を改良するため
に、組織をつかみ所定範囲で圧力をかけるように適合さ
れている。
【0015】本発明のこれらの目的や他の目的は、間に
組織をはさむためのジョーに関連する対向相互接続面を
備えた末端効果器と、1面あるいは対向両面に配置され
た2個の電気的に反対の極(ポール)を有する電気外科
装置に記載する。その極は互いに絶縁材料で絶縁されて
おり、あるいは複数極が対向する相互接続面にある場
合、その極が互いに相互接続面で直接対向しないように
互いにオフセットされる。特に、本発明による電気外科
装置は1インチ当たり約200ポンドないし1インチ当
たり約600ポンドの範囲のばね率を有する実質的にフ
レキシブルな上ジョーを備える。さらに詳細には、上ジ
ョーのばね率は約1インチ当たり275ポンドである。
【0016】好ましい実施形態の電気外科装置は、第1
相互接続(インタフェース)面と第2インタフェース面
間の圧縮ゾーンで組織を所定範囲のある圧力に押し付
け、その圧縮ゾーンを介して電気エネルギーを供給す
る。第1相互接続面は、圧縮ゾーンで圧縮面と相互接続
する二極エネルギーソースの第1極と、第1極と電気的
に絶縁し同一あるいは反対側の相互接続面に配置された
第2極からなる。電気的に絶縁された極は、末端効果器
の絶縁材料により互いに絶縁されまた対向面で互いにオ
フセットされた電極を意味するように本明細書で定義す
る。
【0017】好ましい実施形態では、圧縮ゾーンは、他
方の相互接続面に組織を押し付ける一方の相互接続面の
圧縮リッジで構成される領域である。また両方の相互接
続面に圧縮リッジがある。凝固ゾーンは第1極、第2
極、第1極と第2極を絶縁する絶縁体で構成される。一
方の相互接続面に配置された第2極は、同じ相互接続面
の絶縁体に隣接するか、対向面に向かい合っているのが
普通である。この配置により2極が電気的に絶縁され、
第1極と第2極間の電流路が望ましい組織の領域を通
る。
【0018】組織圧縮は、インピーダンスに差をつける
組織の構造的な差を減らすことによって組織インピーダ
ンスをならすと考えられる。圧縮によりかなりの血液流
が止まり、血液を押し出し、特に血管を通して流れる場
合、ヒートシンクとして作用する。従って、エネルギー
の分配速度を、血液流によるエネルギーの消失速度より
増大させることによりエネルギーの組織への分配速度を
一部最適にする。極を作る電極の配置は、2個の極間に
流れる電流が圧縮ゾーンを通るようにするため重要であ
る。また装置の反対極を互いに絶縁あるいは分離すると
装置極が短絡もせず、二極装置で共通の電気アークも起
こさず組織圧縮が可能となる。
【0019】本発明の実施の一形態では、圧縮ゾーンで
組織に初めに供給される圧力は1平方インチ当たり約3
0ポンド(psi)ないし約250(psi)にある。本発明の
他の実施形態では、圧縮ゾーンで組織に初めに供給され
る圧力は約75psi ないし約250psi である。本発明
の他の実施形態では、圧縮ゾーンで組織に初めに供給さ
れる圧力は約115psi ないし約185psi である。
【0020】従って、組織圧縮と電極の配置によって、
より効果的な凝固が可能になり、組織インピーダンス、
厚さ、脈管質の広い範囲で止血が実現される利点があ
る。
【0021】本発明の他の実施形態では、第1極は第1
ジョーの第1相互接続面に配置され、第2極は第1極と
同じジョーに配置されるが相互接続面には配置されな
い。
【0022】本発明は組織の線あるいは通路をカットラ
インあるいは切断通路に沿って凝固することができる装
置も提供する。実施の一形態では第1極は細長い電極か
らなる。隣接する絶縁体に沿ったこの細長い電極はリッ
ジを形成して凝固すべき組織を圧縮する。第2極は第1
極の絶縁体の反対側の絶縁体に隣接している。
【0023】1つの好ましい実施形態では、組織を切る
ための切断手段は本装置に組み込まれ、本装置は切断手
段の通路に隣接する止血線(ライン)を形成する。勿
論、切断は焼灼あるいは融合の前、最中、あるいは後の
何時でも行なうことができる。この好ましい実施形態の
1つのバリエーションでは、ステープル留め手段が切断
路の片側あるいは両側に設けられる。
【0024】実施の一形態では指示手段はユーザーに、
所望のあるいは所定の程度に組織が凝固したことを伝え
る。
【0025】他の実施形態では、凝固は機械的切断、す
なわち切断手段の作動前に完了している。指示手段を使
用すれば、組織が一旦凝固すれば2列のステープルを組
織に取り付けた状態で切断手段を作動して平行棒間で切
る。
【0026】他の実施形態では止血装置が、直線切断用
の機械的ステープラーと同様の直線カッターに組み込ま
れる。この実施形態では止血装置は、1極を構成する2
個の平行な細長い接合電極棒と、その電極棒間を走行す
る切断手段のスロットからなる。場合によっては1列以
上のステープルをスロットと電極棒の各側面に設けてさ
らに止血を行なう。動作としては、組織を2個のジョー
間にクランプする。高周波電流の形態の電気エネルギー
を圧縮組織に当てて2本の平行電極棒に沿って血管を焼
灼する。
【0027】他の実施形態は所定の範囲から外れる異常
なインピーダンスあるいは他の電気パラメーターを検出
するための手段を提供する。例えば、予想された良好な
凝固の範囲から外れたインピーダンスを示す組織に装置
がいつ適用されたかを示すためにその検出手段を使用す
ることができる。他の装置異常検出するのにもその手段
を使用できる。異常状態を例えば、インタフェースエレ
クトロニクスで初めの組織インピーダンスの正常範囲の
比較を使用することによって検出することができる。こ
れはRFエネルギーを作用させて最初の数ミリ秒で検知
することができ、それほど、治療エネルギー用量を必要
としない。インピーダンスが範囲外になった時点をユー
ザーに警告するために警告機構を使用してよい。本装置
を位置変えすると、同じ測定基準を適用し、組織インピ
ーダンスが再度範囲外になれば、ユーザーに再度警告さ
れるだろう。正常なインピーダンス範囲が満足され、良
好な凝固が期待できるまでこのプロセスが続くだろう。
【0028】同様に、他の実施形態により、管内ステー
プラーと同様に組織融合および焼灼切断装置が提供され
る。極は絶縁体で分離された2個の同心円電極で構成さ
れるのが好ましい。極を構成する同心円電極はステープ
ラーカートリッジかあるいはアンビルに配置することが
できる。
【0029】本発明のこれらおよびその他の目的は、以
下の発明の実施の形態に関連して考慮する場合に添付図
面を参照することによりさらに理解されるだろう。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】ここで図1ないし9を参照する。
図には本発明の好ましい実施形態が示してある。内視鏡
的電気焼灼切断およびステープル留め装置10が示され
ており、その装置10は貫通して延在する内腔を備えた
シャフト30とそのシャフト30の遠位端21から延在
する効果器(イフェクター)50に連結した本体16を
有する。シャフト30は絶縁材料から構成され、その内
腔に延在する導電シース38を有する。シース38を介
して延在するチャンネル(通路)39は、チャンネル3
9内のドライバー(駆動)手段44の同軸運動をガイド
する。この特定の実施形態では、ドライバー手段44
は、フレキシブル発射ロッド40に連結された本体16
に関連する発射トリガーを備えている。このフレキシブ
ル発射ロッド40は、ブロック43に連結された駆動ロ
ッド41に連結している。ブロック43は切断手段11
とステープル駆動ウェッジ13に連結され、それにより
駆動手段44がブロック43によって末端効果器50内
に前進する。
【0031】末端効果器50は相互に接続する2つのジ
ョー部材32,34を備えている。末端効果器50はジ
ョー部材34によりチャンネル39に固定される。ジョ
ー部材32はジョー部材34に移動可能に固定されてい
る。本体16はジョー32,34を閉めるためのクラン
プトリガー12を有する。なおクランプトリガー12
は、シース38の近位端に連結されたクローズ(閉め)
ラック45を縦(長軸)方向に前進させる。クローズラ
ック45はシャフト30を通してシース38を同軸方向
に前進させる。シース38はジョー32のカム面27上
を進み、ジョー32とジョー34をその間に配置された
組織上で閉める。以下、さらに詳細に説明するように、
クローズラック45はスイッチとしても作用して、末端
効果器50に電気エネルギーを通す回路を閉じる。
【0032】ここで図3ないし9および図22を参照す
る。図には装置10の末端効果器50の拡大が示されて
いる。ジョー部材32と34は図3には未クランプ位
置、図4にはクランプされ、未発射位置、そして図5に
はクランプされ、発射された位置で示してある。ジョー
部材32は、アンビル18、ジョー32に対して縦方向
に延在するU字形第1極(極)52、この第1極52の
外側を囲むU字形絶縁材料55を備える。ジョー部材3
2はジョー34の内面に面する内面33を有する。内面
33は、ステンレスあるいはアルミニウムからなる2個
の電気的に通じる電極棒53,54からなる第1極52
を備える。なおこの第1極は内面33の長さに実質的に
沿って延在している。電極棒53,54は第1極の中央
を縦方向に延在するナイフチャンネル42で分離されそ
のU字形を構成する。電極棒の表面はフラットストリッ
プで作られ組織と広い表面領域接触をする。アンビル1
8に配置されステープル端部を受けるための2個の続い
た(2連)ポケット36、37は、内面33に沿って電
極棒53,54のそれぞれ横と外側に延在する。電極棒
53、54および絶縁材料55は、内面33のアンビル
部分33a(図6)対して外側に延在するリッジ56を
形成する。アンビル18は導電材料から作られ、第1極
に電気的に反対の第2極として作用する。アンビル18
は第1極52からU字形絶縁材料55で絶縁される。
【0033】ジョー部材34はカートリッジチャンネル
22とカートリッジ23を備えている。カートリッジ2
3は、ウェッジ13用のトラック25、カートリッジ2
3の中央を縦方向に延在するナイフチャンネル26、ト
ラック25内に延在する一連のドライバー(駆動器)2
4、および2組の平行2列に配置されたステープル10
0を備える。組織をジョー32,34間に挟んだら、ト
リガー14を使って駆動手段44を動かしあるいは発射
して、はさまれた組織に切断手段11とウェッジ13を
前進させその組織をステープルで留め切断する。発射機
構14を動かせば、ウェッジがトラック25を前進し、
ドライバー24がステープラー100の方へ移動し、そ
れによりステープル100を組織にそしてアンビルポケ
ット36、37内に動かす。
【0034】図22に示された本発明の実施形態では、
ジョー32の内面からU字形絶縁材料55の組織面80
まで測定される寸法Bは、約0.0インチから約0.0
45インチまでの範囲内にあるのが好ましく、約0.0
インチが好ましい。内エッジ82からU字形絶縁材料5
5の外エッジ84まで測定される寸法Cは、約0.01
インチから約0.04インチまでの範囲内にあるのが好
ましく、約0.02インチが好ましい。内エッジ86か
ら第1極の外エッジ88まで組織面90に沿って測定さ
れる寸法Eは、約0.002インチから約0.04イン
チまでの範囲内にあるのが好ましく、約0.020イン
チが好ましい。ジョー32と34を閉めて組織面90か
ら組織面92まで測定される寸法Gは、約0.0インチ
から約0.020インチまでの範囲内にあるのが好まし
く、約0.001インチが好ましい。寸法Gは組織をは
さまず測定する。
【0035】本体16の遠位端に配置されたノブ15
は、ノブ15が末端効果器のジョー32、34を回転移
動させるために使用できるように、そのノブ15に直接
あるいは間接的に連結されるシャフト30、シース3
8、チャンネル50および末端効果器50を回転させ
る。
【0036】二極エネルギーを、この装置の本体16内
に延在するワイヤー19、20を介して電気外科発電機
(ジェネレータ)60から末端効果器50に供給する。
発電機60はフットスイッチによりユーザー調節され
る。
【0037】電流を第1極に送るワイヤー19は、ワイ
ヤーあるいは他の電気コンタクト手段61を介して、第
1極に関連しクローズラック45の遠位端に配置された
電気コンタクト62に連結されている。反対極の電流を
流すワイヤー20は、ワイヤーあるいは他の電気コンタ
クト手段66を介して、クローズラック45の遠位端に
配置されコンタクト62と電気的に絶縁したディスクコ
ンタクト67に連結されている。
【0038】第1極と関連し、本体16の遠位端に配置
されたディスクコンタクト63は、ワイヤーか他のコン
タクト手段64に導通している。コンタクト手段64は
チャンネル39を通して末端効果器32まで延在し、そ
こでコンタクト手段が第1極52と接触する。ディスク
コンタクト63は、そのコンタクト63とコンタクト手
段64間で導通(コンタクト)がなされている間、ノブ
15を回転させる。コンタクト手段64はシース38と
電気的に絶縁される。
【0039】クランプトリガー12を動かすと、クロー
ズラック45が遠方に移動し、それによってコンタクト
62が、第2極51に関連したディスク63とディスク
62に導通し、シース38と導通する。シース38は、
リターン電極として作用する導通アンビル18のカム面
27上を動く。従って、クランプトリガー12が閉じた
場合にのみ電気回路が閉じる。
【0040】動作では、組織を切る組織部位に装置の末
端効果器50を配置する。リリースボタン70を押すこ
とによってジョー部材32,34を開ける。リリースボ
タン70はボタンばね71を解除し、クロースラック4
5を手前に動かす。次にジョー部材32,34のそれぞ
れ相互接続内面33,35間に組織をはさむ。クランプ
トリガー12を引きシース38をカム面27上に動か
し、それでジョー32、34を閉め、同時に上記のよう
に電気回路を閉じる。共にリッジ56を形成する電極棒
53,54と絶縁材料55はジョー部材34の内面に組
織を押し付ける(圧縮する)。次に、ユーザーはフット
スイッチ65あるいは他のスイッチを使用してRFエネ
ルギーを発電機60から供給する。第1極52すなわち
電極棒53,54と第2極51すなわちアンビル18間
に、押し付けた組織を通して電流が流れる。
【0041】本発明の実施の一形態では、圧縮ゾーンで
組織を押し付けるために加える初めの圧力は、1平方イ
ンチ当たり約30ポンド(psi)と250psi の間であ
る。さらに詳細には、本発明の他の実施形態では圧縮ゾ
ーンで組織を押し付けるために加える初めの圧力は、約
75psi と250psi の間である。さらに詳細には、本
発明の他の実施形態では圧縮ゾーンで組織を押し付ける
ために加える初めの圧力は、約75psi と175psi の
間である。本発明の実施の一形態では、ジョー間にはさ
まれた組織を押し付けるために加える初めの圧力は、約
125psi である。加えた圧力が十分な場合、血液を含
む流体は圧縮ゾーンで組織から押出され凝固を容易にす
る。さらに、圧縮ゾーン内で組織に加える圧力により、
組織を電極に押し付けることによって電気エネルギーが
組織に容易に連結される。
【0042】アンビルにより加えられる圧力はアンビル
のばね率の関数である。アンビルに「前曲げ(プレ−ベ
ンド)」角度をアンビルに付けることによって前荷重
(プレ−ロード)(ゼロギャップで)を得ることができ
る。従って、前曲げ角度を付けた場合、アンビルを前応
力付加ビームと考えることができる。前荷重の好ましい
値は12ないし18ポンドの範囲内であり、約15ポン
ドの値が好ましい。アンビルのばね率は、系がアンビ
ル、チャンネル、カートリッジ、チューブなどを含む
「系」の硬さの関数であることがより高精度である。系
の要素の各々が特定のばね率を有し、各々が系の硬さを
増やすために適切に変形できる。
【0043】本発明の実施の一形態では、ジョー32の
ばね率は、1インチ当たり約225ポンドないし約35
0ポンドである。より詳細にはジョー32のアンビル1
8のばね率は1インチ当たり約275ポンドの範囲にあ
るのが好ましい。
【0044】二極エネルギーソースは、約300kHzな
いし3MHzの高周波エネルギーを与える低インピーダン
スソースである。組織に流される電流は0.1ないし
1.5アンペアであり、電圧は30ないし200ボルト
RMSである。
【0045】聞くことができ、見ることができ、触るこ
とができ、あるいはその他のフィードバックシステムを
使用して、いつ十分な凝固が起きたかを示し、その時点
でRFエネルギーを止めることができる。そのようなフ
ィードバックシステムの例を以下説明する。RFエネル
ギーを止めた後、切断手段11を前進させ、発射トリガ
ー14を使用してステープル100を発射させる。ピボ
ット(旋回軸)14aの周囲にレバーアームとして作動
する発射トリガー14を回転させることによって発射を
実施する。ドライバー手段44は切断手段11とウェッ
ジ13を前進させる。切断手段11は組織が凝固した電
極棒53, 54間内の組織を切断する。従って、切断線
は電極棒で形成された凝固ラインに対し横方向である。
ウェッジ13は同時にドライバー24をステープル10
0内に前進させ、ステープル100を発射させ組織を通
しアンビル18のポケット36, 37に入れる。切断手
段が組織を切るとステープル100が切断手段11の各
サイドに2組の縦2列で付けられる。
【0046】直線ステープラーの動作は当技術で知られ
ており、例えば、米国特許第4,608,981号、第
4,633,874号、および米国出願第07/91
7,636で議論されている。これらの文献は本明細書
に参考として含める。
【0047】実施の一形態ではカートリッジは、2列の
ステープルを1列に代えることによって多発射ステープ
ル留め性能を与える。現在使用されている腹腔鏡的ステ
ープル留め、切断装置では、1ショット交換カートリッ
ジが使用される。良好な止血を行なうためにこのタイプ
のステープラーを設計して各平行列の2列のステープル
を取り付ける。2列のステープルを入れるのに必要なス
ペースの大きさの理由から、積載ステープルに必要な他
のスペースのため複数のステープルを積載した再発射で
きるカートリッジは好ましくなかった。この多発射ステ
ープル留め実施形態では、1列のステープルが使用され
る。1列のステープルを使用することにより2列のステ
ープルで予め占められるスペースにステープルを積載す
ることが可能になり、多発射性能が得えられる。他の実
施形態ではステープルが必要とされず、電流ラインで必
要な止血を行なう。
【0048】本発明の好ましい実施形態は、望ましいあ
るいは所定の凝固度がいつ生じたかを示すように設計さ
れたフィードバックシステムを備える。これは凝固ゾー
ンがユーザーに見えない場合に特に有効である。特定の
実施形態ではフィードバックシステムは凝固レベルを有
するシステムの電気パラメーターを測定する。
【0049】好ましいフィードバックシステムはまた、
凝固度を示す凝固ゾーンあるいはその近くの組織特性も
決めることができる。電気エネルギーを当てる組織の電
気インピーダンスも凝固を示すのに使用される。エネル
ギーを組織に当てると、インピーダンスは初め減少し、
次に凝固が起きると上昇するのが一般的である。電気組
織インピーダンスオーバータイムと凝固間の関係の例が
Vallfors, BertilとBergdahi, Bjoern 「Automatically
controlled Bipolar Electrocoagulation (自動制御さ
れた二極電気凝固)」Neurosurg.Rev. p187−190
(1984年)に記載されており、その文献を参考とし
てこの明細書に含める。脱水が起きるとインピーダンス
が増加する。高電圧の過剰印加の結果としての炭化およ
び/又は装置への付着は、組織インピーダンス特性に基
づくフィードバックシステムを使用して防止することが
できる。凝固を示すことができる組織特性の他の例には
温度と光の反射がある。
【0050】図10を参照する。図10ではフローチャ
ートが本発明の好ましい実施形態で実施されるフィード
バックを示している。先ずエネルギーを組織に当てる。
次に、組織に当てたシステム電流と電圧を決定する。イ
ンピーダンス値を計算し、蓄積する。例えばインピーダ
ンス、インピーダンスの変化および/又はインピーダン
スの変化率を含むインピーダンスの関数に基づいて所望
の凝固が起きたかどうかを判断する。凝固が所定の程度
まで起きたらある種々手段がエネルギーを止める必要が
あることを指示する。そのような指示手段は見える光、
聞こえる音、あるいは触れるインディケーターを含むこ
とができる。フィードバック手段は発電機も制御でき、
あるインピーダンスレベルでエネルギーを止める。他の
実施形態ではインピーダンスレベルによりトーン(調
子)が変わる連続音(聞こえる)で与えられる。他の特
徴としてインピーダンスが通常の最小範囲以下および/
又は最大範囲以上であれば、エラーや装置の不調を指示
するためのエラー指示手段を備える。
【0051】図11ないし14は末端効果器の他の形状
を示す。図11において第1極(極)152と第2極1
51は共にアンビル118を有する同じジョー132に
配置されている。U字形第1極152はナイフチャンネ
ル142を形成する。U字形絶縁体155は、第1極1
52が第2極と電気的に絶縁するように表面133を除
いて第1極152を囲む。圧縮リッジ156は、非導電
材料から作られたカートリッジ上に形成される。圧縮リ
ッジ156は第1極152と絶縁体155に組織を押し
付け組織圧縮ゾーンを形成する。
【0052】図12では、第1極252と第2極251
は共にアンビル218を有する同じジョー232に配置
されている。第1極252と第2極251は各々ナイフ
チャンネル242の反対側に配置される。絶縁体255
は、極251,252が互いに電気的に絶縁するように
表面233を除いて極251,252を囲む。圧縮リッ
ジ256は、非導電材料から作られたカートリッジ上に
形成される。圧縮リッジ256は極251、252と絶
縁体255に組織を押し付け組織圧縮ゾーンを形成す
る。
【0053】図13では、第2極351はアンビル31
8を有するジョー332に配置されており、一方、第1
極352はカートリッジ323に配置されている。U字
形第1極352はナイフチャンネル326を形成し、絶
縁体355aにより囲まれている。。U字形絶縁体35
5bはジョー332のナイフチャンネル342を形成す
る。絶縁体355bを除いて、ジョーは導電材料から作
られ第2極351を形成する。第1極352と絶縁体3
55aは圧縮リッジ356を作り、その圧縮リッジ35
6はジョー332の表面333に組織を押し付け組織圧
縮ゾーンを形成する。絶縁体355bは十分な幅があ
り、それによりジョー332を近づけた時に極351,
352が接触しない。
【0054】図14では、第1極452と第2極451
は共にカートリッジ423を有するジョー434に配置
されている。第1極452と第2極451は各々反対側
に配置され、カートリッジ423によりナイフチャンネ
ル426を形成する。絶縁体455aは、極451、極
452が互いに電気的に絶縁するように表面435を除
いて極451、極452を囲む。圧縮リッジ456は、
カートリッジ423上に形成され、ジョー432の表面
433に配置された絶縁体455bに組織を押し付ける
ことによって圧縮ゾーンを形成する。
【0055】図15は他の実施形態を示す。第1、第2
極551,552およびナイフチャンネル542は、第
1、第2極551、552が各々ずらした電極間内で絶
縁材料を備えたナイフチャンネルの長さに沿ってずれた
一連の導通する電極からなる以外は図12と同じ形状で
配置されている。
【0056】図16は、図15のような、ただ第1極電
極652と第2極電極651がナイフチャンネル642
の長さに沿ってまたそのナイフチャンネル642の各サ
イドで交互するずれた電極を示す。
【0057】図17と18は、第1、第2極751,7
52が各々ずれた電極を備えた他の実施形態を示してい
る。この実施形態では、第1極752はナイフチャンネ
ル742の各サイドに沿ってずれ、カートリッジ723
に形成された圧縮リッジ756に配置される。第2極7
51はジョー733上のナイフチャンネル742の各サ
イドに沿ってずれている。図18でわかるように、極7
51,752は垂直に整合しているが、図17に示した
ように、ジョー732,734を閉じた時に絶縁体75
5a,755bで互いに電気的に絶縁するようにずれて
いる(オフセット)。
【0058】図19は末端効果器の他の実施形態を示
す。第1極852と第2極851は共にアンビル818
を有するジョー832に配置されている。第1極852
は圧縮ゾーンで組織を圧縮するためのリッジ856を形
成し、相互接続面833に配置される。第2極851は
アンビル818の側面に配置され、相互接続面833に
は配置されない。
【0059】図20と21は、ステープル留め手段を備
えた本発明の円形カッターを示す。図20は相互接続面
933を備えたステープラーカートリッジ900を示
す。ステープルが組織内に移動する2列のステープル開
口(アパーチャー)901を面932の外周にずらして
ある。第1極952は面933の内周を一周する。絶縁
体955は、ステープル開口901を囲む面933の部
分933aから電気的に絶縁させる。ステープル開口部
分933aは導電材料から作られ第2極として作用す
る。円形切断ナイフ911は、面933の内周から半径
方向内側にカートリッジ900内で凹んでいる。
【0060】図21は、ステープルを受けるためのポケ
ット937と、カートリッジの第1極952と絶縁体9
55に対して組織を押し付ける(圧縮する)ための圧縮
リッジ956を有するアンビル918を示している。円
形カッターは米国特許第5,104,025号に記載さ
れた円形ステープラーと同様に作動する。なおその文献
は本明細書に参考として含める。しかしながら、ステー
ル留めと切断の前に接合用電流を第1極952とステー
プル開口部分933a間の組織に流す。
【0061】他の実施形態では、円形カッターをステー
プル無しで使用することができる。電流を極を通して供
給して組織を融着させ凝固させ、それからナイフを前進
させて解剖のような手術で組織を切断する。
【0062】動作では、装置のジョー、例えば末端効果
器のジョー32と34で、治療すべき組織を閉じる。装
置のジョーにはさまれた組織を本明細書で説明したよう
に圧縮する。
【0063】本発明による電気外科装置は、かけた圧力
が組織を破らずに凝固領域から流体を押し出すために組
織の凝固が向上する点で有利である。本明細書で規定し
た圧力範囲はまた、本発明による装置を使用すると、組
織と電極間のコンタクトが改良され、凝固が組織全体で
改良され、焼き付きが減少する点でも有利である。
【0064】この発明の幾つかのバリエーションを、内
視鏡的切断とステープル留めを要する2つの特定の実施
形態に関連して説明した。勿論、本発明は止血が望まし
い多くの用途で使用することができる。従って、添付特
許請求の範囲とその均等物で規定されたこの発明でその
範囲から逸脱すること無しに様々な変形がなされること
が当業者はわかるだろう。
【0065】本発明が適用される実施態様は以下の通り
である。 (1)前記所定の圧力は1平方インチ当たり約75ポン
ドないし1平方インチ当たり約250ポンドの範囲にあ
る請求項1に記載の電気外科装置。 (2)前記所定の圧力は1平方インチ当たり約115ポ
ンドないし1平方インチ当たり約180ポンドの範囲に
ある請求項1に記載の電気外科装置。 (3)前記第2相互接続面の一部分は前記第2相互接続
面から延在するリッジを構成し前記相互接続面間に組織
圧縮ゾーンを形成する請求項1に記載の電気外科装置。 (4)前記第1および第2の極間に流れる電流により組
織圧縮ゾーンで凝固を行なう実施態様(3)に記載の電
気外科装置。
【0066】(5)前記電気外科装置は、前記装置に配
置された切断要素を備えて前記切断要素を作動させて前
記末端効果器ではさんだ組織を切断線に沿って分離する
請求項1に記載の電気外科装置。 (6)前記末端効果器はさらに、少なくとも1個のステ
ープルと前記少なくとも1個のステープルを前記切断線
の横に付けるように適合した少なくとも1個のドライバ
ーを備える実施態様(5)に記載の電気外科装置。 (7)前記1個以上の第1電極は比較的円形の電極から
なり前記第1相互接続面の内周に配置される請求項1に
記載の電気外科装置。 (8)前記電気外科装置は前記相互接続面ではさまれる
組織組織を分離するように適合された切断要素を有する
実施態様(7)に記載の電気外科装置。
【0067】(9)前記末端効果器はさらに、少なくと
も1個のステープルと前記少なくとも1個のステープル
を組織を通して移動させるように適合した少なくとも1
個のドライバーを備える実施態様(8)に記載の電気外
科装置。 (10)前記所定の圧力は1平方インチ当たり約75ポ
ンドないし1平方インチ当たり約250ポンドの範囲に
ある請求項2に記載の電気外科装置。 (11)前記所定の圧力は1平方インチ当たり約115
ポンドないし1平方インチ当たり約180ポンドの範囲
にある請求項2に記載の電気外科装置。 (12)前記所定の圧力は1平方インチ当たり約75ポ
ンドないし1平方インチ当たり約250ポンドの範囲に
ある請求項3に記載の電気外科装置。 (13)前記所定の圧力は1平方インチ当たり約115
ポンドないし1平方インチ当たり約180ポンドの範囲
にある請求項3に記載の電気外科装置。
【0068】
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明による電気外
科装置および方法によれば、組織を破ることなく血液な
どの凝固を行なうことができ、種々の止血用途に適用す
ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施形態の内視鏡的電気凝固直線ステ
ープル留めおよび切断装置の側面図である。
【図2】図1の装置の側面断面図である。
【図3】図1の開放位置にある装置の遠位端の部分断面
図である。
【図4】図1の閉じた、未発射位置にある装置の遠位端
の部分断面図である。
【図5】図1の閉じた、発射位置にある装置の遠位端の
部分断面図である。
【図6】図4の装置の遠位端のライン6−6に沿った正
面断面図である。
【図7】図1の装置のアンビルジョーの分離底面図であ
る。
【図8】図1の装置のカートリッジの分離上面図であ
る。
【図9】図7のジョーのライン9−9に沿った側面断面
図である。
【図10】本発明のフィードバックシステムを示すフロ
ーチャートである。
【図11】本発明の他の実施形態の末端効果器の正面断
面図である。
【図12】本発明の他の実施形態の末端効果器の正面断
面図である。
【図13】本発明の他の実施形態の末端効果器の正面断
面図である。
【図14】本発明の他の実施形態の末端効果器の正面断
面図である。
【図15】本発明の他の実施形態のアンビルの分離底面
図である。
【図16】本発明の他の実施形態のアンビルの分離底面
図である。
【図17】本発明の他の実施形態の遠位端断面図であ
る。
【図18】図17の末端効果器の正面断面図である。
【図19】本発明の他の実施形態の末端効果器の正面断
面図である。
【図20】本発明の円形カッターのカートリッジの底面
図である。
【図21】本発明の円形カッターのアンビルの底面図で
ある。
【図22】本発明の他の実施形態による末端効果器の断
面図である。
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 ジェイムズ・ダブリュ・ベージェル アメリカ合衆国、45249 オハイオ州、シ ンシナティ、ケンパーノール 11486 (72)発明者 ジェス・クーンズ アメリカ合衆国、45208 オハイオ州、シ ンシナティ、ミシガン・アベニュー 3619 (72)発明者 アニル・ナラガトラ アメリカ合衆国、45449 オハイオ州、ウ ェスト・カーロルトン、ショウニー・ラン 341シー (72)発明者 ウォーレン・ピー・ウィリアムソン・ザ・ フォース アメリカ合衆国、45150 オハイオ州、ラ ブランド、サウスベンド・コート 101

Claims (3)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】 末端効果器を有する電気外科装置であっ
    て、前記末端効果器が、 第1および対向する第2の相互接続面であって、前記相
    互接続面がそれらの面の間に組織をはさむことが可能
    で、前記末端効果器が二極エネルギーを受けることが可
    能で、前記第1および第1の相互接続面が、1平方イン
    チ当たり約30ポンドないし1平方インチ当たり約25
    0ポンドの範囲で所定の圧力を前記組織にかける第1お
    よび対向する第2の相互接続面と、 二極エネルギーを伝導できる電気的に反対の電極からな
    る電気的に絶縁された第1および第2の極であって、前
    記第1極は第1電気ポテンシャルの1個以上の第1電極
    からなり、前記第2極は第2電気ポテンシャルの1個以
    上の第2電極からなる電気的に絶縁された第1および第
    2の極とを具備し、 二極エネルギーを前記極間に組織を介して伝えるよう
    に、前記1個以上の第1電極の少なくとも1個は、前記
    第1および第2の相互接続面の少なくとも一方に配置さ
    れ、前記1個以上の第2電極の少なくとも1個は、前記
    第1および第2の相互接続面の少なくとも一方に配置さ
    れ、 前記1個以上の第1電極の各々は前記1個以上の第2電
    極から前記第1および第2の相互接続面で互いにオフセ
    ットしてある電気外科装置。
  2. 【請求項2】 電気外科装置であって、 ハンドルと、 前記ハンドルに連結された作動手段と、 前記作動手段の遠位端に連結された末端効果器と、 二極電気エネルギーを二極エネルギーソースから前記末
    端効果器に伝えるための手段とを具備し、 前記末端効果器は、 第1相互接続面と、 第2相互接続面と、 前記相互接続面の少なくとも一方に配置された第1電気
    ポテンシャルの1個以上の第1電極を備える第1極と、 前記相互接続面の少なくとも一方に配置された第2電気
    ポテンシャルの1個以上の第2電極を備える第2極とを
    有し、 前記作動手段は、前記末端効果器で、第1相互接続面と
    第2相互接続面間に組織をはさみ、1平方インチ当たり
    約30ポンドないし1平方インチ当たり約250ポンド
    の範囲で所定の圧力を前記組織にかけることが可能であ
    り、 二極電気エネルギーを二極エネルギーソースから、前記
    1個以上の第1電極と前記1個以上の第2電極とに隣接
    する組織を介して伝えるための前記手段から供給される
    電気エネルギーを伝えることが可能な電気的に反対の電
    極から前記第1極と前記第2極が構成される電気外科装
    置。
  3. 【請求項3】 末端効果器を有する電気外科装置を利用
    して二極電気外科エネルギーを組織に当てる方法であっ
    て、前記末端効果器が、 第1および対向する第2の相互接続面であって、前記相
    互接続面がそれらの面の間に組織をはさむことが可能
    で、前記末端効果器が二極エネルギーを受けることが可
    能である第1および対向する第2の相互接続面と、 二極エネルギーを伝導できる電気的に反対の電極からな
    る電気的に絶縁された第1および第2の極であって、前
    記第1極は第1電気ポテンシャルの1個以上の第1電極
    からなり、前記第2極は第2電気ポテンシャルの1個以
    上の第2電極からなる電気的に絶縁された第1および第
    2の極とを具備し、 二極エネルギーを前記極間に組織を介して伝えるよう
    に、前記1個以上の第1電極の少なくとも1個は、前記
    第1および第2の相互接続面の少なくとも一方に配置さ
    れ、前記1個以上の第2電極の少なくとも1個は、前記
    第1および第2の相互接続面の少なくとも一方に配置さ
    れ、 前記1個以上の第1電極の各々は前記1個以上の第2電
    極から前記第1および第2の相互接続面で互いにずらし
    てあり、 前記方法が、 前記相互接続面間に組織をはさむ工程と、 1平方インチ当たり約30ポンドないし1平方インチ当
    たり約250ポンドの範囲にある所定の圧力を前記組織
    にかける工程と、 二極電気エネルギーを前記組織に当てる工程を有する方
    法。
JP10148369A 1997-05-14 1998-05-13 改良された電気外科止血法および電気外科装置 Pending JPH1170123A (ja)

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US08/856,520 USH1904H (en) 1997-05-14 1997-05-14 Electrosurgical hemostatic method and device

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