JPH1061371A - Method and device for crushing material using pulsed electric energy discharge, and method and device for producing high voltage pulse therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform excavation of a preliminary hole and electric crushing with good operability and to efficiently perform crushing. SOLUTION: This material crushing method includes inserting an electrode 1 into a preliminary hole 4 provided in a material to be crushed, packing a solution 9 around the electrode 1, applying a high voltage pulse to the electrode 1, and crushing the material using a discharge current at the electrode 1. After the preliminary hole 4 is bored in the material by passing the discharge current using the electrode for excavating the preliminary hole 4, the crushing electrode 1 is inserted into the preliminary hole 4, and the discharge current is passed using the crushing electrode 1 to crush the material. The discharge current is made to flow in the material during excavation of the preliminary hole and in the solution 9 during crushing.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for crushing a material such as rock or concrete by discharging electric pulse energy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, rock and concrete are crushed by electric energy discharge (hereinafter referred to as electro-crushing).
Several methods have been proposed. For example, JP-A-4-
In Japanese Patent No. 222794, a hole is formed in a solid insulator such as rock by a drill or the like, and a viscous electrolytic solution (for example, copper sulfate electrolytic solution) is put in the hole, and the hole is coaxially inserted into the hole. A high voltage pulse is applied to this electrode. As a result, a plasma discharge is generated in the electrode, and the electric energy radiated at this time crushes the rock and fragments it. Then, the inside of the confined area around the electrode is filled with the electrolytic solution to increase the destructive force generated by the plasma discharge. Further, the rising time of the high voltage pulse is reduced to a predetermined value or less, so that the discharge current easily flows through the solid insulator.

[0003] For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-502733
In the official gazette, two or more different holes are made at a predetermined distance in a material such as rock, an electrode is inserted into each hole, and plasma discharge is performed between the electrodes in different holes. I have. At this time, the rock is crushed by applying high-voltage energy to the rock in a very short time in a pulsed manner.

[0004]

However, in each of the conventional electric crushing methods described above, it is necessary to previously form a hole for inserting a crushing electrode by another means (for example, a drill or the like). There is. For this reason, when actually performing electric crushing, it is necessary to separately prepare a means for piercing and a device for crushing, and there is a problem that workability is not so good because it requires man-hours for changing the setup.

In addition, Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 62-502733 discloses that in order to efficiently perform electrocrushing, the rising time of a high voltage pulse to be applied must be within a predetermined time. However, in order to carry out electrocrushing practically, it is required to crush a large amount of substances in a short time, and a more efficient method is required. For this purpose, rocks and the like are easily broken by shortening the rising time of the high-voltage pulse as described above,
In order to perform crushing in a large amount in a wide range, it is necessary to increase the amount of electric energy input to rocks and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to perform drilling and crushing of preliminary holes at the time of electric crushing with good workability, and pulse electric energy capable of efficiently performing crushing. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of crushing a substance by electric discharge, a crushing device thereof, a method of generating a high-voltage pulse, and a high-voltage pulse generating device thereof.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems, Functions and Effects In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 inserts an electrode into a preliminary hole 4 provided in a substance to be crushed, and In a method of crushing a substance by pulse electric energy discharge in which the surroundings are filled with a solution 9 and a high voltage pulse is applied to this electrode and the substance is crushed by a discharge current at this electrode, a discharge current is generated by the electrode for preliminary hole drilling. And then a preliminary hole 4 is formed in the material, and then the crushing electrode is inserted into the preliminary hole 4 and a discharge current is passed through the crushing electrode to crush the material.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the excavation of the preliminary hole and the crushing using the preliminary hole are both performed by the electric crushing by the pulse electric energy discharge, the efficient crushing becomes possible.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to the first aspect, wherein a discharge current flows through the substance at the time of drilling a preliminary hole, and the solution is supplied at the time of crushing. 9, a discharge current is supplied.

According to the second aspect of the invention, at the time of drilling a preliminary hole, a discharge current flows through the material to be crushed, so that the material can be efficiently and deeply drilled. Also, at the time of crushing, a discharge current is caused to flow through the solution around the electrode, thereby generating a shock wave, which crushes the material to be crushed over a wide range. As a result, it is possible to efficiently perform electro-fracture by pulsed electric energy discharge.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to the first aspect, the rising time of the high-voltage pulse is changed between the time of digging a preliminary hole and the time of crushing. To select whether the discharge current flows through the substance or the solution 9.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the characteristic that the magnitude of the withstand voltage of the substance to be crushed and the withstand voltage of the solution are exchanged according to the rise time of the high voltage pulse is used, and the rise time is changed. This makes it possible to select whether the discharge current flows in the substance to be crushed or in the solution. Accordingly, this allows a discharge current to flow through the material to be crushed during pre-hole drilling, so that the material is efficiently and deeply drilled. Also, at the time of crushing,
Since a discharge current can be caused to flow in the solution around the electrode, the shock wave at this time crushes the substance to be crushed in a wide range. As a result, it is possible to efficiently perform electro-fracture by pulsed electric energy discharge.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to the first aspect, at the time of excavating a preliminary hole, the tip of the electrode is brought into contact with the substance so as to be included in the substance. A discharge current is passed, and at the time of crushing, the tip of the electrode is separated from the substance and the solution 9
Is a method in which a discharge current flows through the inside.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the tip of the electrode is brought into contact with the material to be crushed, a discharge current flows through the material, so that deep drilling can be performed during preliminary hole drilling. In addition, a shock current is generated by causing a discharge current to flow through the solution while separating the tip of the electrode from the substance to be crushed, and the substance to be crushed is widely crushed by the shock wave. As a result, it is possible to efficiently perform electro-fracture by pulsed electric energy discharge.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to the first aspect, at least two or more of the preliminary holes 4 are formed by using at least two or more electrodes. At the time of crushing, the electrodes are respectively inserted into the two or more different preliminary holes 4, and a high-voltage pulse is applied between the different electrodes.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a preliminary hole is formed simultaneously with at least two or more electrodes, and discharge is performed between different electrodes inserted into the different preliminary holes,
It is possible to crush the space between the preliminary holes and the periphery thereof over a wide area.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrode to be inserted into a preliminary hole 4 formed in a substance to be crushed, a solution 9 filling the periphery of the electrode, and a pulse generator for applying a high voltage pulse to the electrode. An apparatus for crushing a substance by pulse electric energy discharge for crushing the substance by a discharge current at the electrode, the apparatus comprising: an electrode for drilling a preliminary hole; and the electrode for crushing. .

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the preliminary hole drilling and the crushing are respectively performed by the electric fracturing by the pulsed electric energy discharge using the electrode for the preliminary hole digging and the electrode for the crushing, so that the efficient operation is achieved. Crushing becomes possible.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to the sixth aspect, a pulse for digging a preliminary hole and a crushing pulse for outputting the high voltage pulses having different rising times. The configuration is provided with the generator 10.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a characteristic is used in which the magnitude of the withstand voltage of the substance to be crushed and the magnitude of the withstand voltage of the solution are replaced by the rise time of the high voltage pulse. A discharge current is applied to the electrodes by a pulse generator for pre-hole drilling and crushing that outputs a voltage pulse. As a result, a discharge current can flow through the material to be crushed at the time of excavating the preliminary hole, so that this material is efficiently and deeply excavated. Also, at the time of crushing, a discharge current can be caused to flow in the solution around the electrode, and the shock wave at this time crushes the crushing target material over a wide range. As a result,
It is possible to efficiently perform electro-fracture by pulsed electric energy discharge.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for crushing a substance by pulse electric energy discharge according to the sixth aspect, each of the electrodes for preliminary hole drilling and crushing and the pulse generator 10 are connected to each other. It is designed to be used for drilling and crushing.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the electrode for pre-hole drilling and crushing and the pulse generator are shared during pre-hole drilling and crushing, more efficient crushing becomes possible. In this case, by switching the output waveform of the pulse generator between for preliminary hole drilling and crushing,
It becomes possible.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for crushing a substance by pulse electric energy discharge according to the sixth aspect, at least two or more preliminary drilling holes for simultaneously drilling at least two or more preliminary holes 4 are provided. Two or more different pre-holes, comprising: said electrode and at least two or more said crushing electrodes inserted into said two or more different preliminary holes 4 and between which said high-voltage pulse is applied. A structure is employed in which a discharge current flows between the electrodes inserted in 4 to crush the substance.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, a preliminary hole is formed simultaneously with at least two or more electrodes, and a discharge is performed between different crushing electrodes inserted into the different preliminary holes, thereby forming a gap between the preliminary holes and the vicinity thereof. Can be crushed in a wide range.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for generating a high-voltage pulse for crushing a substance by a pulse electric energy discharge in which a high-voltage pulse is applied to an electrode and a substance to be crushed is excavated or crushed by a discharge current at the electrode. In each of at least two capacitors having different capacitances, energy is stored at different terminal voltage values, and the energy of the capacitor on the side stored at a high voltage is applied to the electrodes at the initial stage of discharge at the time of dielectric breakdown of a substance. After discharging, the energy of the capacitor on the side stored at a lower voltage than the above is continuously discharged.

According to the tenth aspect of the invention, in the initial stage of the discharge at the time of dielectric breakdown of the substance to be broken, the energy of the capacitor stored at a high voltage is discharged to facilitate the discharge. Thereafter, by discharging a larger amount of energy stored at a lower voltage, a larger amount of energy required for crushing can be input. Therefore,
Electrocrushing can be performed efficiently.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high-voltage pulse generator for crushing a substance by pulse electric energy discharge in which a high-voltage pulse is applied to an electrode and a substance to be crushed is excavated or crushed by a discharge current at the electrode. , Two DC power supplies having different output voltage values, a first capacitor in which energy is stored from a high-voltage power supply among the DC power supplies, and an energy from a power supply whose voltage in the DC power supply is lower than the above-described power supply. And a second capacitor having a capacity larger than the capacity of the first capacitor, and at least two or more trigger switch circuits for discharging the energy stored in the first or second capacitor at the electrodes. Is provided.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a capacitor having a capacitance different from that of the first capacitor, the first capacitor having a smaller capacitance stores energy from a high-voltage power supply, and has a larger capacitance than the first capacitor. The second capacitor stores energy from the lower voltage power supply. In the initial stage of discharge at the time of dielectric breakdown of the substance to be destroyed, the energy of the capacitor accumulated at a high voltage is discharged through the trigger switch circuit, so that the discharge becomes easy.
Further, thereafter, a larger amount of energy stored at a lower voltage is discharged by another trigger switch circuit, so that a large amount of energy required for crushing can be input. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform electrocrushing.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high-voltage pulse generator for crushing a substance by pulse electric energy discharge in which a high-voltage pulse is applied to an electrode, and a substance to be crushed is excavated or crushed by a discharge current at the electrode. , Two DC power supplies having different output voltage values, means for directly discharging the energy of the lower DC power supply of the two DC power supplies from the electrode, and Of these, a capacitor is provided that stores energy from a DC power supply having a higher voltage, and a trigger switch circuit that discharges the energy stored in the capacitor at the electrode.

According to the twelfth aspect, energy is stored in the capacitor from the DC power supply having the higher voltage. Then, at the initial stage of discharge at the time of dielectric breakdown of the substance to be destroyed, the energy of this capacitor is discharged via the trigger switch circuit, so that the discharge becomes easy. Further, thereafter, since the energy of the DC power supply having the lower voltage is discharged through means (for example, a resistor or the like) for directly discharging from the electrode, large energy required for crushing can be input. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform electrocrushing.

[0031]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a configuration of the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, an electrode 1 is an electrode used for both pre-hole drilling and main crushing, and is connected to a pulse generator 10. The pulse generator 10 outputs a high voltage pulse having a predetermined output waveform. Electrode 1
It comprises a cylindrical negative electrode 3 and a positive electrode 2 provided along the central axis of the negative electrode 3, and the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 are insulated by an insulator. The inside of the negative electrode 3 may be in a hollow state, or may be filled with the insulator. The positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 are connected to a pulse generator 10, respectively. The periphery of the tip of the electrode 1 is surrounded by a solution 9 having a predetermined insulation resistance.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a state of excavating a preliminary hole, and FIG. 3 shows a state of crushing. As shown in FIG. 2, when excavating a preliminary hole, a high voltage pulse is applied by bringing the tip of the electrode 1 into contact with the surface of a rock or the like. At this time, since the discharge current flowing between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 flows through the rock, it is possible to reliably excavate a hole in the rock. Further, since the discharge current flows only in the vicinity of the electrode 1, the excavated hole has a shape substantially similar to the outer shape of the electrode 1. Therefore, this hole can be used as the preliminary hole 4. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, at the time of crushing, the tip of the electrode 1 is separated from the bottom surface of the preliminary hole 4 to discharge in the solution 9 filled in the preliminary hole 4. At this time, a shock wave is generated due to the discharge current flowing through the solution 9, and the shock wave propagates through the solution 9 and spreads in the lateral direction of the preliminary hole 4. The energy of the shock wave crushes the rock extensively. can do. Therefore, this crushing can be performed efficiently.

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, an example is shown in which the rise time of the high voltage pulse is controlled to control the path through which the discharge current flows. FIG. 4 shows a circuit configuration diagram of the pulse generator 10 of the present embodiment. The power supply 11 outputs a predetermined DC high voltage at a predetermined repetition frequency, and this output is applied to a capacitor 13 via a resistor 12. The terminal voltage of the capacitor 13 is applied to the capacitor 15 via the trigger switch circuit 14.
The trigger switch circuit 14 can be composed of a switch for high voltage and high current such as a thyratron tube and an inductance (coil). Further, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 15 is applied to the capacitor 17 via the magnetic switch 16, and the terminal voltage of the capacitor 17 is applied to the capacitor 19 via the magnetic switch 18. Here, the magnetic switch 16 and the capacitor 17
, The magnetic switch 18 and the capacitor 19 constitute a pulse compression circuit, which shortens the rise time of the input pulse voltage when rising and changes the pulse voltage sharply.

An output switch 20 is provided on the output side of the pulse compression circuit. The common terminal of the output switch 20 is connected to the positive electrode 2 of the electrode 1. One of the two output terminals of the output switch 20 is connected to the output of the capacitor 15, and the other output terminal is connected to the output of the capacitor 19. The output switch 20 selects the terminal voltage of the capacitor 15 and the terminal voltage of the capacitor 19, and applies the selected terminal voltage to the positive electrode 2 of the electrode 1. The other end of each of the capacitors 13, 15, 17, 19 and the negative electrode 3 of the electrode 1 are connected to the negative terminal of the power supply 11, respectively.

Here, the magnetic switches 16 and 18 are capable of magnetically switching the current, and are normally in an unsaturated state while the current flowing through the magnetic switch is small.
Its unsaturated inductance is very large.
When the value of the current flowing through the magnetic switch becomes larger than a predetermined value, the magnetic switch is saturated and the inductance becomes very small.

According to the pulse generator 10 having such a configuration, a pulse voltage waveform having a short rise time can be obtained as follows. First, during a predetermined time (repetition cycle time), the power supply 11
3, and accumulates electric charge at a predetermined voltage. Next, the switch of the trigger switch circuit 14 is turned on, and the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor 13 is transferred to the capacitor 15 via the trigger switch circuit 14. At this time, the coil in the trigger switch circuit 14 and these capacitors 13 and 15
The transfer of the charges is completed during a half cycle of the cycle time determined by the natural oscillation frequency of the LC oscillation circuit configured by the above. Since the magnitude of the unsaturated inductance of the magnetic switch 16 is set to be larger than the inductance of the coil in the trigger switch circuit 14 during the half cycle, almost all the charge of the capacitor 13 is stored in the capacitor 15. Transition. And when the charge transfer is completed,
The terminal voltage of the capacitor 15 reaches a peak value.

Thereafter, the value of the current flowing through the magnetic switch 16 increases and reaches a saturation state. Since the magnitude of the inductance of the magnetic switch 16 in the saturated state is set to be much smaller than the inductance of the coil in the trigger switch circuit 14,
In the next half cycle, the charge of the capacitor 15 is
And return to the capacitor 1 via the magnetic switch 16.
Move to 7. At this time, the transfer of the charge is completed during a half cycle of the oscillation cycle time of the LC oscillation circuit constituted by the saturation inductance of the magnetic switch 16 and the capacitors 15 and 17. In this case as well, the magnitude of the unsaturated inductance of the magnetic switch 18 is set so as to be larger than the saturation inductance of the magnetic switch 16 during the above half cycle.
Almost all of the charge of 5 is transferred to the capacitor 17. When the charge transfer is completed, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 17 reaches a peak value.

Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, the magnetic switch 1
Since the magnitude of the saturation inductance of 8 is set to be much smaller than the saturation inductance of the magnetic switch 16, the charge of the capacitor 17 does not return to the capacitor 15 but passes through the magnetic switch 18 in the next half cycle. Then, the process proceeds to the capacitor 19. At this time, the transfer of the charge is completed during a half cycle of the oscillation cycle time of the LC oscillation circuit constituted by the saturation inductance of the magnetic switch 18 and the capacitors 17 and 19. Capacitor 13,
Assuming that the sizes of 15, 17, and 19 are respectively equal,
The half cycle time when the charge of the capacitor 13 sequentially shifts to the next-stage capacitor becomes shorter. Therefore, the rise time of the voltage when the charge is accumulated in the capacitor 19 is shorter than the rise time of the voltage when the charge is accumulated in the capacitor 15. 5 and 6 show examples of voltage waveforms of the capacitors 15 and 19 at this time. Thus, by the pulse compression circuit,
The rise of the pulse voltage can be made faster.

Then, the output changeover switch 20 switches between the voltage of the capacitor 15 and the voltage of the capacitor 19 to select the rising time of the pulse voltage applied to the electrode 1. Further, by switching the rising time of the pulse voltage, the solution 9 can be changed for the following reason.
It is possible to select whether to discharge in a rock or discharge in a rock. This is similar to the previous embodiment.
This means that the same electrode 1 can be used to drill the preliminary hole 4 or to perform the main crushing.

FIG. 7 shows a general relationship between the rise time of the applied pulse voltage and the withstand voltage of each insulator when the pulse voltage is applied. Here, the horizontal axis represents the rise time of the applied pulse voltage (usually indicated by the time required to increase from 10% to 90% of the maximum value of the pulse voltage),
The vertical axis represents the withstand voltage, and the horizontal axis represents a semi-logarithmic scale with a logarithmic scale. In the figure, curves 41 and 4
Numerals 2 and 43 represent characteristics of water, marble and sandstone, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, when, for example, water is used as the solution 9, the withstand voltage of rock such as marble or sandstone is smaller than that of water when the rise time of the pulse voltage is short. Therefore, at this time, the discharge current flows more easily in the rock than in the solution (water), and thus it is suitable for digging the preliminary hole 4 in the rock or crushing the rock deeply. In the above description, when the rising time of the pulse voltage is long, the withstand voltage of rocks such as marble and sandstone has a higher withstand voltage than water. Therefore,
In this case, the discharge current flows more easily in the solution (water) than in the rock, and therefore, it is suitable for crushing a wide area by the shock wave of the solution.

As described above, even when the same solution 9 is used, the rise time of the applied pulse voltage, the withstand voltage of the component such as rock to be crushed, By changing the rise time of the pulse voltage to be applied, the path of the discharge current can be selected from the relationship with the dielectric breakdown voltage. This is the solution 9
This is the reason why it is possible to select whether to discharge in a rock or to discharge in a rock. In the present embodiment,
An example is shown in which a single pulse generator 10 includes several circuits capable of generating pulse waveforms having different rising times, and the rising time of a high-voltage pulse is changed by switching this output circuit. ing. However, the configuration is not limited to this. For example, pulse generators for generating pulse waveforms having different rise times are separately provided, and the output voltage is switched between preliminary drilling and crushing. You may. At this time, the electrodes may be different for pre-hole drilling and crushing, or the same electrode may be used in common.

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment shows an example in which the applied energy is increased by changing the pulse voltage waveform. FIG.
1 shows a circuit configuration diagram of the pulse generator 10 according to the present embodiment. The power supplies 21 and 31 are DC power supplies that output predetermined voltages V1 and V2, respectively, and the predetermined voltages V1 and V2 are set so as to satisfy the expression “V1 <V2”. (For example, V1 = 30 KV, V2 = 200
KV) The output of the power supply 21 is connected to the capacitor 2 via the resistor 22.
3, and the output voltage of the capacitor 23 is applied to the capacitor 25 via the trigger switch circuit 24. Then, the output voltage of the capacitor 25 is applied to the positive electrode 2 of the electrode 1 via the coil 26. The output of the power supply 31 is applied to the capacitor 33 via the resistor 32, and the output voltage of the capacitor 33 is applied to the capacitor 35 via the trigger switch circuit. The output voltage of the capacitor 35 is applied to the positive electrode 2. The capacitors 23 and 25
Is larger than the capacitors 33 and 35. Similarly to the previous embodiment, the trigger switch circuits 24 and 34 are provided with a series circuit of a switch composed of, for example, a thyratron and a coil having a predetermined inductance.

FIG. 9 shows an output voltage waveform from the pulse generator 10 having the above configuration, and the operation of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. When the voltage V1 is output from the power supply 21, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 23 becomes approximately V after a predetermined time.
1 and a predetermined amount of charge is stored in the capacitor 23. When the voltage V2 is output from the power supply 31,
After a predetermined time, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 33 becomes substantially equal to V2, and a predetermined amount of charge is stored in the capacitor 33.
When the switch of the trigger switch circuit 24 is turned on, the electric charge of the capacitor 23 is transferred to the capacitor 25,
As shown in FIG. 9, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 25 substantially reaches V1. At this time, since the inductance of the coil in the trigger switch circuit 24 is set to be smaller than the inductance of the coil 26, the capacitor 2
Almost all of the charge of 3 moves to the capacitor 25 with a natural oscillation period determined by the capacitance of the capacitors 23 and 25 and the inductance of the coil in the trigger switch circuit 24.

Next, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 25 becomes approximately V1.
When the switch of the trigger switch circuit 34 is turned on when the voltage reaches the threshold voltage, the charge of the capacitor 33 is transferred to the capacitor 35, and as shown in FIG.
It becomes 2. At this time, since the inductance of the coil in the trigger switch circuit 34 is set to be smaller than the inductance of the coil 26, almost all the electric charge of the capacitor 33 is transferred to the capacitor 35. Since the capacities of the capacitors 33 and 35 are smaller than the capacities of the capacitors 23 and 25, assuming that the inductances of the respective coils in the trigger switch circuits 24 and 34 are equal, the transfer time of the charge to the capacitor 35 is equal to that of the aforementioned capacitor. 25 faster than the transition time. Therefore, the rising speed of the terminal voltage of the capacitor 35 increases.
As a result, a pulse voltage having a high peak voltage value (equal to V2) and a short rise time is applied between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, and dielectric breakdown easily occurs.

As described above, when the terminal voltage of the capacitor 35 decreases after the discharge is started by the electric charge of the capacitor 35, the electric charge of the capacitor 25 passes through the coil 26 for a predetermined oscillation cycle time. 35. As a result, the charge of the capacitor 25 is discharged from the electrode 1 slowly over a longer time than the discharge of the peak voltage pulse. Since the capacity of the capacitor 25 is larger than the capacitor 35, the amount of charge (energy) stored in the capacitor 25 is large, and
The discharge energy input to the rock is increased. As a result, a wide range of rocks can be crushed, and efficient electrocrushing can be performed.

The method of using the electrode 1 at this time is shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. Here, an example is shown in which each of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 of the electrode 1 has a rod shape. As shown in FIG. 10, the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 of the electrode 1 connected to the pulse generator 10 may be inserted at a predetermined distance into one spare hole 4 filled with the solution 9. At this time, a shock wave is generated by discharging with the solution 9,
A large amount can be crushed in a wide range around the preliminary hole 4. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 11, the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 may be separately inserted into at least two or more different preliminary holes 4, and the pulse generator 10 may be connected between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3. As a result, an electric current flows through the rock or the like between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, and the crushing is performed. In this case, according to the pulse generator 10 described in the present embodiment, a large amount of energy is supplied to the rock in a slow discharge time after the insulation of the rock or the like is broken by the high voltage pulse having a fast rise. Therefore, it is possible to increase the breaking force of the electro-fracture.

Next, based on FIG. 12 and FIG.
An embodiment will be described. FIG. 12 shows a circuit configuration diagram of the pulse generator 10 according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 12, the same components as those in FIG.
The description here is omitted. The output voltages V1 of the power supplies 21 and 31,
V2 is set so as to satisfy the expression “V1 <V2” as described above. The output of the power supply 21 is applied to the capacitor 35 via the resistor 27, and the output voltage of the capacitor 35 is applied to the positive electrode 2 of the electrode 1. The output of the power supply 31 is applied to the capacitor 33 via the resistor 32, and the output voltage of the capacitor 33 is applied to the capacitor 35 via the trigger switch circuit.

FIG. 13 shows an output voltage waveform of the above-described pulse generator 10, and the operation of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. When the voltage V1 is output from the power supply 21,
A current flows to the capacitor 35 via the resistor 27, and after a predetermined time, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 35 becomes substantially equal to V1, and a predetermined amount of charge is accumulated in the capacitor 35. At this time, the voltage between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 is equal to the voltage V1, but since the voltage is low, the discharge has not started yet.
When the voltage V2 is output from the power supply 31, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 33 becomes substantially equal to V2 after a predetermined time,
A predetermined amount of charge is stored in the capacitor 33. Next, when the switch of the trigger switch circuit 34 is turned on, the electric charge of the capacitor 33 is transferred to the capacitor 35, and the terminal voltage of the capacitor 35 rises to V2 as shown in FIG.
At this time, since the inductance of the coil in the trigger switch circuit 34 is set to be smaller than the resistance 27, almost all the electric charge of the capacitor 33 is transferred to the capacitor 35. Since the capacitances of the capacitors 33 and 35 are sufficiently small, the transfer time of the electric charges to the capacitor 35 is short. Therefore, the rising speed of the terminal voltage of the capacitor 35 increases. As a result, the peak voltage value between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 is equal to V2,
In addition, a pulse voltage having a short rise time is applied, the insulation is broken, and discharge is started.

As described above, when the terminal voltage of the capacitor 35 decreases after the discharge is started by the charge of the capacitor 35, the charge is accumulated in the capacitor 35 from the power supply 21 via the resistor 27. Since the insulation between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 is broken, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 35 becomes V1
, The discharge is continued. With this, it takes time more slowly than the discharge of the peak voltage pulse,
Electric charges from the power supply 21 are discharged from the electrode 1. Thereby, the discharge energy input to the rock is increased. As a result, a wide range of rocks can be crushed, and efficient electrocrushing can be performed.

Next, an example in which a plurality of preliminary holes are excavated and crushed over a wide area according to the fifth embodiment will be described. FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are explanatory diagrams of usage examples of the electrode of the present embodiment. In this embodiment, a plurality of preliminary holes 4 are first excavated as shown in FIG. At this time, the same electrode 1 may be used repeatedly to excavate, or
Drilling may be performed simultaneously using more than one electrode 1 and the pulse generator 10 connected to each electrode 1. Then, as shown in FIG. 15, separate crushing electrodes 1 are inserted into the two preliminary holes 4 respectively. At this time, changeover switches 45 and 46 are provided between each of the crushing electrodes 1 and each of the pulse generators 10a and 10b, and the changeover switch 45 respectively controls the negative electrode 3a of one electrode 1a and the negative electrode of the pulse generator 10a. The disconnection is possible, and the switch 46 allows disconnection between the positive electrode 2b of the other electrode 1b and the positive electrode of the pulse generator 10b. According to this configuration, at the time of crushing, the changeover switches 45, 46
Are turned off, and either one of the pulse generators 1
When a high voltage pulse is output from 0 (10a side in FIG. 15), a discharge current flows between the positive electrode 2a and the negative electrode 3b in both electrodes 1. As a result, a discharge current flows through the rock or the like between the two preliminary holes, so that a large amount of material can be crushed in a wide range.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a crushing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention when excavating a preliminary hole.

FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory view of the crushing device according to the present invention at the time of crushing.

FIG. 4 is a circuit configuration diagram of a pulse generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows an example of an output voltage waveform of the pulse generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows an example of an output voltage waveform of the pulse generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a general relationship between the rise time of a pulse voltage and the withstand voltage of each insulator according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of a pulse generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows an example of an output voltage waveform of the pulse generator according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method of using an electrode according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method of using an electrode according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram of a pulse generator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 shows an example of an output voltage waveform of the pulse generator according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method of using an electrode according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method of using an electrode according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 electrode 2 positive electrode 3 negative electrode 4 preliminary hole 9 solution 10 pulse generator 11, 21, 31 power supply 12, 22, 27, 32 resistor 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25, 33, 35 capacitor 14 trigger switch circuit 16 , 18 Magnetic switch 20 Output switch 24, 34 Trigger switch circuit 26 Coil 41, 42, 43 Curve 45, 46 Switch

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. An electrode is inserted into a preliminary hole 4 provided in a material to be crushed, the periphery of the electrode is filled with a solution 9, a high-voltage pulse is applied to the electrode, and a discharge current at the electrode causes a discharge current to flow through the material. In the method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge for crushing, a discharge current is passed through the electrode for preliminary hole drilling to form a preliminary hole 4 in the substance, and then the electrode for crushing is inserted into the preliminary hole 4. A method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge, characterized in that a discharge current is passed through the crushing electrode to crush the substance. 2. A method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to claim 1, wherein a discharge current flows through the substance during preliminary drilling, and a discharge current flows into the solution 9 during crushing. A method of crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge, characterized by flowing. 3. The method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to claim 1, wherein the discharge current is increased by changing a rising time of the high-voltage pulse between pre-drilling and crushing. A method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge, wherein the method is selected to flow into the solution or the solution 9. 4. The method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to claim 1, wherein at the time of excavating a preliminary hole, a tip of the electrode is brought into contact with the substance to flow a discharge current through the substance. A method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge, wherein a discharge current is caused to flow through the solution 9 by separating the tip of the electrode from the substance at the time of crushing. 5. The method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to claim 1, wherein at least two or more of the preliminary holes 4 are formed by using at least two of the electrodes, and A method for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge, wherein said electrodes are inserted into the plurality of preliminary holes 4 and high voltage pulses are applied between the different electrodes. 6. An electrode inserted into a preliminary hole 4 formed in a substance to be crushed, a solution 9 filling the periphery of the electrode, and a pulse generator 10 for applying a high-voltage pulse to the electrode. An apparatus for crushing a substance by pulsed electrical energy discharge for crushing the substance by a discharge current at an electrode, wherein the electrode for preliminary hole drilling and the electrode for crushing are characterized by being provided with the electrode for crushing. Material crushing equipment. 7. The apparatus for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to claim 6, further comprising a pulse generator 10 for preliminary hole drilling and crushing, which outputs the high voltage pulses having different rising times. A material crushing device using pulsed electric energy discharge. 8. The apparatus for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to claim 6, wherein said electrodes for pre-hole drilling and crushing and the pulse generator 10 are shared during pre-hole drilling and crushing. An apparatus for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge. 9. The apparatus for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge according to claim 6, wherein at least two or more electrodes for preliminary excavation for simultaneously drilling at least two or more preliminary holes 4; At least two or more crushing electrodes to be inserted into the different preliminary holes 4 and between which the high-voltage pulse is applied, and the electrodes inserted into the two or more different preliminary holes 4 An apparatus for crushing a substance by pulsed electric energy discharge, wherein a substance is crushed by passing a discharge current therebetween. 10. A high-voltage pulse generating method for crushing a substance by a pulse electric energy discharge in which a high-voltage pulse is applied to an electrode and a substance to be crushed is excavated or crushed by a discharge current at the electrode, wherein the high-voltage pulses have different capacities. At least two capacitors store energy at different terminal voltage values, respectively.
After discharging the energy of the capacitor on the side stored at a high voltage at the initial stage of discharge at the time of dielectric breakdown of the substance, the energy of the capacitor on the side stored at a lower voltage is continuously discharged. A high-voltage pulse generation method, characterized in that: 11. A high-voltage pulse generator for crushing a substance by a pulse electric energy discharge in which a high-voltage pulse is applied to an electrode, and a substance to be crushed is excavated or crushed by a discharge current at the electrode. Two DC power supplies, a first capacitor for storing energy from a high-voltage power supply of the DC power supplies, and a first capacitor for storing energy from a power supply having a lower voltage among the DC power supplies, A second capacitor having a capacity larger than the capacity of the capacitor, and at least two or more trigger switch circuits for discharging the energy stored in the first or second capacitor at the electrodes. High voltage pulse generator. 12. A high voltage pulse generator for crushing a substance by a pulse electric energy discharge in which a high voltage pulse is applied to an electrode and a substance to be crushed is excavated or crushed by a discharge current at the electrode, wherein different output voltage values are obtained. Means for directly discharging the energy of the low-voltage DC power supply of the two DC power supplies from the electrode; and energy from the high-voltage DC power supply of the two DC power supplies. And a trigger switch circuit for discharging the energy stored in the capacitor at the electrode.