JPH032617B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Technical Field The present invention relates to an automatic tool changer for machine tools, and in particular, it can be easily attached to a single-spindle machine tool such as an upright drilling machine, and is capable of automatically attaching and detaching a plurality of different tools to and from its main spindle. The present invention relates to an inexpensive automatic tool changer that allows for automatic tool changing.

Prior Art Various types of automatic tool changers for machine tools have been proposed in the past, but they generally have extremely complex structures, are large, and are very expensive, and cannot be installed on existing upright drilling machines. The drawback was that I couldn't do it. That is, there has been no automatic tool changer that can be easily attached to an existing single-spindle upright drilling machine and is inexpensive.

Purpose The present invention was made in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art described above, and its purpose is to provide a bracket fixed to a main shaft driving quill of a single-spindle machine tool such as a single-spindle upright drilling machine. The rotary plate, on which multiple tools can be attached and detached, moves up and down and rotates intermittently in one direction. When machining with a specific tool is completed, that tool is removed from the spindle and the next tool is attached to the spindle. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic tool changer which has a simple structure, is small in size, and is inexpensive, so that a tool change process such as when installed in a tool is automatically carried out. Another object is to ensure accurate centering of the tool with respect to the spindle and accurate positioning of the keyway and key between the spindle and the tool.

Configuration In short, the present invention comprises a spindle position stop mechanism attached to the upper part of the spindle of a single-spindle machine tool, a bracket fixed to the quill for vertical movement of the spindle of the single-spindle machine tool, and a quill for vertical movement and movement of the spindle passing through the bracket. a drive rod capable of rotational movement; a reciprocating rotation compound mechanism that provides vertical movement and reciprocating rotational movement to the drive rod;
a rotary plate which is rotatably attached to the drive rod and configured to allow a plurality of tools to be detachably attached thereto, and in which a plurality of rotary drive notch holes and a plurality of positioning holes are formed corresponding to the number of the tools and their mounting positions; a rotary arm fixed to the lower end of the drive rod and having a knock pin drive mechanism that engages and disengages from the rotary drive notch hole and reciprocates with the drive rod to rotate the rotary plate in one direction; a positioning rod having a lower end portion fixed to the bracket, a lower end portion being pressed downward by a spring so as to be slidable relative to the base end portion, and the lower end portion engaging and disengaging from the positioning hole; a tool positioning mechanism having a tool positioning piece that can be reciprocated in a horizontal direction to engage and disengage from a keyway formed in a flange portion of the tool; and a wedge-shaped member fixed to the bracket so as to be detachable from the bracket.

The present invention will be explained below based on embodiments shown in the drawings. The automatic tool changer 1 according to the present invention includes a main shaft fixed position stop mechanism 2, a bracket 3, a drive rod 4, a reciprocating rotation compound mechanism 5, a rotating plate 6, a rotating arm 7, a positioning rod 8, It includes a tool positioning mechanism 9 and a wedge-shaped member 10.

The main spindle fixed position stop mechanism 2 is attached to the upper part of the main spindle 12 of a single-spindle machine tool 11 in FIGS. 1, 7, 8, and 9, and the main shaft is rotated by a motor 13. It is becoming driven. A cylindrical cam 13 is fixed to the upper end 12a of the main shaft 12, and as shown enlarged in FIGS. and a parallel groove 15 formed downward from the top, in which a pin is implanted with a cylindrical member 16 in which a cam 13 is rotatably housed and is fixed to the upper part of the single-axis machine tool 11. 18 can be engaged with each other. This main spindle fixed position stopping mechanism 2 was provided because the pair of keyways 21a of the flange portion 21 of the tool 20 attached to the lower end of the main spindle 12 always move in the same direction when the main spindle 12 is stopped, as shown in FIG. This is to make sure you are facing the right direction.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the bracket 3 is fixed to a quill 22 for vertically moving the main spindle of the single-spindle machine tool 11, and is formed into a flat plate shape.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the drive rod 4 is configured to be able to move up and down and rotate through the bracket 3, is supported by a bearing 23, and has a pin 4b at its upper end 4a. is planted, and a stopper 4c is planted below it.
A rotary arm 7 is fixed to the lower end 4d by a pin 24, and the lower end 4d is rotatably supported by the rotary plate 6 via a bearing 25. A collar 26 is fixed.

The reciprocating rotation compound mechanism 5, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, is for giving vertical movement and reciprocating rotation compound motion to the drive rod 4, and has a cylinder 25 fixed to the bracket 3. As shown in FIG. 4, the chamber 25a has an elliptical cross section, and a stepped portion 25b is formed at the bottom, and when the stopper 4c of the driving rod 4 comes into contact with the stepped portion, the driving rod is rotated. The downward movement range of 4 is restricted. Further, an elliptical piston 26 having the same shape as the cylinder chamber is slidably accommodated in the cylinder chamber 25a.
A thread groove 26b having a predetermined lead is formed on the inner surface of the hole 26a of the piston 26, and a pin 4b of the drive rod 4 is slidably engaged with the thread groove. Further, a space 25c is formed below the stepped portion 25b of the cylinder chamber 25a.
A pipe 28 for supplying air from the outside is connected to the space. Further, a pipe 29 for supplying air from the outside is similarly connected to the upper end of the cylinder 25.

The rotating plate 6 is shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 5, and 6.
In the figure, it is formed into a rectangular shape, is rotatably attached to the drive rod 4, and has a plurality of tools 20, for example, four, which are detachably attached to it.
A plurality of, for example four, rotational drive notch holes 6a and a plurality of positioning holes 6b are formed corresponding to the number of zeros and their mounting positions. Different tools 20 can be attached to the arcuate portions 6c formed at the four corners of the rotary plate 6 through thrust bearings 30, and the flange portions 21 of the tools are It is designed to be placed on a thrust bearing 30. Also, the rotation drive notch hole 6
The positioning holes 6a and 6b are each formed at 90 degree intervals in the rotational direction. In addition, the other part of the rotating plate 6 has a square hole 6 through which the wedge-shaped member 10 can pass.
A plurality of d's, for example four, are formed.

The rotating arm 7 is fixed to the lower end 4d of the drive rod 4 as shown in FIG. Rotating plate 6
It is configured to rotate in one direction. The rotating arm 7 is fixed to the drive rod 4 by a pin 24, and a cylinder 32 is integrally formed therein. A piston 33 for driving the knock pin is slidably housed in the cylinder, and the piston is held by a spring 34. It is constantly pressed downward. Further, a pipe 37 for supplying air from the outside is connected to the lower end of the cylinder 32. and cylinder 32
When the knob pin 35 engages with the rotation drive knob hole 6a, the rotary arm 7 and the rotary plate 6 can rotate together.

As shown in FIG. 3, the positioning rod 8 has a base end 8a fixed to the bracket 6, and a lower end 8a.
b is constantly pressed downward by the spring 35,
It is configured to be slidable on the base end 8a, and the lower end 8b is configured to engage and disengage from the positioning hole 6b.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5, the tool positioning hole 9 is a tool positioning piece that can be reciprocated horizontally to engage and disengage from a keyway 21a formed in the flange portion 21 of the tool 20. 36, and a plurality of tool positioning mechanisms 9, for example four identical ones, are mounted on the rotary plate 6, as shown in FIG. The positioning piece 36 is slidably housed in a U-shaped groove 38a of a support member 38 fixed to the rotary plate 6, and is constantly urged in the direction of the tool 20 by a spring 39. There is. A pin 40 is horizontally fixed to the tool positioning piece 36 by passing through a square hole 36a in the horizontal direction.
The tip 36b of the tool positioning piece 36 is connected to the spring 3.
The tool 20 is pushed forward by being pushed by the tool 9.
It is configured to engage with the keyway 21a of.

The wedge-shaped member 10 is shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5.
As shown in the figure, the tool positioning piece 36 is attached to the rotary plate 6.
The proximal end 10a of the tool is fixed to the bracket 3 so as to be detached from the keyway 21a of the tool when the tool is raised, and a sloped surface 10c is formed at the tip 10b of the bracket 3. Therefore, the tool positioning piece 36 is configured to be moved backward against the pressing force of the spring 39.

The tools 20 attached to the rotary plate 6 include, for example, a small diameter drill 20A for first stage machining;
A large diameter drill 20B for second stage machining, a reamer 20C for rough machining, and a reamer 20D for finishing machining can be attached. When the tool 20 is attached to the main shaft 12, the flange portion 21
A key 12c on the main shaft side is engaged with a pair of key grooves 21a, so that rotational force is transmitted to the tool.

The fall prevention cylinder 43 has a base end 43a.
A hook 45 fixed to the lower end of the piston rod 44 is attached to the rotating plate 6.
It is constructed to support the lower surface of the rotating plate and prevent the rotary plate from falling down.

Effects The present invention is configured as described above, and its effects will be explained below. First, in the state shown in FIG. 2, a drill 20A is an example of the tool 20.
is the tapered hole 12b of the main spindle 12 of the single-spindle machine tool 11.
The key 12c engages with the keyway 21a of the flange portion 21, and the power from the main shaft 12 is transmitted to the drill 20A. As shown in FIG. The shaped member 10 enters up to the rotary plate 6 and the positioning piece 36 moves as shown by arrow B.
In the dowel pin drive mechanism 31, air is exhausted from the pipe 37, the piston 33 is lowered by the restoring force of the spring 34, and the dowel pin 35 is moved into the notch hole 6a for rotational driving.
has left from.

In this state, when the motor 13 rotates and the main spindle 12 is lowered by a vertical drive mechanism (not shown), the drill 20A descends while rotating and hits the workpiece mounted on the table 41 of the single-spindle machine tool 11 (see FIG. (not shown), a predetermined first stage drilling process is performed. When the first stage of drilling is completed in this manner, the main spindle 12 automatically rises and is stopped at a fixed position by the main spindle fixed position stopping mechanism 2.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the main shaft 1
When cam 2 rises and reaches near the top dead center, cam 1
Either of the pair of slopes 14 of 3 or its top 14
b comes into contact with the pin 18, and one of the slopes 14 is guided by the pin, in other words, the pin 18 descends while sliding along any of the slopes 14,
The cam 13 and the main shaft 12 are rotated in either direction, and finally the pin 18 engages with the groove 15 and the main shaft 1
2 stops rotating, the main shaft always stops at a fixed position in the stopped state, and as a result, as shown in FIG. , and be sure to place the keyway 2 in the positioning piece 36 of the tool positioning mechanism 9.
1a come to stop facing each other.

Next, to explain the automatic tool change operation, first, the state shown in FIG. 2 shifts to the state shown in FIG. 26
is lowered until the stopper 4c of the drive rod 4 comes into contact with the stepped portion 25b of the cylinder 25, whereby the drive rod 4 is lowered to the position shown in FIG. 3, that is, to the bottom dead center. As a result, the rotary plate 6 and the four tools 20 are lowered, the tapered portion 20a of the tool 20 is removed from the tapered hole 12b of the main shaft 12, and at the same time the wedge-shaped member 10 is removed from the hole 36a of the positioning piece 36 of the tool positioning mechanism 9. The positioning piece moves forward due to the pressing force of the spring 39, and the keyway 21 of the flange portion 21 of the tool 20 detached from the main shaft 12.
its tip 36b engages a to prevent free rotation of the tool. At the same time, the lower end 8b of the positioning rod 8 is pressed downward by the spring 27, and a portion thereof is lightly engaged with the positioning hole 6b. This allows the positioning rod 8 to apply a light braking force to the rotary plate 6. On the other hand, the knock pin drive mechanism 31
Air is supplied to the cylinder 32 from the pipe 37 as shown by the arrow D, the piston 33 rises against the pressing force of the spring 34, the knock pin 35 engages with the rotational drive knock hole 6a, and the rotation arm 7 and Rotating plate 6
become one. In this state, if air is continued to be supplied from the pipe 29 of the cylinder 25 of the reciprocating compound mechanism 5 as shown by arrow C, the piston 26
In this case, since the piston 25 is elliptical and cannot rotate relative to the cylinder 25, the pin of the driving rod 4 moves along the threaded groove 26b. 4
b will slide, and as a result, the drive rod 4
is clockwise as shown in Figure 6, as indicated by arrow E.
Rotate 90 degrees. As a result, the tool 20 is a drill 20
As A moves to a rotational position advanced by 90 degrees, the next drill 20B reaches directly below the main shaft 12, and at this position, the tip 8b of the positioning rod 8 engages with the next positioning hole 6b.

When the rotating plate 6 rotates 90 degrees as shown by the arrow E, air is exhausted from the pipe 37 of the knock pin drive mechanism 31, the piston 33 descends due to the restoring force of the spring 34, and the knock pin 35 is rotated. It separates from the notch hole 6a. Next, as shown by arrow A, air flows from the pipe 28 into the space 25 of the cylinder 25.
C, the drive rod 4 does not rise and stops at the same position, and only the piston 26 rises, so the drive rod 4 moves in the direction of the arrow F due to the cooperation between the thread groove 26b and the pin 4b. As shown in FIG. 6, the position shown by the imaginary line returns to the position shown by the solid line, and the dowel pin 35 is located directly below the next rotary drive dowel hole 6a.

Then, when air is further supplied from the pipe 28 as shown by arrow A, the piston 26 can no longer rise by itself, and pulls up the drive rod 4 via the pin 4b, reaching the top dead center shown in FIG. and stop. In this case, the drive rod 4 rises without rotating as shown by arrow G, and the rotating plate 6
also rises at the same time, but in this case,
The positioning piece 36 of the tool positioning mechanism 9 is a spring 39
As shown in FIG. 3, the restoring force causes the tool 20 to move forward and engage the keyway 21a of the flange portion 21 of the tool 20, so that the tool 20 rises while being positioned in the rotational direction, and the amount of rise increases. reaches a certain level, the slope 10c of the wedge-shaped member 10 descends relative to the positioning piece 36, and the positioning piece 3
6 is moved backward in the direction of arrow B, as shown in FIG. As a result, the keyway 21a of the flange portion 21 of the tool 20 can be engaged with the key 12c of the main shaft 12 without any problem, and, for example, the drill 20B is attached to the tapered hole 12b of the main shaft 12 with its tapered portion 20a. In this case, the lower end 8b of the positioning rod 8, as shown in FIG. 2, completely engages with the positioning hole 6b of the rotary plate 6 again, thereby restraining the rotation of the rotary plate. When the motor 13 rotates and the main shaft 12 descends in this manner, the drill 20B performs a second-stage drilling process on the workpiece.

Thereafter, in the same manner, the tool 20 is sequentially moved by the vertical movement of the main shaft 12, the vertical movement of the drive rod 4 by the action of the reciprocating rotation compound mechanism 5, the action of the knock pin drive mechanism 31, and the action of the wedge-shaped member 10 of the tool positioning mechanism 9. is automatically replaced and reamer 20C
The reamers 20D and 20D are successively attached to the main shaft 12, and each processing is performed smoothly. In this way, when four types of machining are completed using, for example, four tools 20, the single-axis machine tool 11 stops, the operator removes the workpiece from the table 41, and attaches the next unprocessed workpiece. , the same processing is performed thereafter, and each tool 20 is automatically replaced.

In the above embodiment, the number of tools 20 is described as four, but it goes without saying that this is not limited to four.

Effects Since the present invention is configured and operates as described above, a plurality of tools can be attached to and detached from a bracket fixed to a main spindle drive quill of a single-axis machine tool such as a single-axis upright drilling machine. The rotating plate moves up and down and rotates intermittently in one direction, so that when machining with a specific tool is completed, the tool is automatically removed from the spindle and the next tool is attached to the spindle. The advantage is that an automatic tool changer can be provided that is simple, compact, and inexpensive. In addition, since the centering of the tool with respect to the spindle and the positioning of the keyway and key between the spindle and the tool are performed accurately, it is possible to perform automatic tool changing with extremely high precision and efficiency despite the simple structure. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings relate to embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a side view of a single-axis machine tool equipped with an automatic tool changer, and FIG. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main parts of the automatic tool changer showing the tool changing state, Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken in the - arrow direction of Fig. A plan view showing the mutual relationship between the tool positioning mechanism and the flange of the tool, FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing the mutual relationship between the tool flange, the rotary arm, and the rotary plate, and FIG. 7 is the main spindle fixed position stop mechanism. 8 is a similar vertical sectional view of the main spindle fixed position stopping mechanism, and FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing the mutual relationship between the main spindle fixed position stopping mechanism and the flange portion of the tool. 1 is an automatic tool changer, 2 is a main shaft fixed position stop mechanism, 3 is a bracket, 4 is a drive rod, 4d is a lower end, 5 is a reciprocating rotation compound mechanism, 6 is a rotary plate, 6a is a notch hole for rotational drive, 6b is a Positioning hole, 7 is rotating arm, 8 is positioning rod, 8b is lower end, 8a
9 is a base end, 9 is a tool positioning mechanism, 10 is a wedge-shaped member, 11 is a single-axis machine tool, 12 is a main spindle, 20
2 is a tool, 21 is a flange portion, 21a is a keyway, 3
1 is a knock pin drive mechanism, and 36 is a positioning piece.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A spindle fixed position stop mechanism attached to the upper part of the spindle of a single-spindle machine tool, a bracket fixed to the quill for vertical movement of the spindle of the single-spindle machine tool, and a drive penetrating the bracket and capable of vertical and rotational movement. A rod, a reciprocating rotation compound mechanism that gives vertical movement and reciprocating rotational motion to the driving rod, and a plurality of tools that are rotatably attached to the driving rod and can be attached and detached to correspond to the number of tools and their mounting positions. A rotary plate having a plurality of rotational drive notch holes and a plurality of positioning holes formed therein, and a knock pin drive mechanism that is fixed to the lower end of the drive rod and engages and disengages from the rotational drive notch hole, and reciprocates with the drive rod. A rotary arm that rotates to rotate the rotary plate in one direction, a base end fixed to the bracket, a lower end pressed downward by a spring, and slidable relative to the base end. and a tool positioning piece that can reciprocate horizontally to engage and disengage from a keyway formed in the flange of the tool. An automatic tool changer comprising: a tool positioning mechanism; and a wedge-shaped member fixed to the bracket so as to separate the tool positioning piece from the keyway of the tool when the rotary plate is raised.