JPH1020856A - Automatic player, automatic playing method and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to easily and automatically reproduce the musical pieces of different playing forms and to efficiently learn the musical pieces of the different playing forms. SOLUTION: A musical ROM 102 stores the playing data added with the differential data between the playing data of the musical pieces for learning and the playing data of the musical pieces for appreciation by every music data (event data) to a standard data with the playing data of the musical pieces for learning as the standard playing data. A CPU 10 changes the weighting to reflect the differential data to the data of the musical piece-components for learning according to the present tempo value by executing the program of a program ROM 108, forms control commands from the music data (event data) according to the weighing and determines the timing for outputting the control commands. The control commands are outputted to a sound source device 104 according to this timing, by which the musical pieces for learning and the musical pieces in the playing form between the musical pieces for appreciation are automatically reproduced according to the tempo value.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention performs an automatic performance by using performance data constituted by adding timing data (time information) to event data indicating the contents of various events such as note-on and control change. For technology.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In an electronic musical instrument such as an electronic keyboard, an automatic performance function (automatic performance device) for automatically reproducing music by sequentially generating musical tones is widely mounted. With this automatic performance function, the user can listen to music and enjoy ensemble with automatic performance.

[0003] Automatic performance by the automatic performance function is performed by sequentially generating a tone generation command based on performance data, and generating a tone with the generated tone generation command. The performance data is configured by adding timing data (time information) to data (event data) indicating the contents of various events such as note-on, note-off, and control change.
A sounding instruction (here, also including other types of instructions relating to automatic performance) is generated from event data, and the timing of processing the event data is managed by timing data added thereto. Based on the timing data, the musical tones constituting the music are generated at a preset timing.

[0004] The music to be automatically played is one that faithfully reproduces in accordance with a musical notation written on a musical score or the like (hereinafter, the information given thereby is referred to as music notation information) and one that reflects elements generally called fluctuations. It can be broadly divided into two types of performance forms, that is, a reproduction form. Usually, the latter is a form in which the player actually plays. In general, the user selects the former when emphasis is placed on practice or the like, and selects the latter when emphasizing appreciation. Hereinafter, in order to distinguish the above two forms of music, the former is referred to as a practice music and the latter as an ornamental music.
The former is referred to as practice performance data, and the latter is referred to as ornamental performance data.

The fluctuation element is a musical inflection such as a difference in strength of a musical tone obtained as compared with the music notation information and a deviation of a sounding timing. The event data and time data need to be changed depending on the presence or absence of such a fluctuating element. For this reason, the performance data has been created for each performance type of music. However, a conventional electronic musical instrument (automatic performance device) is prepared by selecting only one of practice performance data and ornamental performance data in consideration of a product concept, an assumed user layer, and the like. For this reason,
There is a problem that the user can practice, watch, etc., only one of the practice music and the ornamental music.

[0006] When it is desired to practice a practice song with an electronic musical instrument (automatic performance device) in which the ornamental song is prepared, the user listens to the sample of the ornamental song as a sample, and the user can see the overall flow of the performance. It is possible to figure out. However, the fluctuating elements involved often hinder the learning of techniques for expressing the details of the performance. Of course, the same problem occurs in the opposite case.

By the way, in music, the music expression for the same music often differs greatly from one player to another. As can be seen, there are usually many small differences between the practice song and the ornamental song. Due to the difference, even if both performance data for practice and ornamental data are prepared so that the user can arbitrarily select (play) the data, the user can practice with the practice music or the ornamental music and then practice the other. It is expected to be very difficult to do.

[0008] Automatic performance devices such as sequencers include:
Usually, a function is provided for a user to create performance data or to change performance data including performance data created by another device (hereinafter, this function is referred to as an editing function). By using this editing function, it is possible to obtain a plurality of performance data having different contents (forms) of the same music. However, in order to obtain them, a complicated and time-consuming operation must be performed. As described above, acquiring (creating) performance data having different performance forms using the editing function involves another problem that it is very troublesome, and is not practical.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to make it possible to easily and automatically reproduce music having different playing styles and to efficiently practice music having different playing styles.

[0010]

An automatic performance device according to the present invention performs an automatic performance by sequentially generating a tone generation instruction based on performance data constituted by adding time data to event data. And a performance data storage means for storing performance data for reproducing the same music in a plurality of performance forms, and using the performance data stored in the performance data storage means, any one of the plurality of performance forms. Or automatic performance means for automatically performing music in a performance form among a plurality of performance forms.

In the above configuration, the performance data stored in the performance data storage means is replaced with reference performance data for reproducing the music in the reference performance mode, and music data in another performance mode different from the reference performance mode. The automatic performance means is configured to add a difference data with the other form performance data for playing back, and the automatic performance means changes one of the plurality of performance forms by changing a weight for reflecting the difference data to the reference performance data. Alternatively, it is desirable to automatically play music in a performance form among a plurality of performance forms. Further, it is desirable that the automatic performance means changes the weighting of the difference data according to the designation by the predetermined designation means.

According to the automatic performance method of the present invention, in addition to reference performance data for reproducing music in a reference performance form, other form performance data for reproducing the same music in another performance form different from the reference performance form; And preparing at least one of the difference data between the other form performance data and the reference performance data,
By sequentially generating sounding instructions based on the reference performance data and one of the other performance data and the difference data, the musical composition is performed in one of the reference performance mode and the other performance mode, or a performance mode therebetween. Is played automatically.

[0013] The storage medium of the present invention is constituted by adding time data to event data, and stores the same reference performance data for reproducing music in the reference performance mode in another performance mode different from the reference performance mode. It stores performance data formed by adding difference data with other form performance data for reproducing music.

According to the present invention, performance data for automatically reproducing at least two identical musical compositions are prepared, and based on the performance data, two musical compositions and further musical compositions between them are prepared. To generate a pronunciation instruction. This allows
It is possible to automatically reproduce music in various performance modes with a small performance data amount.

According to the present invention, a tone generation command for automatically reproducing music in a performance form not prepared in advance is generated. It is also possible to generate a pronunciation command for automatically reproducing a music in a performance mode other than between the performance modes. However, since the prepared performance mode can be faithfully reproduced, it is desirable that the performance mode be meaningful (high importance) for the user. When the performance data of such a performance form is prepared, when the user practices the performance form or the like,
Usually, the performance form to be made reproducible is a period including those.

The performance data is created by adding difference data from one performance data (reference performance data) of the two performance forms to the other performance data. As a result, since the difference between them is relatively small, it is possible to automatically reproduce the music in the two performance forms and the music in the performance form between them with a small amount of data.

The reference performance data may include not only one form of difference data but also a plurality of performance form difference data. The difference data is a difference in an event between performance modes. The number of parameters (note number, sounding timing, pitch bend shift amount, etc.) required to represent the event varies depending on the type of event,
There are multiple. At least one of them is adopted as the difference data.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an automatic performance device to which the present embodiment is applied.

As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic performance device includes an input switch group 101 composed of various switches such as a tempo switch and a mode switch, a music ROM 102 storing performance data used for automatic performance (accompaniment), and a PCM, for example.
A waveform ROM 103 storing waveform data of musical tones in a (pulse code modulation) system, a tone generator 104 for reading waveform data from the waveform ROM 103, converting the waveform data into an analog waveform signal, and outputting the analog waveform signal, an amplifier, a speaker, and the like. Sound system 105 and CP for controlling the entire apparatus
U106 and a display device 10 for displaying the setting status of the device
7, a program ROM 108 storing programs and various control data, and a work RAM 109 used by the CPU 106 for work.

The operation of the above configuration will be described. When the power of the apparatus is turned on, the CPU 106 reads a program from the program ROM 108 and executes the program to start control of the entire apparatus. The control is performed using the work RAM 109 as a work area. The work RAM 109 stores data indicating various settings such as the currently set mode, tempo, and performance data (song) selected for automatic performance.

For example, a voltage is applied to various switches constituting the input switch group 101, and the operation state of each switch is notified to the CPU 101 as a change in voltage value. The CPU 101 determines the operation state from the voltage value for each switch, and based on the determination result, sets the mode, the music to be automatically played (accompanied), and changes the tempo, tone, and the like. In addition, the display device 107 is controlled to display the setting states thereof, thereby notifying the user of the contents of the operation performed by the user, the current setting contents, and the like.

The music ROM 102 has an automatic performance (accompaniment).
Music data for each song is stored. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of performance data stored in the music ROM 102. Here, the configuration of the performance data will be described with reference to FIG.

The performance data of one music constitutes one file, and the performance data is managed on a file basis and the music RO
It is stored in M102. One performance data file is
As shown in FIG. 2A, the file includes a header section in which basic information on performance data of the file is stored, and a music data section in which data for actually reproducing music is stored.

In order to avoid confusion, hereinafter, the performance data stored in the music data section constituting the file will be referred to as music data. The performance data means all data stored as a file unless otherwise specified.

The information stored in the header section includes a song title, a tempo, and a start address.
), End address and the like. The tempo among them is a value of a tempo that is a reference when reproducing the music data of the file. Start address,
The end address is data indicating a range in which music data is stored.

The music data section stores music data in event units. The music data is roughly divided
It is composed of event data, timing data (time information) of the event data, and data of a change (difference) of the timing data (hereinafter referred to as difference data). The music ROM 102 can store, for example, one music data in a storage area of one address.

FIG. 2B shows the structure of various music data. In FIG. 2B, each frame represents one byte of data, and characters or symbols (symbols) shown in each frame generally represent the contents of the data of the byte. In the various music data shown in FIG.
In the figure, the leftmost three bytes constitute event data, the three bytes following the event data constitute timing data, and the remaining two bytes following the timing data constitute difference data.

The event data is MIDI (Musical In
instrument Digital Interface) standard.
The data of the first byte is a channel message indicating the type of the event data. The sound data in FIG. 2 (b-1) indicates note-on event data of channel N since the channel message (data of the first byte) is “9Nh” (h indicates a hexadecimal number). ing. Since the channel message of the vendor data in FIG. 2 (b-2) is "ENh" and that of the control data in FIG. 2 (b-3) is "CNh", respectively, the pitch wheel change and the program change of the channel N are performed. Shows the event data. The channel message is followed by a number of data bytes according to the type of the channel message. For example, in the sounding data of FIG. 2 (b-1), a note number (“nn” in the frame) is added after the channel message.
Indicates an arbitrary note number), and data bytes indicating velocity (“Vv” in the frame indicates an arbitrary velocity value). In the control data (event is a program change) in FIG. 2B-3, the data byte following the channel message is one byte.

The 3-byte timing data following the event data, that is, "L" shown in the frame in FIG.
“x”, “Mx”, and “Hx” are symbols that generally represent the data value of each byte, “Lx”, “Mx”,
“Hx” indicates the timing in the beat, the lower part of the number of beats from the beginning, and the value of the upper part of the number of beats. That is, “Lx”, “Mx”, and “Hx” indicate the timing of reproducing the contents of the event data in absolute time. The lower 7 bits of these 3-byte data are valid, and “Lx”, “Mx”, and “Hx” are values in a range that can be expressed by 7 bits. Therefore, the maximum value of the number of beats is 16129 (= 127 × 127). “Lx” is a value representing the timing in the beat by the number of clocks whose period is determined by the resolution.

In the two-byte difference data following the timing data, the first byte on the front side has a sign (“00” is positive and “01” is negative), and the remaining one byte indicates a deviation from the timing data. I have. The deviation is indicated by the number of clocks as in the case of “Lx”. When the sign is positive, the shift direction is a direction that is later than the timing data, and when the sign is negative, it is a direction that is earlier than the timing data. Hereinafter, the first byte data of the differential data is referred to as code data, and the second byte data is referred to as change amount data.

In the present embodiment, timing data is created in accordance with notation information, and difference data is defined as a difference between the timing data (practice music) and that of a performance form having ornamental elements (appreciation music). I have. Therefore, both the practice music and the ornamental music can be reproduced depending on whether or not the difference data is reflected in the timing data. Also, by changing the degree (weighting) in which the difference data is reflected, the music to be reproduced can be arbitrarily changed between them. The music can be played in a performance form other than during that time.

The difference data may be a value obtained by subtracting the music data of one performance mode from that of the other performance mode, or may be a value expressing the difference between them in a ratio. . Alternatively, the data may be encoded using an encoding method such as DPCM.

Naturally, even if the performance data of the music pieces of the two performance forms are prepared, the music piece of the performance form between them can be arbitrarily reproduced. However, the data amount of one file is obtained by increasing the difference data added in event data units from the data amount of the music piece in one performance mode. Is very small compared to the data volume of As is evident from this, by adding the difference data to the performance data of the music in one performance mode, it is possible to reproduce the music in which the fluctuation element is variously changed while suppressing the performance data amount. Become.

In this embodiment, only the difference data between one ornamental music and the practice music is added to the performance data of the practice music. For each music piece for viewing, difference data between the music piece for practice and the music piece for practice may be obtained, and the difference data may be added to the performance data of the music piece for practice. Further, as the storage medium for storing the performance data, a ROM pack which can be arbitrarily attached to and detached from the apparatus may be employed instead of the music ROM 102 provided in advance in the apparatus as in the present embodiment. When a system (automatic playing device) is constructed using a personal computer, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM,
A storage medium such as an MO may be employed. Furthermore, performance data may be distributed from an external device.

Returning to the description of FIG. The performance data having the above-described configuration is read from the music ROM 102 when the user operates the mode switch for setting the mode of the input switch group 101 to set the automatic performance mode. For example, different numbers are assigned to the prepared performance data, that is, the songs, and the user can select desired performance data (songs) by operating, for example, ten keys of the input switch group 101. It has become. When the user designates the start of the automatic performance after selecting some performance data (song), the CPU 106 sequentially reads out the performance data selected by the user from the music ROM 102 in music data units and starts reproduction thereof. Music reproduction, that is, automatic performance, is realized by generating a control command based on event data and difference data, and outputting the generated control command to the tone generator 104 at timing based on the timing data and difference data. Is done.

The tone generator 104 makes various settings in accordance with the control commands output from the CPU 106. If the control command is a sounding command, after reading the waveform data from the waveform ROM 103 at the speed specified by the sounding command and performing a process according to the preset contents, such as adding a sound effect, , D /
A conversion is performed and output to the sound system 105.

The above is the outline of the operation. Next, the automatic reproduction of music using the performance data shown in FIG. 2 will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the change of the sounding timing according to the tempo. This FIG.
FIG. 3A shows a state in which the sounding (starting) timing of a tone to be sounded by the sounding data shown in FIG. 3A is changed according to the tempo. With reference to FIG. 3, a method of changing the tone generation timing according to the present embodiment will be specifically described.

Normally, when performing with an automatic performance, the user sets the tempo slower than the reference tempo if the form (music) to be played is unfamiliar, and as the performance becomes possible, in other words, the performance technique improves. Set the tempo gradually faster as you play. In practice music and ornamental music, the practice music that is faithful to the music information is first practiced, and then the target ornamental music is practiced. The present embodiment focuses on these factors, and adjusts fluctuation factors in accordance with the tempo, that is, changes the sounding timing and the like.

The sound data shown in FIG. 3A is note-on event data of channel 1 since the channel message of the first byte is "90h". Since two data bytes having the value “60h” follow, the note number and velocity value are both “9”.
6d "(d indicates a decimal number).

In the timing data, the value of the second byte is "40h" and all other bytes are "00h". Therefore, the sound generation timing according to the music notation information is the beginning of the 64th beat. On the other hand, in the difference data, the first byte is “00”.
h ”and the second byte are“ 40h ”, so the sounding timing of the ornamental music to be set as a model (target) is delayed by 64 clocks from the sounding timing according to the music notation information. It turns out that there is.

FIGS. 3B and 3C show the timing at which the musical tone specified by the event data is generated for each tempo. 3 (b) and 3 (c), the resolution (the number of clocks per beat) is 127 clocks, and the reference tempo (tempo when normally reproduced) is 120. Hereinafter, the reference tempo will be referred to as an ideal tempo because it is the tempo to be targeted by the user, and the tempo actually set by the user will be referred to as the actual tempo.

In this embodiment, the difference data is linearly weighted according to the difference between the actual tempo value and the ideal tempo value. When the actual tempo value matches the ideal tempo value, the difference data is directly reflected on the timing data.
For this reason, as shown in FIG.
0, that is, when the actual tempo value matches the ideal tempo value, the tone generation timing is set to 64 (= 4
0h) Clock. When the actual tempo value is 60, as shown in FIG. 3C, the tone generation timing is 32 clocks of the 64th beat.

As described above, when the weight of the difference data is changed in accordance with the actual tempo value, that is, the musical fluctuation element to be added to the music is adjusted, the performance is automatically performed as the performance technique of the user improves. The song will be closer to the target state. For this reason, the user can perform an ensemble with the music reproduced in an appropriate state according to his or her skill level. This means that the user can perform an ensemble with a music piece that suits him only by performing a simple operation of setting the tempo. This also means that an increase in the number of switches for designating the state of the music to be reproduced is avoided, which means that the effect of reducing the cost of the apparatus can be obtained.

As described above, the tone generation timing of the musical tone is changed according to the actual tempo value. Similarly, for other types of music data, for example, the vendor data and control data shown in FIG. 2B, the timing at which the data is reflected in the automatic performance is changed according to the actual tempo value.

Next, the CP for realizing the automatic performance described above.
The operation of U106 will be described in detail with reference to various operation flowcharts shown in FIGS. The flowchart of these operations is as follows.
This is a process realized by reading a program from the program 08 and executing the program.

FIG. 4 is an operation flowchart of the automatic performance process. This automatic performance process is a subroutine process executed by a user setting an automatic performance mode, specifying performance data (song) to be reproduced, and then operating a start switch of an input switch group 101 for starting automatic performance. is there. First, the automatic performance process will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

Whether the automatic performance is performed or not is determined by the work R
The determination is made based on the value of the variable I held in the register in the AM 109 or the CPU 106. The variable I contains
During automatic performance, 1 is substituted, otherwise 0 is substituted. In step 401, which is executed first after shifting to the automatic performance processing, 0 is substituted for the variable I. After that, the processing shifts to the processing of step 402.

In step 402, it is determined whether or not the user has instructed the start of the automatic performance. If the user operates the start switch, the determination is YES and the process proceeds to step 403. Otherwise, the determination is no and the process moves to step 404.

In step 403, 1 is added to the variable I. That is, 1 indicating that the automatic performance is being performed is substituted for the variable I. After that, the processing shifts to the processing of step 405. In the other step 404, it is determined whether or not the value of the variable I is 1. That is, it is determined whether or not an automatic performance is currently being performed. If 1 has already been assigned to the variable I, the determination is YES and the process moves to step 405. Otherwise, the determination is NO and the series of processing ends.

At step 405, it is determined whether or not the automatic performance has stopped. The automatic performance is stopped by the operation of the stop switch of the input switch group 101 for specifying the completion of the reproduction of the music or the stop of the automatic performance. When the playback of the song is completed or the user operates the stop switch,
The determination is YES and the process moves to step 406. Otherwise, the determination is no and the process moves to step 407. Step 406 above
Then, 0 is substituted for the variable I, and thereafter, a series of processing ends.

In steps 407 to 413, a series of processes for generating a control command based on the actual tempo value and the music data read from the music ROM 102 and outputting the control command to the tone generator 104 are performed. By performing these processes, the sound source device 104 generates a waveform signal of a musical tone to be generated and generates a sound signal of the sound system 10.
5 and the music by automatic performance is output to the sound system 1
05 will be emitted.

First, in step 407, a process of reading the currently set tempo value from the work RAM 109 is performed. The tempo value is a parameter that can be arbitrarily changed by the user even during automatic performance.

In step 408 following step 407, one music data to be processed next is stored in the music ROM 102.
Read from The CPU 106 has a work RAM 109
A variable indicating an address at which music data to be processed next is stored. In step 408, the value of the variable is updated in synchronization with the reading of the music data. Thereby, the music data to be read from the music ROM 102 is managed.

In a step 409 following the step 408, a timing process for determining a timing for generating a tone of the music data read in the step 408 is executed. After that, the processing shifts to the processing of step 410.

In step 410, a dynamic data processing for determining the volume of the musical sound to be generated is executed. This dynamic data processing is based on the velocity value Vv, the difference data, and the actual tempo value, which are the third byte of the sound data.
This is a process for newly determining another velocity value (volume of a musical tone). When the dynamic data processing is completed, step 4
Then, the process proceeds to step S11.

In step 411, timbre data processing for determining the timbre of the musical tone is executed. This tone data processing
This is a process of changing the tone color of a musical tone based on the difference data and the actual tempo value. After the end of the process, step 412
Move to the processing of.

In step 412, the sound source device 1 transmits control data generated from music data other than sound data, for example, vendor data and control data (see FIG. 2).
Then, a control data timing process for determining the timing of output to the control unit 04 is executed. By ending this control data timing processing, acquisition of information for generating a control command to be output to the sound source device 104 and information for determining the timing of outputting the control command to the sound source device 104 are completed.

At step 413, steps 407-4
Based on the result of executing the series of processes of the sound source device 10
4 to generate a control command to be output to the tone generator 104 and output the control command to the tone generator 104 at the timing when the control command should be output. After that, the process returns to step 402.

The above steps 402 to 413 form a processing loop. The processing loop makes one round each time one piece of music data is processed, and by repeating the loop, the reproduction of music by automatic performance progresses. Hereinafter, various subroutine processes executed in the automatic performance process will be described in detail.

FIG. 5 is an operation flowchart of the tone generation timing process executed as step 409.
Next, the tone generation timing processing will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

First, in step 501, it is determined whether or not the music data obtained in step 408 of the automatic performance process is sound data. As shown in FIG. 2, the channel message of the music data differs depending on the type. Therefore, whether or not the music data is sound data is determined from whether or not the channel message is “9Nh” (N indicates an arbitrary channel). If the channel message is "9
If Nh ", the determination is YES and the process moves to step 502. Otherwise, the determination is NO and the series of processes ends.

In step 502, a tempo difference value T between the ideal tempo value (the tempo value stored in the header portion of the performance data (see FIG. 2)) and the actual tempo value (the currently set tempo value) is calculated. . In the following step 503,
Using the difference value T, a timing difference NΔ, which is a deviation of the tone generation timing from the timing data, that is, a deviation from the tone generation timing according to the music notation information is calculated. Specifically, assuming that the value of the change amount data (data of the second byte) indicated by the number of clocks in the difference data is Δ, the timing difference NΔ is a value obtained by multiplying the change amount data value Δ by the tempo difference value T. Is divided by the ideal tempo value. That is, N
Δ = Δ × T / ideal tempo value.

By executing the processing of step 503, the tone generation timing of the musical tone corresponding to the actual tempo value is determined. After ending the processing of step 503, a series of processing ends.

The tone generation timing of the determined musical tone is as follows.
This is a timing shifted from the time position indicated by the timing data to the side indicated by the code data (data of the first byte) in the difference data by the timing difference NΔ.

FIG. 6 shows a step 410 in the automatic performance processing.
7 is an operation flowchart of strong / weak data processing executed as (1). Next, the dynamic data processing will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

In the present embodiment, the volume of the musical tone to be generated is changed from the volume indicated by the velocity value in the event data in accordance with the tempo (strength is adjusted). The dynamic data processing is to change the volume of the musical tone and determine the volume at which the musical tone is generated. The determination of the volume of the musical sound is performed using the difference data in the music data.

First, in step 601, it is determined whether or not the music data obtained in step 408 of the automatic performance process is sound data. If the channel message of the music data is “9Nh”, the determination is YES and the process moves to step 602. If not, that is, if the music data is not the sound data, the determination is NO and the series of processing ends.

At step 602, it is determined whether or not the velocity value Vv in the sound data is "00h", that is, whether or not the sound data is a note-off event. If the velocity value Vv is “00h”, the determination is YES and the process moves to step 603. Otherwise, the determination is no and the process moves to step 604.

In step 603, since the velocity value Vv is "00h" and the sounding data is a note-off event, a mute process is performed to mute the tone indicated by the note number nn in the sounding data. Thereafter, a series of processing ends. Note that the actual tone is muted by the CPU.
Reference numeral 106 designates the tone generator 104 as a musical note number n.
This is realized by outputting a control command for instructing to mute the musical tone of n and its number.

In step 604, a tempo difference value T between the ideal tempo value and the actual tempo value (the currently set tempo value) is calculated. In the following step 605, a velocity value NV that specifies the volume at which the musical tone is actually generated is calculated using the difference value T. Its velocity value NV
After the calculation of is completed, a series of processing ends.

In this embodiment, as the actual tempo value departs from the ideal tempo value, it approaches the intermediate value 64 of the velocity value Vv expressed by 7 bits (127 steps). Therefore, the velocity value NV is a value obtained by subtracting 64 from the velocity value Vv obtained from the sound data, multiplying the subtraction result by the tempo difference value T, and multiplying the multiplication result by the ideal tempo value. Is calculated by adding to the intermediate value 64. That is, NV = 64 + (Vv−64) × T
/ Ideal tempo value.

In the equation for calculating the velocity value NV, the value of (Vv-64) indicates which side of the intermediate value 64 the tone volume of the musical tone should be. For this reason, the code data in the difference data is not used for determining the volume of the musical tone, and the volume of the musical tone is determined at the time when the velocity value NV is calculated.

FIG. 7 shows step 411 in the automatic performance processing.
9 is an operation flowchart of timbre data processing executed as (1). Next, the timbre data processing will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

In this embodiment, the timbre of the musical tone to be generated is changed according to the tempo. The actual change of the timbre is performed by changing the setting of the digital filter in the sound source device 104.

First, in step 701, it is determined whether or not the music data obtained in step 408 of the automatic performance processing is sound data. If the channel message of the music data is “9Nh”, the determination is YES and the process moves to step 702. If not, that is, if the music data is not the sound data, the determination is NO and the series of processing ends.

At step 702, it is determined whether or not the velocity value Vv in the sound data is "00h", that is, whether or not the sound data is a note-off event. If the velocity value Vv is “00h”, the determination is YES and the process moves to step 703. Otherwise, the determination is no and the process moves to step 704.

In step 703, since the sounding data is a note-off event, a silencing process is performed to mute the tone indicated by the note number nn in the sounding data. Thereafter, a series of processing ends. In step 704, a tempo difference value T between the ideal tempo value and the actual tempo value (currently set tempo value) is calculated. In the following step 705, using the difference value T, a velocity value NV for designating a volume at which a musical tone is actually produced is calculated in the same manner as in the above-mentioned dynamic data processing.

At step 706 following step 705, the setting contents of the filter for the musical sound to be generated are determined from the calculated velocity value NV. Since the filter setting content is output to the sound source device 104 as a numerical value (filter value), the process of step 706 is executed to determine the filter value. After the filter value is determined, a series of processing ends.

The rules for defining the relationship between the velocity value NV and the filter settings are stored in the program ROM 108. The velocity value NV is, as described above,
As the actual tempo value departs from the ideal tempo value, it approaches the intermediate value 64. For this reason, the setting content of the filter approaches the setting content corresponding to the intermediate velocity value 64 as the actual tempo value departs from the ideal tempo value.

FIG. 8 shows step 412 in the automatic performance processing.
9 is an operation flowchart of a control data timing process executed as (1). Next, the control data timing processing will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

As described above, this control data timing process is a process for processing music data other than sounding data, for example, vendor data and control data shown in FIG. The bender data is data for shifting the pitch of a musical tone being sounded, and the control data is data for switching a program (tone). As can be seen from this, the music data is control data for changing the settings of the entire performance. The control data timing process is a process of changing the timing of setting change by such control data according to the actual tempo value and determining the actual timing.

First, in step 801, it is determined whether or not the music data obtained in step 408 of the automatic performance processing is sound data. If the channel message of the music data is “9Nh”, the determination is YES and the series of processing ends. Otherwise, that is, if the music data is not sound data, the determination is NO.
Then, the process proceeds to step 802.

At step 802, a tempo difference value T between the ideal tempo value and the actual tempo value (the currently set tempo value) is calculated. In the following step 803, the difference value T
Is used to calculate a timing difference NΔ, which is a deviation of the processing timing from the timing data, that is, a deviation from the processing timing according to the music notation information. Specifically, assuming that the value of the change amount data indicated by the number of clocks in the difference data is Δ, the timing difference NΔ is obtained by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the change amount data value Δ by the tempo difference value T by an ideal tempo value. And calculate. That is, NΔ = Δ × T / ideal tempo value. After calculating the timing difference NΔ, a series of processing ends.

The timing difference NΔ calculated as described above is a timing difference shifted from the time position indicated by the timing data to the side indicated by the code data in the difference data. Therefore, by calculating the timing difference NΔ,
The processing timing of the music data (performance control data) (strictly, the timing at which the setting based on the music data is reflected on the tone generator 104) is determined.

In this embodiment, the music ROM 10
2 using the performance data stored in advance,
The ornamental music or the music in the form of performance between them is automatically played. However, the target ornamental music often differs from person to person. For this reason, the personal data of the user may be reflected in the performance data of the ornamental music. In such a case, the music in the form of performance between the ornamental music and the practice music is, for example, the work data created by the user as work data of the ornamental music.
AM 109, the performance data and the music ROM 1
This can be realized by generating music data (data of one event) corresponding to the actual tempo value from the reference performance data in the performance data stored in No. 02. Work RAM
The performance data stored in 109 is, of course, R
Performance data on a storage medium such as an OM pack or performance data output from an external device may be used.

Further, it stores the difference data created by the user or the difference data obtained from the performance data created by the user in the work RAM 109,
02 can be realized by using the difference data stored in the work RAM 109 instead of the difference data in the music data stored in the music data 02. When the latter is adopted, the user may be allowed to arbitrarily change the difference data in the music data stored in the music ROM 102. This makes it easy for the user to create the difference data.

In the present embodiment, the difference data to be added to the music data is basically only data (parameters) for changing the timing data. For example, for each type (parameter) of music data (event data), Difference data may be added to music data. In particular,
In addition to the difference data for changing the timing data, difference data for changing the velocity value may be further added in the sounding data. In the vendor data, the 2-byte bend change data following the channel message is used. (Represented by “vv” and “VV” in FIG. 2) may be further added to the difference data. Furthermore, a plurality of types (parameters) of difference data may be added, and the type (parameter) to be actually reflected in the automatic reproduction may be selected from the user.

In the present embodiment, when the music data is pronunciation data, the timbre of the musical tone is also changed based on the difference data. In other words, a plurality of parameters are changed from the difference data of one parameter. As described above, a plurality of parameters for reflecting one type of difference data may be provided, but only one parameter may be provided. When the difference data is reflected on a plurality of parameters, the user may be allowed to select a parameter on which the difference data is reflected. For example, if the device is provided with a function of adding timing inflection, volume inflection, and timbre inflection by reflecting the difference data, the user can select a desired one from these functions. good.

Although the number of bits of the difference data is 16 bits (2 bytes) in the present embodiment, the difference data is a difference from the reference music data parameter, and the value is usually relatively small. Therefore, the number of bits assigned to one difference data may be further reduced. For example, when one byte is allocated to each difference data, the lower 7 bits may be used for data, and the most significant bit may be used for identification indicating a method of using the data. Taking the difference data of the present embodiment as an example, the second byte of the difference data may be assigned to the lower 7 bits, and the first byte may be assigned to the most significant bit.

Further, in the present embodiment, the weighting of the difference data is linearly changed in accordance with the difference value T between the actual tempo value and the ideal tempo value. May be arbitrarily set by the user. As a method therefor, several rules for changing the weighting of the difference data according to the difference value T may be prepared, and the user may be able to select a desired one from the rules. May be defined. Further, for example, a switch for designating the weight of the difference data may be prepared, and the weight of the difference data may be changed based on a user operation on the switch. In any case, the user can automatically reproduce the music in a desired performance form.

[0091]

As described above, according to the present invention, performance data for automatically reproducing at least the same music in two performance forms is prepared, and based on the performance data, the music in two performance forms, A pronunciation instruction for a musical piece in a performance form during the period is generated. For this reason, the music can be automatically performed in various performance modes with a small performance data amount. In addition, since the user can listen to music of various performance forms and play an ensemble with them as a model, the user can efficiently practice music of various performance forms.

Further, according to the present invention, performance data is created by adding difference data from one performance data (reference performance data) of the two performance forms to the other performance data. For this reason, it is possible to automatically play music in two performance forms and music in a performance form between them with a smaller data amount.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an automatic performance device to which the present embodiment is applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of performance data.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a change in sounding timing according to a tempo.

FIG. 4 is an operation flowchart of an automatic performance process.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a tone generation timing process.

FIG. 6 is an operation flowchart of strong and weak data processing.

FIG. 7 is an operation flowchart of tone data processing.

FIG. 8 is an operation flowchart of a control data timing process.

[Explanation of symbols]

 101 input switch group 102 music ROM 104 sound source device 106 CPU 108 program ROM 109 work RAM

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An automatic performance device for performing an automatic performance by sequentially generating sounding instructions based on performance data configured by adding time data to event data. Performance data storage means for storing performance data for reproducing the music of the above, using the performance data stored in the performance data storage means, any one of the plurality of performance forms, or of the plurality of performance forms An automatic performance device, comprising: automatic performance means for automatically performing a music in a performance form between the automatic performance device and the automatic performance device. 2. Performance data stored in the performance data storage means is used as reference performance data for reproducing music in a reference performance mode, and music is reproduced in another performance mode different from the reference performance mode. The automatic performance means is configured to change the weight for reflecting the difference data on the reference performance data, thereby changing any of the plurality of performance forms. 2. The automatic performance apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the music is automatically performed in a performance mode between the plurality of performance modes. 3. The automatic performance device according to claim 2, wherein said automatic performance means changes the weight of said difference data in accordance with designation by a predetermined designation means. 4. Other form performance data for reproducing the same music in another performance form different from the reference performance form, together with reference performance data for reproducing the music piece in the reference form. By preparing at least one of data and difference data of the reference performance data, and sequentially generating a sounding instruction based on the reference performance data and one of the other form performance data and the difference data, the reference performance A music composition is automatically performed in any one of the above-mentioned forms and the other performance forms, or a performance form therebetween. 5. The same musical piece is reproduced in another performance form different from the reference performance form as reference performance data for reproducing music in a reference performance form, which is constituted by adding time data to event data. A storage medium characterized by storing performance data constituted by adding difference data from other forms of performance data for use.