【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は牛、豚、鶏等の家畜、家禽及び水産用
飼料に関するものである。
〔従来の技術〕
牛、豚、鶏等の家畜、家禽及び水産用飼料には
種々のものが開発され、微生物の乾燥菌体を添加
したものも知られている。また、油脂含有量が15
％以上の高油脂産生菌も知られているが（例えば
特開昭59−205979号公報）、この高油脂産生菌体
を飼料に用いることは知られていない。
〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
一方、家畜、家禽の幼令期においては細菌性及
び単純性の下痢が頻発して発育阻害が起こりやす
い。そのため、従来は抗生物質や抗菌剤が使用さ
れていたがこれらの食肉、鶏卵等への移行が問題
となり、制菌剤がこれらに代わつて使用されるよ
うになつてきている。しかしながら、制菌剤の効
果は大きくなく、またその範囲も限られていた。
また、幼令期の飼料摂取量はその後の発育を決定
する大きな要因であるが、この摂取量を増加させ
る有効な手段はまだない。
採卵鶏においては卵重の増加が生産性に関わる
重要な問題であるが、この卵重増加についての大
きな成果はまだ得られていない。
例えば、含硫アミノ酸と油脂を添加することに
より卵重が増加することは知られているがその効
果はさほど大きくない。また、鶏卵のコレステロ
ール高含有量が問題となつているがこのコレステ
ロール含有量を低下させる方法はまだ実施されて
いない。肉用鶏においては発育を速めると腹腔内
脂肪の沈着が増加し正肉の歩留が低下する。増体
を低下させずに腹腔内脂肪の沈着を抑制させる方
法はまだ実施されていない。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
本発明はこれらの問題点を解決した飼料を提供
するものであり、高油脂産生菌体を飼料に添加す
ることによつてこの目的を達成したものである。
本発明で利用される高油脂産生菌は乾燥菌体に
おける油脂含有量が15％以上のものである。かか
る微生物は、カンデイダ属、リポマイセス属、ロ
ドトルラ属、クリプトコツカス属等の酵母菌及び
アスペルギルス属、フザリウム属、ペリシリウム
属、ムコール属、リゾプス属、アクチノムコール
属、アブシデイア属、バクセラ属、サルシネラ
属、カニンガメラ属、ゴングロネラ属、ヘリコス
チラム属、モルテイエレラ属、ピコマイセス属、
シンセフアラストラム属等の糸状菌に存在してい
る。その例を挙げれば、
[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to feed for livestock such as cows, pigs, and chickens, poultry, and fisheries. [Prior Art] Various types of feed for livestock such as cows, pigs, and chickens, poultry, and fisheries have been developed, and feeds to which dried microbial cells are added are also known. In addition, the fat content is 15
% or more is known (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-205979), but it is not known that these high fat-producing bacteria can be used in feed. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] On the other hand, in the infancy of livestock and poultry, bacterial and uncomplicated diarrhea occurs frequently and stunting of growth is likely to occur. For this reason, antibiotics and antibacterial agents have traditionally been used, but their transfer to meat, eggs, etc. has become a problem, and bacteriostatic agents are being used instead of these. However, the effects of bacteriostatic agents were not great and their range was limited.
In addition, although feed intake during infancy is a major factor determining later growth, there is still no effective means to increase this intake. Increase in egg weight is an important problem related to productivity in egg-laying hens, but no significant results have yet been obtained regarding this increase in egg weight. For example, it is known that adding sulfur-containing amino acids and fats and oils increases egg weight, but the effect is not so great. Furthermore, the high cholesterol content of chicken eggs has become a problem, but no method has yet been implemented to reduce this cholesterol content. In chickens for meat production, accelerating growth increases the deposition of intraperitoneal fat and reduces the yield of meat. A method for suppressing intra-abdominal fat deposition without reducing body weight gain has not yet been implemented. [Means for solving the problems] The present invention provides a feed that solves these problems, and achieves this objective by adding high oil and fat producing microorganisms to the feed. . The high fat-producing bacteria used in the present invention have an oil content of 15% or more in dry bacterial cells. Such microorganisms include yeasts such as Candeida, Lipomyces, Rhodotorula, and Cryptococcus; Aspergillus, Fusarium, Pericillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Actinomycoll, Absidia, Baxella, and Sarcinella; Caningamela spp., Gongronella spp., Helicostylum spp., Morteierella spp., Picomyces spp.
It exists in filamentous fungi such as the genus Synthephalastrum. For example,
〔実施例〕〔Example〕
実施例 １
ハイテストモラセスを主成分とするPH5.5の培
地20に予め前培養しておいたMortierella属の
ramanniana var. anglispora（IFO−8187）1.5
を培種した。30℃で通気撹拌培養を行い約100時
間で培養を終了した。菌体を遠心分離機にて集
め、直ちに乾燥して1.2Kgの乾燥菌体粉末を得た。
得られた菌体粉末を１〜10％家畜用飼料中に配合
しこれを用いて家畜を飼育した。その結果、育成
期において飼料の摂取量が増加し、発育が増加し
た。また幼令期の下痢の発生が抑えられ健康的な
状態を保持した。
実施例 ２
21日令の仔豚42頭を２区３組になるように区分
けし、体重、両親等条件をできるだけ均等に設定
し２〜３週間飼育した。対照区は市販の仔豚育成
用飼料を給与し、試験区は実施例１で得られた菌
体粉末を１％及び10％市販飼料に添加した飼料を
給与した。飼料は自由摂取とし水は自由飲水とし
た。試験開始時及び終了時に仔豚の体重、飼料摂
取量を測定し、下痢、軟便の発生状況は随時調査
した。この結果飼料摂取量は１％区で約３％の増
加、10％区では17％の増加が見られた。増体重は
１％区で約３〜６％、10％区では15％の増加が認
められた。下痢、軟便の発生状況は対照区で少し
発生したものの１％区ではほとんど見られず10％
区では全く認められなかつた。
Example 1 Mortierella spp., which had been pre-cultured in a medium 20 with a pH of 5.5 containing Hytest Molasses as its main component.
ramanniana var. anglispora (IFO−8187) 1.5
was cultured. Aerated agitation culture was carried out at 30°C, and the culture was completed in about 100 hours. The cells were collected using a centrifuge and immediately dried to obtain 1.2 kg of dry cell powder.
The obtained bacterial powder was mixed into livestock feed at 1 to 10%, and livestock was raised using this. As a result, feed intake increased during the growing period, leading to increased growth. In addition, the occurrence of diarrhea during infancy was suppressed and the animals remained healthy. Example 2 Forty-two 21-day-old piglets were divided into two groups and three groups, and were raised for 2 to 3 weeks with conditions such as body weight and parents set as evenly as possible. The control group was fed a commercial feed for raising piglets, and the test group was fed a feed in which 1% and 10% of the bacterial powder obtained in Example 1 was added to the commercial feed. Feed and water were available ad libitum. The piglet's body weight and feed intake were measured at the start and end of the test, and the occurrence of diarrhea and loose stools was investigated at any time. As a result, feed intake increased by approximately 3% in the 1% group and by 17% in the 10% group. Weight gain was approximately 3-6% in the 1% group and 15% in the 10% group. Diarrhea and loose stools occurred a little in the control plot, but were hardly seen in the 1% plot, making it 10%.
This was not recognized at all in the ward.
【表】
実施例 ３
初生雛800羽を用いて２区２反復の試験を行つ
た。１区200羽の２区２反復試験で雌雄混飼とし
自由摂取、自由放水とした。飼料は市販のブロイ
ラー前期用飼料を０〜21日令まで、ブロイラー後
期用飼料を22日令〜終了８日前まで、そして終了
までは休薬飼料を給与した。試験飼料は製品に対
し実施例１で得られた菌体粉末を２％添加したも
のを用いた。試験期間は約２カ月とし試験開始時
及び終了までの週毎の増体重、飼料摂取量を測定
した。また終了までの生存率も測定した。終了後
屠殺し解体後腹腔内脂肪の量を測定した。
結果は飼料摂取量で試験区は対照区に比べ１〜
２％増加し日増体は２％増加した。生存率も１％
増加した。[Table] Example 3 A 2-group, 2-repetition test was conducted using 800 day-old chicks. In a 2-group, 2-repetition test with 200 birds in each group, males and females were mixed, and the animals were given free access to water and free access to water. As for the feed, commercially available feed for early broilers was fed from 0 to 21 days of age, feed for late broilers was fed from 22 days of age to 8 days before the end of the feeding period, and a drug-free feed was fed until the end of the feeding period. The test feed used was a product to which 2% of the bacterial powder obtained in Example 1 was added. The test period was approximately 2 months, and weekly weight gain and feed intake were measured at the start and end of the test. The survival rate until completion was also measured. After the animal was slaughtered and dissected, the amount of intraperitoneal fat was measured. The results are feed intake, which is 1 to 1 in the test plot compared to the control plot.
It increased by 2% and the daily body gain increased by 2%. Survival rate is also 1%
increased.
【表】
実施例 ４
採卵用成鶏60羽を用い30羽づつ２区に条件を均
等になるように区分けし、対照区には市販の成鶏
用飼料を給与し試験区には実施例１で得られた菌
体粉末を５％配合したものを給与した。期間は30
日とし、その間自由摂取、自由飲水とした。
期間中個別に卵の重量及び卵黄中のコレステロ
ール値を測定した。
その結果、卵重は対照区に比べ試験区は６％増
加し卵黄中コレステロール値は８％減少が認めら
れた。[Table] Example 4 Using 60 adult hens for egg production, they were divided into two groups of 30 birds each under equal conditions, the control group was fed commercially available adult chicken feed, and the test group was fed Example 1. A mixture containing 5% of the bacterial powder obtained in step 1 was given. The period is 30
1 day, during which time they were given ad libitum access to water and ad libitum drinking. During the period, the weight of the eggs and the cholesterol level in the egg yolk were measured individually. As a result, egg weight increased by 6% in the test group compared to the control group, and cholesterol levels in egg yolk decreased by 8%.
〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕
本発明の飼料を用いることにより、特に幼令期
及び育成期の家畜、家禽の下痢、軟便の発生を低
下させるとともに、飼料の摂取量を増加させて発
育を向上させることができる。加えて魚類に給与
することにより発育を向上することができる。ま
た採卵用成鶏に給与することにより卵重を増加さ
せかつ卵黄中のコレステロール含有量を低下させ
ることができる。肉用鶏に給与することにより発
育を促進させ尚かつ腹腔内脂肪の沈着を抑制する
ことができる。
By using the feed of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of diarrhea and loose stools in livestock and poultry, especially in the infant and growing stages, and to increase feed intake and improve growth. In addition, feeding it to fish can improve their growth. Furthermore, by feeding it to adult hens for egg collection, it is possible to increase egg weight and reduce the cholesterol content in the egg yolk. By feeding it to meat chickens, it is possible to promote growth and suppress the deposition of intraperitoneal fat.